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5. When your body metabolizes (breaks down) glucose, the glucose molecules have to go
through which biochemical pathway?
Worksheet Part II
Due on Wednesday October 31st
Alcohol & Lactic Acid Fermentation (Anaerobic pathway) Glucose Glycogen
You have learned that Glucose is metabolized by going
through the glycolysis pathway and producing pyruvate. (Glycolysis)
Pyruvate can then go through additional biochemical
modifications and become Acetyl Co-A which can either Pyruvate
enter the Kreb cycle (cellular/aerobic respiration) or turn
into Fat (lipid). Acetyle-Coenzyme A (CoA)
Glucose can also be saved in the liver in the form of
Glycogen which is a polysaccharide for short term energy (Kreb Cycle) Fatty Acid
storage. (lipid)
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1. When you first begin to exercise (when you have not been exercising for a while), after a few
minutes of exercising, you may experience muscle cramps (pain). Why do you get muscle
cramps? Begin your explanation by tracing sugar molecules’ in your cells from the time they
enter to be used for energy.
2. The following biochemical pathways start with glycolysis and continue into an anaerobic
pathway (without oxygen) called lactic acid fermentation. Label the various
compounds/molecules that enter the pathway and exit the pathway.
2ADP 2ATP
2NAD+ 2NADH
3. How would the diagram above be different for alcohol fermentation? Draw one and label it.
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Worksheet Part III Due on Friday November 2nd
Citric Acid Cycle/Kreb Cycle (Aerobic Pathway) and the ETC
Cellular respiration occurs in plants, animals, and bacteria. It is a process in which the energy
from food molecules is temporarily stored in the chemical form of ATP.
We have learned that Eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria which is an organelle in which
cellular respiration takes place. Cellular respiration includes:
A. Glycolysis: Breaking down of glucose into pyruvate using 2 ATPs, and making 4 ATPs (net
production of 2 ATPs), and using NAD+ for making NADH. This takes place in the cytoplasm.
B. Fermentation (Anaerobic pathway): Conversion of Pyruvate into Lactic Acid (animals) or
Ethanol/Alcohol (Yeast as used for bread making, wine making, and beer production). This
process is activated when the aerobic pathway is not functional (due to lack of oxygen or other
reasons). This pathway reproduces NAD+ for glycolysis so glycolysis can continue on running. It
also produces CO2. This process takes place in the cytosol. OR
B. The Kreb Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle (Aerobic pathway)-which takes place in the mitochondria.
C. The NADH and FADH2 made in this process can then enter the electron transport chain for
further extraction of energy in the form of ATP.
1. Label the various parts of the Mitochondria
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4. Fill in the missing compounds that enter and leave the cycle below:
NAD+ Coenzyme A
NADH
NAD+
FAD
Citric Acid Cycle
Kreb Cycle
CO2
GDP
8. Given that the Kreb cycle is also called the Citric Acid cycle, what compound do you think is
made in this process?
9. In order for Pyruvate to enter the Citric Acid Cycle/Kreb Cycle, it needs to be altered to
_______________ using Coenzyme A. In this process, a molecule of ____________ is made.
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10. Acetyle-Coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) can also enter another pathway to make __________
11. First draw the path of the electron through the figure below.
Second Label the following items: Hydrogen ions (protons), NAD+, FAD, Proton Pump, Water,
ADP, ATP, ATP synthase, Mitochondrial Matrix, Inner membrane, outer membrane, inter
membrane space.
Third, What does the Kreb cycle produce that is used in the ETC?
O2
FADH2
14. What is the space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
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Review for Unit 6 Test-Due on Friday November 2nd- end of period
You can work on these questions at any time. You must complete the worksheet by the end of
the class period on Friday, November 2nd to obtain credit for it.
1. In the light reaction of Photosynthesis, H2O (water) is broken down to _______ which can
then be used in cellular respiration. This compound is converted to __________ during cellular
respiration.
2. NADPH is found in the process of _____________ NADH is found in the process of
_______________
3. Glycolysis takes place in the ______________ Fermentation takes place in the ___________
and the Kreb cycle takes place in the ____________
4. Glycolysis does not need ___________ while oxidative respiration needs ________.
5. _________ enters the Kreb cycle and __________ (gas) and three forms of energy:
_________, __________, and __________ are released from the Kreb cycle.
6. ________ (#) ATP are formed from glycolysis while ___________ ATP are formed from the
Kreb cycle. So if oxygen is present, _______ total ATP is produced from the oxidative
respiration pathways.
7. The final electron acceptor of the ETC is _________ which is then converted to ________.
8. Where does the ATP made in the mitochondria go?
9. Proton pumps in the thylakoid membrane pump protons from the ________ into the ______.
Proton pumps in the mitochondria, pump protons from the _________ into the __________.
They both create a ____________ which is then used to activate _______________ which is the
protein/enzyme that makes ATP from ADP and phosphate.
10. Photosynthesis takes place in two stages ________________ and _________________
11. Cellular respiration takes place in 2 stages ______________ and _________________
12. If the Kreb cycle is also called the Citric Acid cycle, what compound do you think is made in
this biochemical pathway?
13. In Eukaryotes, oxidative respiration takes place in the __________. In prokaryotes, this
process takes place in the _____________.
14. NADH and FADH2 drop off their electrons at the _______________ which is located in the
_______________ of the mitochondria. They release their hydrogens which are then pumped by
proton pumps into the _____________.