ALTERNATIVE NETWORK LETTER
A Third World Tourism Communication
And Information Alternative
For Private Circulation Only
Africa's
Tourism potential
he African tourist region occupies 11,706,116 square miles, the
T world's second largest landmass - after Eurasia. Putting this in
perspective, the United States, China, Europe, India, Argentina
and New Zealand with a total of 11,668,035 square miles would fit into
Africa with an excess of several thousand square miles. Africa has the
unique asset of being the only continent positioned astride the equator
and extending almost to latitude 35 °South and beyond 35°North. It is
impossible for a tourist to see or explore this region on a single trip. It,
stretches about 5,000 miles form Bizerte in Tunisia to Cape Agulhas in '
South Africa. The east-west distance is almost the same, from Dakar in
Senegal to Cape Gardafui in Somalia.
The result of its geographical location and large size is a tou rist region
endowed with multiple physical tourism resources which include a
diverse array of relief forms, topography, fauna, flora, maritime and
aquatic resources. Similarly, the assemblage of historical and cultural
tourism resources are phenomenal. These include the interface of four
historical periods: the prehistorical elements based on Africa as the·
cradle of mankind, relics of traditional African Kingdoms and civiliza-'
tions, exogenous cultural elements derived from Arab adventurism,
and European colonisation, al'1d, since the late 1950s, the diverse
sociocultural elements in each of the 35 tourist destinations, most of :
which are sovereign independent nations.
Historical Resources
Africa's rich history from precolonial to the modern period consti­
tutes a vast resource for tourism development. Among the best known
are the Pharoanic monuments which include the pyramids, tombs, and
templ,es of Egypt, some dating as far back as the Middle Kingdom from
1789 to 200 B C. Sub-Saharan Africa's resources include the monuments
of Timbuktu in modern Mali which are only a small part of the remains
of the West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai from the
period 700 to 1600 A D. Remains of these civilizations are not merely
physical monuments, pyramids, or temples. They embody the history
,of well-organised and fairly advanced African political, e~onomic, and
social systems which were disrupted by European expansionism and,
eventual subjugation. For example, the imposing remains of the Zim­
babwe kingdom provide evidence of power, ordered settlement, and
economic prosperity prior to the twelfth century. The ruins, located a ,
few miles southeast of Fort Victoria in Modern Zimbabwe, are charac­
terized by massive walls and towers, rounded gateways and strategic
settings. ' of the dice.
Cultural tourism aims at providing the tourist with understanding of
the history embodied in these resources. Unfortunately, very little of
the physical structures remain. They were destroyed through the wars
which subjected Africa to European rule, orthrough slave trading,lead­
ing to abandonment of African settlements. Sophisticated art works of
gold, copper, brass and ivory were also looted from the continent.
In order to develop historical resources in Africa, attempts are now,
being made to restore visible ruins and provide re-enactments of the;
coned. overleaf
Vol. 4 No.1 January 1988
Lucky Strike
A lot of hue and cry has been raised over the Union Government's
recent announcement that the latest tourism-generating gimmick on
the cards for India are exclusive casinos for foreigners. Sceptics include
those for whom this is a threat to Indian society and 'moral' culture:
others who argue that the casinos should be open to local gamblers
(and that, in fact, 'foreigners only' casinos are illogical and impossible);
to many within the industry who feel that India is notthe kind of desti­
nation which tourists are likely to associate with gambling.
As with most ill-timed, un-reasoned governmental plans, the
Tourism Minister has hastily retreated from the ann'ouncement,
stating that this was just one of many ideas discussed by the Joint Com­
mission on Tourism. No concrete steps have yet been taken-to i'mple'­
ment it. He has no idea that massage parlours could possibly co-exist
with casinos. And so on,
The Andamans have for some time now been portrayed as the next
major tourism development area. Lacking the cultural history and col­
our of Goa, the Government hopes to attract visitors with duty-free
shopping, water-sports, casinos and other 21st century diversions.
Environmentalists have already warned against these plans, which
could only have terrible consequences for the fragile socio-cultural
II EDITORIAL
eco-system of the islands. Not to speak of the impacts it could have on
the simple islanders, who have long lived in cherished isolation.
