6

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Algebraic Expression/Equation
Mathematics – Grade 6
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Algebraic Expression/Equation (M6AL-IIIe-16, M6AL-IIIe-17)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer : Lucila S. Ramirez
Editors : Teresa R. Manlapaz PhD
Edna C. Diaz PhD
Jocelyn E. Hernandez
Janelyn G. Calma
Reviewers : Carina B. De Jesus / Mary Rose G. Ga / Melissa M. Santiago
Illustrator : Jerwin C. Victoria
Layout Artist : Geraldine J. Ismil
Management Team : May B. Eclar PhD, CESO III
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Librada M. Rubio PhD
Ma. Edith's R. Caparas EdD
Nestor P. Nuesca PhD
Fatima M. Punongbayan
Arnelia R. Trajano PhD
Salvador B. Lozano
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E-mail Address: region3@deped.gov.ph
 6

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Algebraic Expression/Equation
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check you’re learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

One of the most important skills in Mathematics that we have to acquire,

is the ability to translate verbal phrases or sentences to Mathematical
expressions or equations.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. give the translation of real-life verbal expressions and equations into letters
or symbols and vice versa. (M6AL-IIIe-16)
2. define a variable in an algebraic expression and equation. (M6AL-IIIe-17)

What I Know

Direction: Which expression or word phrase is correct? Write the letter of

your answers on a sheet of paper.

1. The sum of twelve and nineteen.

A. 12 x 19 C. 12 - 19
B. 12 + 19 D. 12 ÷ 19
2. Eight decreased by six
A. 8 – 6 C. 8 + 6
B. 8 x 6 D. 8 ÷ 6
3. Twelve plus thirty-five
A. 12 + 35 C. 12 - 35
B. 12 x 35 D. 12 ÷ 35
4) 9 – 7
A. seven more the nine C. seven increased by nine
B. seven less than nine D. seven divided by nine
5) 6 (3 + 2)
A. Six times the sum of two and three
B. Six less than the sum of two and three
C. Six divided by the sum of two and three
D. Six added to the sum of two and three

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 Lesson Translating Real-Life Verbal
Expressions and Equations
1 into Letters or Symbols and
Vice Versa.
An Algebraic expression, or simply an expression, is any meaningful
combination of numbers, variables, and operation symbols, while an
equation is a Mathematical sentence with an equal sign (=) which shows that
two expressions on either side are equal. An important part of Algebra involves
translating word phrases into Algebraic expressions.

To write an algebraic expression. You need to:

➢ identify the unknown quantity and write a short phrase to describe it.
➢ choose a variable to represent the unknown quantity.
➢ use mathematical symbols to represent the relationship.

What’s In

Let us see if you can recall the difference between expressions and equations.

Direction: Write the word expression, if the group of words is an expression

and write the word equation if the group of words represents an equation. Do
this on a sheet of paper.

____________1. A number increased by four is twelve.

____________2. Thirty is equal to twice a number decreased by four.
____________3. Thirty taken from five times K.
____________4. Five times a number is fifty.
____________5. Seven multiplied by the sum of twelve and four.

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 What’s New

Mary and Ramon lost their jobs due to the pandemic, so they thought
of making a facemask to make a living. Mary sews twice as what Ramon sews
and the total facemask, they sew is 120 in one day. How many facemasks
does Mary sew? How many facemasks does Ramon sew?

Before we proceed to our lesson, I want to remind all of you to always wear
facemask, face shield and observe social distancing when going out.

What is It

To find the answer to the problem, you need to translate the word phrase
into Mathematical expression or equation.

Let us use variables to represent the number of facemasks. Since the total
number of facemasks, they sew in a day is given, represent the number of
facemasks each sews.

Let x be the number of facemask Ramon sew

2x be the number of facemask Mary sew, since she sews twice as Ramon
sew
So, x + 2x = 120 this is the equation.

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 To translate word phrases into Algebraic expressions, the important thing
to do is to familiarize the words and phrases associated with symbols or
operations.

