DiskPro Clone-n-Recover Edition

User's Guide
*** TABLE OF CONTENTS ***
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Purpose of DiskPro Clone-n-Recover edition
1.2 Operating System independence
1.3 Terminology
1.4 Before using DiskPro
2.0 Using DiskPro software
2.1 Setting up DiskPro diskette
2.2 Running the DiskPro software
2.2.1 Copying to a disk of same size or same class
2.2.2 Copying to a larger disk
3.0 Examples
Example 1: from 850MB to 850MB
Example 2: from 850MB to 2.0GB
Example 3: from 1.6GB to 3.1GB
4.0 DiskPro Main Menu Walk Through
5.0 Clone-n-Recover
5.1 Cloning one hard disk to another
5.1.1 Hardware setup
5.1.2 Before Cloning
5.1.3 Running DiskPro software
5.1.4 After Cloning
5.2 Testing the clone disk
5.2.1 Rules for Straight-forward Recovery
5.2.2 Rules for General Recovery
5.3 Recovering from a Clone Disk
6.0 Disk Duplicator
7.0 Adding more partitions - Upgrade a Hard Disk
8.0 Other Issues
8.1 Bad Sector handling
8.2 Anti-Virus Protection
8.3 UNIX or Non-Microsoft operating system
9.0 Troubleshooting Q&A
APPENDICES
Hardware Section
Appendix A: Hard Disk Classes
Appendix B: Master/Slave setting on IDE hard disk
Appendix C: BIOS and Enhanced BIOS
Appendix D: CMOS hard disk parameters
Appendix E: SCSI Hard Disk
Software Section
Appendix F: Disk Manager
Appendix G: DriveSpace or Stacker
F.I.T. Hardware Options
Appendix H: F.I.T. TransPorter and Internal Removable HD Kit
Appendix I: F.I.T. TransDisk 3000
Appendix J: Hard Disks Supported by F.I.T. Parallel Port Devices
1.0 Introduction
SUBJECT:>>> What is DiskPro
DiskPro Clone-n-Recover edition brings a whole new standard
to disk disaster recovery, and backup, which is more reliable and
provides a true quick recovery when disaster strikes your system hard
disk. Furthermore, DiskPro can turn your PC into an inexpensive
hard disk duplicator easily.
DiskPro comes with different packaging, software only, or
software bundled with F.I.T. Internal Removable rack or Parallel Port
devices. The bundled hardware can make the cloning and recovering a
breeze without tangling with hardware. See the F.I.T. Hardware
options section of the appendices for details.
1.1 Purpose of DiskPro software
DiskPro provides solutions for
* Clone and Recover
Provides a quick recovery when hard disk (HD) crashes
* Inexpensive Multiple Disk Duplicator
Turn your PC into a HD duplicator anytime anywhere
DiskPro also provides limited hard drive upgrade capability.
However, DiskPro does not enlarge a partition when you copy a
smaller hard disk to a larger one. You must use FDISK or System
Administrator Utility to add more partition to utilize the extra space.
F.I.T.'s DiskPro HD Upgrader edition is a better solution for
upgrading a hard drive. The HD Upgrader edition can copy a hard
disk and enlarge the partition to fit the target disk. There is no need to
create an additional partition to utilize the extra space.
1.2 Operating System Independence (Why not GUI?)
The DiskPro interface is very easy-to-use. DiskPro runs on any
DOS bootable PC, regardless of your Operating System types: DOS,
Windows 3.x, Windows95/98, NT, UNIX, SCO, LINUX, etc. It is
recommended to run DiskPro off a floppy drive when cloning. The
text-oriented menu requires very little system resources and is easy to
follow. The resource intensive GUI is not needed for DiskPro.
1.3 Terminology
* Source Disk (or Source Drive, or Source hard disk)
is the drive from which the original data is to be copied.
* Target Disk (or Clone Disk, or Target Drive, Destination Drive)
is the drive to which the original data is to be copied.
* Cloning
is an operation that data on a Source Disk is copied,
sector by sector, to a Target disk.
* Target System
is the PC where the Target disk is to be used.
<<<
1.4 Before using DiskPro
SUBJECT:>>> Before using DiskPro
Before running DiskPro software, you should make sure that
the target HD works in the target system and works with other
chained drives if you connect multiple drives in one port, i.e., all
hardware compatibility problems should be cleared. It is strongly
recommended, if possible, to place the target disk where the current
boot drive is, and set current boot drive to slave, or on secondary IDE
channel. Refer to your hard disk manufacturer's Installation Guide for
setting up hard disk properly.
Basically, there are two types of compatibility problems: (1) a drive
may not work well with an IDE/ATAPI or SCSI port, (2) different
brands or types of drives may not work together under one port.
Refer to Hardware section of the Appendices for details.
<<<
2.0 Using DiskPro software
SUBJECT:>>> Set up and Using DiskPro software - A Quick Guide
Do not use DiskPro software unless you read the Software
License Agreement and agree to become bound by the terms of the
Software License Agreement. By using the Software, you accept its
terms and conditions.
2.1 Setting up DiskPro diskette
To ensure that the entire disk is cloned completely, DiskPro
must run from a clean environment. When you boot up with a
DiskPro bootable diskette, your system will have a clean environment,
i.e., free of background tasks, driver programs, etc.
The following setup procedure makes your DiskPro diskette
bootable. DiskPro software is recommended to run off a floppy drive.
DiskPro software is not copied to your hard drive.
1. Find a bootable DOS or Windows95 PC.
2. Boot up the PC and go to DOS prompt.
3. Insert the DiskPro diskette into A:
4. Go to A: drive (at the prompt, type A: <enter>)
5. At A: prompt, type SETUP <enter>
When you run DiskPro software, insert DiskPro diskette into
A:, reboot, and enter DISKPRO at the DOS prompt. Even though
your current system may not be DOS based e.g., NT, UNIX, SCO,
you still can run DiskPro software provided that your system can boot
from the diskette.
