Senior High School

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21st Century
Literature from the
Philippines and the
World

Department of Education ●
Republic of the Philippines
 st
21 Century
Literature from
the Philippines
and the World
Quarter 2 - Module 2
Literature Around the World

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 Lesson

12 European Literature - I

Grade 12, First Semester, Q2 – Week 4

What I Need to Know

Congratulations! You are now in Lesson 4 of this module. In this lesson, your quest
is to explore the literature of Europe.

In this Lesson, you are going to:

a. Identify representative texts and authors from Asia, North America,

Europe, Latin America, and Africa; (EN12Lit-IIa-22)
b. Compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres and their
elements, structures, and traditions from across the globe
(EN12Lit-IId-25)
c. Do self- and/or peer-assessment of the creative adaptation of a
literary text, based on rationalized criteria, prior to presentation.
(EN12Lit-IIij-31.3)

What I Know

Let’s check your knowledge about European literature. Answer

each item below. Choose the correct answer, and write ONLY the letter your answer
in your LITERATURE ACTIVITY NOTEBOOK.
40
 1. Who is Sir Kay’s squire?
A. Merlin B. Arthur C. His cousin D. Sir Ector

2. Who lied about finding the sword?

A. Arthur B. Archbishop C. Kay D. Ector

3. Why did Merlin wait to the very last minute to have Arthur pull the sword from the
stone?
A. To show everyone how smart he is
B. To show everyone Arthur was king
C. To prove that the Archbishop is very noble
D. To show that those arrogant men were weak

4. How does Arthur prove he is the rightful king of England?

A. by winning the tournament
B. he married the princess
C. by pulling the sword from the stone
D. by dividing the stone

5. The Middle Ages in Europe had been regarded as the Age of ___.
A. poetry B. drama C. epics D. prose

6. No other period in English literature displayed more variety in style, theme, and
content. What period is it?
A. Medieval B. Romantic C. Victorian D. Enlightenment

7. What period in European literature gives attention to detail and replicates the true
nature of reality?
A. Romantic B. Victorian C. Realism D. Naturalism

8. During this period, writers identify the underlying causes for a person’s actions or
beliefs; the environment played a large part in the narrative structure of their works.
A. Realism B. Naturalism C. Victorianism D. Imperialism

9. The ________ literary period uses crime and punishment as example of the
principles used in their work.
A. Realism B. Naturalism C. Imperialism D. Existentialism

10. Writers during this period are now free to try new concepts in writing like the use
of the unreliable narrator.
A. Naturalism B. Existentialism C. Modernism D. Naturalism

What’s New

Let’s see what you know, what you don’t know, and what you want to
know about Europe. Fill in the columns in the worksheet below.
What You Know About What You Do not Know What You Want to Know
Europe About Europe About Europe

42
 What Is It

The history and catalogue of the European literature is so rich that it is quite close to
impossible to describe it and give justice to its entire list of great works and even
greater writers in an introduction. However, to give learners a little background
information, European literature refers to the literature in many languages; among the
most important of the modern written works are those in English, Spanish, French,
Dutch, Polish, German, Italian, Modern Greek, Czech, Russian, Bosnian and works
by the Scandinavians and Irish. Important classical and medieval traditions are those
in Latin, Ancient Greek, Old Norse, Medieval French and the Italian Tuscan dialect of
the renaissance are also part of its collection.
The Medieval Period (500-1500) of European literature already saw masterful works
like Beowulf, The Song of Roland, The Nibelungenlied, and seminal work of Geoffrey
Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. The mentioned works of art was followed by even
more popular titles, because during the Renaissance Period, writers like Edmun
Spencer (The Faerie Queen), John Milton (Paradise Lost), and William Shakespeare
(Romeo and Juliet ;Macbeth) took the level of its literary standard into a whole new
high.
Following the Medieval Period was the Age of Enlightenment (1700-1800) and at its
center was a celebration of ideas – ideas about what the human mind was capable of,
and what could be achieved through deliberate action and scientific methodology.
Many of the new, enlightened ideas were political in nature. Writers like Voltaire and
Jean-Jacques Rousseau were the torchbearers of Enlightenment literature and
philosophy.
No other period in English literature displays more variety in style, theme, and content
than the Romantic Movement (1798-1870) of the 18th and 19th centuries. Romanticism
is concerned with the masses and not with the middle class, the individual more than
with society. With writers like Mary Shelley and her masterpiece, Frankenstein and

