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Session Schedules (22 Sep ‐ Mon)

Technology Intelligence & Forecasting Qualitative Studies on Innovation Innovation & Industry

9/22/2008 11:00 ‐ 12:30 9/22/2008 13:30 ‐ 15:00 9/22/2008 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room: Room A Room: Room A Room: Room A

Chairs: Leon Pretorius Chairs: Rueylin Hsiao Chairs: Amir Nasser Akhavan
Jianguang Sun Ganesh Prabhu Xing Wan

Abstracts: see page 25 Abstracts: see page 26 Abstracts: see page 27

▪ Generating Intelligence on the ▪ Innovation Problems associated ▪ IPTV versus Cable DTV in
Research and Development with the Dynamic Growth for China: Which Will Win out?
Progress of Emerging Chinese University Spin‐outs: A Xing Wan1, Hanhui Hu1
1Southeast University, China
Technologies Using Patent and Capabilities Perspective
Publication Information Yuan Zhou1, Charles Hampden‐Turner1
Nathasit Gerdsri1, Tugrul Daim2 1University of Cambridge, United Kingdom ▪ The Relationship between
1Mahidol University, Thailand Enterprise Innovation
2Portland State University, United States
▪ Robust Design and Innovation Networkʹs Pattern and
Diffusion. A Contextual Analysis Innovation performance
▪ Technology Forecasting: The Case Hui‐Fen Chen1, Tsai‐Hsin Chu2 Yan Mo1
1National Cheng‐Chi University, Taiwan 1Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University, China
of Computational Fluid
2National Chia‐Yi University, Taiwan
Dynamics (CFD)
Leon Pretorius1, Siebert J Benade1, ▪ An Empirical Study of the Wood
Sunita Kruger1 ▪ Practices Make Perfect Market ‐ A Pellet Publishing Activity
1University of Pretoria, South Africa
Case Study on Sustaining an Development
Active e‐Auction Market Heini Jarvenpaa1, Aija Tapaninen1
▪ Strategic Foresight at Deutsche Su‐hua Ou1 1Tampere University of Technology, Finland
1National Cheng Chi University, Taiwan
Telekom AG
R. Rohrbeck1, Nico Thom1 ▪ Approaches on Evaluating
1Technische Universitat Berlin, Germany
▪ Triggering the Sources and Industrialization Potentiality of
Consequences of Technology Olympic Technology Projects
▪ Achieving Disruptive Innovation Sense‐making: A Case Study Based on Interpretive Structural
‐ Forecasting Potential on the GPS Dispatching System Modelling
Technologies Based Upon in Taipei Feifei Wu1, Lucheng Huang1
Technical System Evolution by Sheng‐Tsung Hou1 1Beijing University of Technology, China
1Feng Chia University, Taiwan
TRIZ
Jianguang Sun1, Jinyong Gao1, Bojun ▪ An Empirical Studying of
Yang1, Run‐hua Tan1 ▪ Innovation in the Hybrid Zone: Barriers for Technology Transfer:
1Hebei University of Technology, China
Knowledge Transfer and The Case of Iran
Adaptive Boundary ‐ Spanning Amir Nasser Akhavan1, Ali Bagheri2,
▪ Mapping Technological Cooperation Nooshin Jabbari3
Trajectory as Patent Analysis and Ching‐Fang Lee1 1Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran
2Islamic Azad University, Iran
Delphi Investigation 1Shih Chien University, Taiwan
3Niro Technology Center, Iran
Pei‐Chun Lee1, Hsin‐Ning Su1
1National Applied Research Laboratories,
▪ Creating Candidate Technologies
Taiwan for Disruptive Innovation: A case ▪ Implementing Innovation
study approach Leadership in Danish SMEs
▪ Study on Prospect of Emerging Dan Yu1, Chang Chieh Hang1 Maizura Ailin1, Peter Lindgren1
1Aalborg University, Denmark
Technology Commercialization 1National University of Singapore,
Based on Bibliometrics Analysis Singapore
Lucheng Huang1 ▪ Assessment of Technical
1Beijing University of Technology, China
Efficiency of NIS with the Use of
DEA
Wojciech Nasierowski1
1University of New Brunswick, Canada

12
University‐Industry Collaboration Entrepreneurship & Innovation Entrepreneurship & Innovation

9/22/2008 11:00 ‐ 12:30 9/22/2008 13:30 ‐ 15:00 9/22/2008 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room: Room B Room: Room B Room: Room B

Chairs: Masayuki Kondo Chairs: William Scheela Chairs: Pierre Vialle
Kay Chuan Tan Jeffrey Funk Liang‐Hung Lin