If your boot diskette is made from Windows 95 or 98, you may
see "Starting Windows 95 ..." message when booting from the
diskette. Just continue.
Note: If your system does not boot from A: drive, make sure
that the setting of boot sequence in CMOS is "A:, C:".
2.2 Running the DiskPro software
This section shows what DiskPro commands to use when
copying hard drives. If you are not familiar with the hard disk setup
issues, such as, master/slave mode, CMOS setup, [c/h/s] setting, or
LBA mode, you should read the hardware section in Appendices first
before running the DiskPro software. Examples are also given in
chapter 3 for reference.
2.2.1 Copying to a disk of same size or same class
In this case, you should have both hard drives in the same size
or class category with the same [head/sector] numbers. If not, you
should use the recommended procedure in the next section of
"Copying to a larger hard drive".
After you see the DiskPro main menu, follow the recommended procedure below.
* You should use option 3 to list all hard drives and check if the
displayed capacity matches the actual capacity. If not, you need to
change the CMOS to show the correct capacity. Refer to the hard
disk manufacturer's Installation Guide for correct setup.
* Optionally, you can also use option 4 to verify which ID is
assigned to each hard disk by observing the hard disk LED
flashing. For the Internal hard drives, you may see both master
and slave drives flashing while one is selected. Refer to the
"Master/Slave setting ..." of the Appendix section.
* Use option 1, "EXPRESS Cloning" for copying one hard disk to
another with same size or in same class, refer to the hadware
section of Appendices. In this case, no [cyln/head/sector]
conversion is required when the target disk is used. The
EXPRESS Cloning does not make such conversion.
*** Note that if the [head/sector] numbers in the source and target disks are
not the same, you should use command option 24 to make a conversion on
the target disk after cloning is completed successfully. Alternatively, you
can use "CUSTOM Cloning", instead of "EXPRESS Cloning" to enable
the conversion before cloning.
* Check the on-screen report or the saved report file after finish.
2.2.2 Copying to a larger disk
After you see the DiskPro main menu, follow the
recommended procedure below.
* You should use option 3 to list all hard drives and check if the
displayed capacity matches the actual capacity. If not, you need to
change the CMOS to show the correct capacity. Refer to the hard
disk manufacturer's Installation Guide for correct setup.
* Optionally, you can also use option 4 to verify which ID is
assigned to each hard disk by observing the hard disk LED
flashing. For the Internal hard drives, you may see both master
and slave drives flashing while one is selected. Refer to the
"Master/Slave setting ..." of the Appendix section.
* Use option 2, "CUSTOM Cloning" for copying one hard disk to a
larger one (or, for copying one hard disk to many at the same
time.) In this case, there is an option for [cyln/head/sector]
conversion. This conversion is necessary for the hard drive to be
recognized by BIOS when the AUTO-CONFIG is used in CMOS
setup. You should answer "yes" to the option.
* Check the on-screen report or the saved report file after finish.
<<<
3.0 Examples
SUBJECT:>>> Example 1: Clone 850MB to 850MB
Example 1: System: Pentium 200, Award BIOS 4.51PG
Source Disk: 850MB, 1 partition, Master on Primary IDE port
hard disk's [c/h/s] is [1668/16/63] have only one primary partition
Destination Disk: 850MB, set to Master on Secondary IDE
port, hard disk's [c/h/s] is [1668/16/63], a new unformatted HD.
Purpose: To clone the 850MB hard disk, and use it for backup.
Action to take:
(a) In examination of CMOS, both hard disks are set up as
AUTO-CONFIG with LBA mode. DiskPro lists both source and
destination disks with BIOS translated [c/h/s] as [833/32/63]. Write
down the above numbers on the work sheet. Note that BIOS reserves
one cylinder.
(b) Run DiskPro software using EXPRESS cloning hard disk
command. Follow instruction to complete the cloning.
(c) Before testing, turn off machine. Remove source disk,
and place destination hard disk into the Master of Primary IDE port.
Power up machine.
(d) When the system boots up, you should see the clone disk
working just like the original 850MB hard disk.
<<<
SUBJECT:>>> Example 2: Clone 850MB to 2.0GB
Example 2: System: Pentium 200, Award BIOS 4.51PG
Source Disk: 850MB, 1 partition, Master on Primary IDE port
hard disk's [c/h/s] is [1668/16/63] have only one primary partition
Destination Disk: 2.0GB, set to Master on Secondary IDE port,
hard disk's [c/h/s] is [4088/16/63]
*** Case 1:
Purpose: To clone the 850MB hard disk, and use the 2.0GB as
850MB for recovery backup.
Action to take:
(a) In examination of CMOS, both hard disks are set up as
AUTO-CONFIG with LBA mode. DiskPro lists source disk with
BIOS translated [c/h/s] as [833/32/63] and destination disk with BIOS
translated [1021/64/63]. Write down the above numbers on the work
sheet. Note that BIOS reserves one cylinder.
(b) Run DiskPro software using EXPRESS cloning hard disk
command. Follow instruction to complete the cloning.
(c) Before testing, turn off machine. Remove source disk,
and place destination hard disk into the Master of Primary IDE port.
Power up machine, and go to CMOS mode. Change type from
AUTO-CONFIG to USER in the Primary Master entry. You should
see translated [c=1021/h=64/s=63] with LBA mode at right. When
you change the LBA mode to NORMAL, you should see
[c=4084/h=16/s=63] listed with NORMAL mode at the right. In
order to use the 2.0GB disk as 850MB, you need to maintain the
USER type and the [c/h/s] numbers of the source disk. At NORMAL
mode, change [c/h/s] into [1668/16/63]. Then switch back to LBA
mode, it should show [833/32/63]. The above setting tells BIOS to
use the hard disk as a 850MB. Save the CMOS setting and exit.
(d) When the system boots up, you should see the 2.0GB
working just like the original 850MB hard disk.