43
Lord Byron’s Don Juan, the focus of literature shifted from the scientific to the
mysterious.
Then came the Victorian Period. The name given to the period is borrowed from the
royal matriarch of England, Queen Victoria. The Victorian writers exhibited some well-
established habits from previous eras, while at the same time pushing arts and letters
in new and interesting directions. Victorian novelists and poets like Charlotte and Emily
Bronte, Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Gustave Flaubert, George Eliot, Fyodor
Dosteyevsky, and Thomas Hardy wrote with simplicity, truth and tempered emotion.
Realism (1820-1920), the next period in European literature, is precisely what it
sounds like. It is attention to detail, and an effort to replicate the true nature of reality
in a way that novelists had never attempted. Famous writers during this period were
Franz Kafka, William Butler Yeats, T.S. Eliot, and Vicente Biasco Ibanez, among
others.
Naturalism (1870-1920) sought to go further and be more explanatory than Realism
by identifying the underlying causes for a person’s actions or beliefs. In Naturalism,
the environment played a large part in the narrative structure. Emile Zola, one of the
most influential writers in this period of literature, provided inspiration and model in
writing during this period.
Crime and punishment is a profound example of how some of the principles of
existentialist (1850-today), the next literary period. Doytoyevsky’s story shows that
thinking can be perverted, leading to ethical decay and personal destruction. Another
writer, Franz Kafka, has also been associated with 20th century existentialism. But
the name most related to existential literature is Albert Camus.
The Modernist Period (1910-1965) in literature presented a new way of living and
seeing the world. Writers are now free to try new concepts in writing like the use of the
unreliable narrator, among others. Modernism was set in motion, in one sense,
through a series of cultural shocks where the poets took fullest advantage of the new
spirit of the times, and stretched the possibilities of their craft to lengths not previously
imagined.
All these period in literature influenced and led to what is now seen in the works of
21st century European writers. ("21St Century Literature Of The Philippines And Of The
World (1) Scribd" 2020)

King Arthur is a key figure in all of European literature. The legendary king and
the episodes of his life have been echoed in literary texts for several centuries. The
following selection presents the pivotal movement in which a precocious young man
began his transformation into ruler of England.

The Miracle of the Sword and Stone

Now Arthur, the prince, had all this time been nourished in Sir Ector’s house as
his own son, and was fair and tall and comely, being of the age of fifteen years, great
in strength, gentle in manner, and accomplished in all exercises proper for the training
of a knight.
But as yet he knew not of his father, for Merlin had so dealth, that none save Uther
and himself knew aught about him. Wherefore it befell, that many of the knights and
barons who heard King Uther speak before his death, and call his son Arthur his
successor, were in great amazement; and some doubted, and others were displeased.
44
Anon the chief lords and princes set forth each to his own land, and, raising, armed
men and multitudes of followers, determined every one to gain the crown for himself;
for they said in their hearts, “If there be any such a son at all as he of whom this wizard
forced the king to speak, who are we that a beardless boy should have rule over us?”
So the land stood long in great peril, for every lord and baron sought but his own
advantage; and the Saxons, growing ever more adventurous, wasted and overran the
towns and villages in every part.
Then, Merlin went to Brice, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and advised him to require
all the earls and barons of the realm and all knights and gentlemen-at-arms to come
to him at London, before Christmas, under pain of cursing, that they might learn the
will of Heaven who should be king. This, therefore, the archbishop did, and upon
Christmas Eve were met together in London all the greatest princes, lords, and barons;
and long before day they prayed in St. Paul’s Church, and the archbishop besought
Heaven for a sign who should be lawful king of all the realm.
And as they prayed, there was seen in the churchyard, set straight before the
doorways of the church, a huge square stone having a naked sword stuck in the midst
of it. And on the sword was written in letters of gold, “Whoso pullet out the sword from
this stone is born the rightful King of Britain.”
At this, all the people wondered greatly; and, when Mass was over, the nobles,
knights, and princes ran out eagerly from the church to see the stone and sword, and
a law was forthwith made that whoso should pull out the sword should be
acknowledged straightway King of Britain.
Then, many knights and barons pulled at the sword with all their might, and
some of them tried many times, but none could stir or move it.
When all had tried in vain, the archbishop declared the man whom Heaven had
chosen was not yet there. “But God,” said he, “will doubtless make him known ere
many days.”
So ten knights were chosen, being men of high renown, to watch and keep the sword,
and there was proclamation made through all the land that whosoever would, had
leave and liberty to try and pull it from the stone. But though great multitudes of people
came, both gentle and simple, for many days, no man could ever move the sword a
hair’s breadth from its place.
Now at the New Year’s Eve, a great tournament was to be held in London, which the
archbishop had devised to keep together lords and commons, lest they should grow
estranged in the troublous and unsettled times. To the which tournament there came,
with many other knights, Sir Ector, Arthur’s foster-father, who had great possessions
near to London, and with him came his son, Sir Key, but recently made knight, to take
his part in jousting, and young Arthur also to witness all the sports and fighting.
But as they rode towards the jousts, Sir Key found suddenly he had no sword, for he
had left it at his father’s house; and turning to young Arthur, he prayed him to ride back
and fetch it for him. “I will with a good will,” said Arthur, and rode fast back after the
sword.
But when he came to the house he found it locked and empty, for all were gone forth
to see the tournament. Whereat, being angry and impatient, he said within himself, “I
will ride to the churchyard and take with me the sword that sticketh in the stone, for my
brother shall not go without a sword this day.”
So he rode and came to the churchyard, and alighting from his horse he tied him to
the gate, and went to the pavilion, which was pitched near the stone, wherein abode