Our country has enough resources- natural, cultural, historical and
economic for us not to jump onto every passing bandwagon waving a
welcome flag to all manner of international visitors. The worldwide
media hype on India (Festivals, 'raj' movies) certainly has contributed
to an increased awareness and renewed interest among many visitors.
But it is hardly necessary to keep the interest alive with new and dubi­
ous attractions~
- . .
What is urgently required, yet rarely given attention to, is a revamp­
ing of the domestic transport system of roads and railways, along with
an emphasis on small budget hotels. According to available statistics,
the majority of tourists in India travel on low budgets, and such policy
measures would obviously give this sector a boost. Moreover, it would
provide greater incentives to the much-harassed domestic tourist.
Somebody in power should sit up and take note, before it is too late.
There is far too much at stake for tourism decisions to resemble a roll
Paul Gonsalves
Wishing all our readers
peace, hope and fulfilment
through 1988
 2
conrd. from paJ;?1! I
past. For example, Ghana's tourism plans include restoration of forts
and castles important to the early history of the Gold Coast. One of
these, the Cape Coast castle, built in 1662, is now developed into the
West African Historical Museum, the onl-..; such museum in western
Africa. .
has also had a major influence on Western music. These include
Cultural Resources
Given the ethnic and cultural diversity within individual African
countries, the cultural resources of the ~hole continent are pheno­
menal. These include annual festivals, open markets, crafts, and visual
and performing arts.
Each ethnic group has its own festivals to celebrate planting and har­
vesting of crops, to mark religious occasions, and to honour the living,
or the dead. As an example of the diversity, Ghana promotes no fewer
'han 48 main festivals throughout the year. Zambia has festivals of
tiona I prominence, such as the famous Kuomboka of the Lozl
:)ple. Festivals end typically with the durbar, or parade, of the tradi­
"rial political hierarchy of chiefs and elders, with drumming and danc­
,lg, \-, He the community pays tribute to thei r leaders. Such events pro­
'ide tourists with a rare glimpse of the indigenous political institutions
of Africa.
Markets are as much a prominent feature of African life as they were
before the Europeans arrived'. Indeed. open markets are institutions in
themselves, with weekly or monthly market days attracting sellers and
Objects and performances considered
"art" by outsiders have traditionally
not been in glass cases and museu ms,
but integrated into daily life
and religious observances.
buyers from great distances. Visiting an African market can be an edu:
cational experience. For example, learning about the agricultural
potential of a country through seeing the variety of crops; gaining
insight into entrepreneurial skills of Africans (espeCially the business­
women); and engaging oneself in a different form of purchasing ritual
(haggling). In the markets, too, as in the growing number of boutiques
and craft centres cateringto tourists, it is possible to get a sampling of
the rich and diverse artistic skills which still flourish in Africa today:
precision crafts of kente-weaving in Ghana; leather making in North,
East, and Central Africa; metalwork in West Africa; and fine examples
of sculpture, textiles, pottery, basketry, jewelry from all over the
. continent.
As with tourism everywhere, the finest an-d most representative arts
of the country are not easily accessible to the average traveller, and
especially so in Africa, where objects and performances considered
"art" by outsiders have traditionally not been in glass cases, museums,
and public theaters, but have been integrated into daily life and/or
associated with religious and ritualistic observances. With the growing
recognition of their culture as an important aspect of their national
eluded its S·year project. Zimbabwe, with such popular sites as Victoria
image (not to mention the commercial value placed by Europeans and
Americans on their art), more countries have begun paying attention to
improving their museums and performing groups. Cultural festivals,
featuring both modern and traditional art, are staged more frequently
at cultural "villages" for tourists and local residents.
It should also be pointed out that some African and non-African
entrepreneurs are less interested in cultunil promotion "than In "per­
sonal profit. These people have set-up thriving businesses of "airport
art" (cheap, mass-produced imitations) to lure the naive traveller into
buying "authentic" African art .. There are also the setups in which
groups of exotic "natives" will, for a price, perform obligingly for the
tourist's camera. Again, this aspect of tourism is not unique, but in,
Africa it is more prevalent because, until recently, tourism has been:
organised by and for non-Africans. African art continues to evolve as all
art forms do. African music provides a good example of the evolution.
