UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING

PRESENTED BY:

G.ANILKUMAR K.KIRAN
CHOWDARY
Y6IT841, Y6IT852,
Ш /IV B.TECH Ш/IV B.TECH
gurramanilkumarg@gmail.com
kiran.y6@gmail.com
Ph: 9885793380 Ph: 9492277536

(Approved by A.I.C.T.E)
(Affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University)
Chandramoulipuram: Chowdavaram, GUNTUR – 19.
Contents

1. Abstraction

2. Introduction

3. The evolution of Ubiquitous

Computing

4. Challenges and requirements

5. Context aware

6. Some ubiquitous computing devices

7. Conclusion

Abstraction
 To done computations of humans the
era of mainframe computers was over, the era of
personal computers is in disappearing stage,
distributed computing is running and ubiquitous
computing is in progress to rule the world in
21th century. As opposed to the desktop
paradigm, in which a single user consciously
engages a single device for a specialized
purpose, someone using ubiquitous computing
engages many computational devices and
systems simultaneously, in the course of
ordinary activities, and may not necessarily
even be aware that they are doing so.
Introduction
Mark Weiser coined the phrase "ubiquitous
computing" around 1988. It is a post-desktop
model of human computer interaction in which
information processing has been thoroughly
integrated into everyday objects and activities.
Ubiquitous means: present everywhere,
simultaneously. Computers become a useful but
invisible force, assisting the user in meeting his
needs without getting lost in the way.
encountered in numerous different instances.All
models of ubiquitous computing share a vision
of small, inexpensive, robust networked
processing devices, distributed at all scales
throughout everyday life and generally turned to
distinctly quotidian ends. Because of ubiquitous
computing we can move beyond desktop
machine, and the Computing is embedded
everywhere in the environment. Ubiquitous
computing presents challenges across computer
science: in systems design and engineering, in
systems modeling, and in user interface design.
Ubiquitous computing encompasses a wide
range of research topics, including distributed
computing, mobile computing sensor
networking, human-computer interaction, and
artificial intelligence.
The evolution of Ubiquitous Computing:
It is basically developed on the basis of
following technologies builds on previous work
in the areas of Distributed Systems
And Mobile Computing It inherits the
following from Distributed system
 Remote communication (layering,
remote procedure call, etc.)
 Fault tolerance (atomic transactions,
etc.)
 High availability (optimistic/pessimistic
replica control, mirrored execution, etc.)
 Remote information access (caching,
distributed file systems, distributed
databases, etc.)
 Security (authentication, privacy, etc.)
It inherits the following from Mobile computing
 Mobile networking, e.g. ad-hoc
protocols
 Mobile information access, e.g.
disconnected operation
 Support for adaptive applications, e.g.
proxy trans coding,
 Adaptive resource management–
system-level energy saving techniques,
e.g. variable-speed processor scheduling
 Location sensitivity, e.g. location-aware
system behavior.
Challenges and requirements
• Hardware: The trend toward
miniaturization of computers
components down to an atomic scale is
known as nanotechnology.
• Applications: This is the main
motivation of ubiquitous computing. a
combination of several factors, including
the current location, the current user or if
there are any other Unicom devices
present in the near surroundings.
• User Interfaces: The multitude of
differrant Ubicomp devices with their
differrant sizes of displays and
interaction capabilities represents
another challenge for it.
• Networking: The multitude of
differrant Ubicomp devices with their
differrant sizes of displays and
interaction capabilities
represents another challenge we can
my use of wireless in efficient way.
• Mobility: Mobility is made possible
through wireless communication
technologies
• Scalability: Mobility is made possible
through wireless communication
technologies
• Reliability: In order to construct
reliable systems self-monitoring, self-
regulating and self-healing features like
they are found in biology might be a
solution
• Interoperability: This will probably be
one of the major factors for the success
or failure of the Ubicomp vision. Use of
technology just existed:
JINI,CORBA,ecc…This diversity will
make it impossible that there is only one
agreed standard
• Resource Discovery: The ability of
devices to describe their behaviour to the
network is a key requirement. On the
other hand, it cannot be assumed that
devices in a ubiquitous environment
have prior knowledge of the capabilities
of other occupants
• Privacy and Security: In a fully
networked world with ubiquitous,
sensor-equipped devices several privacy
and security issues arise. The people in
this environment will be worried about
their privacy since there is the
potential of total monitoring.
must be understandable by the user
and it must be modelled into the system
architecture.
Some components of ubiquitous computing:
1. Context aware 2.
Wearable computers
Context aware:
Context aware application:
- is one which can capture the context
- assign meaning to it
- change behavior accordingly
It refers to a general class of mobile systems
that can sense their physical environment, i.e.,
their context of use, and adapt their behavior
accordingly. Such systems are a component of a
ubiquitous computing or pervasive computing
environment.
Three important aspects of context aware are:
(1) Where you are
(2) Who you are with and
(3) What resources are nearby?
It provides services like
 Computing services sense aspects of
environment (location, user emotion,…) and
tailor provided services
 Walk into conference room, my email is
projected on a big screen there
 Transformed Local UI
Refined content for
proxy interaction content
from proxy