45
the ten knights who watched and kept it, but he found no knights there, for all were
gone to see the jousting.
Then he took the sword by its handle, and lightly and fiercely he pulled it out of the
stone, and took his horse and rode until he came to Sir Key and delivered him the
sword. But as soon as Sir Key saw it, he knew well it was the sword of the stone, and
riding swiftly to his father, he cried out, “Lo! here, sir, is the sword of the stone,
wherefore it is I who must be king of all this land.”
When Sir Ector saw the sword, he turned back straight with Arthur and Sir Key and
came to the churchyard, and there alighting, they went all three into the church, and
Sir Key was sworn to tell truly how he came by the sword. Then he confessed it was
his brother Arthur who had brought it to him.
Whereat Sir Ector, turning to young Arthur, asked him – “How gottest thou the
sword?”
“Sir,” said he, “I will tell you. When I went home to fetch my brother’s sword, I found
nobody to deliver it to me, for all were abroad to the jousts. Yet was I loath to leave my
brother swordless, and, bethinking me of this one, I came hither eagerly to fetch it for
him, and pulled it out of the stone without any pain.”
Then said Sir Ector, much amazed and looking steadfastly on Arthur, “If this indeed
be thus, ‘tis thou who shalt be king of all this land – and God will have it so – for none
but he who should be rightful Lord of Britain might ever draw this sword from that stone.
But let me now with mine own eyes see thee put back the sword into its place and
draw it forth again.”
“That is no mystery,” said Arthur, and straightway set it in the stone. And then Sir Ector
pulled at it himself, and after him Sir Key, with all his might, but both of them in vain;
then Arthur reaching forth his hand and grasping at the pommel, pulled it out easily,
and at once.
Then fell Sir Ector down upon his knees upon the ground before young Arthur,
and Sir Key also with him, and straightway did him homage as their sovereign lord.
But Arthur cried aloud, “Alas! mine own dear father and my brother, why kneel ye thus
to me?”
“Nay, my Lord Arthur,” answered then Sir Ector, “we are of no blood-kinship with thee
and little though I thought how high thy kin might be, yet wast thou never more than
foster-child of mine.” And then he told him all he knew about his infancy, and how a
stranger had delivered him, with a great sum of gold, into his hands to be brought up
and nourished as his own born child, and then had disappeared.
But when young Arthur heard of it, he fell upon Sir Ector’s neck, and wept, and made
great lamentation, “For now,” said he, “I have in one day lost my father and my mother
and my brother.”
“Sir,” said Sir Ector presentlym, “when thou shalt be made king, be good and gracious
unto me and mine.”
“If not,” said Arthur, “I were no true man’s son at all, for thou art he in all the world to
whom I owe the most; and my good lady and mother, thy wife, hath ever kept and
fostered me as though I were her own; so if it be God’s will that I be king hereafter as
thou sayest, desire of me whatever thing thou wilt and I will do it; and God forbid that
I should fail thee in it.”
“I will but pray,” replied Sir Ector, “that thou wilt make my son Sir Key, thy fosterbrother,
seneschal of all the lands.”
“That shall he be, “said Arthur; “and never shall another hold that office, save
thy son, while he and I do live.” (Simoun Victor D. Rodoblaco, Brilliant Creations Publishing,

46
What’s More

Determine how the Arthurian themes are echoed in the work of 21 st century writer,
Alan Fenton. Then, identify how the writer uses characters, scenes, and imagery that
parallel the tales of King Arthur and his knights. Copy the table in your LITERATURE
ACTIVITY NOTEBOOK. Then, fill in the table that can be found after the story with
your answer.

CALL OF DESTINY (excerpt)

Alan Fenton

On the summit of a hill in the county of Somerset stands a solitary church tower,
bearing witness to the ferocity of nature and of man. It is all that survives of two
churches that once stood here. The first was destroyed by an earthquake, the second
by the command of Henry the Eight. As sunset approaches, subtle details of stone and
lichen, archway and niche, buttress and embrasure, are lost in the deepening
shadows. Silhouetted against the evening sky the stark stone mass of the tower
dominates the soft contours of the landscape, uniting earth and heaven.
A few yards from the base of the tower, on a mound that marks the crest of the Tor
two motionless figures stand, one taller than the other. Seen from the valley below,
their dark shapes loom, remote and mysterious. There is a haunting and powerful aura
about them, as if they were not people but primeval monoliths or statues of pagan
gods in an ancient burial ground. In some strange way they are beings apart, belonging
not to the present time, but to time itself.
The hill is otherwise deserted, as are the woods at its foot and the countryside
beyond.