It still has the traditional rhythm which was "exported" by slaves to:
South America, the Caribbean and the United States. However Africa's
present generation of artists, have created a new popular music that
Nigeria's juju, Ghana's Hi-Life, and Zaire's LingaJa music. ail of which
have some roots in traditional music. Travellers of Africa can enjoy this
kind of music almost anywhere. Moreover, they can take home
souvenirs of their cultural experience in the form of records, African
dresses and shirts - bubu and dashiki - T-shirts with African slogans,
and examples of crafts and jewelry.
Level of Tourism Development
Global tourist arrivals and receipts from tourist expenditures in 1984
were 300 million and US $100 billion, respectively, making tourism the
second largest item in international trade after oil. Tourism distribution
is highly skewed in favour of Europe (68%) and the Americas (17.6%),"
which received a total of 85.6% of the arrivals, and 81.7% of receipts in
1984. By contrast, Africa had only 2.5% of arrivals, and 2.2% of total
receipts.
Another characteristic of the African tourist industrY is its concentra-,
tion in a few countries: Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Kenya together
account for about 70 percent of the total arrivals and a major part of the
revenue. Also Africa's tourist industry is interregional rather than
intraregional as found in Europe and North America. In other words,
Africa depends on tourists from outside the continent, mostly from
Europe and North America.
Two observations are noteworthy: Africa's proportion of tourist arri­
vals and receipts have remained nearly the same between 1972 and'
1984. Second, whereas regions such as South Asia, East Asia and Pacific
experienced Significant shifts to more intraregional tourist movement
between 1973 and 1983, Africa's dependence on interregional tourism
has remained very high.
Still Africa has a high rate of tourism expansion in individual coun­
tries. According to a study by the World Tourism Organisation, 26 Afri­
can countries (or 47%) have included tourism in their national develop­
ment plans. Tanzania's current 10-year development involved a $181.7 :
million expenditure on tourism expansion. Angola is undertaking a $
210 million hotel development programme, while Zambia has con- .
The host populations soon recognise
that any item of culture can command
its price: a carving, a ruin, a ritual.
In Tunisia, mock wedding ceremonies were
staged, at a price, for unsuspecting
tourists, as far back as 1974.
Falls, Wankie National Park and Great Zimbabwe, has launched a major
effort to market its natural and cultural resources internationally. In the
light of current expansion and forecasts of future growth in Africa's
international tourism, it is appropriate to examine some of the issues
related to the industry'S development.
Some Questions
Most arguments for tourism expansion in Africa are economic, but
there are also advocates from other viewpoints : social, cultural,
environmental, even political.
The economic argument claims tourism can provide an answer to
Africa's serious problems of trade imbalance with industrialised coun-,
tries, bringing in substantial foreign exchange to be spent on accom­
 3
contd. from page 2

modation, food, transport and locally-produced goods. Also, foreign

investors could help finance such infrastructures as hotels, airports,
A New Internationalist Traveller'S Code

water systems, electricity and roads. Tourism, as a service industry,

could provide jobs for large numbers of unemployed Africans. Unlike
manufacturing industry, tourism takes only a short time to generate
revenue for the destination country.
Often cited as socio-cultural and environmental benefits from
tourism are preservation of physical environment and wildlife through
development of game parks, conservations of cultural heritage and his­
torical sites, and promotion of arts and festivals. Other benefits com­
monly identified are a sense of pride in one's own culture as a result of
seeing it sought after by outsiders, the fostering of international under­
standing and cooperation, and promotion of domestic tourism by local
residents.
There are serious questions however. One negative argument is that
because of limited manufacturing and agricultural sectors to support
domestic needs, African countries are forced to increase imports to
meet the extra demands of tourists from Europe and North America for
food, drinks and construction activity. Air charter companies are often
subsidiaries of major international airlines, some of which have
invested in hotels in Africa, such as the Intercontinental, Hilton and
Sheraton. Sometimes they even own car rental agencies on the ground.
Tourists usually come on a package paid at the point of origin, outside
the destination countries which receive only a small proportion of the
total revenue. Additional outflow of foreign exchange takes place
through commissions, management fees and repatriation of profits, by
foreign companies. In areas of tourism expansion there is usually a
fairly well developed black market in currencies, which adds further to
this leakage.