*** Case 2:
Purpose: Upgrade the 850MB hard disk to 2.0GB and add more
partition to use the extra space.
Action to take:
(a) In examination of CMOS, both hard disks are set up as
AUTO-CONFIG with LBA mode. DiskPro lists source disk with
translated [c/h/s] as [833/32/63] and destination disk with translated
[1021/64/63]. Write down the above numbers on the work sheet.
(b) Run DiskPro software using CUSTOM cloning hard disk
command. Answer YES to Convert system embedded [c/h/s] to [1021/64/63].
(c) Before testing, turn off machine. Remove source disk, and
place destination hard disk into the Master of Primary IDE port.
Reboot the PC. (You don't have to change CMOS. Keep the CMOS setting
as AUTO-CONFIG.)
(d) When the system boots up, you should see the 2.0GB
using only 850MB. Run FDISK to add extended partition to use the
extra space. On NT, use DISK ADMINISTRATION in SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION to
add more partition.
(e) Reboot PC and format the partition.
<<<
SUBJECT:>>> Example 3: Clone 1.6GB to 3.1GB
Example 3: System: Pentium 200MMX Notebook, SysSoft BIOS Sis-510X, v.1.01.26
Source Disk: 1.6GB disk, 1 partition, set to Master on
Primary IDE port, hard disk's [c/h/s] is [3276/16/63],
have only one primary partition
Dest. Disk: 3.1GB 2.5" hard disk, using FIT converter kit,
placed into TransPorter connected to Parallel port,
hard disk's [c/h/s] is [6144/16/63]
*** Case 1:
Purpose: To clone the 1.6GB hard disk, and use the 3.1GB as
1.6GB for recovery backup.
Action to take:
(a) In examination of CMOS, the source disk is set up as
AUTO-ID with LBA mode. DiskPro lists source disk with BIOS
translated [c/h/s] as [818/64/63] and destination disk with [c/h/s] set to
[6144/16/63]. Write down the above numbers on the work sheet.
(b) Run DiskPro software using EXPRESS cloning hard disk
command. Follow instruction to complete the cloning.
(c) Before testing, turn off machine. Remove source disk,
and place destination hard disk into the Master of Primary IDE port.
Power up machine, and go to CMOS mode. Change type from
AUTO-ID to CUSTOM and make sure that the [c/h/s] is set to
[3276/16/63]. The above setting tells BIOS to use the hard disk as a
1.6GB. Save the CMOS setting and exit.
(d) When the system boots up, you should see the 3.1GB
working just like the original 1.6GB hard disk.
*** Case 2:
Purpose: Upgrade the 1.6GB hard disk to 3.1GB.
Action to take:
(a) In examination of CMOS, the source hard disks are set up
as AUTO-ID with LBA mode. DiskPro lists source disk with
translated [c/h/s] as [818/64/63]. The destination disk with [c/h/s] set
to [6144/16/63]. write down the above numbers on the work sheet.
(b) Run DiskPro software using EXPRESS cloning hard disk
command. Follow instruction to complete the cloning.
(c) Before testing, turn off machine. Remove source disk, and
place destination hard disk into the Master of Primary IDE port.
Insert DiskPro diskette in drive A and reboot the PC. (You don't have
to change CMOS. Keep the CMOS setting as AUTO-ID.) Run
DiskPro software. DiskPro command 3 will list the disk with BIOS
translated [c/h/s] as [767/128/63]. Then, run command 24, "Convert
system embedded [c/h/s] ...". Enter C=767, h=128, S=63 to convert.
(d) Reboot. When the system boots up, you should see the
3.1GB using only 1.6GB. Run FDISK to add extended partition to
use the extra space. On NT, use DISK ADMINISTRATION in
SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION to add more partition.
(e) Reboot PC and format the partition.
<<<
4.0 DiskPro Command Menu Walk Through
SUBJECT:>>> DiskPro Command Menu Walk Through
This section describes the command options in the DiskPro main menu.
Command Option 1: EXPRESS CLONING
It is intended for cloning one HD to another with same size or
in same class. Hence, there is no need to do [c/h/s] conversion. It has
minimum queries.
Command Option 2: CUSTOM CLONING
It is for general cases of cloning. You can do one-to-many
cloning in this command. It has options to clear Win95 ID or do
[c/h/s] conversion.
Command Option 3: List all HD in the system
It lists all available hard drives in the system.
Command Option 4: Show a HD
It shows a hard disk by flashing its LED.
Command Option 5: Refresh system HD information
It will re-detect system HD information if you use F.I.T.
Removable HD, TransPorter, which allows you to swap a hard disk.
Command Option 6: List Advanced DiskPro Utility Menu
It lists command option 20 and above.
Command Option 20: DiskPro Program options
It allows you to display and change DiskPro system
parameters: bad sector retries count, bad sector handling after retry,
parallel port HD timing, number of discrepancies to display before
stopping when comparing sectors, and whether cloning to a smaller
HD is allowed.
Command Option 21: Print a Sector
Display sector data.
Command Option 22: Compare sector(s)
Compare sectors.
Command Option 23: Check an HD's [c/h/s] status
It lists an internal HD's current DiskPro-recorded embedded
[c/h/s] and the BIOS translated [c/h/s]. If these two numbers do not
match, it is unlikely that this HD can boot at current system. Use
option 24 to convert the recorded embedded [c/h/s] to match BIOS's.
Command Option 24: Convert recorded system embedded [c/h/s]
When an HD is formatted, it embeds system's [c/h/s] inside the
system sector. If BIOS changes its view of the HD, the embedded
[c/h/s] should be changed as well. Hence, if you copy an HD's sectors
to a larger HD which has different [c/h/s] in BIOS setting, you need to
reflect this discrepancy in the HD.
Command Option 25: Change Win95 ID
Windows 95 buries an ID in each HD that it formats. This
command can change it when necessary.