47
 The red ball of the sun sinks below the horizon, the west wind that has gusted all
day is suddenly stilled. Not a sound, not even a breath of air, disturbs the silence.
Nothing stirs. In this hushed moment, the earth and all the planets that only an instant
before wheeled round the sun, seem to hang motionless in space.
Slowly the taller figures raises his hand, as if to release the world from its spell, then
touches the boy lightly on the shoulder. ‘Shall we go? It’s getting late.’ They begin
the descent. ‘Tell me more about him.’ says the boy.
‘He was a great leader,’ his older companion responds. ‘King of Britain, as they
called it then. When he came to the throne the country was under constant attack by
its enemies, both from outside and within.’
Down the steep track they jolt, each for a time absorbed in his own thoughts, the
boy’s head buzzing with questions.
‘But what exactly did he do?’
‘The world had gone mad. The king tried to bring it back to its senses, and restore
meaning to people’s lives. He wanted to give them courage and hope for the future.
But to do that he first had to impose order on chaos.’
“How do you mean, impose?’
The man nods approvingly. ‘You are right to question that word. He questioned it
too. The thought of using force troubled him. But after much heart searching he
decided that if mankind was to be saved, he had no other choice. He was given the
power to do it, you see, power so formidable that many thought he had been sent to
earth by God, or even that he himself was a divine being.’
‘And was he?’
‘No.’
‘So he was just an ordinary man?’
A brief silence. ‘He was a man, but no ordinary man. When he was young he found
it hard to believe he had a special destiny. He wanted to lead a fun life and have a
happy time, just as most people do. But as he grew older he came to understand
that he was not the same as other men, and that the road he would have to take
would be a different one.’
‘Because of the power he had?’
‘Yes. And because of the way he chose to use it.’
‘How do you mean?’
‘Other men would have used it for selfish ends, but not him. He decided to fight the
forces of darkness and chaos. He was a brave and cunning warrior; but he was also
much more than that, a philosopher and a visionary, a wise and humane individual,
gallant, just and honourable. Those who ruled by terror feared him. Those whom
they terrorised, worshipped him. And in return he loved and honoured them, the
ordinary men and women. He had a dream, a dream that one day the meek really
would inherit the earth. But he knew they could only do it with his help.’
‘Was there no one else they could turn to?’
‘No one else whom good men and women would follow, no other leader who had
the courage and strength of character to meet the challenge. Not that he was the
only one who saw the world descending into chaos; there were leaders in other lands
who feared for the future but were too weak, or too corrupt, or simply too afraid to
act. As everything around them disintegrated, resigned to self-destruction, accepting
that mankind was doomed. They had abandoned all hope of changing anything; they
no longer cared what happened. But he cared. He did everything in his power to
create a new world for mankind, a world based on love and respect and justice.’
‘And did he succeed?’
48
 ‘

For a while. Until things started to go wrong.’

49
 The boy is impatient. ‘But how? Why? I want to know everything.’
‘It’s a long story. Are you sure you want to hear it?’ asks the man, teasing his young
friend.
‘You know I do!’
A loving hand rests lightly on the boy’s head. ‘Then you shall.’
A mole of thought furrows the boy’s brow. ‘Is it just a story? or was there really such
a person?’
‘There was,’ says the man, adding tantalisingly, ‘and may be again.’ The boy looks
puzzled.
‘There are those who say that if ever he is needed, he will come again.’
The boy’s eyes shine. ‘What will he do?
In the twilight the first star shows itself. A pale silver of moon floats above the horizon.
‘Now there’s a question,’ the man says softly. ‘What will he do…? Well now, I
imagine he will try to save mankind, just as he did all those centuries ago. Lord
knows, we need saving.’
The boy nods in acknowledgement, though scarcely understanding.
‘You never told me his name.’
‘You know it already.’
‘I do?’

‘From the story books.’ the boy stands still and looks up at
his beloved mentor, puzzled.
The man looks fondly down. ‘You want a clue?’
‘Yes.’
‘You have the same name as that king.’
For a second or two the wide eyes dream, catching the starlight, then suddenly
sparkle as he laughs with delight. ‘Oh, that king!’ On an impulse he cups his hands
around his mouth and shatters the silence, crying out the name at the top of his
voice.
‘Arthur!’ https://www.alanfenton.co.uk/the-call-of-destiny-the-first-book-by-author-alan-
fenton/

The Miracle of the Sword Call of Destiny

and Stone
Characters
* protagonist Wart Arthur
* antagonist Madam Mim
Scenes After the King of England, Uther ‘Other men would have used
Pendragon, dies, leaving no heir it for selfish ends, but not
to the throne, a sword appears him. He decided to fight the
inside an anvil in London, with forces of darkness and
an inscription proclaiming that chaos. He was a brave and
whoever removes the sword is cunning warrior; but he was
also much more than that, a
the rightful King of England.
philosopher and a visionary,
a wise and humane
individual, gallant, just and
honourable. Those who ruled
50
 by terror feared him. Those
whom they terrorised,
worshipped him. And in
return he loved and
honoured them, the ordinary
men and women. He had a
dream, a dream that one day
the meek really
would inherit the earth. But
he knew they could only do it
with his help.’

Imagery “King Arthur the Young King” “King Arthur the Brave and
Honorable King”

What I Have Learned

Answer the questions below. Write your answers in your LITERATURE ACTIVITY
NOTEBOOK.

1. What is the moral of the story The Miracle of the Sword and Stone?
It's about learning to grow up and be a good guy. It's about understanding the forces
that are stronger than you, and those that are not.
2. What is the theme of The Miracle of the Sword and the Stone?
"There is only power. Power is of the individual mind, but the mind's power is not
enough. Power of the body decides everything in the end, and only Might is Right."