Arguments for tourism's capacity to generate jobs for the
unemployed are counteracted by a number of effects: perpetuation of
a perceived colonial master-servant relationship; alienation of people
from land and rural development; resettlement of farmers and hunters
Wha+\s Courtemts af-ho~e
from lands converted into game parks, and fishermen from beaches
turned to resorts. Without strong pressure groups within Africa, the
MaLt be '~suJn~ e{s€wVlere.
international hotels usually prevail in getting local residents moved and
resettled in areas inferior to the pursuit of their livelihood.
Be~€NIsit1ve to (oc;ll eush>~8.
T.here is always the risk that benefits to African countries will be
negated by disruptions in traditional lifestyles, erosion of cultural val­
ues and loss of stabilizing customs. The host populations soon learn
that foreign tourists are intrigued by many day-to-day behaviour pat­
terns. Consequently, they recognize that any item of culture can com­ Albania opens its Doors
mand its price: a carving, a ruin, a dance, or a ritual. As far back as 1974, to Tourists
the demand to see local weddings in Tunisia had far outstripped supply
with the result that mock ceremonies were staged, at a price, for the The hard-line communist state of Albania is cautiously opening its
unsuspecting tourists. borders to a growing number of curious travellers.
The youth of Africa appear to be very vulnerable to the potential "We welcome foreigners", said Shkelqim, an official who often
social impacts of the demonstration effects of tourism. Blind copying of meets visiting journalists. "Albania is not closed". About 3,000 foreign­
foreign values and lifestyles has been a 'burning national issue' which er~ a year visit Albania on organised tours, compared to a trickle of
once prompted a Head of State to address his nation on the false stan­ hardy adventurers and political radicals a few years ago. The tourists/
dards that some segments of the population were setting by trying to be mainly from Europe, pay $ 300 to $ 400 a week and are slowly gaining
second-iate Europeans. access to some of Albania's more mysterious aspects - exotic ruins,
In 1971, Kenya closed its borders to 'hippies' and forbade nude unspoilt nature and its unique political system. More businessmen,
bathing on the island of Lamu .as against the Kenyan way of life. The diplomats and journalists are also coming, slowly putting Albania on
social problems become more serious in Muslim regions, which forbid the world travel map.
the consumption of alcohol and require total coverage of the female The official border is a sleepy outpost amid the trees with brief for­
body. Gambia, predominantly Muslim, invited Swedish entrepreneurs malities - a simple declaration form, cursory search of the car, a smile
to develop a tourist industry and opened the country to Swedish and a wave from frontier militia dressed in green Chinese-style
tourists. Little did they anticipate the results: uniforms. The second frontier, a few hundred metres down the road
Swedes have sometimes offended Gambian morals by appearing and round'a bend, is a hermetic seal that gave Albania its reputation as
naked on the beaches or scantily clad in the towns. As a result, the a land of bunkers. Schoolgirls in black uniform file the noon streets,
authorities have insisted on proper dress, and have been known to bound for home and an afternoon siesta. On the plain appears Tirana,
expel overland tourists who do not conform to the Gambian concept of before liberation in 1945 a tiny disease-infested, mosquito-plagued
well-dressed Westerners. (Uwechue, 1975) backwater, but now the hub of communist Albanian political life.

By Victory B.Teye in TOURISM RECREATION RESEARCH SUNDAY MID-DAY 25-10-87

 4
paradise in Peril
Nature reigns supreme in the Andamans - at least for the moment.
Virgin forests abound in the hundreds of islands set in crystal-clear,
untainted seas. Thanks to the year-round rainfall, plants grow quickly
and in great abundance. You see money-plant foliage the size of a
banana leaf, with roots and stems, to match. Ornamental croton, the
type normally planted in a pot, here assumes a 12 foot high, tree-like
stature, with a solid trunk to bear its vast proportions, and sports huge
leaves of the glossiest green, pink and flourescent yellow. Casuarina
and cashew, imported from the mainland, have taken to their new sur­
roundings like a duck to water, so that everywhere we went there were
strands of casuarina along the shore, waving to and fro like amiable,
harmless drunks, while the heady perfume of the cashew blossom has
become indelibly imprinted in my mind as the scene of the Andamans.