▪ The Influence of Institutional ▪ Business Angel High‐Technology ▪ Open Innovation: A Strategic
Settings on University‐Industry Investing in Southeast Asian Imperative for Non‐Linear
R&D Collaboration Emerging Economies: Myth or Growth
Masayuki Kondo1 Reality Pavan Soni1
1Yokohama National University, Japan 1Wipro Technologies, India
William Scheela1, Edmundo Isidro2,
Thawatchai Jittrapanun3
1Bemidji State University, United States
▪ Knowledge Spillover from ▪ Entrepreneurial Opportunities
2Philippine Venture Capital Investment
Universities to University Science and Dominant Designs in the
Parks: Evidence from Chinese Group, Philippines U.S. Broadcasting Industry
3Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Park‐level Data Jeffrey Funk1
Wei Yao1, Jin Chen1 1National University of Singapore,
1Zhejiang University, China ▪ An Analysis of Entrepreneurial Singapore

Opportunities in the North
▪ Resource Alignment, Absorptive American IT Sector (1975‐1996) ▪ The Role of Inter‐Firm
Capacity, and Knowledge Jeffrey Funk1 Relationships in the
1National University of Singapore,
Transfer Performance ‐ The Technological Catching‐up of the
Singapore
Mediating Effect of University Chinese Telecommunications

‐Industry Interaction perspective Industry: Some Paradoxes
▪ Opportunity Identification and
Yao‐Chuan Tsai1, Ching Shou Wu1 Highlighted
1National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Development in Chinese Private Pierre Vialle1
High‐tech Enterprise: Hangzhou 1Telecom & Management SudParis, France
▪ Identifying the Most Suitable Homewell Case
Li Xiong1, Gang Zhang1 ▪ Staying at the Technology
University‐Industry Partnership 1Zhejiang University, China
Model in Developing Countries Forefront by Spotting the Reverse

Kriswanto Widiawan1 Salient: The Case of Digital
1Petra Christian University, Indonesia
▪ Applied Research of GEM
Video Broadcasting
Entrepreneurship Model ‐
Ozgur Dedehayir1, Adrian Hornsby1
Empirical Case Study of Zhejiang 1Tampere University of Technology, Finland
▪ Value Chain Based Governance
Province China
of University Knowledge
Luzhuang Wang1, Jiaying Wu1, Liwei
Transfer System ▪ Network Architecture for
Bao1, Jin Chen2
Weisheng Liu1, Hossein Sharifi1 1Zhejiang University City College, China Innovative Performance: Lessons
1University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
2Zhejiang University, China from a Latent Growth Design
Sara Thorgren1, Joakim Wincent1,
▪ A Study on University‐Industry Daniel Ortqvist1
▪ Antecedents and Consequence of 1Lulea University of Technology, Sweden
Research Collaborations of Entrepreneurial Alertness in
Small‐Medium Enterprises
Franchise Chain
Kazumasa Kawasaki1 ▪ The Dynamics of Organizational
Sheng‐Tsung Hou 1
1Niigata University, Japan
1Feng Chia University, Taiwan Structure, Strategy, and
Innovation ‐ An Empirical Study
of M&As in the Taiwanese
Electronics Industry
Liang‐Hung Lin1, Chunhsien Wang2
1National Kaohsiung University of Applied
Sciences, Taiwan
2National Chiayi University, Taiwan

▪ The Relationship between
Interfirm Network Ties and
Innovative Performance with
Contingent Perspective
Xinmin Peng1, Fanghui Ju1, Xuebing
Peng2, Lin Wang1
1Zhejiang Wanli University, China
2Zhejiang Sci‐tech University, China

▪ The Role of Cooperativeness for
Value Creation in Networks
Joakim Wincent1, Sergey Anokhin2,
Daniel Ortqvist1
1Lulea University of Technology, Sweden
2Kent State University, United States

13
Human Capital Human Capital Project Management

9/22/2008 11:00 ‐ 12:30 9/22/2008 13:30 ‐ 15:00 9/22/2008 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room: Room C Room: Room C Room: Room C

Chairs: Michael Miles Chairs: Virginia Cha Chairs: Thomas Frisanco
Lishu Ouyang Liying Wang HK Tang