Command Option 26: Print DiskPro recorded [c/h/s]
After cloning, DiskPro records two sets of [c/h/s] in the clone disk:
(1) Source Disk's [c/h/s], (2) Target Disk's BIOS [c/h/s] setting.
This command displays both sets of [c/h/s].
Command Option 27: Force a new [c/h/s] on a HD
It allows DiskPro to use only a smaller set of [c/h/s] when
cloning. If you copy a smaller HD to a larger one, and would like to
copy back to a smaller one. This command makes it possible.
Command Option 28: List partition information on an HD
It lists an HD's partition information.
<<<
5.0 Clone-n-Recovery
SUBJECT:>>> Clone-n-Recover, step-by-step description
DiskPro software makes hard disk cloning an easy task. In
order to use the clone disk, we need to plan ahead and address some
system software and hardware issues. The concerned issues are listed
as follows.
1. Master and Slave settings on IDE hard drives
2. Old fashion BIOS vs. Enhanced BIOS
3. CMOS setting of hard disk parameters
For more information in these topics, please refer to the
corresponding section of appendices. If you are using SCSI hard disk,
read appendix section of SCSI hard disk first.
If you are using F.I.T. parallel port devices, TransPorter, you
don't have to worry about master and slave mode settings. F.I.T.
parallel port devices can work automatically on either a master or a
slave setting. A user simply sets the drive master or slave setting to be
the same as the source disk. When swapping hard disk while recovery
is needed, it is one less thing to worry.
 Furthermore, F.I.T. devices can automatically detect a hard
disk's [cylinder/head/sector] parameters. There is no need to set up
CMOS [c/h/s] setting for a new hard disk. There is no need to worry
about BIOS or loading any driver software. DiskPro has built-in
program to work with F.I.T. parallel port devices intelligently.
5.1 Cloning one hard disk to another
This section describes cloning one source disk to one
destination disk. Information given is based on IDE hard drives. If
you use a SCSI hard disk, you may have to use DiskPro software to
record BIOS translated [c/h/s] parameters. Most SCSI controller does
not have this information in BIOS. Refer to Appendix: SCSI hard disk
for details.
5.1.1 Hardware setup
If you are using the TransPorter as a destination disk, no
master/slave setting is needed. Nor CMOS setup is required. You can
also daisy-chain up to 4 TransPorters or TransDisks (or mixed) in each
parallel port.
If your destination hard disk is an internal drive, you must set
the master/slave jumper accordingly. Each IDE port can allow only
one master drive and one slave drive. If you have two IDE ports, like
most Pentium machines, we recommend that the source and
destination hard disks be connected to an IDE port (channel)
individually and each set to master mode. That will make recovery
easier, especially with F.I.T. Internal Removable HD kit.
When adding the destination hard disk to your system, refer to
manufacturer's manual to set up CMOS parameter.
You should have no problem if you use the SAME BRAND
AND SAME MODEL hard drives in an IDE port as master and slave.
You may or may not see problems if you mix different brands or
models of hard drives in one IDE port. Contact hard disk
manufacturer, not F.I.T., for such problems.
5.1.2 Before cloning
First, you need to record from CMOS the following
information for the source disk: 1) Hard Disk Type, 2) HD's [c/h/s], 3)
BIOS translation mode.
The source disk's [cylinder/head/sector] parameters are usually
printed on the top of the hard disk. If the hard disk is currently in use,
you may find the parameters from CMOS as well. If your system has
an old fashioned BIOS (486 or early Pentium usually before mid-
1994), i.e., it can only handle up to 528MB hard drive, there is only
one set of [c/h/s] parameters listed. If your system has Enhanced
BIOS, you may see multiple sets of [c/h/s] parameters. You should
write down all of them. Usually, the one called NORMAL mode or
CHS mode is the HD's [c/h/s] parameters. Other sets may be referred
as LBA mode, or Large mode, or Extended CHS.
5.1.3 Running DiskPro software
After booting up your PC from the DiskPro Diskette, at A:
prompt, type DISKPRO then enter. You should see the DiskPro main
menu.
The "EXPRESS hard disk cloning" command is designed for
one-to-one cloning with minimum query. Follow the command
instruction on how to clone a hard disk.
You can list all hard disks available in the system. You can
also show a particular hard disk by making its LED light flash.
However, you may see both master and slave drives on the same IDE
port always flashing simultaneously when you toggle one. This is
because both hard drive's LEDs are connected to the same IDE port.
5.1.4 After Cloning
Write down the source disk's BIOS translated
[cylinder/head/sector] parameters. It is also called LBA mode or
Large mode or Extended CHS. Refer to Appendix section of the
CMOS hard disk parameters. If your system has an old fashioned
BIOS, this is the same as previously recorded hard disk's [c/h/s]
parameters. If your cylinder number is larger than 1024, it may be
truncated to 1024 or 1023. You can find these numbers in the DiskPro
command of "List all HD in the system" or in the printout at the
completion of cloning.
<<<
5.2 Testing the Clone Disk
If this is your first time of cloning a hard disk, you should test
it before you stow it away for future recovery. Replace the boot hard
disk with the clone disk. Make sure that your master/slave setting is
adequate.
5.2.1 Rules for Straight-forward Recovery
SUBJECT:>>> Testing: Rules for Straight-forward Recovery
In the following cases, the clone disk should work immediately
without modifying CMOS hard disk parameters.
1. The clone disk is an identical model and capacity of the
source disk.
or
2. You're cloning a smaller hard disk to a larger hard disk in
same class and both hard drives have the same head and sector
numbers. (See appendix: Hard Disk Classes)
or
3. On an Old Fashioned BIOS, you are cloning a smaller hard
disk to a hard disk in any larger class. The clone disk will be used as
the same capacity as the source disk.
or
4. If you have Enhanced BIOS, your current setting is set to
User-Defined type.
If you are not in the above cases, or the clone disk can not
boot in your system, it is likely that you may need to change your
CMOS parameters or use DiskPro software to examine the clone disk.