What I Can Do

As a volunteer for a charitable institution that services children in foster

care, you and your fellow volunteers are tasked to perform a play of a
folktale from the Brothers Grimm. The concept is to encourage the children to read
fairy tales and enlightened of their origins as stories. Your play must be less than 10
minutes, suitable for children, and must also have a part for audience interaction. You
will be peerevaluated by your other fellow volunteers using the rubric below.

PLAYWRITING RUBRIC
Exceeds Meets Working Below
Towards
PLOT makes sense. 4 3 2 1

51
 CHARACTERS are believable for the situation. They
are well-developed and have motivations for their 4 3 2 1
actions.
EXPOSITION provides enough background on the
4 3 2 1
characters and setting for the play to make sense.
Has a CONFLICT that gets introduced in the
4 3 2 1
INCITING INCIDENT.
Tension/suspense increases through
4 3 2 1
COMPLICATIONS in RISING ACTION
Has a CLIMAX that is the highest point of
4 3 2 1
suspense/tension or a turning point.
FALLING ACTION ties up loose ends and possibly
4 3 2 1
shows how the conflict is won or lost.
The RESOLUTION gives the play an ending that
includes a BUTTON at the end to give a feeling of 4 3 2 1
satisfaction or completion.
The play shows action rather than telling us about it. 4 3 2 1
The play can be produced on a stage in front of a live
4 3 2 1
audience.
Formatted correctly:
Includes a title and list of characters
Character names in ALL CAPS at the
beginning of the line of dialogue, followed by
a colon ( : )
Character names in ALL CAPS in stage 4 3 2 1
directions
Stage directions should be in parenthesis
and, if typed, italicized
New scenes begin if there is a change in
LOCATION or TIME
Adopted:

https://www.emsd63.org/cms/lib7/IL01906326/Centricity/Domain/225/PLAYWRITING%20RUBRI
C%20w%20Sample.pdf
Post assessment

Let’s check what you’ve learned from our lesson on European

literature. Answer each item below. Choose the correct answer, and write ONLY the
letter your answer in your LITERATURE ACTIVITY NOTEBOOK.

1. No other period in English literature displayed more variety in style, theme, and
content. What period is it?
A. Medieval B. Romantic C. Victorian D. Enlightenment

52
2. What period in European literature gives attention to detail and replicates the true
nature of reality?
A. Romantic B. Victorian C. Realism D. Naturalism

3. During this period, writers identify the underlying causes for a person’s actions or
beliefs; the environment played a large part in the narrative structure of their works.
A. Realism B. Naturalism C. Victorianism D. Imperialism

4. The ________ literary period uses crime and punishment as example of the
principles used in their work.
A. Realism B. Naturalism C. Imperialism D. Existentialism

5. Writers during this period are now free to try new concepts in writing like the use of
the unreliable narrator.
A. Naturalism B. Existentialism C. Modernism D. Naturalism

6. Who is Sir Kay’s squire?

A. Merlin B. Arthur C. His cousin D. Sir Ector

7. Which of the following is NOT a theme of The Miracle of the Sword and the Stone?
A. deception B. trust C. betrayal D. love

8. Why did Merlin wait to the very last minute to have Arthur pull the sword from the
stone?
A. To show everyone how smart he is
B. To show everyone Arthur was king
C. To prove that the Archbishop is very noble
D. To show that those arrogant men were weak

9. How does Arthur prove he is the rightful king of England?

A. by winning the tournament
B. he married the princess
C. by pulling the sword from the stone
D. by dividing the stone

10. Which of the following is the moral of the story The Miracle of the Sword and the
Stone?
A. Follow your instincts.
B. It's about recognizing other people’s powers.
C. Follow your destiny no matter what happens.
D. It's about how to grow up well and be a good person.

53
 Lesson

13 European Literature - II

Grade 12, First Semester, Q2 – Week 4

What I Need to Know

Congratulations! You are now in Lesson 13 of this module. In this lesson, you’re
going to continue your exploration in the continent of Europe.

In this Lesson, you are going to:

a. Compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres and their
elements, structures, and traditions from across the globe
(EN12Lit-IId-25)
b. Do self- and/or peer-assessment of the creative adaptation of a literary
text, based on rationalized criteria, prior to presentation.
(EN12Lit-IIij-31.3)

What I Know

Have you watched the movie adaptation of Harry Potter and the
Sorcerer’s Stone? Try to recall the movie and answer the questions below.
Write only the letter of the answer

_____1. How does Harry first learn that he is a wizard?

a. Dudley accidentally lets it slip
b. He reads about it in the Daily Prophet
c. The Dursleys tell him when he is eight
d. Hadgrid has to track him down to tell him

_____2. Where does Harry live in the Dursley’s home?

a. with Dudley
b. in the guest house
54
c. in a cupboard under the stairs
d. in Mr. and Mrs. Dursley’s room

_____3. Who decides where the children will be housed at Hogwarts?

a. The Sorting Broom
b. Albus Dumbledore
c. The Sorting Hat
d. Each child decides for himself or herself

_____4. How do the children wants to get rid of Hagrid’s dragon?

a. They poison it.
a. They bring it up to the top of the tallest tower and push it off
c. They bring it up to the top of the tallest tower and give it to Voldermort
d. They bring it up to the top of the tallest tower and give it to Ron’s older brother’s
friends