▪ Human Capital, Efficiency and ▪ Application of DEMATEL in ▪ A Study of Analogy Based
Productivity: Empirical Evidence Discussion of Key Competency of Sampling for Interval Based Cost
from Taiwanese Banking Talents in Manufacturing Estimation for Software Project
Industry Industries Management
Lishu Ouyang1, Hwey‐chyi Lee2 Chung‐Hsiung Fang1, Yu‐Shan Cheng1, Yanfu Li1, M. Xie1, T. N. Goh1
1Chinese Culture University, Taiwan Guan‐Li Chen1 1National University of Singapore,
2Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan 1National Taiwan Normal University, Singapore
Taiwan
▪ Impact of Goal Setting and Team ▪ Project Portfolio Selection: From
Building Competencies on ▪ Analyzing Job Performance Past to Present
Effectiveness Structural Model Using Decision Supachart Iamratanakul1, Peerasit
Sunil Misra1, Kailash B. L. Srivastava1 Making Trail and Evaluation Patanakul2, Dragan Milosevic3
1Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 1Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
Laboratory Technique
2Stevens Institute of Technology, United
India Chung‐Hsiung Fang1, Guan‐Li Chen1,
Hsu‐Feng Hung2 States
1National Taiwan Normal University, 3Portland State University, United States
▪ A Coherent Framework for the
Development of a Human Taiwan
Resource Decision Support
2National ChengChi University, Taiwan ▪ A Framework for Managing
System Risks on Concurrent Engineering
Alecos Kelemenis1, Dimitrios Askounis1 ▪ Empirical Study on the Influence Basis
1National Technical University of Athens, Factors of R&D Team Creativity Jungon Ahn1, Heunsik Jeung1,
Greece in China Jongseong Kim1, Hoogon Choi1
1Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
Liying Wang1, Jin Chen1
▪ Modern Chinese Leadership: 1Zhejiang University, China
Experienced Best Practices ▪ Risk Identification and Analysis
Michael Miles1, Renata Osika1 ▪ Demonstration Research of Concurrently: Group Decision
1University of Ottawa, Canada Factors Influencing Job Making Approach
Satisfaction: Evidence from Seyed Mohammad Hossein Mojtahedi1,
▪ Emotional States Before and Chinese CPAs Specilized in Seyed Meysam Mousavi1, Ahmad
Makoui2
After Impulsivity. High‐tech Industry 1Islamic Azad University, Iran
Hui‐Chuan Shih1, Shang‐Ping Lin1, Jing Pan1, Xin Tong2, Yongqiang Chen2 2Iran University of Science and Technology,
Yueh‐Chuen Huang2 1Zhejiang University City College, China
1National Yunlin University of Science and 2Hangzhou Normal University, China Iran
Technology, Taiwan

2National Taichung Institute of Technology, ▪ A Model for Risk Evaluation in
▪ The Empirical Research of R&D
Taiwan Construction Projects Based on
Employees Motivation System in
Fuzzy MADM
Hi‐tech Companies in China
▪ Evaluation of Delegation Plan Sadoullah Ebrahimnejad1, Seyed
Liying Wang1
Effectiveness: Case Study in 1Zhejiang University, China
Meysam Mousavi1, Seyed Mohammad
Hossein Mojtahedi1
Branches of a Bank 1Islamic Azad University, Iran
Ali Mehdizadeh Ashrafi1, Toraj Mojibi1 ▪ The Study of the Application of
1Islamic Azad University, Firoozkuh
the Grey Relation Analysis on ▪ Project Management
Branch, Iran
Key Competencies of Methodology Requirements for
Middle‐level Managers in
Use in Undergraduate
Medical Industries Engineering Research Projects
Chung‐Hsiung Fang1, Sue‐Ting Chang1, Christina May May Chin1, Andrew
Guan‐Li Chen1 Spowage1
1National Taiwan Normal University,
1University of Nottingham, Malaysia
Taiwan

▪ Educating Engineers in the Art,
Science and Practice of Project
Management
Andrew Spowage1, Christina May May
Chin1, Kuan Yoong Chan 1, Kang Nee
Ting1
1University of Nottingham, Malaysia

▪ Operations Management Vs.
Project Management ‐ The
Operations Services Universe and
Its New Project Manager
Thomas Frisanco1, Norbert Anglberger2
1Nokia Siemens Networks GmbH & Co. KG,
Germany
2Siemens AG, Germany

▪ Project Selection with
Outsourcing View Using Fuzzy
TOPSIS Linear Assignment
Programming
Mahdi Bashiri1, Hossein Badri1
1Shahed University, Iran

14
New Product Development New Product Development Quality Management & Six Sigma

9/22/2008 11:00 ‐ 12:30 9/22/2008 13:30 ‐ 15:00 9/22/2008 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room: Room D Room: Room D Room: Room D

Chairs: Chih‐Lung Chou Chairs: Anil Varma Chairs: Siong‐Lin Ho
Cornelius Herstatt Volker Grienitz Erik De Bruijn