Note that you should write down the CMOS parameter before you
make any change so that you can always restore it. Continue with the
next section for other cases, or 2.3 for detailed check points.
<<<
5.2.2 Other Rules for General Recovery
SUBJECT:>>> Testing: Other Rules for General Recovery
If the original hard disk is set to the "Auto-Config" type in
CMOS without enabling any BIOS translation mode, the clone should
still work without change, provided the head/sector numbers are the
same on both source and destination hard disks. If the [head/sector]
numbers are not identical, change the CMOS settings to the "User-
defined" type and specify cylinder/head/sector [c/h/s] numbers to
match the original hard disk [c/h/s] numbers.
If the original hard disk is set to the "Auto-Config" type with
the BIOS translation (LBA, Large, Extended CHS, Auto, etc.)
enabled, the clone can still work directly, provided the BIOS-
translated head/sector (h/s) numbers (as opposed to the hard disk's
own head/sector numbers, which may be different) are the same. If the
BIOS-translated h/s numbers are not identical, change the CMOS
settings to the "User-defined" type and specify [c/h/s] numbers to
match the original hard disk c/h/s numbers. Leave the CMOS setting
for translation mode unchanged.
<<<
5.3 Recovering from a Clone Disk
SUBJECT:>>> Gerenal Rules for Recovery
The following is a list of Testing or Recovery Check Points to
Recover a clone disk.
(a) Remove the original source hard disk (HD). Make sure the
MASTER/SLAVE setting on the clone HD is the same as the original
HD. Install the clone HD in place.
(b) Boot up the system off the DiskPro diskette. Select menu option
23 to check if a DiskPro recorded [c/h/s] matches current CMOS? If
the head/sector numbers are the same, remove DiskPro diskette and
reboot. The clone HD should work correctly. Otherwise, CMOS
settings need changing. Continue with the following steps.
(c) If the DiskPro recorded [c/h/s] shows that "h" is less than or equal
to 16 and "s" is less than or equal to 63, change the CMOS settings to
the "User-Defined" type and specify the [c/h/s] settings to match the
DiskPro recorded [c/h/s]. Disable any BIOS translation mode (e.g.,
LBA, Large, Extended CHS, Auto, etc.) in the CMOS. Go back to
step (b).
(d) If the DiskPro recorded [c/h/s] shows that "h" is larger than 16
(e.g., [x/32/63], [x/32/38], [x/30/63], [x/20/55], etc.), and you know
the default IDE [c/h/s] of the source HD (should be printed on the HD
label), change the CMOS settings to the "User-Defined" type and use
this IDE [c/h/s] for the CMOS settings. Go back to step (b).
(e) If the DiskPro recorded [c/h/s] shows that "h" is larger than 16 but
you don't know the default IDE [c/h/s] of the source HD, divide "h"
number in order by 2 or 4 or 8 or 16 until the quotient first becomes
less than or equal to 16. Write down the divider used at this point.
Change the CMOS settings to the "User-defined" type first. Multiply
the "c" (cylinder) number by this divider and use the result to set the
cylinder number in CMOS settings. Use the final quotient for "h" to set
the head number in CMOS. Use the same "s" number to set the sector
number in CMOS. For example, [1000/32/63] becomes [2000/16/63],
[1000/240/63] becomes [16000/15/63]. The BIOS translation mode is
set according to the final [c/h/s] in CMOS. If the h/s = 16/63, set LBA
translation mode. Otherwise, set "Large" or "Extended CHS" mode.
Go back to step (b).
(f) If after doing the above CMOS setting changes several times
without finding a correct setting, reset the CMOS settings to recognize
the full capacity of the clone HD using "Auto-Config" type with
BIOS-translation (LBA mode preferred) enabled. Reboot to DiskPro
and select option 24 to convert system embedded [c/h/s] settings in an
HD's system sectors to match the BIOS-translated values. Remove
DiskPro diskette and reboot again.
(g) If there are still some (esp. extended) partitions not recognized,
there is another alternative. That is to find another HD with the same
head/sector numbers and in the same size range as the original source
HD. Then use the previous clone HD as the source HD and clone back
to this new HD. To do this, you may have to use DiskPro option 27 to
force smaller [c/h/s] on the current source disk. After cloning, remove
the source HD. Set up the new HD properly and set the CMOS to the
settings of the original HD. Reboot to DiskPro and select option 24 to
convert system embedded [c/h/s] settings in an HD's system sectors to
match the BIOS-translated values. Remove DiskPro diskette and reboot again.
<<<
6.0 Disk Duplicator
SUBJECT:>>> Disk Duplicator
DiskPro software can easily turn your PC into an inexpensive
Hard Disk Duplicator. To clone one hard disk to multiple hard disks,
you need to select "CUSTOM hard disk cloning" command. Just
follow the command step on the screen. The above testing and
recovery procedure for "Cloning one disk to another" also applies to
this case. DiskPro can make your PC into 4-disk cloning system. A
32-disk version of DiskPro software is also available.
You can use any of the following combinations of connections
to duplicate disks. The source disk can reside at any of the interface types.
(A) Each IDE port can connect up to 2 disks
(B) Each parallel port can connect up to 4 F.I.T. parallel port
devices. Each PC can have up to 3 parallel ports. If you connect more
than 2 units on a parallel port, you should acquire a special short
DB25 cable from F.I.T. for better performance.
(C) Each SCSI port can connect up to 7 disks, 15 for Ultra
wide SCSI. Make sure to use a terminator on the end disk.
If any destination disk fails before completion, DiskPro still
tries to finish other disks. A report is always generated on the screen.
DiskPro has the option to generate a report in a file. It is
recommended to save the report on the DiskPro diskette, not source
or destination disk.