_____5. Who is Fluffy?

a. Harry’s own dragon
b. Hagrid’s dog
c. Dumbledore’s pet snake
d. Hagrid’s three-headed dog

_____6. Which teacher is trying to steal the Sorcerer’s Stone?

a. Quirrell
b. Snape
c. Dumbledore
d. McGonagall

_____7. To whom does the Sorcerer’s Stone belong?

a. Harry
b. Hagrid
c. Voldermort
d. Nicolas Flamel

_____8. What does Harry see when he looks in the Mirror of Erised for the first time?
a. His parents
b. A Quidditch trophy
c. The Sorcerer’s Stone
d. Himself as an old, wise wizard

_____9. Who actually puts the curse on Harry during the Quidditch match?
a. Quirrell
b. Snape
c. Malfoy
d. Nicolas Flamel
55
_____10. What do the first two initials in J.K. Rowling’s name stand for?
a. Jenna Kate
b. Jennifer King
c. Joan Kinsey
d. Joanna Kathleen

What’s In

In Lesson 12, you were introduced to European literature through the story The
Miracle of the Sword and Stone which tells about how the precocious young man
became King Arthur, the ruler of England. Now, check what you’ve learned from the
lesson.

Create a timeline to note the important periods in European literature as written in

Lesson 5. A sample timeline template is given, but you may create your own.

What’s New
Name a character in a movie or story which you can relate with each word below.
Write your answers in your LITERATURE ACTIVITY NOTEBOOK.
Example: HERO - SUPERMAN

1. HERO - ______________
2. MENTOR - ______________
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 3. LOYAL COMPANION - ______________
4. EXPLORER - ______________
5. LOVER - ______________
6. MAGICIAN - ______________
7. INNOCENT - ______________
8. BULLY - ______________
9. RULER - ______________
10. EVIL GENIUS - ______________

Archetypes are universal symbols that encapsulate the collectivelyinherited

unconscious idea, pattern of thought, image, etc., that is, universally present in people.
Psychologist Carl Gustav Jung described several archetypes that are based in the
observation of differing but repeating patterns of thought and action that reappear time
and again across people, countries and continents.

The following are information on the different archetypes for characters.

What Is It

Eight Male Archetypes

Chief Leader, tough; decisive; goal-oriented; over-bearing; top

of his field
Bad boy Rebel; the boy from the wrong side of the track; bitter;
crash idealist; charismatic, street-smart, hates authority
The best friend Kind, responsive, decent, regular, Mr. Nice Guy; doesn’t
enjoy confrontation, values teamwork
Charmer Fun, irresistible; not too responsible or dependable;
rouge, not crazy about hard work
The lost soul Tortured, secretive, unforgiving; vulnerable, creative but
loner
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 The professor Logical, introverted, inflexible, boring; genuine about
feelings, honest, faithful
The swashbuckler Man of action, physical endearing, fearless, explorer
The warrior Reluctant rescuer, knight-in-shining-armor; relentless,
hero, doesn’t go along to get along

Eight Female Archetypes

Boss Leader; tough; decisive; goal-oriented; over-bearing; top
of her field
The Survivor Sizing up everyone, mysterious, manipulative, tough
The spunky kid Rebel; bitter; crash idealist; charismatic, street-smart,
hates authority
The Free Spirit Fun, irresistible, not too responsible or dependable;
rouge, not crazy about hard work
The waif Damsel in distress; childlike innocence
The librarian Proper but with underlying passion
The crusader Woman of action, physical endearing, fearless, explorer
The nurturer Takes care of everyone
(https://www.scribd.com/document/412634387/21st-Century-Literature-of-the-Philippines-and-ofthe-
World-1)

Read the summary of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone below and do the
activities that follow.

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone

J.K. Rowling

Mr. Dursley, a well-off Englishman, notices strange happenings on his way to work
one day. That night, Albus Dumbledore, the head of a wizardry academy called
Hogwarts, meets Professor McGonagall, who also teaches at Hogwarts, and a giant
named Hagrid outside the Dursley home. Dumbledore tells McGonagall that someone
named Voldemort has killed a Mr. and Mrs. Potter and tried unsuccessfully to kill their
baby son, Harry. Dumbledore leaves Harry with an explanatory note in a basket in
front of the Dursley home.
Ten years later, the Dursley household is dominated by the Dursley’s son, Dudley,
who torments and bullies Harry. Dudley is spoiled, while Harry is forced to sleep in a
cupboard under the stairs. At the zoo on Dudley’s birthday, the glass in front of a boa
constrictor exhibit disappears, frightening everyone. Harry is later punished for this
incident.
Mysterious letters begin arriving for Harry. They worry Mr. Dursley, who tries to keep
them from Harry, but the letters keep arriving through every crack in the house. Finally,
he flees with his family to a secluded island shack on the eve of Harry’s eleventh
birthday. At midnight, they hear a large bang on the door and Hagrid enters. Hagrid
hands Harry an admissions letter to the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardy.
Harry learns that the Dursleys have tried to deny Harry’s wizardry all these years.