▪ Innovation and Decision Making: ▪ Funnel or Tunnel? ‐ A Tough ▪ Development of Statistical Model
Understanding Selection and Journey for Breakthrough for Prediction of River/Stream Flow
Prioritization of Development Innovations based on Experimental Data
Xiyang Daniel He1, David Probert1, Rob Uday Chate1, Anand Deshpande2
Projects 1Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Ernesto Gutierrez1, Gunilla Olundh Phaal1
1University of Cambridge, United Kingdom India
Sandstrom1, Jenny Janhager1, S Ritzen1 2University of Mumbai, India
1The Royal Institute of Technology of
Sweden, Sweden
▪ Strategic Planning of Future
▪ Optimization of Reflow‐Thermal
Products with Product Scenarios Profile by Design of Experiments
▪ Design Process Reengineering Volker Grienitz1, Volker Blume1 with Response Surface
1University of Siegen, Germany
and Planning Based on Methodology for Minimizing
Modularization Solder‐Ball Defects
Fei Ma1, Shurong Tong1, Keqin Wang1, ▪ Incorporating Anthropometry Chuvej Chansa‐ngavej1, Jumroon
Xianlong Xu1 into Design of Spoon for Kasemsomporn1
1Northwestern Polytechnical University, 1Shinawatra University, Thailand
Children
China Bor‐Shong Liu1, Hsien‐Yu Tseng1,
Chia‐Chen Wu1, Ching‐Yi Liu1 ▪ Quality Practice and Impact of
▪ Searching for Lead Users in the 1St. Johnʹs University, Taiwan Culture: A Study of Small and
Context of Web 2.0 Medium Sized Manufacturing in
Chia‐Liang Hung1, Jerome Chih‐Lung ▪ A Dynamic Scheduling Method the South of Thailand
Chou2, Kai‐Yu Shu1 for Product Development Runchana Sinthavalai1, Napisporn
1National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
Xiansheng Qin , Yiying Cao , Xianlong
1 1 Memongkol1, Srisit Chainrabutra2
2Hwa‐Hsia Institute of Technology, Taiwan 1Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
Xu1 2Thai‐Chi Institute of Technology, Thailand
1Northwestern Polytechnical University,
▪ Innovation Communities: China
Motivation and Incentives for ▪ Achieving Sustainability Three
Dimensionally
Community Members to ▪ Next Generation PLM‐Process
Muhammad Asif1, Erik de Bruijn1, Olaf
Contribute Management for the Fisscher1, Harm‐Jan Steenhuis2
Lars Janzik1, Cornelius Herstatt1 Development of 1University of Twente, Netherlands
1TU Hamburg‐Harburg, Germany
Telecommunications Products in 2Eastern Washington University, United
the Multi‐Lifecycle Environment States
▪ The Cultural Path‐dependence in Oliver Budde1, Julius Golovatchev2,
the Process of Chinese Chin‐Gi Hong2 ▪ A Quality / Cost‐based
1University of Aachen, Germany
Entrepreneursʹ Growing Improvement Approach for
2Detecon International GmbH, Germany
Yingjing Wang1, Hanhui Hu1 Conceptual Process Planning
1Southeast University, China Alaa Hassan1, Ali Siadat1, Jean‐Yves
▪ The Influences of Organizational Dantan1, Patrick Martin1
1ENSAM‐LGIPM, France
▪ Integration of Case‐Based Memory and Market Information
Reasoning Systems for Processes on Product Innovation
Collaborative New Product Hector Ming‐Ta Tsai1 ▪ Methodology of DMAIC with
1Fo Guang University, Taiwan Why‐Why Analysis in a
Development
Hierarchical Decision Procedure: A
Chengter Ho1
Case Study of Quality Improvement
1National Kaohsiung University of Applied ▪ Inter‐functional Coordination for
of Polarization Maintain and
Sciences, Taiwan Product Realization: A Absorption Reducing (PANDA)
Framework for Future Research Fiber Connectors
Qiang Lu1, Zhuoxin Li1, Kun Shi1 Wichai Chattinnawat1
1Harbin Institute of Technology, China
1Chiang Mai University, Thailand

▪ Analysis of Data Quality and
Information Quality Problems in
Digital Manufacturing
Keqin Wang1, Shurong Tong1, Lionel
Roucoules2, benoit Eynard3
1Northwestern Polytechnical University,
China
2University of Technology of Troyes, France
3University of Technology of Compičgne,
France

▪ Reflective Review of Relationship
Between Total Quality Management
and Organizational Performance
Norhayati Zakuan1, Shaʹri Mohd.
Yusof2, Tritos Laosirihongthong3
1Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Malaysia
2Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
3Thammasat University, Thailand

▪ A Review of Quality Engineering
Tools and Techniques Practices in
Malaysia
Nilda Tri Putri1, Shaʹri Mohd. Yusof2
1Andalas University, Indonesia

15
IT & E‐Commerce IT & E‐Commerce Intelligent & Expert Systems

9/22/2008 11:00 ‐ 12:30 9/22/2008 13:30 ‐ 15:00 9/22/2008 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room: Room E Room: Room E Room: Room E