<<<
7.0 Adding more partitions - Upgrade a hard disk
SUBJECT:>>> Adding more partition - Upgrade a HD
If you clone a smaller hard disk to a larger one and intend to
use the extra space, (however, DiskPro does not enlarge a partition)
refer to the (f) step in section 2.3. You may be able to use your
operating system's system command to add more partition to use the
free space. In DOS (or Windows 3.x) or Windows95/98, use FDISK.
In WindowsNT, use tools in System Administration. For other
operating system you should consult its system administration
document.
 You need to convert the system embedded [c/h/s] of the target
disk to match the BIOS translated [c/h/s] on the target system. If you
use the "CUSTOM hard disk cloning" command to clone a disk, you
need to turn on the option "Convert system embedded [c/h/s] ..." so
that the system sectors can have the updated [c/h/s] information. If
you use the "EXPRESS hard disk cloning" command to clone, after
completion, you can use command "Convert system embedded [c/h/s]
..." to update the clone disk before using FDISK to add more
partitions. See the next example section.
<<<
8.0 Other Issues
8.1 Bad Sector Handling
SUBJECT:>>> Bad Sector Handling
When DiskPro encounters a bad sector, it defaults to retry 30
times. After retry is exhausted, DiskPro defaults to stop copying for
that hard disk, or stop the whole operation if it is the source disk.
Command option 20 allows user to change the above default values.
User can set number of retry counts and can also select to ignore the
bad sectors and continue copying after retry is exhausted.
<<<
8.2 Anti-Virus Protection
SUBJECT:>>> Anti-Virus Protection
If you encounter write failure or write protection when copying
to a clone disk, check your CMOS if any anti-virus feature is turned
on. You need to turn it off before cloning a hard disk. Some BIOS
may prompt you before writing onto the destination hard disk. In this
case, simply answer YES to proceed.
<<<
8.3 UNIX or Non-Microsoft operating system
SUBJECT:>>> UNIX or Non-Microsoft operating system
Since most UNIX OS do not support translating BIOS. Your
UNIX system may have CMOS set up with [c=1023/h=16/s=63]. In
this case, you need to change CMOS to AUTO-CONFIG or full
capacity setting. Then, boot from DiskPro diskette and see the hard
drive with full capacity before running "CUSTOM Cloning" option.
You should not clear Win95 flag, nor enable [c/h/s] conversion. After
cloning, you need to set the CMOS back to what it was before booting UNIX.
<<<
9.0 Troubleshooting Q&A
SUBJECT:>>> Troubleshooting Q&A
For latest trouble-shooting information, please refer to the README file.
Q: Can't boot the clone disk after cloning.
A: Provided that there are no hardware compatibility issues, this
symptom is usually seen when you clone a smaller hard disk to a larger
one. You need to run the command option 24 "Convert system
embedded [c/h/s] settings in an HD's system sectors" to match current
BIOS [c/h/s] setting. Since your clone disk still holds the original
disk's [c/h/s], the embedded [c/h/s] in the clone disk does not match
the BIOS [c/h/s] setting which is set either by auto-config or by user in
the CMOS.
The "EXPRESS CLONING" command option is intended for
cloning a hard disk to a same size hard disk. The conversion is not
required, hence it is not performed. The conversion is an option in the
"CUSTOM CLONING" command option.
Please see examples in the previous section.
Q: How do I utilize the extra space after cloning to a larger hard disk? or,
Q: After cloning to a larger hard disk, I can only see a portion of the HD.
A: DiskPro Clone-n-Recover edition is mainly designed for
cloning a hard disk for backup and quick recovery, and for hard disk
duplication. It provides limited hard disk upgrade capability.
However, it does not enlarge a partition. In order to utilize the extra
disk space, you need to run FDISK in DOS or Win95, or use "Disk
Administrator" in NT to create an additional partition on the hard disk
and format it.
FIT's DiskPro HD Upgrader edition is a better solution for
upgrading a hard disk. The HD Upgrader edition can copy a hard disk
and enlarge the partition to fit the destination hard disk. In the
Upgrader edition, there is no need to create an additional partition to
utilize the extra space.
Q: My target system does not auto-detect the clone disk that I
made successfully earlier, what can I do?
A: Generally, you should, in CMOS, set Hard Disk to User-
Defined Mode with the clone disk's original (firmware) [c/h/s]
numbers. Then, set LBA mode and reboot with DiskPro diskette. Use
command menu option 3 to display BIOS translated [c/h/s] numbers.
Use command menu option 24 to convert the clone disk to match the
above BIOS translated [c/h/s]. Then you should be able to boot the
clone disk.
More detailed information is described in the Recovering from
a clone disk section of the User's Guide.
Q: When I boot my clone disk, it says that the Windows Swap
file is corrupted. What should I do?
A: You should follow the message instruction and create a new
swap file. It will operate normally then.
Q: What's the capacity limit on BIOS and FAT partitions?
A: Current BIOS can handle a hard drive of up to 8.4GB. FAT16
can handle up to 2.1GB for all OS. FAT32 can handle much larger
capacity, but limit on BIOS is 8.4GB.
<<<

APPENDICES
Appendix A: Hard Disk Classes
SUBJECT:>>> Hard Disk Classes
DiskPro classifies hard disk by its capacities for reference.
Class A: 0-528MB upto [1024/16/63]*512= 528,482,304 bytes
Class B: 529-1056MB upto [2048/16/63]*512=1,056,964,608
Class C: 1057-2113MB upto [4096/16/63]*512=2,113,929,216
Class D: 2114-4227MB upto [8192/16/63]*512=4,227,858,432
Class E: 4228-8455MB upto [16384/16/63]*512=8,455,716,864
Class F: over 8455MB over [16384/16/63]*512 > 8,455,716,864
When BIOS is translating from hard disk's [c/h/s] to BIOS
translated [c/h/s], BIOS keeps the cylinder number between 512 and
1024. When the capacity goes from one class to a higher capacity
class, the cylinder number is divided by 2 to fall into between 512 and
1024 while the head number is multiplied by 2 to reflect the same
capacity. Hence, Each Class of hard disk has same head and sector
numbers while cylinder number falls in between 512 and 1024.
