A past tense (abbreviated PST) is a grammatical tense that places an action or situation in

the past of the current moment (in an absolute tense system), or prior to some other event,
whether that is past, present, or future (in a relative tense system).[1] Not all languages
mark verbs for the past tense (Mandarin Chinese, for example, does not); in some
languages, the grammatical expression of tense is mixed with the expression of mood
and/or aspect (see Tense-aspect-mood).

In English, there are two verb forms which are commonly called "past tense", the so-
called simple past, sometimes misleadingly called the preterite, which is a true tense, and
the present perfect, which is generally considered an aspect rather than a tense.[1][2] These
combine with other aspects including the progressive (continuous) aspect to create
several additional forms:

Simple past is formed for regular verbs by adding -d or – ed to the root of a word.
Examples: He walked to the store, or They danced all night.. A negation is produced by
adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form. Example: He did not walk to the store.
Question sentences are started with did as in Did he walk to the store?

Simple past is used for describing acts that have already been concluded and whose exact
time of occurrence is known. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive
events. That is why it is commonly used in storytelling.

Past progressive is formed by using the adequate form of to be and the verb’s present
participle: He was going to church. By inserting not before the main verb a negation is
achieved. Example: He was not going to church. A question is formed by prefixing the
adequate form of to be as in Was he going?.

Past progressive is used for describing events that were in the process of occurring when
a new event happened. The already occurring event is presented in past progressive, the
new one in simple past. Example: We were sitting in the garden when the thunderstorm
started. Use is similar to other languages' imperfect.

Present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle
form: I have arrived. A negation is produced by inserting not after have/has: I have not
arrived. Questions in present perfect are formulated by starting a sentence with have/has:
Has she arrived?

Present perfect is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present: He has
arrived. Now he is here. This holds true for events that have just been concluded as well
as for events that have not yet occurred.

Present perfect progressive is formed by prefixing have/has before the grammatical

participle been and the verb’s present participial form: We have been waiting. A negation
is expressed by including not between have/has and been: They have not been eating. As
with present perfect simple, for forming a question, have/has is put at the beginning of a
sentence: Have they been eating?
Present perfect progressive is used for describing an event that has been going on until
the present and may be continued in the future. It also puts emphasis on how an event has
occurred. Very often since and for mark the use of present perfect progressive: I have
been waiting for five hours / I have been waiting since three o’clock.

Furthermore, there is another version of past tense possible: past perfect, similar to other
languages' pluperfect.
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