Chairs: Dotun Adebanjo Chairs: Fan‐Chen Tseng Chairs: Yi Wang
Harekrishna Misra Seung Hwan Kang Veeris Ammarapala


▪ E‐crm Implementation ‐ A ▪ Network Effects and Multiple ▪ Semantic and Rules Based upon
Comparison of Three Approaches Adoption: Two Fundamental Mediator Dynamic Web Service
Dotun Adebanjo1 Factors in the Competition of Composition in Logistics
E‐Commerce Information Application
Fan‐Chen Tseng1 Dao Chen1, Xu Cheng2, Chunlai Chai3
▪ A New Design Architecture for 1Kainan University, Taiwan 1Southwest Jiaotong University, China
2University of Electric Science and
e‐CRM Systems and It
Sedigheh Rezaiian Fardoie1, ▪ The E‐tailerʹs Performance, Technology of China, China
3Zhejiang GongShang University, China
Mohammad Ali Saniee Monfared2 Pricing Ability and the E‐market
1University of Payame Noor, Iran
Attributes
2Alzahra University, Iran
Yida Wang1 ▪ ANFIS Models for Prognostic and
1Hangzhou Dianzi University, China Survival Rate Analysis
▪ Comparing Accuracy of Oras Baker1, Sameem Abdul Kareem2
1University College Sedaya International,
Cosine‐based Similarity and ▪ Developing Ontology Revision
Correlation‐based Similarity Malaysia
Framework: a Case Study on the 2University of Malaya, Malaysia
Algorithms in Tourism Use of the Coherence Theory for
Recommender Systems
Semantic Shopping Mall
Elnaz Bigdeli1, Zeinab Bahmani2 ▪ Extracting Input Features and
Seung Hwan Kang , Sim Kim Lau
1 2
1Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic
1Payap University, Thailand Fuzzy Rules for Forecasting
Sciences, Iran 2University of Wollongong, Australia Exchange Rate Using NEWFM
2K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Iran Sang‐Hong Lee1, Joon S. Lim1
1Kyungwon University, South Korea
▪ Enterprise Software
▪ Implementation of Personalized Development Based on Web
Recommendation System using Process Ontology ▪ Digital Data Security and Hiding
Demograpic data and RFM Noriaki Izumi1, Koiti Hasida1 on Virtual Reality VDO
method in e‐Commerce 1National Institute of Advanced Industrial 3DGIS‐Map
Young Sung Cho1, Keun Ho Ryu1 Science and Technology, Japan Katanyoo Klubsuwan1, Surasak
1Chungbuk National Universirty, South
Mungsing1
1Sripatum University, Thailand
Korea ▪ Interpreting Usage of a
Globalization Database Based on
▪ IT Management of Chinese Symbolic Interactionism: A Case ▪ A Review of Thailand Pavement
Firms: Quantitative Analysis by of an Evidence‐based Medicine Management System (TPMS)
Using Survey Data Tienchote Chongpeepien1, Veeris
System Ammarapala2
Xiaoyang Feng1, Kazuyuki Motohashi2 Wen‐Hong Chiu1, Hui‐Ju Chi1 1Department of Highways, Ministry of
1Tianjin University, China
1University, Taiwan
2University of Tokyo, Japan Transport, Thailand

▪ IT Capabilities and Firm
▪ Prospects and Challenges in
Performance: An Empirical ▪ Modeling Strategy with Strategic
Implementing E‐Business
Research from the Perspective of Neuron
Strategies for Rural Enterprises:
Organizational Decision‐making Phannaphatr Savetpanuvong1, Uthai
A Case of Dairy Cooperative in Zengyuan WU1, Zuqing Huang1, Wu Tanlamai1
India Bei2 1Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Harekrishna Misra1 1China Jiliang University, China
1Institute of Rural Management Anand,

2Zhejiang Gongshang University, China
India ▪ The Customer Lifetime Value
Prediction in Mobile

▪ Decision Support Framework for Telecommunications
Yi Wang1, Siripun Sanguansintukul1,
Developing Cost‐Effective Fuel
Chidchanok Lursinsap1
Mix for Power Generation in 1Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Pakistan
Muhammad Choudhary1, Nawar

Khan1, Aisha Abbas2
1National University of Science &
Technology, Pakistan
2Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of
Engineering, Pakistan