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 The next day, Hagrid takes Harry to London to shop for school supplies. First they go
to the wizard bank, Gringotts, where Harry learns that his parents have left him a hefty
supply of money. They shop on the wizard’s commercial street known as Diagon Alley,
where Harry is fitted for his school uniform. Harry buys books, ingredients for potions,
and, finally, a magic wand – the companion wand to the evil Voldemort’s.
A month later, Harry goes to the train station and catches his train to Hogwarts on
track nine and three quarters. On the train, Harry befriends other first-year students
like Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, a Muggle girl chosen to attend Hogwarts.
At school, the first- years take turns putting on the “Sorting Hat” to find out in which
residential house they will live. Harry fears being assigned to the sinister Slytherin
house, but he, Ron, and Hermione end up in the noble Gryffindor house.
As the school year gets underway, Harry discovers that his Potions professor, Snape,
does not like him. Hagrid reassures Harry that Snape has no reason to dislike him.
During their first flying lesson on broomsticks, the students are told to stay grounded
while the teacher takes an injured boy named Neville to the hospital. Draco Malfoy, a
Slytherin bully, snatches Neville’s prized toy and flies off with it to the top of a tree.
Harry flies after him. Malfoy throws the ball in the air, and Harry speeds downward,
making a spectacular catch. Professor McGonagall witnesses this incident. Instead of
punishing Harry, she commends that he play Quidditch, a much-loved game that
resembles soccer played on broomsticks, for Gryffindor. Later that day, Malfoy
challenges Harry to a wizard’s duel at midnight. Malfoy doesn’t show up at the
appointed place, and Harry almost gets in trouble. While trying to hide, he accidentally
discovers a fierce three-headed dog guarding a trapdoor in the forbidden third-floor
corridor.
On Halloween, a troll is found in the building. The students are all escorted back to
their dormitories, but Harry and Ron sneak off to find Hermione, who is alone and
unaware of the troll. Unwittingly, they lock the troll in the girl’s bathroom along with
Hermione. Together, they defeat the troll. Hermione tells a lie to protect Harry and Ron
from being punished. During Harry’s first Quidditch match, his broom jerks out of
control. Hermione notices Snape staring at Harry and muttering a curse. She
concludes that he is jinxing Harry’s broom, and she sets Snape’s clothes on fire. Harry
regains control of the broom and makes a spectacular play to win the Quidditch match.
For Christmas, Harry receives his father’s invisibility cloak, and he explores the school,
unseen, late at night. He discovers the Mirror of Erised, which displays the deepest
desire of whoever looks in it. Harry looks in it and sees his parents alive. After
Christmas, Harry, Ron, and Hermione, begin to unravel the mysterious connection
between a break-in at Gringotts and the three-headed guard dog. They learn that the
dog is guarding the Sorcerer’s Stone, which is capable of providing eternal life and
unlimited wealth to its owner and belongs to Nicolas Flamel, Dumbledore’s old partner.
A few weeks later, Hagrid wins a dragon egg in a poker game. Because it is illegal to
own dragons, Harry, Ron, and Hermione contact Ron’s older brother, who studies
dragons. They arrange to get rid of the dragon, Fluffy, but get caught. Harry, Ron, and
Hermione are severely punished, and Gryffindor is docked 150 points. Furthermore,
part of their punishment is to go into the enchanted forest with Hagrid to find out who
has been killing unicorns recently. In the forest, Harry comes upon a hooded man
drinking unicorn blood. The man tries to attack Harry, but Harry is rescued by a friendly
centaur who tells him that his assailant was Voldemort. Harry also learns that it is
Voldemort who has been trying to steal the Sorcerer’s Stone.

59
 Harry decides that he must find the stone before Voldemort does. He, Ron, and
Hermione sneak off that night to the forbidden third-floor corridor. They get past the
guard dog and perform many impressive feats as they get closer and closer to the
stone. Harry ultimately finds himself face to face with Quirrell, who announces that
Harry must die. Knowing that Harry desires to find the stone, Quirrell puts Harry in
front of the Mirror of Erised and makes him state what he sees. Harry sees himself
with the stone in his pocket, and at that same moment he actually fells it in his pocket.
But he tells Quirrell that he sees something else. A voice tells Quirrell that the boy is
lying and requests to speak to Harry face to face. Quirrell removes his turban and
reveals Voldemort’s face on the back of his head. Voldemort, who is inhabiting
Quirrell’s body, instructs Quirrell to kill Harry, but Quirrell is burned by contact with the
boy. A struggle ensues and Harry passes out.
When Harry regains consciousness, he is in the hospital with Dumbledore.
Dumbledore explains that he saved Harry from Quirrell just in time. He adds that he
and Flamel have decided to destroy the stone. Harry heads down to the end-of-year
banquet, where Slytherin is celebrating its seventh consecutive win of the house
championship cup. Dumbledore gets up and awards many last-minute points to
Gryffindor for the feats of Harry and his friends, winning the house cup for Gryffindor.
Harry returns to London to spend the summer with the Dursleys. ("Sparknotes: Harry
Potter And The Sorcerer’S Stone: Plot Overview" 2020)

What’s More

Based on the given information on the different archetypes for characters, use the
table below to specify which character in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone
subscribes to the given archetype.