Mathematical Symbols Words/Phrases

Operations/Symbols
Addition + increased by, more than, the sum of,
plus, added to, the total of,
Subtraction - minus, less, less than, the difference
of, decreased by, diminished by,
subtracted from, taken away from
Multiplication x times, of, the product of, twice,
multiplied by,
Division ÷ divided by, the quotient of, the ratio of

Equal = is, equals, is the same as, is equal to

Some examples of word phrases and its Algebraic expressions:

Word Phrase Algebraic expressions

m plus 5
the sum of m and 5
m+5
m increased by 5
5 more than m
n minus 12
The difference of n and 12
n decreased by 12
n - 12
n diminished by 12
12 less than n
12 subtracted from n
2 times y
Twice of y
Y multiplied by 2 2y
The double of y
The product of 2 and y

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x divided 4
one-fourth of x
x÷4
the quotient of x and 4
the ratio of x to 4

More examples:

Translate into Algebraic expressions or equations

1. twice a number added to ten Let x be a number. We have:

2x + 10

Algebraic expression: 10 + 2x

2. A number decreased by five Let n be a number. We have:

n - 5

Algebraic expression: n-5

3. The quotient of fifteen and five subtracted from the product of

÷ 15 5 - x

fifteen and five

15 5

Algebraic expression: (15 x 5) – (15 ÷ 5)

4. Fifty is equal to thrice a number decreased by ten.

Let y be a number. We have:
Fifty is equal to thrice a number decreased by ten.

50 = 3y - 10

Algebraic equation: 50 = 3y – 10 or 3y – 10 = 50

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 5. Five times a number is added to eight, the result is sixty-three
Let a be a number. We have:
Five times a number is added to eight, the result is sixty-three

5a + 8 = 63

Algebraic equation: 5a + 8 = 63

What’s More

I. Direction: Match the phrases in column A with their equivalent Algebraic

expressions in column B. Write the letter of your answers on a sheet of
paper.

A B
_____1. thrice the sum of a number and eight a. 3n + 6 = 15
_____2. A number diminished by eleven b. 20 + 2x
_____3. increase the product of a number and 4 by 5 c. 3(k+8)
is equal to twenty-five
_____4. Three times a number increased by six is fifteen d. 4m + 5 = 25
_____5. twenty plus twice a number e. y – 11

II. Direction: Copy the table below on a sheet of paper and write the
corresponding word phrases for each Algebraic expression and equation.

No. Algebraic Expression/Equation Verbal Phrases/Sentence

1. 4n ÷ 5

2. b – 3 =13

3. (m + 39) ÷ 7

4. 90 ÷ n = 15

5. 2n - 32

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 What I Have Learned

Alright! Did you learn something about the lesson? Hoping that you’ve learned
a lot from the start of the module. So, let’s try wrapping up your learning by
completing the sentences.

Direction: Choose the answer from the box below and write your answers on
a sheet of paper.

decreased less than operations symbols

equation more than taken away from
equal sign multiplication the sum of
increased by numbers variables

1. An Algebraic expression, or simply an expression, is any meaningful

combination of __________, _____________, and ____________________.

2. Mathematical sentence with an _______________ which shows that two

expressions on either side are equal is called _________________________.

3. In Algebraic expressions or equations _______________, ___________

and ____________ means addition is the operation.

4. In subtraction, _________________, ________________ and ______________ are

the clue words that tell subtraction is the operation.

5. In translation of word phrase, the key words " the product of," clued you
that ______________ will be used.

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 What I Can Do

I. Direction: Let n be the unknown number. Translate each word sentence

into an Algebraic expression. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

1. The product of 2 and a number. ___________________

2. The difference of a number and 5. ___________________
3. Nine minus four times a number. ___________________

II. Direction: Write the following statements as equations. Write your

answers on a sheet of paper.

1. A number increased by 10 is equal to 23. Find the number.

2. Eighty-two decreased by a number is -24. Find the number.
3. What number increased by 29 is 34?

Additional Activities

I. Direction: Write an Algebraic expression to answer each question. Do this

on a sheet of paper.

Let z be father’s age now.

A. What will be his age after 10 years?

B. What was his age 2 years ago?
C. What was his age 7 years ago?

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II. Direction: Write a simplified Algebraic equation for each problem. Write
your answers on a sheet of paper.

1. Rose weighs 20 kilograms (kg) plus half of his own

weight.

How heavy does Rose weigh? ___________________

2. There are 32 pupils in the school canteen. There are 4 more boys than the
girls. How many boys are there? ___________________

Lesson Defining a Variable in an

2 Algebraic Expression and
Equation

In an Algebraic expression, any letter or symbol that represents a number

is called a variable. In this expression, a number may replace a variable. A
specific number represents a constant.

