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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

A
Project Report
On
DIGITAL WATER METER WITH
LEAKAGE DETECTION
Submitted By

BHUVAN GUPTA (13)


PRASHANT U. CHAVAN (65)
NITIN B. DANGE (29)

Under The Guidance Of

PROF.T.B. MOHITE PATIL

H.O.D PRINCIPAL
PROF.A.N.JADHAV Dr. S.K. KUDARI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING


D. Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
KOLHAPUR
SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY,KOLHAPUR
2009-2010

CERTIFICATE
D. Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 1
DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

This is to certify that

BHUVAN GUPTA (13)


PRASHANT U. CHAVAN (65)
NITIN B. DANGE (29)

Of B.E. Electronics Engineering has satisfactorily


completed the project-1 work
Entitled

DIGITAL WATER METER WITH


LEAKAGE DETECTION
towards the partial fulfillment of bachelor’s degree in Electronics
Engineering as per the rules laid down by the
SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY,KOLHAPUR
For the year 2009-10(Semester 1)
This project represents bonafide work of the students.

PROF.T.B.M
OHITE PATIL PROF.S.B.PATIL
(PROJECT GUIDE) (PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR)

PROF. A.N.JADHAV Dr. S.K .KUDARI


(H.O.D ELECTRONICS DEPT) (PRINCIPAL)

D. Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2


DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

INDEX

 Introduction
 Literature/Current method of tackling the problem
 General explanation of the project
1) Construction
2) Operation
 Block diagram and its explanation
 Circuit diagrams in detail
 PCB design(Layout)
 Conclusion
 References

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

INTRODUCTION

In a country like ours with a billion plus population nothing is


sufficient. It takes a toll on government to provide even the basic
necessities efficiently. The most pressing situation, rather one of the
most basic is WATER related issues. As we are well aware of the fact
that almost all parts of India are Monsoon dependent which in turns
causes too much dependency on the same and leads to unpredictable
situations. Every single drop of water counts and this is the high time
to acknowledge this on a serious note.

Therefore bearing all these facts in mind we consider it as our


moral responsibility towards society and government to provide a
unique as well as efficient solution.

Finally after doing a lot of case studies and survey in this


regard ,we have modified the present analog water meter in practice
which will address to all water related issues whether it is ambiguity in
billing, water leaks in pipelines or water thefts and also adds flexibility
transforming it to a technologically superior device.

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

Literature/current method of tackling the


problem:
As per the recent survey done, we have found that two types of
meter in practice here in Kolhapur. First is named kranti and is having
a needle and simple meter readout like the ones we use to have in
vehicles.every single block provide readings for different places, 1st
shows for units place, 2nd for tens place and so on. The other one
named Chambal, is having single needle as well, but inspite of simple
meter readout it is having small odometers. Each odometer will refer
to specific place(units,tens,thousands and so on).As manual
observations are required sometimes it may lead to erroneous
readings.
The leakage sensors are not yet implemented. As leakage sensor
will help us to save the water. This is a step towards saving water
which is of prime necessity nowadays.
Our project intends to answer all the questions pertaining to
water mismanagement for rural as well as urbane population with the
following:

1) Effective and transparent billing as digitizing the analog


meter in practice.
2) Technologically Superior as using SMART CARD and GSM based
services.
3) Accurate Detection of leaks by using state- of the-art leakage
detectors.

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

GENERAL EXPLAINATION OF PROJECT:

Construction & Operation

Here we are using electronic valve which is operated on 12V dc


to turn ON & turn OFF the valve, relay is used as a switch.

As relay requires 12V dc supply & 35 mA of current, hence we


are using ULN 2803 as an interfacing circuit to interface between
relay and the microcontroller.

Flow sensor is a mechanical assembly which consists of turbine.


On this turbine a shaft with a metallic disc is mounted.whenever this
shaft rotates disc also rotates.

We are using optointerrupter to interface microcontroller with


flow sensor. Also optointerrupter is used to generate pulses.

Here we are also using EEPROM which works as a smart card


which is used to store database of a particular customer and records of
entire present as well as previous transactions.

