ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2 2nd Term; SY 2020-2021

PERFORMANCE TASK
PIG’S HEART DISSECTION DEMONSTRATION VIDEO

Introduction
Mammals have four-chambered hearts and double circulation. The heart of a bird or mammal
has two atria and two completely separated ventricles. The double-loop circulation is similar to
amphibians and reptiles, but the oxygen-rich blood is completely separated from oxygen-poor
blood. The left side of the heart handles only oxygenated blood, and the right side receives
and pumps only deoxygenated blood. With no mixing of the two kinds of blood, and with a
double circulation that restores pressure after blood has passed through the lung capillaries,
delivery of oxygen to all parts of the body for cellular respiration is enhanced.

Objective
Using a pig heart, students will observe the major chambers, valves, and vessels of the heart
and be able to describe the circulation of blood through the heart to the lungs and back and out
to the rest of the body. (The pig heart is used because it is very similar to the human heart in
structure, size, & function.)

Materials:
Dissecting pan, wash cloth or plastic cover, dissecting kit, safety glasses, lab gown, pig heart,
gloves and camera or mobile phone for video and audio recording

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Make a video demonstration of Pig’s Heart Dissection.
2. Examine the heart and locate the thin membrane or pericardium that still covers
the heart. The pericardium or pericardial sac, is a double-layered closed sac that
surrounds the heart and anchors it.
3. After examining the pericardium, carefully remove this tissue. Located below the
pericardium is the muscle of your heart called the myocardium. Most of the myocardium
is located in the lower two chambers of the heart called ventricles.
4. Locate the tip of the heart or the apex. Only the left ventricle extends all the way
to the apex.
5. Place the heart in the dissecting pan so that the front or ventral side is towards
you (the major blood vessels are on the top and the apex is down). The front of the

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2 2nd Term; SY 2020-2021

heart is recognized by a groove that extends from the right side of the broad end of the
heart diagonally to a point above & to your left of the apex.
Front or Ventral Side of the Heart - Locate the following chambers of the heart this
surface and pin
● Left atria - upper chamber to your right
● Left ventricle - lower chamber to your right
● Right atria - upper chamber to your left
● Right ventricle - lower chamber to your left
6. While the heart is still in this position in the dissecting pan, locate these blood
vessels at the broad end of the heart:
7. Coronary artery - this blood vessel lies in the groove on the front of the heart & it
branches over the front & the back side of the heart to supply fresh blood with oxygen &
nutrients to the heart muscle itself.
8. Pulmonary artery - this blood vessel branches & carries blood to the lungs to
receive oxygen & can be found curving out of the right ventricle (upper chamber to your
left)
9. Aorta - major vessel located near the right atria & just behind the pulmonary
arteries to the lungs. Locate the curved part of this vessel known as the aortic arch.
Branching from the aortic arch is a large artery that supplies blood to the upper body.
10. Pulmonary veins - these vessels return oxygenated blood from the right & left
lungs to the left atrium (upper chamber on your right)
11. Inferior & Superior Vena Cava - these two blood vessels are located on your left
of the heart and connect to the right atrium (upper chamber on your left). Deoxygenated
blood enters the body through these vessels into the right receiving chamber. Use your
probe to feel down into the right atrium. These vessels do not contain valves to control
blood flow.

Procedure - Internal Anatomy

12.Use scissors to cut through the side of the pulmonary artery and continue cutting down
into the wall of the right ventricle. Be careful to just cut deep enough to go through the
wall of the heart chamber. (Your cutting line should be above & parallel to the groove of
the coronary artery.)
13.With your fingers, push open the heart at the cut to examine the internal structure. If
there is dried blood inside the chambers, rinse out the heart.
14.Locate the right atrium. Notice the thinner muscular wall of this receiving chamber.
15.Find where the inferior & superior vena cava enter this chamber & notice the lack of
valves.
16.Locate the valve that between the right atrium and right ventricle. This is called the
tricuspid valve. This valve allows blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2 2nd Term; SY 2020-2021