16
Poster Session (1) p.41 A Practical Bid Evaluation p.42 Two‐Phased Information
Method Considering Social Search and Evaluation in
9/22/2008 10:30 ‐ 11:00, 15:00 ‐ 15:30 Costs in Urban Infrastructure e‐Consumersʹ Decision Process
Room: Foyer Projects for High‐Involvement
Xueqing Wang1, Bingsheng Liu1, Products: An Exploratory
Erez N. Allouche2, Xiaoyan Liu1 Study
p.40 The Impact of Gender Chun‐An Chen1, Jui‐Chin Jiang2,
2Louisiana Tech University, United
Difference on Feng‐Yuan Hsiao1
States 1Nan‐Ya Institute of Technology, Taiwan
Entrepreneurship: A Literature
2Chung‐Yuan Christian University,
Review
p.41 Software Estimation Tool Taiwan
Jia Li1, Xiao Zhang1, Junyan Xie1,
Zhong Yang1 Based on Three ‐ Layer Model
1University of Nanjing, China for Software Engineering p.42 Optimization Strategy for
Metrics Disaster Recovery
p.40 The Influence of Governance Daya Gupta1, Satyapal Jee Kaushal1, Montri Wiboonrat1, Kitti
Mohd Sadiq2 Kosavisutte2
Form on the Utility of 1Delhi College of Engineering, India 1Assumption University, Thailand
Corporate Technological 2Jamia Millia Islamia, India 2The University of
Entrepreneurship Activities Electro‐Communications, Japan
—— An Empirical Studies on p.41 An Assessment of Related
Chinese Bio‐Pharmaceutical Parameters Affectingon p.42 U‐Readiness: Extending the
Industry Success and Failures of Universe of Society in China
Xuebing Peng1, Xudong Ni1, Chunxu Ge Zhu1, Sunanda Sangwan1, Tingjie
National It Projects: Case
Yao1 Lu2
1Zhejiang Sci‐tech University, China Study of Iran 1Nanyang Technological University,
Shahriar Mohammadi1, Saeede Zare
Singapore
Hosseini2, Hediye Jahanshahi2
p.40 How to Operationalize 1K. N. Toosi University of Technology,
2Beijing University of Posts and
Dynamic Capabilities: A Iran Telecommunications, China

Perspective of Resource 2KNTU, Iran
Management Processes p.42 Achieving Low‐carbon
Yong Song Xiao1, Zhong Ming p.41 An Assistant for Large Scale Economy by Disruptive
Wang1, Rui Qiang Yin2, Li Xiong3 Software Project Management: Innovation in China
1Globle Entrepreneurship Research
Hybrid of Agents and Zhiwei Wang1, Jin Chen1
Center, China 1Zhejiang University, China
2Shandong Science and Technology Semantic Web Services
Ali Habibi Badrabadi1, Shahriar
University, China p.42 Industry Clusterʹs Innovation
3Zhejiang University, China Mohammadi1
1K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Network Structure and

Iran Competitiveness in Zhejiang
p.40 Assessing the Value of
Province
Different Business Strategies Tiejun Chen1
p.41 Incorporating Fault
to Innovation by Firms in the 1Zhejiang University of Technology,
Dependency and Debugging
Construction Industry China
Delay in Software Reliability
Karen Manley1, Stephen McFallan2,
Michael Swainston3, Stephen Analysis
Rui Peng1, Qing Pei Hu2, Szu Hui p.42 LSP‐client relationship: A new
Kajewski1
1Queensland University of Technology, Ng1 angle of view on Logistics
Australia
1National University of Singapore, Firmsʹ Organization
2Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Singapore Innovation
2City University of Hong Kong, Hong
Research Organization, Australia Ji Wu1, S. C. Sheng1
3Queensland Department of Main Kong 1Harbin Institute of Technology, China
Roads, Australia
p.41 Measuring Service Quality in p.42 The Application of FMEA in
p.40 Technology Embeddedness, Online Shopping: A Case Defect Reduction for the
Innovation Differentiation Study Of E‐Retailing in Iran Spindle Motor Assembly
Strategies and Firm Seyed Hossein Siadat1, Veronica Process for Hard Disk Drives
Clement Buyut1, Azizah Abdul Nisakorn Somsuk1, Pongtiwa
Performance
Rahman1 Pongpanich1
Xuefeng Liu1, Linyuan Yang2 1University Technology Malaysia, 1Eastern Asia University, Thailand
1Xiamen University, China
2Sky Power International Investment Co.
Malaysia
Ltd, China p.43 Display Online Store Products
p.41 Personal Innovativeness and by Automatic Merchandise
p.40 Study on Modular Product Initial Adoption of Classification Based on
Development and Market M‐Commerce: Toward an Product Similarity
Oriented Management ‐ A Integrated Model Chih‐Chien Wang1, Yu‐Chien Lee1
Yiming Xiang1, Xiaobo Wu1, Qi 1National Taipei University, Taiwan
Case Study of Haier Group
Chen1
Jiangming Huang1, Taohua Ouyang1, 1Zhejiang University, China
Yunxia Feng1 p.43 A Class of
1Renmin University of China, China Resource‐constrained Multiple
p.41 Integrating Static Structure Project Scheduling Model with
p.40 A Study on the Relation and Dynamic Behaviour to Fuzzy Coefficients and Its
Between Properties of Model E‐negotiation Application to Working
Hong Feng Lai1, J. J. Wu1, K. Y. Wu1
Network Activity and 1National United University, Taiwan Procedure
Innovation in Regional Zhe Zhang1, Jiuping Xu1
1Sichuan University, China
Innovation Clusters ‐ p.42 Study on Business Models for
Perspective of Social Capital
Electronic Commerce
Junghee Han1, KwangJin Kim1, Ilmo
Tsung‐Shin Hsu1, Shan‐Ping
Kang1
1Seoul University of Venture and Chuang2, Chang‐Lin Yang3,
Chiao‐Jung Hsu1
Information, South Korea 1National Taiwan University of Science
and Technology, Taiwan
p.40 Chinaʹs Generation Y: 2Huafan University, Taiwan
Understanding the Workforce 3Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
Erdong Zhao1, Liwei Liu1
1North China Electric Power University,
China