On our way to the tiny islands of Jolly Buoy, Cinque, Grub and Boot,
we passed through a maze of water-ways, among small and large
islands, all uninhabited, and covered thickly with forests of garjan
padauk, varieties of palm, pandanus and mangrove, while the glimpse
of a monitor lizard the size of a dog was an unforgettable experience.
At Jolly Buoy, a glass-bottomed boat was au r passport to the wonders
of the silent, underwater world. Huge fan and antler coral, the sea­
cucumbers called trepangs, and a host of other marine life, including
multicoloured tropical fish, were brought to dazzling life by the bright
sunlight, turning the depths to layers of crusheq sapphire and
aquamarine.
Marvelling at the pristine, coral beach, we later strolled into the
shade of a clump of trees, where we were in for a rude shock, for the
remains of several picnics lay scattered in all their messy ugliness. Plas­
tic bags, the trademark of modern civilisation, and dirty paper plates
stirred lazily in the clear, fresh breeze from the sea. Huge chunks of
coral, ripped off from the sea-bed, probably by the type of people who
immortalise themselves by carving their names on historical monu­
ments, were strewn all over the place, jeopardising the delicate ecolog­
icaJ balance of the reef. Since coral has a very bad smell the vandals had
probably abandoned their loot, not caring that what had taken them a
few seconds to break off, had been gradually, patiently built up over a
century or more.
Considering the fact that Jolly Buoy has only recently been opened to
the public, I shudder to think what the condition of its coral reef will be
in a few years' time. What applies to the coral reefs holds true for the
forests as well, for more trees will have to be felled, and more a"d more
space cleared for large hotels to accommodate an increasingly large
number of visitors. Unless there is a stricter vigilance, this may mean
the beginning of the end.
Usha Dravid in THE TIMES OF INDIA 21 October 1987.
LITTLE F A M I L Y .
Victim of Violence
The socia-economic pattern of the once prosperous state of Punjab
has been totally disarrayed, thanks to the imbroglio which has gripped
the state now for so manyyears. Among manyof its victims is an unsung
one -local handicrafts.
Punjab has never been known for its arts or crafts There is an oft
repeated saying that Punjab's only culture is 'agriculture'. Still various
crafts, done mainly at three important centres - Hoshiarpur, Amritsar
and Patiala - have their own distinct character.
But the present crises have dealt a severe blow to the local artisans.
The ban on the visit of foreigners to the state, who used to be the pros­
pective buyers of many of these crafts, and the overall dwindling
economic condition of the state has hit these people hard. Not only has
the demand for their work gone down, these days no one is willing to
give them advance payments.
The Punjab Government's little, and generally improvident efforts, in
the form of selling local crafts through the state owned emporia, can­
not match the big losses which the poor artisans of the state are incur­
ring at this critical juncture. More so because even the Government
emporia, for reasons better known to the authorities alone, are in the
clutches of the middlemen who are their main suppliers.
Thus the local craftsmen have already started looking for alternative
jobs for their survival. Sadly, even the glass-framed glossy certificates,
decorating the dingy walls of their houses, proclaiming them as state or
national "master-craftsmen" fail to find food for them and their
families.
INDIAN EXPRESS 18-10-87
Non-Appetit!
What's in a sandwich? Sometimes, dynamite, as the unfortunate
managing director of the state-owned Orissa Tourism Development
Corporation could tell you. Recently, the organisation had occasion to
supply lunch packets to Rajiv and Sonia Gandhi who were on one of
their customary tours of the drought-hit areas. At noon, the OTDC
lunch comprising sandwiches, fruit and sweets made its way to the first
couple;s room. Unfortunately, Gandhi, for reasons best known to him,
seemed to take exception to the victuals. For, after raising a sandwich
to his mouth, he suddenly put it back in the packet and pushed the lat­
ter aside wordlessly. Sonia, like a good Indian wife, followed suit. And
three days later, before he knewwhat hit him, the OTDC MDwas trans­
ferred. People are still trying to figure out what was in that sandwich but
one thing is crystal-clear - it sure made mince meat of the MD's career.
THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY OF INDIA 8th November 1987
RAVI SHANKAR
.. c:Ai.sCOVe.Y5" .. -.. w~th, mod.ern,
C1v{11~tion,. , e.ven,
t\te mir-cIt c{es
MV€.. cn~.;n~eJ
 5

Jagrut Goenkaranchi Fauz The Real India

The first tourists to arrive in Goa this season by the Condor charter It's not just the Indian rope trick or the snake-charmers that attract
flight were greeted by black flags, and banners telling them to go back. foreigners to India, but reasons as varied as the growing drug menace
in the Indian sub-continent to dream symbols unfolding Indian mytho­
Members of the JGF (Vigilant Goans Army), who organrsed the
logy.
demonstration, splattered the tourist buses parked at the airport with
This was revealed bv members of an assorted group of 13 social worK­
eggs, cowdung and fish. They also distributed a leaflet in German exp­
ers drawn from seve: ,I countries now in the country under a three­
laining why five-star tourists are not welcome. The demonstrators were
month "Council of International Fellowship (India)" exchange prog­
arrested by the police when they lay down in front of the buses, pre­
ramme.
venting them from leaving the airport. . . .
For Kees Van der Klundert, who has studied symbols and dreams,
I n a press release from Vasco jail, the JG Fvowed to continue Its agl~a-
,tion. The Government of Goa, meanwhile, has been forced to appoint and teaches arts and crafts for occupational therapy in Breda, a Dutch
a committee chaired by the architect, Mr. Charles Correa, to study the town, it's literally a 'dream come true', in that he began drea':ling sym­
bols which conveyed something of I ndia as also a portrayal ot the story
draft Master Plan and review the question of licences to new five-star
of Siva and Parvati: "lt's a very emotional and personal visit for me!'.
hotels. The Diocesan Pastoral Council, presided by the Archbishop of
In the case of Wolfgang Schmidt, who is a social worker with a drug
Goa, has also taken a stand on five-star tourism, asking for a year's
rehabilitation centre in Frankfurt, lithe growing drug menace in India,
moratorium on its development.
which the West is really not aware of", is something worth exploring. "I
jGF leaders were arrested again on November 14, when the second plan to do a doctoral thesis on the drug situation in India, if I can find a
charter flight arrived. Ironically, such moves will probably prove a grea­
suitable g u i d e " . . . .
ter deterrent to the industry, since tourists are likely to be put off by the The group had' just concluded a 10-day orientation pr9~ramm~,
ncreasing atmosphere of insecurity and the overwhelming police which included theoretical frameworks to understand the SOCIal, poli­
presence.
tical, economic and cultural trends prevalenf in !he c<?untry. ~ft~: ~he
We reproduce belo~ extracts from the brochure to the tourists: orientation programme, the participants would live wlth.h?st families,
We want vou to know that ~e've nothing against you individually or ' spread all over the country. Durin~ t~~ir s~ay,. each par~lclpant would
collectivelv: We cannot because we do not even know you. be placed in a welfare agency speCIaliSing In ~IS or her ~Iel? .
However, we also want you to know that you are NOT welcome to The participants would have the opportUnity to clarify Imp~es~lo~s .
Goa. We've our reasons and we want you to know them. and knowledge gained during their stay when they meet again I~
Goa and Goans do not benefit economically from chartered or "De­ December for an evaluation.
stination Tours" - because the Organising Company- Touristic Union INDIAN EXPRESS 12-11-87
International (T. U/), in this case - keeps the total economic aspects
within its own management i. e. from booking of tickets to booking the
hotel and return.
Even if we did benefit substantially from such tours, you are still NOT
welcome to Goa, because, the lUxury Hotels that are built and more
and more are sought to be built deprive our people - fisherfolk, tod­
dytappers, farmers and others - of their land, their use of the seashore
In Quotes
and even their traditional vocations. .'
These Hotels are marginalising and pauperising our p~ople - In Harish Mehta. in GENTLEMAN. October 1987.