<<<
Appendix B: Master/Slave setting on IDE hard disk
SUBJECT:>>> Master/Slave setting on IDE hard disk
An IDE port can take up to 2 IDE hard drives in a serial or
daisy chain connection. In order for the IDE controller to distinguish
one IDE drive from another, one drive must be set as master, another
as slave. This is usually done by setting up jumpers on the hard drive.
(However, some hard drives, for instance, Toshiba's 2.5" hard drive,
must be done through Toshiba's special utility to change master and
slave mode.) Most of hard disk manufacturers print the jumper
settings on the top of the drive for easy reference.
PC history has always been full of compatibility issues. No
exception in IDE port and IDE drives. All system integrators more or
less go down the similar bumpy road. Listed below are some possible
compatibility problems.
1. When adding an IDE controller, it may not work well with
the motherboard.
2. When connecting an IDE drive to an IDE controller (may
or may not be on-board), the IDE controller may not work well with
the IDE drive.
3. When adding a Slave IDE drive to an existing Master IDE
drive on the same port, the Slave IDE drive may not be compatible
with the Master drive.
The above conditions should be resolved by your PC maker. If
you are adding more hard drive to your IDE port, having identical
hard drives daisy chained to one IDE port should not have any
compatibility problem. A mix of different brands and models in an
IDE port may not work with each other. Contact your hard disk
manufacturer to solve the compatibility problem.
F.I.T. parallel port hard drive products, TransPorter, provides
daisy chaining up to 4 units, plus an additional printer connection at
the end. Each parallel port can be set at Master OR Slave mode.
F.I.T. software intelligently communicates with each unit. You can
totally disregard the setting and it will work for you automatically.
The SCSI hard drive uses SCSI ID to identify itself. The
SCSI-1 and SCSI-2 uses ID 0 to 7, SCSI-3 0-15.
<<<
Appendix C: BIOS and Enhanced BIOS
SUBJECT:>>> BIOS and Enhanced BIOS
Basic Input/Output Subsystem (BIOS) handles hardware
interface for a PC system. In earlier years (usually before mid-1994,
most 486's and some early Pentiums), hard disks were less than
528MB, e.g., hard disk parameter [c/h/s] with c<=1024, h<=16,
s<=63. BIOS was designed to handle maximum capacity of 528MB
for a hard disk.
When hard disk technology grew beyond 528MB, the old
fashioned BIOS could not use the additional capacity. Meanwhile, the
16-bit DOS commands still could handle up to 2.1GB per partition
before reaching its limit. Hard disk technology has quickly out-grown
16-bit DOS commands as well. Use of the 32-bit operating system
was inevitable in order to keep up with high-flying technologies.
Various Disk Managers were introduced at the time for a
larger-than-528MB disk to be used on the old fashion BIOS PC.
Meanwhile, Enhanced BIOS was introduced with newer
motherboards for Pentiums and later 486's. The Enhanced BIOS
usually comes with 2 IDE ports to take up to 4 IDE drives, 2 drives
per IDE port. Most importantly, the Enhanced BIOS can translate a
hard disk's [c/h/s], where c<=16K, h<=16, s<=63 into translated
[c/h/s], where c<=1024, h<=256, s<=63. This translates to a
maximum of 8.4GB.
<<<
Appendix D: CMOS hard disk parameters
SUBJECT:>>> CMOS hard disk parameters
The translation capability of the Enhanced BIOS allows
breaking of 528MB barrier. As described in the previous section, the
upper and lower interfaces of the BIOS have different limit. The
upper layer, mainly DOS and Windows, accesses the hard disk by
[c/h/s], where c<=1024, h<=256, s<=63. The lower layer, mainly hard
disk, allows to address its sectors by [c/h/s], where c<=16K, h<=16,
s<=63. The common section is only with c<=1024, h<=16, s<=63. It
is 528MB!
Here gives some example how the Enhanced BIOS works on
translating a hard disk [c/h/s].
Example: Installing a 1.6GB hard disk which manufacturer marks as [3072/16/63].
If you install it in an Old Fashioned BIOS (486 type), you can
only use the portion of the hard drive up to [1024/16/63], even if
[3072/16/63] is entered in CMOS. Some 486 BIOS only allows you
to enter up to 1024 or 1023.
The Enhanced BIOS usually comes with AUTO-CONFIG or
AUTO-DETECT feature. It then will translate the [3072/16/63] into
[768/64/63] and reports to DOS. When DOS accesses a sector using
[768/64/63], the Enhanced BIOS must translate it into its original hard
disk addressing of [c/h/s], where h<=16. The translation by Enhanced
BIOS is actually done by mapping two sets of sequentially numbered sectors.
If you don't want to use AUTO-CONFIG or AUTO-
DETECT, you must find a way in your CMOS to specify the above
two sets of [c/h/s] numbers so that the translation can be done
properly. Unfortunately, CMOS interfaces have different looks. Most
of them are poorly documented. It may take you some time to figure
out. Some CMOS may not allow you to set up your own translation.
You may need to contact the manufacturer for detailed information.
Note: When entering the IDE hard disk [c/h/s] parameters in
CMOS, you can disregard the Landing Zone and Compensation values. For
other types of hard drives, refer to the hard drive's manufacturer's manual.
<<<
Appendix E: SCSI Hard Disk
SUBJECT:>>> SCSI Hard Disk
This section gives a brief description how a PC SCSI driver
and/or controller firmware (also called Extended BIOS) handles the
translation of [c/h/s]. SCSI hard disk is a block device. It addresses
its data sector (or block) by sequential numbers, i.e., block #0, 1, 2, 3,
..., while the IDE hard disk by [c/h/s]. It is the SCSI software's
responsibility to translate the sequential numbering to [c/h/s] and
present it to an operating system.