A term is a number or variable, or a product or quotient of a number and

variables raised to a specified power. The terms are separated by plus (+) or
minus (-) sign. It is not necessary to write the + sign at the beginning of a
term. The numerical factor of a term is called coefficient.

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 Terms

2x + 5
Coefficient Variable Constant

In the above expression (i.e. 2x + 5),

➢ x is a variable whose value is unknown to us which can take any value.

➢ 2 is known as the coefficient of x, as it is a constant value used with
the variable term and is well defined.
➢ 5 is the constant value term which has a definite value.
➢ 2 terms {2x, 5}

What’s In

Direction: Write an expression for the following. Write your answers on a

sheet of paper.

1. your age less three ______________________

2. your age plus nine ______________________

3. your age plus twice your age ______________________

4. thrice your age ______________________

5. your age 6 years from now ______________________

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 What’s New

Before we proceed, I have here some questions for you.

What should we do to be healthy especially now during this pandemic?

Do you exercise every day?

Do you eat nutritious foods like vegetables and fruits?
Do you take vitamins every day?
These questions are important in the time of National
Health Emergency.

So, children always remember that we must

strengthen our bodies and be safe at all times.

Children, what are your favorite fruits?

We have here a problem about fruits.

A basket of fruits has atis and guava. The atis are 4 times the number
of guavas. There are 20 fruits in all. How many atis? How many guavas are
there?

What Is It

To find the answer to the problem, you need to translate the phrase into
Mathematical expression or equation.

Let us use variables to represent the number of fruits. Since the total
number of fruits is given, let us represent the number of fruits.

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Let x be the number of guava
4x be the number of atis
So, x + 4x this is the expression.

Let us study the expression:

➢ terms 2, {x, 4x}
➢ variable x
➢ numerical coefficient 4
➢ constant term none

Another example: Twenty less than five times eight

Translate the word phrase to expression/equation

Twenty less than five times eight

20 - 5 x 8

Algebraic expression: 5 x 8 - 20
➢ terms 2, {20, 5 x 8}
➢ variable none
➢ numerical coefficient none
➢ constant 3, {20, 5, 8}

More examples:

Translate into Algebraic expressions or equations

1. four times the sum of three and w

4 x + 3 w

Algebraic expression: 4(3 + w)

➢ Term 1, 4{3 + w}
➢ variable w
➢ numerical coefficient 4
➢ constant none

2. Twenty-four added to four times a number decreased by thirty-six

24 + 4x - 36
Algebraic expression: (4x + 24) – 36

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➢ terms 2, {4x – 24, 36}
➢ variable x
➢ numerical coefficient 4
➢ constant -36

3. n minus twenty divided by two times n

n - 20 ÷ 2 x n

Algebraic expression: (n - 20) ÷ (2n)

➢ Term 1, {(n – 20) ÷ (2n)}

➢ variable n
➢ numerical coefficient 1, 2
➢ constant -20

4. Twice a number less eight is multiplied by one more than

2x - 8 . 1 +

three times the number.

3x

Algebraic expression: (2x – 8) (1 + 3x)

➢ terms 1, {(2x – 8) (1 + 3x)}

➢ variable x
➢ numerical coefficient 2, {2, 3}
➢ constant 2, {-8, 1}

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 What’s More

I. Direction: Copy the table on a sheet of paper and identify the number of
terms, variables and constant term used in the following Algebraic
expressions.

Algebraic Expressions Number of Variables Constant

Terms Term
1. 2x + 10
2. 3x + 2y – 5
3. 4s
12
4. 𝑚
−8
5. 51 – (x+5)

II. Direction: Copy the expressions below on a sheet of paper. Encircle the
variable/s and box the constant term in each expression.

1. 20 + m

2. 12(x – y)

3. 3 x 2+ 3y

4. 15b – 2c + 7

5. 4x + y – 25

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 What I Have Learned

Direction: Fill in the blank. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

constant symbols the sum of

operations term variables

1. A __________ is a number or variable, or a product or quotient of a number

and variables raised to a specified power.