Eight Male Archetypes

Chief
Bad boy
The best friend
Charmer
The lost soul
The professor
The swashbuckler
The warrior

Eight Female Archetypes

Boss
The Survivor
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 The spunky kid
The Free Spirit
The waif
The librarian
The crusader
The nurturer

What I have learned

Answer the questions below. Write your answers in your LITERATURE

ACTIVITY NOTEBOOK.

1. What is the main message of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone?
It highlights the virtue of humility by demonstrating the exceptional modesty of its
hero and making this modesty an important part of Harry's achievement in getting
the Sorcerer's Stone.__________
2. What life’s lessons does Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone teach?
The key message of the story is that you do not judge others on the grounds of
looks. By this I mean what kind of people they look like, but also their acts. Often
people have secrets you just don't expect. Harry assumed that Snape had come out
to get him because he treated him poorly, because he looked strange.______

What I Can Do

Using your knowledge about the archetypes found in Harry Potter and
the Sorcerer’s Stone, write a critical paper about the impact of the
archetypes to the story. Your paper will be rated based on the rubric
below.

Criteria Description Score

10 points 7 points 4 points
There is a well-developed Introduction creates Introduction
Introduction introduction with an attention interest. Thesis states adequately explains
grabber that gets the reader’s the position. the background,
and conclusion
interest and continues to engage Conclusion effectively but may lack detail.
(Background
the reader up until the thesis summarizes the topic Thesis states the
history/ Thesis
statement) statement. The thesis statement topic, but key
should clearly state the elements are
experience or event that will be missing.
described as well as the effect
on the writer. Conclusion should
effectively wrap up and re-stress
the importance of thesis.

61
 Main points Well-developed main Three or more main Three or more
(Body points/topic sentences that points relate to the main points are
paragraphs) relate directly to the thesis. thesis, but some may present, but lack
Supporting examples are lack details. The analysis details in describing
concrete and detailed. The shows events from the the event. Little
analysis is developed with an author’s point of view, descriptive
effective point of view. but could use more language is used.
descriptive language.
Organization Logical progression of ideas with Logical progression of Organization is
(Structure and a clear structure that enhances ideas. Transitions are clear. Transitions
Transition) the thesis. Transitions are present throughout the are present at
effective and vary throughout essay, but lacks variety times, but there is
the paragraph, not just in the very little variety.
topic sentence.
Style Writing is smooth, skilful, and Writing is clear and Writing is clear, but
(Sentence flow, coherent. Sentences are strong sentences have varied could use a little
variety and expressive with varied structure. Diction is more sentence
, diction) structure. Diction is consistent consistent. variety to make the
and words are well-chosen. writing more
interesting.
Mechanics Punctuation, spelling, and Punctuation, spelling, There are only a
(Spelling, capitalization are all correct. No and capitalization are few(3-4) errors in
punctuation, errors. generally correct with punctuation,
capitalization) few errors(1-2). spelling, and
capitalization.
Score /50
Adopted: https://www.scribd.com/document/412634387/21st-Century-Literature-of-the-
Philippinesand-of-the-World-1

Post assessment

Let’s check what you’ve learned. Answer each item below. Write only the letter
of the correct answer in your LITERATURE ACTIVITY NOTEBOOK.

_____1. How does Harry first learn that he is a wizard?

a. Dudley accidentally lets it slip
b. He reads about it in the Daily Prophet
c. The Dursleys tell him when he is eight
d. Hadgrid has to track him down to tell him

_____2. Where does Harry live in the Dursley’s home?

a. with Dudley
b. in the guest house
c. in a cupboard under the stairs
d. in Mr. and Mrs. Dursley’s room

_____3. Who decides where the children will be housed at Hogwarts?

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a. The Sorting Broom
b. Albus Dumbledore
c. The Sorting Hat
d. Each child decides for himself or herself

_____4. How do the children wants to get rid of Hagrid’s dragon?

a. They poison it.
b. They bring it up to the top of the tallest tower and push it off
c. They bring it up to the top of the tallest tower and give it to Voldermort
d. They bring it up to the top of the tallest tower and give it to Ron’s older brother’s
friends

_____5. Which teacher is trying to steal the Sorcerer’s Stone?

a. Quirrell
b. Snape
c. Dumbledore
d. McGonagall

_____7. To whom does the Sorcerer’s Stone belong?

a. Harry
b. Hagrid
c. Voldermort
d. Nicolas Flamel

_____8. Who is Fluffy?

a. Harry’s own dragon
b. Hagrid’s dog
c. Dumbledore’s pet snake
d. Hagrid’s three-headed dog

_____9. What does Harry see when he looks in the Mirror of Erised for the first time?
a. His parents
b. A Quidditch trophy
c. The Sorcerer’s Stone
d. Himself as an old, wise wizard

_____9. Who actually puts the curse on Harry during the Quidditch match?
a. Quirrell
b. Snape
c. Malfoy
d. Nicolas Flamel

63
_____10. What do the first two initials in J.K. Rowling’s name stand for?
a. Jenna Kate
b. Jennifer King
c. Joan Kinsey
d. Joanna Kathleen

64