during diastole (period when the heart is relaxed). When the heart begins to contract
(systole phase), ventricular pressure increases until it is greater than the pressure in the
atrium causing the tricuspid to snap closed.
17.Use your fingers to feel the thickness of the right ventricle and its smooth lining. Also
note the network of irregular muscular cords on the inner wall of this chamber.
18.Find the septum on the right side of the right ventricle. This thick muscular wall
separates the right & left pumping ventricles from each other.
19.Inside the right ventricle, locate the pulmonary artery that carries blood away from this
chamber. Find the one-way valve called the pulmonary valve that controls blood flow
away from the right ventricle at the entrance to this blood vessel.
20.Using your scissors, continue to cut open the heart. Start a cut on the outside of the left
atrium downward into the left ventricle cutting toward the apex to the septum at the
center groove. Push open the heart at this cut with your fingers & rinse out any dried
blood with water.
21.Examine the left atrium. Find the openings of the pulmonary veins form the lungs.
Observe the one-way, semi-lunar valves at the entrance to these veins.
22.Inside this chamber, look for the valve that controls blood flow between the upper left
atrium and lower left ventricle. This valve is called the bicuspid or mitral valve, place a
pin #12. This valve consists of two leaflets & blood flows from the left atrium into the left
ventricle during diastole.
23.Examine the left ventricle. Notice the thickness of the ventricular wall. This heart
chamber is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.
24.Using your scissors, cut across the left ventricle toward the aorta & continue cutting to
expose the valve.
25.Count the three flaps or leaflets on this valve leading from the left ventricle into the aorta
and note their half-moon shape. This is called the aortic valve.
26.Using scissors, cut through the aorta and examine the inside. Find the hole or coronary
sinus in the wall of this major artery. This leads into the coronary artery which carries
blood to and nourishes the heart muscle itself.

PONTIFICAL AND ROYAL

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITYOF THE
PHILIPPINES
Senior High School – Health Allied

2nd Term / SY 2020-2021

Performance Task Year NAME OF MEMBERS:
and Section: ____
ACTIVITY: Pig’s Heart Dissection ______________________

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2 2nd Term; SY 2020-2021

______________________
______________________
Date of ______________________
Date Submitted ______________________
Implementation
________________ ______________________
___________________
_ __ ______________________
__
______________________

ANALYTIC RUBRICS

Category 4 3 2 1 TOTAL

Scientific Demonstration is relevant Demonstration is relevant Demonstration has little Demonstration is

Concepts and to material discussed in to material discussed in
Professionalism class. Student shows a class, but student does not
complete understanding show an complete
of topic. understanding of topic.
Respectable at all times.
Shows extensive practice
Very few moments of a
and preparation. No
careless attitude. Majority
safety issues during
of the time conducts
demonstration.
themselves in a
respectable manner.
Shows practice and
preparation. Minor
problems with safety
during demonstrations.
Organization & All materials present and Have all materials present
Presentation easily assessible. and mostly organized so
Demonstration runs the demonstration can run
smoothly. smoothly. Minor
Good eye contact and problems that do not
voice projection hinder the overall
maintained throughout effectiveness of the
the entire presentation. demonstration.
Detailed explanation of
demonstration topic to
Eye Contact and Voice
audience
Projection maintained
through the majority of
the presentation. Minor
lapses in explanation of
demonstration topic to
audience. Overall
effectiveness not effected.
Enthusiasm Facial expressions and Facial expressions and
body language generate a body language sometimes
strong interest and generate a strong interest
enthusiasm about the and enthusiasm about the
topic in others. topic in others.
relevance to classroom unrelated to
discussions and material. anything discussed
student shows limited in class. Student X4
understanding of topic. shows no
Careless during knowledge of
demonstration. Shows topic.
lack of practice and Does not take
preparation. Shows very demonstration
little knowledge of safety seriously. Very
procedures. careless. Lax
attitude toward
assignment. Shows
no signs of
practice or
preparation.
Shows no regard
for safety.
Have all materials Did not prepare all X4
present, but not organized materials to
in a way that the complete lab
demonstration can run demonstration.
smoothly. Does not make eye
Eye Contact and Voice contact or project
Projection limited. voice so that
Limited explanation of people can hear it.
demonstration topic to Does not explain
audience. demonstration
topic to audience.
Facial expressions and Very little use of
body language are used to facial expressions
try to generate or body language.
enthusiasm, but seem Did not generate
somewhat faked. much interest in
topic being
presented.

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2 2nd Term; SY 2020-2021

Effectiveness Project includes all Project includes most Project is missing more Buttons are not X2
material needed to gain a material needed to gain a than two key elements. It adequately labeled
comfortable comfortable would make an and placement of
understanding of the understanding of the incomplete study guide. buttons appears
topic. It is a highly material but is lacking random from card
effective study guide. one or two key elements. to card.
It is an adequate study
guide.
Time The video demonstration The video demonstration The video demonstration The video
management is done with exactly the is typically good, though seems to need more demonstration
and material right amount of detail it seems to drag editing. It is noticeably needs extensive
duration throughout. It does not somewhat OR need too long or too short in editing. It is too
seem too short nor does it slightly more detail in one more than one section. long or too short to
seem too long. or two sections. be interesting.
PEER EVALUATION: (2 points) Pls write after the scores after the names of your members above. To be accomplish by
group leader

