1. WHAT DOMAINS DOES SCIENTIFIC TRANSLATION COVER?

2. WHAT BRANCHES DOES TECHNICAL TRANSLATION INCLUDE?

- Medicine
- Biology
- Recipes
- Guide’s manuals
- Economics
- Physics
- Mathematics
- Chemistry
- IT
- Newspaper articles
- Psychology
- Astronomy
- Engineering
- Computer translation

3. WHAT TYPES OF DOCUMENTS ARE INCLUDED HERE?

- Articles
- Books
- Research papers
- Literature review of some books
- Bachelor’s Degree
- Master’s degree
- Legal documents (contracts, agreements, birth certificates)

4. CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC/TECHNICAL DISCOURSE vs GENERAL

ENGLISH

LEXICAL LEVEL
Lexical-semantic problems can be resolved by consulting dictionaries, glossaries, terminology banks and
experts. These problems include terminology alternatives, neologisms, semantic gaps, contextual
synonyms and antonyms (these affect polysemic units: synonyms and antonyms are only aimed at an
acceptance which depends on the context to determine which meaning is correct), semantic contiguity (a
consistency procedure which works by identifying semantic features common  to two or more terms) and
lexical networks.
- Specific terminology
- Highly specialized vocabulary from Latin and Greek
- Abstract terms
- Very long chains of words
- Rotate/turn around
SYNTACTIC LEVEL
Syntactical problems may originate in syntactic parallels, the direction of the passive voice, the focus (the
point of view from which a story is told), or even rhetorical figures of speech, such as a hyperbaton (the
inversion of the natural order of speech) or an anaphora (repetition of a word or segment at the beginning
of a line or a phrase).
- Simple sentences to achieve clearness, conciseness
- Passive voice is mainly used
- Attributive clauses
- The use of non predicative verbs

STYLISTIC/RHETORIC LEVEL
Rhetorical problems are related to the identification and recreation of figures of thought (comparison,
metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, oxymoron, paradox, etc.) and diction.
 Clarity
 Accuracy
 In order to render these ideas
 Denotative
 Impersonal style
 Objective
 The use of linking words
 Past Simple and Present Simple
 Conditionals
 Subjonctive

5. WHAT WOULD BE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A SCIENTIFIC/TECHNICAL TRANSLATOR?

- to have a good knowledge of the domain
- to know how to distinguish between general language and specialized
language
- to research terms thoroughly (terminology)
- linguistic knowledge