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Abstract:
A study of polymethine dyes was done using a spectrophotometer in
excited energy states and the effects of the polymethine chain on the
522 nm. Data for the λmax for 1,1-diethyl-2,2-carbocyanine iodide, PCI, was
dicarbocyanine iodide, DDI, was determined to be 692 nm. Results for the
compared to the literary values. Theoretical values for the λmax were also
calculated. All the experimental values produced values closer to the literary
values than the theoretical values. Literary values for λ max were 524 nm
THE REAL QUESTION IS HOW WELL THE EXPERIMENTAL VALUES AGREE WITH
Introduction:
Polymethine dyes can be essential tools in further analyzingTHE DYES
DON’T ANALYZE ANYTHING the free electron model. The main reason it is
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analyzing the free model is that it is known for having an ideal excited
conditions must be met, and the conditions are that the molecular structure
because its structure is set up to where the length of its polymethine chain
Another advantage that polymethine dyes have that makes them ideal
rings have the ability to twist so that the polymethine chain enhances the
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because of the polymethine chain then so does the absorption intensity and
distinguishable from the rest of the wavelengths because at this time there
Results:
Solutions of DCI, PCI, and DDI where prepared in methanol as a
Each solution was then analyzed using the spectrophotometer. NOW YOU’VE
GOT IT Data obtained from the spectrophotometer was the absorbance band
location and the wavelength that the absorbance occurred at. This
maximum wavelength , and in order to better gauge the ideal location of the
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Table 4. Figure 1, 2, and 3 include the graphs of the absorbance versus the
1,1-Diethyl-2,2-Cyanine Iodide(DCI)
Sample Peaks Absorbance
227 nm 1.5760 AU
490 nm 1.7841 AU
522 nm 2.4379 AU
Table 1
1,1-Diethyl-2,2-Carbocyanine Iodide(PCI)
Sample Peaks Absorbance
236 nm 1.2449 AU
217 nm 1.2709 AU
563 nm 2.7611 AU
Table 2
324 nm 0.6309 AU
692 nm 0.9888 AU
238 nm 1.7310 AU
Table 3
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Table 4WHY NOT PLACE THE EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED VALUES AND THE
EXPERIMENTAL ONES IN THE SAME TABLE
Discussion:
According to Table 1 the experimental value for the maximum
AU. While Table 2 reported that PCI had a maximum wave length of 563 nm
values for the maximum wave lengths indicated that DCI should have a
λmax of 524 nm, PCI should have a λmax of 606 nm, and DDI should have a
λmax of 707 nm (Brian O’Regan, 1995). The values for the DCI and DDI are
very similar to the literary values. However, the PCI values are off slightly
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from the literary values. PCI maybe off from the literary value because of
the fact that the PCI in the experiment was analyzed in methanol as a
solvent while the literary value was analyzed in ethanol as a solvent. The
solvent that is used has a role in the absorption band read and λmax
obtained, because the solvent plays a major role in the rate of the
Calculations for the theoretical maximum wave length were done using
equation 1. The results for these theoretical maximum wave length values
are indicated by Table 4 as being 437.15 nm for DCI, 564.54 nm for PCI, and
691.93 nm for DDI. PCI and DDI were the polymethine dyes that had
experimental values. However, the DCI had a theoretical value that was very
reason for these value differences are that the theoretical values are
The main reason for determining the λ max is to analyze how the free
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with the longest polymethine chain was DDI and it had the highest value for
λ max.
absorbance and the wave length. However, Figure 1 and Figure two both
illustrate on their graph that as the absorbance increased so did the wave
lengths of the peaks creating a positive slope. While Figure 3 show that as
negative slope. To explain why this trend was prevalent in the data set; it is
but due to the large molecular groups being present this leads to an increase
absorbance intensity, but with the increase in steric hindrance this lead to a
absorbance intensity is why Figure 3 has the graph of DDI versus the wave
structurally DDI has the largest groups on its polymethine chain of the
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the effects that molecular structure have on the ability to attain excited and
ground state energy levels. The data obtained while observing the
the solvent choice on the spectra by having future experiments with several
the spectrophotometer.
Works Cited
1. PICOSECOND TIME RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE LIFETIMES. Treadwell, C.J. and
Keary, C.M. London : North Holland Publishing Company, April 4, 1979, Journal of
Chemical Physics, Vol. 43, pp. 307-316.
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