GSM modem is used to provide the pre or E-RECHARGE to a


customer which adds flexibility to our project. MAX 232C is used as
a serial interfacing circuit to make GSM modem compatible with
microcontroller.

We are using 16*2 display which displays 16 characters and 2 rows.

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

BLOCK DIAGRAM

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

EXPLANATION OF INDIVIDUAL
BLOCKS
VALVE:

The pipe is being used to provide water flow. On this pipe


electronic valve operating on 12v dc is provided which is
controlled with the help of microcontroller.

RELAY & DRIVER CIRCUIT:

As microcontroller signal can`t be directly given to valve and


in order to operate the valve we are using relay as a switch. But
relay require 12V DC supply and 35mA current. The
microcontroller can`t provide the required values of current and
voltages so in order to provide the required values the driver circuit
is used in the form of ULN2803. This driver circuit is operating at
the range of +6V to +15V.

FLOW SENSOR:

The flow sensor is a mechanical assembly which consists of


turbine that rotates due to pressure generated by the water flow. On
this turbine shaft is mounted. The metallic disk with a small hole is
mounted on the shaft.

INTERFACING CIRCUIT:

The opto-interrupter is used as an interfacing circuit between


the flow sensors and microcontroller. This circuit is having two

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

ends as a transmitter and receiver. Infrared LED is used as a


transmitter and the phototransistor is used as a receiver. The opto-
interrupter will be enclosing the metallic disk with a small hole
which will be rotating with the shaft. If IR-LED emits light and
encounters with the hole the light will fall on the base of the photo-
transistor and it will start conducting giving 0V at the output. It is
because collector and emitter get base of photo-transistor and we
will get 5V at the output. This is because collector is directly
connected to 5V supply. The pluses will be generated due to the
action carried by opto-interrupter on the metallic disk.

SMART CARD:

EEPROM is used as a SMART CARD which will be storing


the information of the individual customer. From which we can get
customer’s entire data as and when required.

GSM MODEM:

GSM-MODEM is used to provide the E-RECHARGE to a


customer whenever he is willing to. Here to interface GSM-
MODEM & MICROCONTROLLER we are using serial
communication circuit in the form of MAX 232 serial circuit.

LCD DISPLAY:

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

We are using 16*2 LCD display in order to display the


amount of water used by the customer.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS IN DETAIL:

POWER SUPPLY:

U 2 7 8 0 5 + 5 V
D 2I N 4 0 0 7
1 3
V I N V O U T
G N D

D 1I N 4 0 0 7 + C 4 D 5
C 3 1 0 u F
L E D
2

J 3 + C 1 0 . 1 u F
2
1 D 3I N 4 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 u F 2 5 V

R 7
C O N 2 U 57 8 1 2 + 1 2 V 3 3 0 E
D 4I N 4 0 0 7
1 3
V I N V O U T
G N D

+ C 8
C 7 1 0 u F
2

0 . 1 u F

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

MICROCONTROLLER & LCD DISPLAY:

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

J 1 0 C +7 59 V + 5 V
4 0 . 1 u F + 5 V
3 J L6 C D
2 S C L 1 R 1 + 5 V
1 S D A 1 1
C 6 1 0 K 2
J 5 U 8 4 9 C 5 2 0 . 1 u F 3
C O N 4 2 L C D 4 _ R S
1 5
J 8 L1S C 1 4 0 L C D 6 _ R W
1 C O N 2S
A2 D P1 1 . 0 V C 3 9C D X _ 0 7
2 3 P 1 .P 1 0 .3 0 8 / AD D X 0_ 1 8
3 4 P 1 .P 2 0 . 3 1 7 / AD D X 1_ 2 9
4 5 P 1 .P 3 0 . 3 2 6 / AD D X 2_ 3 1 0
5 6 P 1 .P 4 0 . 3 3 5 / AD D X 3_ 4 1 1
7 P 1 .P 5 0 . 3 4 4 / AD D X 4_ 5 1 2
8 P 1 .P 6 0 . 3 5 3 / AD D X 5_ 6 1 3
C O N 5 R E S 9 EP T1 .P 7 0 . 3 6 2 / AD D X 6_ 7 1 4
R 1 O U T 1 0R S PT 0 . 3 7 1 / AE DA 7 1 5
T 1 I N 1 1P 3 . 0 E/ R 3A X0 D + 5 V 1 6
O P T I C A L S E N S O R 1 2P 3 . 1 A/ T L 2 X E9 D R 3 3 3 E
R E L 1A 3P Y 3 1 . 2P / SI 2 N E 8 T N L0 C D _ R W
R E L 1A 4P Y 3 2 . P 3 2/ I . 2 N 7 7 / T A L1 1C 5 D _ R S
1 5P 3 . P 4 2/ T . 2 60 6 / A B 1 U 4 Z Z E R
1 6P 3 . P 5 2/ T . 2 51 5 / A 1 3
1 7P 3 . P 6 2/ W . 2 4 4 R/ A 1 2 U 8
1 8P 3 . P 7 2/ R . 2 3 D3 / A 1 1
1 9X 2 P 2 .2 2 2 / A 1 0 5 4
Y 1 1 . 0 52 9 0X 2 1 P 2 2. 1 1 / A 9 6 S DG A N3 D
G N PD 2 . 0 / A 8 7 S C A L 22
8 W PA 11
+ 5 V V C A C0