Remarks: TOTAL /50

Action, Prepping, Transition. DIALOGUE

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2
PIG’S HEART DISSECTION
DEMONSTRATION VIDEO
Using a pig heart, students will observe the
major chambers, valves, and vessels of the
heart and be able to describe the circulation
of blood through the heart to the lungs and
back and out to the rest of the body.
Preparation:
KATE:
*Stand in the background with only the
uniform worn
*Stand in the background wearing ust shs
safety glasses
*Stand in the background wearing ust shs
safety glasses, lab gown,
*Stand in the background wearing ust shs
safety glasses, lab gown, gloves.
*Transition would be napuputol putol tas mag
nalang na meron nang suot.
NEXT: Med paraphernalia
Prep for dissection phase:
Dissection phase
*With the paraphernalia laid out, and the heart at the
middle
External anatomy Dissection:
Pericardium (thin membrane)
Remove pericardium  Myocardium
University of Santo Tomas, Senior High School
2nd Term; SY 2020-2021
1 As a Health Allied student who is inclined to pursue
a medical career, dissecting and observing several
organs are a must. Today you will accompany me as I
dissect a pig’s heart! Let’s proceed!
2 Before we begin dissecting, we first have to prepare
our medical equipment necessary for our dissection.
ust shs Prior to any medical procedures, we would first need
to wear personal protective equipment
uniform, 3 Safety glasses
uniform, A lab gown
uniform, And gloves
aappear
4 Our medical equipment for the dissection: A
dissecting pan, a wash cloth or a plastic cover, a
dissecting and a dissecting kit.
5 You may be wondering why we are using a pig’s
heart as a specimen. To answer your question, a pig’s
heart is utilized for dissection because a pig’s heart is
very similar in structure, size and function to that of
human hearts.
6 Like a human heart, a pig heart also has four
chambers, two atriums and two ventricles, four valves
and an aorta. With these similarities, it allows blood to
flow through a pig’s heart the same way it flows in a
human heart.
7 Moreover, since pig hearts are readily available
compared to human hearts which are in demand for
organ transplants, this makes it ideal for research and
study.
8 Now that we are prepared and our dissecting
paraphernalia laid out in front of us, we may now
begin dissecting.
9 Now that we have the pig heart bare and untouched,
this thin membrane that covers the heart is called the
pericardium or the pericardial sac, it is a double-
layered closed sac that surrounds the heart and
anchors it.
10 Removing the pericardium reveals beneath the
myocardium, the muscle of the heart. The
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2
Locating the Apex
Place heart in dissecting pan.
Show the left atria and then pin it (Upper chamber to
your right)
Show left ventricle and then pin it (lower chamber to
your right)
Show right atria and then pin it (upper chamber to
your left)
Show right ventricle and then pin it (lower chamber to
your left)
*transition Blood vessels
Coronary artery (lying in the groove on the front of the
heart) Show (and pin?)
Pulmonary artery (on the upper chamber to your left)
Show (and pin?)
Aorta Show (and pin?)
Aortic branch Show (and pin?)
Pulmonary veins Show (and pin?)
Inferior & Superior vena cava show and (pin?)
(located on your left and connected to the right atrium
which is the upper chamber on your left)
Transition: Internal Anatomy
Use scissors to cut through the side of the pulmonary
artery and continue cutting down into the wall of the
right ventricle. Be careful to just cut deep enough to
go through the wall of the heart chamber. (Your
cutting line should be above & parallel to the groove of
the coronary artery.)
With your fingers, push open the heart at the cut to
examine the internal structure. If there is dried blood
inside the chambers, rinse out the heart.
University of Santo Tomas, Senior High School
2nd Term; SY 2020-2021
myocardium is located in the two lower chambers of
the heart called the ventricles.
11 This is the apex. The only ventricle extending all
the way to the apex is the left ventricle.
12 Placing the heart in the dissecting pan, one way
that I can be certain that the front of the heart is
towards me is by the groove that extends from the
right side of the broad end of the heart diagonally to a
point above & and to the left of the apex. On top are
the major blood vessels and at the bottom, the apex.
13 This is the left atria
This is the left ventricle
This is the right atria
This is the right ventricle
14 This is the coronary artery; this lies in the groove
on the front of the heart & it branches over the front &
the back side of the heart to supply fresh blood with
oxygen & nutrients to the heart muscle itself.
15 Curving out of the right ventricle, is the pulmonary
artery which is a blood vessel that branches & carries
blood to the lungs to receive oxygen.
16 Located near the right atria behind the pulmonary
arteries to the lungs is a major blood vessel known as
the aorta.
17 The curved part of the aorta is known as the aortic
arch. It supplies blood to the upper body.
18 There are four pulmonary veins, each two are from
each lung which return oxygenated blood from the
right and left lungs to the left atrium.
19 Connected to the right atrium is the inferior and
superior vena cava. Deoxygenated blood enters the
body through these blood vessels
20 Using a probe to feel down into the right atrium,