YOUR name i.e. Tourists. ALL the Third World Countf/es where A no-sumgs-attachedeconomic helping hand from American. ALlstralian
Tourism has been taken in a big way, has pauperised the local people.
andJapanese tourism can tum the Pacific island ministates into so many
In order to satisfy your demands for leisure, pleasure and luxury, the
Hawaiis but the classic Grenada adventure reminds us that single airfields
Hotels, with full support of the Govt. deprive the peop/~ e.sse~tial co"!­ constructed to bring in Jumbojet-Ioads of tourists can also bring in
modities like water and electricity. While the Goans lIVIng In the vil­
military transport aircraft fuJJ,of coup-hungry troops. The banana skins
lages, where the big Hotels are located get water for about one hour a
littering Pacific strategic affairs are too many to count, and an island
day for all their needs, consider the amount of water these Hotels con­
with a weJJ-located harbour or a large airstrip could become apowerful
sume per day for their swimming pools, lawns, etc. _ ~_
incencive for neighbouring powers or even the two superpowers to gently
a. TajAguada Per day. 66,000gallons sidle in.
b. \Majorda Beach Resort per day. 22,OOOgallons
c. Cidade de Goa Hotel per day. 33,000gallons 5unita Narian. Centre for Science and Environment. New Delhi.
d.' Bogmalo Hotel per day. 44,OOOgal/o.ns
A recent trip to Ladakh. put me in touch with problems ofunplanned,
India has millions ofvery poor people and YOl!r super rich life-styles,
ecologicallyunsound tourism. In Ladakh. tourism has led to complete
in these luxury Hotels, become pockets of vulgarity and mockery of the
disruption ofthe local ecology and culture, Hotels have mushroomed,
poor. . .. overloading the fragile ecology ofLeh town. sewage is dumped into the
Your local agent (of T. UI) Mr. Michael Ratajczak has said In a local
open drains which were ear/ier venerated as drinking water sources in
newspaper interview on Nov. 1, 1987 (IIHera/~") that because .of
the dry desert of Ladakh. Western culture has opened the people to
increase of AIDS in Uganda, most of you of the Ftrst World countf/es
distortions and worst ofall a complete loss offaith in their own culture.
will now seek new "pastures" and Goa is one ~f them. .. . Today itis only good for the amusement and entertainment offoreigners
You do not like AIDS. We do not like AIDS either. And It IS Tourtsts­
or sale of antiques.
including German Tourists, who are responsible for spreading AIDS in
Uganda. Keep away from Goa. We too are people.
Last of all please do not come back to Goa as Tourists. Also, do us a
favour of telling your fellow country-men and fellow travellers, that
they are not welcome to Goa. Tell them our reasons.

NETWORK Vt1;> invite our readers to contribute to the Network Letter by
sharing their work, ideas and plans through these pages.
NEWS Communication is vital to the life ofa Network, especially when
ROUNDUP physical distances cannot easily be bridged by closer contacts.
Student Christian Movement of India, Bangalore
In mid-October, the KarnatakaAreaofthe SCMI invited EQUATIONS
to lead a discussion for its local members. Apart from screening audio­
visuals (including Five-Star Bubble, a programme on Goa), we also dis­
cussed emerging trends of tourism development in India, and the role
that students could play in this concern. As a result, some of those pre­
sent pledged to write to the Goan Government protesting the draft
Master Plan for tourism development (see ANL Vo13, No 3).
Ecumenical Partnership for International Concerns, Philippines
EPIC-Philippines was established in 1984 to promote bilateral links
between non-government organisations in the Philippines and
elsewhere, including organising political support to Filipino struggles
for justice and self-determination. Part of their development education
work is to provide exposure to Filipino issues through 'alternative
tourism'. This will be strengthened and expanded in 1988. Write to the
Coordinator, Mr. Anthony Gutierrez, PO Box 10315, Broadway,
Quezon City, Philippines.
Tourism - A Vital Force for Peace
The first Global Conference on this theme will be held at Vancouver.
British Columbia. Canada. from October 23-21. 1988. The conference
aims to explore and propose 'bold new steps' throuqh which the world
tourism industry can facilitate international peace. Amonq other
objectives. it wjll provide a forum for the discussion of appropriate
tourism development models in the third world. For details write to. UD'
Amore. Conference Chairman. 3680, rue de la Mon taqne. Montreal
(Quebec) Canada H3G2A8.