Most SCSI software makes the [c/h/s] translation
automatically. Unless the controller comes with a program allowing
you to set up the translation, you have to use DiskPro to find out how
it is translated. The SCSI controller sometimes does the translation
very differently from PC BIOS. For instance, PC Enhanced BIOS
usually would translate a hard disk [3096/16/63] (1.5GB) into
[774/64/63]. Some SCSI controller may translation a 1.5GB SCSI
disk with 3120768 (3096*16*63) blocks into [387/128/63]. If you
copy a SCSI hard disk into an IDE disk, you need to force your PC
BIOS to make the translation from [3096/16/63] to [387/128/63] in
order for the clone IDE disk to be used.
Alternatively, you can use command 24 -Convert ... to
change system embedded [c/h/s] from [387/128/63] to [774/64/63].
<<<
Appendix F: Disk Manager (Disk Drive Overlay Programs)
SUBJECT:>>> Disk Manager (Disk Drive Overlay Programs)
Disk Manager (Ontrack DDO, Seagate DDO, Microhouse EZ-
Drive, ...) is usually used on an older (1994 or earlier) PC which does
not support any hard disk larger than 540MB. Disk Manager is
installed on the hard disk and takes over some BIOS programs to
allow larger hard disk to be utilized at the boot time.
In order for DiskPro to see the whole HD capacity, you should
load the Disk Manager before DiskPro. You should boot your PC
from hard disk which has Disk Manager installed first. When Disk
Manager is loaded, it will give an option to boot from a diskette.
Select this option and boot from DiskPro diskette. You should
contact your Disk Manager manufacturer and Hard Disk Manufacturer
if you encounter any problem.
<<<
Appendix G: DriveSpace or Stacker
SUBJECT:>>> DriveSpace or Stacker
Compression Software, like DriveSpace or Stacker should
work with DiskPro. If you do not add more partition to the clone
disk, the clone disk should work like the source disk.
If you like to add more partition to the clone disk, your drive
letter order may be affected due to its assignment from the system.
Refer to Stacker, DriveSpace, or your package software document for details.
<<<
Appendix H: F.I.T. TransPorter and Internal Removable HD Kit
SUBJECT:>>> F.I.T. TransPorter and Internal Removable HD Kit
FIT's TransPorter line of products frees a hard drive from
being locked into a system. By placing the hard drive into our Porter,
the drive can now be easily moved or exchanged with another hard
drive. In conjunction with our DiskPro Software, it becomes the
ultimate backup system.
1. TransPorter Internal: Removable Hard Drive Drawer System.
A two-piece unit fits into an accessible 5.25 drive bay. Allow
for easy, quick swapping of an internal hard drive. The TransPorter
Internal comes in two pieces: first, an Internal Frame that installs into
an accessible 5.25 drive bay, and connects to either an IDE or SCSI
controller; second, the Porter which is a drawer or module that holds
a hard drive.
* Cut service and downtime to seconds.
* Move hard drives between machines.
* Take internal disk to anywhere, any PC with Parallel-port connection
* With Multiple drawers, easily switch between Operating Systems.
* With two units installed it makes the ultimate backup system. Our
DiskPro Software makes this a truly exact backup.
* Converter kit available for 2.5" hard drive
2. TransPorter: Parallel Port Adapter
* Easily turn any 3.5" (or 2.5") hard drive into an external parallel
port drive or a removable internal hard drive in no time!
* Great for upgrading, transporting, archiving, security, or servicing!
* Take your hard drive with you anywhere
* Bootable as a removable internal drive
* Use multiple Operating System on 1 machine
* Installation is a breeze!
* Works with NT, Win95, DOS and Windows
* Can be ordered alone, or with hard drive.
<<<
Appendix I: F.I.T. TransDisk 3000
SUBJECT:>>> F.I.T. TransDisk 3000
TransDisk 3000 is a portable parallel-port hard disk which is
similar to TransPorter. However, it does not provide the flexibility of
removable hard disk to swap with the Internal Removable HD kit.
TransDisk 3000 works seamlessly with DiskPro as well.
<<<
Appendix J: Hard Disks Supported by F.I.T. Parallel Port devices
SUBJECT:>>> Hard Disks Supported by F.I.T. Parallel Port devices
The following hard disks are supported for TransPorter and TransDisk
3000EPP (12V/5V). This is as of October 15, 1997.
Maxtor:
 All models up to 8.4GB : Recommended.
IBM:
DJAA-31700, DAQA-33240, DHEA-36480(6.3GB) and
38451(8.4GB): work well with TransPorter and TD3000EPP.
DCAA-34330 is no good. All other models are not tested.
Conner:
* All models except CFSxxxx: Recommended.
* Model CFSxxxx: No Good for TransPorter, TD3000 and TD3000EPP.
Western Digital:
* Models 3xxxx: 31000, 31200, 31600, 32500 and 33100 are OK for
TransPorter and TD3000EPP. 34000 is no good.Others are not tested.
* Models 2xxxx: 2850, 22100 are OK. 22000 and 34000 are
no good. Others are not tested.
Seagate:
* ST51080A, 52520A, ST3850A,ST32140A, ST36450: OK for
TransPorter and TD3000EPP.
* ST3541A,3636A,3851A,31081A,31276A,31621A: No Good,
these are original Conner Cabo CFSxxxx models.
* Other models are not tested.
Quantum:
* Model Fireball: OK for TransPorter and TD3000EPP.
* Model Lightning & Trailblazer:No Good for TransPorter and TD3000EPP.
* Other models: Not Tested.
Samsung: Not tested.
(2.5" HDD) (Converter kit available for 2.5" HD to 3.5" HD)
* Toshiba and IBM: All models are recommended.
* Conner, Seagate, Quantum: Latest models should be OK.
However, not all models are tested by F.I.T.
* Hitachi: DK222A-54 and DK212A-81 are OK. DK224A-14 and
DK221A-34 do not work.
<<<