17
p.43 The Effect of Psychological
Ownership on the Possession
Attachment and Willingness to
Share the Internet Content
Zoonky Lee1, JaeKyung Lee1,
Sang‐goo Lee2, HeungSun Park3,
Hyunsoo Kim4
1Yonsei University, South Korea
2Seoul National Unviersity, South Korea
3Hankook Univeristy of Foreign Studies,
South Korea
4Kyonggi University, South Korea

p.43 Selecting Research and
Development Center Partners
for Semiconductor Industry in
Taiwan
Chih‐Hung Hsieh1
1Industrial Technology Research
Institute, Taiwan

p.43 Franchising ‐ A Study About
the Intention of the Iberian
Companies to Internationalize
Maria Pedro1, J. A. Filipe2, Manuel
Coelho3
1Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal
2Instituto Superior de Ciencias do
Trabalho e da Empresa, Portugal
3Instituto Superior de Economia e
Gestao, Portugal

p.43 A Fuzzy Multi‐objective
Decision Making Model of the
Advertising Budgeting
Allocation and Its Application
to an IT Company
Di Wang1, Jiuping Xu1

18
Session Schedules (23 Sep ‐ Tue)

Innovation Policy & Management Innovation Management Innovation Networks & Clusters

9/23/2008 11:00 ‐ 12:30 9/23/2008 13:30 ‐ 15:00 9/23/2008 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room: Room A Room: Room A Room: Room A

Chairs: Runhua Tan Chairs: Masaru Ogawa Chairs: Harm‐Jan Steenhuis
Gunduz Ulusoy HK Tang Manathattai S. Annapoornima


▪ Research on Complex Problem ▪ The Importance of Routine ▪ The Empirical Relationship
Analysis in TRIZ Innovation Activities for Analysis Between Social Captital
Zihui Wei1, Run‐hua Tan1, Lihui Ma2, Economic Growth and Innovation of Industry
Jianguang Sun1, Dongchao Hou1 Ursula Deplazes1, Wolfgang Deplazes1, Cluster
Roman Boutellier1 Ying Dong1, Jun Jin1, Rui Yang2, Shuli
2Hebei University, China 1ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Wu3
1Zhejiang University, China
▪ The Critical Factors of Team ▪ Matching the STI / DUI Mode of 2University of Shanghai for Science and
Innovation ‐ the Grey Relational Learning Dynamically to Realize Technology, China