University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA
The Department of Urban and Regional Planning has 'initiated a
research project on 'Alternative Forms of Coastal Tourism in Hawaii',
aiming to enhance local cultural values and participation in commu­
nity-supported tourism, using local resources, and establishing equita­
ble relations between visitors and hosts. For further information, write
to Professor Luciano Minerbi at the Department, Porteus Hall 107, 2424
Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA.
Tourism Ecumenical European Network'{TEN)
__ TEN Coordinator Georg Pfafflin, after his recent visit to India, wrote
an article entitled 'The Illusion of Paradise' on tourism in Goa, which'
was published by the prestigious German newspaper, the Frankfurter
Run~schau. Regula Renschler, also an active TEN member, broad­
casted a series of interviews with Goan activists and others on Radio
DRS, Switzerland, where she hosts the 'South View' programme.
Petra Lasschuit and Riette Reijnen, Netherlands
Petra and Riette, students at the Free University of Amsterdam and
the Catholic University of Nijmegen, are now in India studying social
and economic aspects of Goan tourism as part of their academic
requirements. Both volunteers at the Third World Tourism Foundation
in Holland, their visit to India is partly coordinated by EQUATIONS.
Publishtd by: Equitable Tourism Options (EQUATIONS),
6
ANL Readers Outside India
In our last issue. we had asked international readers to either contribute
US $4.00 (or equivalent), or send us materials in exchanqe. Althouqh some
of you have written since then. we would request those who have not.
and would like to receive ,WL. to do so at their earliest. This is the last
issue ofANL to be mailed to those who do not respond to our request.
(Your contribution will cover mailinq costs for two years.)
THYrismJAssociation for World Education, Denmark
EQUATIONS is now an institutional member of AWE. Located at the
Nordenfjord World University, in the Thy region of north-western
Denmark, AWE has initiated "a new kind of desirable tourism" called
THy;:rsm:Over a period of threeweeks,-visitors have th~ opportunity of
participating in discussions led by local educators, businessmen, writ·
ers and common people. Themes such as the local cooperative move­
ment, education, church life, music, philosophy, nature and politics
are integral parts of the discussions. For details write to AWE at
Nordenfjord World University, Skyum Bjerge, 7752 Snedsted, Thy,
Denmark.
RESOURCES
The Search for Appropriate Tourism: Focus on the Third World, special
issue of Tourism Recreation Research, Vol XII No 2, 1987, Centre for
Tourism Research, A-965/6 Indira Nagar, Lucknow-226 016, India.
Edited by Dr Linda Richter, this special issue 'moves the dialogue (on
third world tourism) beyond decrying mass travel towards a more com­
plicated, relevant concern with appropriate tourism'. It includes con- '
tributions from members of the international networks concerned with'
tourism (Armin Vielhaber, Paul Gonsalves) as well as a major critique by
Professor Erik Cohen, and the compilation of a very useful bibliography
.by Leo Theuns.
- . :
Theology and Tourism in India: A Workshop Report, EQUATIONS, Banga- '
lore and the Board of Theological Ed ucation of the Senate of Serampore
College, 11?J2, Nandid.urg Extension, Bangalore-560 046.
Held in August 1987, the workshop brought together major Indian
theologians to discuss the issue of tourism, and the possible response
of the Indian Church. The report includes the workshop proceedings,
its conclusions and recommendations, as well as theme presentations
by resource persons. For copies, write to EQUATIONS. Contributions
of Rs. 10.00 in India, and US $1.75 elsewhere, to cover costs and mail­
ing.
The Public Culture Bulle.~in,_~ Carol Appadur_~i_~reckenridge, Univer- \
sity of Pennsylvania Museum, 33rd and Spruce Streets, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
This Bulletin will report and reflect current research on : the cultural
transformations associated with cities, media and consumption in con- ,
temporary societies; and on the cultural flows that draw these societies
into larger transnational dialogues. Its research scope includes domes­
tic tourism as a cosmopolitian cultural form.
10, Heerachand Layout, Jeevanahalli, Cox Town, Bangalore 560 005, INDIA.