Examples: Adapting vector mapping

 Active Badge & PARCTab Maps can be…

 Split into features and presented in
 Shopping assistant part
 Encoded at different scales –
 Cyberguide different feature detail
 Selective adaptation can consider
content being degraded

Smart dust
Context Adaption
 Autonomous sensing and
What: Compression, filtering, device specific, communication in a cubic
Transformations, information selection millimeter – “dust motes”
 Sensors for temperature, humidity,
Where: Server, proxy or client?
light, motion ….
Proxy
Client and server do not change  With bidirectional radio or laser +
battery
 Costs soon < $1
 Typical Applications
User selection 1. Defense related battlefield
sensors, motion detectors etc.
Proxy transforms as best as it can, but gives 2. Inventory control on boxes
users a way to force proxy to deliver original which communicate with
content here, a simple client-side UI crates, trucks, plane etc to tell
enhancement is coupled with proxy-side you where they are
refinement intelligence.
 3. Product quality monitoring –
vibration, humidity,
overheating
4. Car component monitoring
Smart dust technology
Future smart dust
 Intelligent paper with integrated
radio  replace current displays
 Smart paint monitors vibrations
and detect intruders or changes
color to react to temperature,
lighting etc.
 Intelligent glass can filter sunlight,
become opaque no need for
curtains
 Smart garments or inject able
sensors for people monitoring
 Download design and printable
motes for < 1c mote
 Printable batteries
Scaling factors
 100K computers per person
 Self organizing and self configuring
 Coherent behavior from vast
numbers of unreliable sensors,
actuators and comes. Devices
 Need new techniques for
interaction maybe based on
biological organisms?
 Exponential Growth? By 2100 ……
Intelligent environment
 Lights, air conditioning, TV
automatically switch on and off
when you enter or leave rooms
 Sit on your favorite chair and TV
switches on to the program you
usually watch at this time of the
day
 Use communicator/PDA for phone,
remote control, keys, payments,
passport, health records, and
authenticator.
 Route input from ‘virtual’ keyboard
to nearest suitable display.
 Automatic detection of new items
to control and physical layout in a
room or office, using computer
vision.
Some devices of ubiquitous The Tab project is consider by many
computing to be the most significant of the three
prototyping efforts

Tab

Classroom 2000

 prototype handheld computer

 Was 2x3x0.5", had a 2 week

battery life on rechargeable
batteries, and weighed 7 oz

 Uused a Phillips 8051 processor

with 128k NVRAM
 Iinstructors are given the ability to present
 Ffeatured an external I2C external
more information during each lecture, with
bus, a custom resistive touch
the goal of providing a deeper
screen, and a 128x64 mono display
 As a result, sstudents are often
 Iincluded an infrared base station
in the ceiling for LAN connectivity drowned with information and
forced into a “heads down”
approach to learning

Universal computing environment
The infrastructure of the ubiquitous
computing environment may be organized
and structured as a cyber equivalent of an
ecosystem, a very complex, dynamic
infrastructure.
A ubiquitous computing system is a
integrated system of computing resources,
devices, services, and the ubiquitous
computing environment (UCE) that provides
a communication framework to connect all
of the components.
• this architecture was used as the basis
for the implementation of BEACH
• it provides the functionality for
synchronous cooperation and
interaction with room ware
components
Conclusion
Strengths
• The paper identifies certain key features
of Ubiquitous applications
• Exemplifies these features with real-life
projects
• Correlates SE challenges pertaining to
such pattern of application development
• Accordingly, it proposes changes that
need to be inculcated in the stream of
Software Engineering
Weakness
- The paper only looks into ‘Rapid
Prototyping’ paradigm of application
development
- It overlooks other models and
approaches available for UbiComp
application development.
Live board
Other devices ubiquitous devices