C 6 0
C 1 0 C 1 1 0 . 2 1 4 u CF 0 2 / S O 8
3 3 P F 3 3 P F

PULL UP RESISTOR ARRAY:

+ 5 V

D X _ 0 2 1
D X _ 1 3
D X _ 2 4 R 8
D X _ 3 5
D X _ 4 6 1 0 K S I P
D X _ 5 7
D X _ 6 8
D X _ 7 9
E A 1 0

RELAY & RELAY DRIVER CIRCUIT

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

U 7
R E L A Y 1 1 1 8 R 1 40 7 0 E D 6 L E D + 1 2 V
2 I N 1 O U 1T 71
R E L A Y 2 3 I N 2 O U 1T 62
4 I N 3 O U 1T 53
5 I N 4 O U 1T 44
6 I N 5 O U 1T 35 L S 1 J 9
7 I N 6 O U 1T 26
8 I N 7 O U 1T 17 + 1 2 V 5 1
9 I N 8 O U 1T 08 3 2
G N CD O M + 1 2 V 4 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

U L N 2 8 0 3 2
R 1 6 C O N 3
1 0 K
R E L A Y S P D T

R 2 40 7 0 E D 1 L6 E D + 1 2 V
1

+ 5 V

L S 2 J 1 9

+ 1 2 V 5 1
3 2
4 3
1
2
C O N 3

R E L A Y S P D T

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

SERIAL COMMUNICATION INTERFACING CIRCUIT

+ 5 V + 5 V

10
+ C 1 5
1 0 U u M F6 A X 2 3 2 A 1
C 1 6 6
1 1 6 0 . 1 u F 2
C +1 4 + V 2 C 1 V + C1 5C T 2 O7 U T
3 V + G 1N 4 D 3 P 1
1 0 u F 4 C 1T - 1 1O 3 U T 8
5 C 2 R + 11 I2 N + V 4 C O N D B 9 M
C 1+ 3 6 C 2R - 1 1 O 1 U T 9
1 0 u F T 27 VO - U T T 1 1 I 0N 5
8 T 2 OT 2 U9 I NT
R 2 R I N2 O U T
11
+ C 1 2
1 0 u F

P 3 . 0 / R X D

P 3 . 1 / T X D

PCB DESIGN (LAYOUT)

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

DATASHEETS:

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

CONCLUSION:
D. Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 16
DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

Till now we have completed Power supply design for 5V(i.e. for
microcontroller) and for 12V(i.e. for relay).Moreover we have also
programmed LCD display with the help of microcontroller to display
a certain message. This whole assembly is made on the general
purpose board.

REFERENCES:

1. Google.com
2. Wireless A to Z
-by Nathan J. Muller
3. 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems
-by MAZIDI and MAZIDI.
4. 8051 microcontroller by Kenneth Ayala.
5. www.wikipedia.com
6. www.embetronics.com
7. www.BEPROJECTS.com
8. www.Projectidea.com

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

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