you can feel that these blood vessels do not contain
any valves to control blood flow.
21 Now that we have covered the external anatomy of
the pig’s heart, we proceed with the internal anatomy
22 To have access inside the heart, I will use scissors
to cut through the side of the pulmonary artery into the
wall of the right ventricle.
23 To further open the heart, I will use my fingers to
push open the cut I made earlier.
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2
Locate the right atrium. Notice the thinner muscular
wall of this receiving chamber.
Find and gesture to where the inferior & superior vena
cava enter this chamber & notice the lack of valves.
Locate the valve between the right atrium and right
ventricle
Use your fingers to feel the thickness of the right
ventricle and its smooth lining. Also note the network
of irregular muscular cords on the inner wall of this
chamber
Find the septum on the right side of the right ventricle.
Show (and pin?)
Inside the right ventricle, locate the pulmonary artery
that carries blood away from this chamber. Find the
one-way valve called the pulmonary valve that
controls blood flow away from the right ventricle at the
entrance to this blood vessel.
Using your scissors, continue to cut open the heart.
Start a cut on the outside of the left atrium downward
into the left ventricle cutting toward the apex to the
septum at the center groove. Push open the heart at
this cut with your fingers & rinse out any dried blood
with water.
Examine the left atrium. Find the openings of the
pulmonary veins form the lungs. Observe the one-
way, semi-lunar valves at the entrance to these veins.
Inside this chamber, look for the valve that controls
blood flow between the upper left atrium and lower left
ventricle. This valve is called the bicuspid or mitral
valve, place a pin #12. This valve consists of two
leaflets & blood flows from the left atrium into the left
ventricle during diastole.
Examine the left ventricle. Notice the thickness of the
ventricular wall. This heart chamber is responsible for
pumping blood throughout the body.
Using your scissors, cut across the left ventricle
toward the aorta & continue cutting to expose the
valve.
Count the three flaps or leaflets on this valve leading
from the left ventricle into the aorta and note their half-
moon shape. This is called the aortic valve.
Using scissors, cut through the aorta and examine the
University of Santo Tomas, Senior High School
2nd Term; SY 2020-2021
24 Situational (With blood): Since there is dried blood
hindering me from having a clear view of the chamber,
I will now rinse it out.
25 With the right atrium in view, I notice that this
receiving chamber has a thin muscular wall.
26 from where the inferior & superior vena cava
enters, I can confirm the lack of valves.
27 Between the right atrium and the right ventricle is a
valve called the tricuspid valve. This valve allows
blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle
during diastole (period when the heart is relaxed).
When the heart begins to contract (systole phase),
ventricular pressure increases until it is greater than
the pressure in the atrium causing the tricuspid to
snap closed.
28 With access to the right ventricle, I notice the thick
walls of this ventricle and how it has a smooth lining. I
can also notice a network of irregular muscular cords
on the inner wall of this chamber.
29 Separating the right & left pumping ventricles from
each other is a thick muscular wall called the septum.
30 Inside the right ventricle is a one-way valve called
the pulmonary valve that controls blood flow away
from the right ventricle at the entrance to the
pulmonary artery.
31 To further open the heart, I am using the scissors
to start a cut on the outside of the left atrium
downward into the left ventricle cutting toward the
apex to the septum at the center groove. And the
push open at the cut with my fingers.
32 Situational (With blood): Since there is dried blood,
I will now rinse it out
33 in the left atrium, at the openings of the pulmonary
veins from the lungs, are the semi-lunar valves.
34 Also, in the left atrium, is a valve that controls
blood flow between the upper left atrium and lower left
atrium called the bicuspid or mitral valve, named as
such because it consists of two leaflets. Blood flows
from the left atrium into the left ventricle during
diastole.
35 Since the left ventricle is responsible for pumping
blood throughout the body, its ventricular walls are
thick.
36 To further expose the valves, I will use scissors to
cut across the left ventricle toward the aorta.
37 One, two, three half-moon shaped leaflets, this is
called the aortic valve which leads from the left
ventricle and into the aorta.
38 Lastly, to obtain a view inside the aorta, I will cut
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2
inside. Find the hole or coronary sinus in the wall of
this major artery. This leads into the coronary artery
which carries blood to and nourishes the heart muscle
itself.
CREDITS
University of Santo Tomas, Senior High School
2nd Term; SY 2020-2021
through with scissors. The coronary sinus or the hole
in the wall of the aorta, leads into the coronary artery
which carries blood to and nourishes the heart muscle
itself.
39 And with that, we are now done with the dissection.
I hope you learned a lot from this simple dissection
demonstration video. Thank you!
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