2. Any letters or symbols that represent a number are called ________________.

3. A specific number represents a ______________.

What I Can Do

Direction: Decide whether the following is a constant or a variable. Write your

answers on a sheet of paper.

________ 1. The number of months ending with “ber” in a year.

________ 2. The water consumption in each month.

________ 3. The number of hours in a day.

________ 4. The number of patients in the hospital each day.

________ 5. The number of pupils in a particular school each year.

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 Assessment

I. Direction: Write the following statement as equations. Write your answers

on a sheet of paper.

1. Four times a number minus twenty-nine is eleven. ____________

2. The product of four less than thrice a number and two will result to forty-
six. ________________

3. Three-fifths of a number plus eight is fifty. _________________

II. Direction: Translate the following Algebraic expressions to word phrases.

Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

4.) 51 – (x+5)

5.) 3(y-8)

Additional Activities

Direction: Copy the table below on a sheet of paper, then translate the
following word phrase to algebraic expression and identify the variables and
constant terms used in the following Algebraic expressions.

Word phrase Algebraic

Variables Constant
expressions
1. two times a number plus 9
2. 7 less than the product of 12
and a number
3. x minus fifty-five divided by
five times x
4. 8 times x plus 3
5. Three times a number plus
eleven

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 17
Assessment
I.
1. 4x – 29 = 11
What I Have Learned 2. 2(3d – 4) = 46
3. 3/5 n + 8 = 50
1. Term
II.
2. Variables 1. Fifty-one decreased by the sum
3. constant of a number and five
2. Thrice the sum of a number
and eight
What I Can Do Additional Activities
1. Constant Algebraic Variables Constant
2. Variables Expression
3. Constant 1. 2n + 9 n 9
4. Variables
2. 12y - 7 y -7
5. Variables
3. (x – 55) ÷ (5x) x -55
4. 8x + 3 x 3
5. 3x + 11 x 11
Lesson 2
II. 1. Four times a
number divided by
five.
2. A number diminished What I Can Do
by three equals What’s More
I.
thirteen. 1. 2n
3. The sum of a number I. 1. c
2. e 2. y – 5
and thirty-nine divided
by seven. 3. d 3. 9 - 4x
4. The quotient of ninety 4. a II.
and a number is 5. b 1.n + 10 = 23
fifteen. 2. 82 – k = -24
5. twice a number 3. n + 29 = 34
What I Have Learned
decreased by thirty-
two. 1. variables, numbers, Additional Activities
operation symbols I
What I Know
2. equation, equal sign 1. a) z + 10
1. B 3. increased by, more b) z - 2
2. A than, the sum of c) z - 7
3. A 4. less than, taken away
4. B from, decreased
5. A II
5. multiplication 1. 20 + (20 ÷ 2) = n
What’s In
2. 2n - 4 = 32
1. Equation
2. Expression
3. Expression
4. Equation
5. Expression
Lesson 1
Answer Key
 18
What’s More
I.
Number Variables Constant
of Terms Term
1. 2 x 10 What’s In
2. 3 x, y -5
3. 1 s None 1) x–3
4. 2 n -8 2) x+9
5. 2 x 51, 5 3) x + 2x
4) 3x
5) x+6
II. 1. 20 + m
2. 12 ( x – y )
3. 3 x 2 + 3 y
4. 15 b – 2 c + 7
5. 4 x + y - 25
Lesson 2
Answer Key
References
A. Book

Perez M., Placer D, Burgos J. and Dimaranan A., 21st Century MATHletes 6
Textbook for Grade 6. Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal
Group, Inc., 2016.

Placer D., Burgos J. et al., 21st Century MATHletes 6 Teacher’s Manual

For Grade 6. Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal Group, Inc., 2016.

Urbina, Dolores A, et al., Lesson Guides in Elementary Mathematics Grade

VI Department of Education, Bureau of Elementary Education in
Coordination with Ateneo De Manila University.

B. Electronic Sources
Algebra - Basic Definitions. (n.d.). Retrieved January 07, 2021, from
https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/definitions.html

MELCS per Subject (SY 2020-2021)-DepEd Cummons

https://commons.deped.gov.ph/K-to-12-MELCS-with-CG-Codes.pdf

Yoshiwara, K. (n.d.). Elementary Algebra. Retrieved January 07, 2021, from

https://byoshiwara.github.io/elem-alg/Algebraic-Expressions.html

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