3Zhejiang Materials Industry International
Analysis Continuous Innovation: A Case
Lien‐An Hsu1, Hsu‐Feng Hung1, Co. Ltd, China
Study of CIMC Group
Ting‐Chun Lu1 Aifang Guo1, Yubing He2, Jin Chen2,
1National ChengChi University, Taiwan
Tingting Tao3 ▪ R&D Cooperation Linkages in
1Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University;Zhejiang Taiwan Innovation System
▪ Modeling Innovation: University, China Mu‐Yen Hsu1, L. K. Chen2, H. C.
Determinants of Innovativeness 2Zhejiang University, China Chuang1, B. C. Shia3, Y. T. Cheng1, S. H.
and the Impact of Innovation on 3The China International Marine Wu1
1National Chengchi University, Taiwan
Firm Performance Containers (Group) Ltd., China
2National Science Council of Taiwan,
Gurhan Gunday1, Gunduz Ulusoy2,
▪ Innovation Factory and Taiwan
Kemal Kilic2, Lutfihak Alpkan3 3Fu‐Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
1Turkish Institute for Industrial Innovation Atelier. Business
Management, Turkey Design for ʹRoutinized
2Sabanci University, Turkey
Innovationʹ ▪ New Technology
3Gebze Institute of Technology, Turkey
Ursula Deplazes1, Wolfgang Deplazes1, Commercialization and Access to
Roman Boutellier1 Capital ‐ Polish Perspectives and
▪ The Role of R&D Offshoring in 1ETH Zurich, Switzerland the Overview of Research
Explaining the Patent Growth of Dariusz Trzmielak1
1University of Lodz, Poland
China and India at USPTO ▪ A Comparative Analysis of
Yibing Duan1, Yang Kong1 Organizational Innovation in
1Chinese Academy of Science, China
Two Japanese SMEs Groups ▪ Innovation and Technology
Generated by Information Based Economic Development:
▪ Developing What Customers Communication Technology Are There Short‐cuts?
Really Need: Involving Teruyuki Bunno1, Hiroki Idota2, Masaru Harm‐Jan Steenhuis1, Erik de Bruijn2
1Eastern Washington University, United
Customers in Innovations Ogawa3, Masatsugu Tsuji4
Marcel Weber1 1Kinki University, Japan States
2University of Twente, Netherlands
1Eindhoven University of Technology, 2Otemon Gakuin University, Japan
Netherlands 3Kobe Gakuin University, Japan
4University of Hyogo, Japan ▪ Innovation Competence Building
▪ The Effect of Long‐Term of Chinaʹs High‐tech Smes Based
Customer Satisfaction on ▪ Catching up in New Energy on Tim: Two Case Studies
Customer Purchase Intention Vehicle Industry: Review of its Jin Chen1, Xiangzhen Yu1, Qingrui Xu1,
Pao‐Long Chang1, C.T. Hsiao2, Hui Hua Development and Policies in Xiaozhou Fu1
Huang1 China
Hongtao Chen1, Jun Jin1, Jin Chen1
2Tunghai University, Taiwan 1Zhejiang University, China ▪ An Empirical Study on Industrial
Upgrading and Sourcing of New
▪ The Cultural Path‐dependence in Technologies: Firm‐level
the Process of Chinese Evidences in Indonesia, Thailand
Entrepreneursʹ Growing and Viet Nam
Yingjing Wang1, Hanhui Hu1 Tomohiro Machikita1, Masatsugu Tsuji2,
1Southeast University, China Yasushi Ueki3
1Japan External Trade Organization, Japan
2University of Hyogo, Japan
3Japan External Trade Organization,
Thailand

▪ The Main and Contingent Effects
of the Systems Integrator and
Component Supplier Roles
Margaret Dalziel1, S.C. Zhang2
1University of Ottawa, Canada
2Nortel Networks, Canada

▪ Clustersʹ Risk of Developing
Countries: from the View of
Global Value Chain
Ying Zhou1

19
Service Science & Innovation Service Science & Innovation Knowledge Management

9/23/2008 11:00 ‐ 12:30 9/23/2008 13:30 ‐ 15:00 9/23/2008 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room: Room B Room: Room B Room: Room B

Chairs: Myung Hwan Yun Chairs: Ville Ojanen Chairs: Marko Seppänen
Kay‐Chuan Tan Ms. Virginia Cha Shurong Tong


▪ Customer Value, Regional ▪ Meta‐Analysis of the ▪ Use of Moodle Reports for
Resources, and ICT Adaptation: Relationship between Product Knowledge Management,
An Integrated View and Case Innovation and Business Planning and eTraining in SMEs
Studies in In‐depth Tourism Performance Kuldeep Nagi1
1Assumption University, Thailand
Ze‐Hui Chen1, Yiche G. Chen1, J. M. Yonggui Wang1, Shanji Yao1, Zhu Sun1,
Hsu1 He Jia1
1Yuan Ze University, Taiwan 1Nanjing University, China
▪ ICT Enablement of Knowledge
Sharing: Modeling the Enablers
▪ A Bibliographic Analysis of the ▪ The Typology of Service R. Kant1, M. D. Singh1
1Motilal Nehru National Institute of
Literature on New Service Innovation‐‐‐Evidence from
Development Chinese KIBS Sector Technology, India
Qi Zhou1, Kay Chuan Tan1 Lin Wang1, Xinmin Peng1, Yan Tao2,
1National University of Singapore, Shengrong Hu2 ▪ A Model of Knowledge Diffusion
Singapore 1Zhejiang Wanli University, China
in Organizational Knowledge
Innovation
▪ Generating New Service Xiaoqing Geng1, Cui Sun1, Baoqin Yu1,
Concepts Based on Ontology ▪ Exploring the Relationship Runqing Mao1
1Tianjin University of Finance &
Integration between Innovativeness and the
Youngjung Geum1, Yongyoon Suh1, Stages of Knowledge Economics, China
Yongtae Park1, Hyungsik Oh1 Management in Technology and
1Seoul National University, South Korea
Engineering Consultancies in ▪ The Relationship between
Singapore Knowledge Creation, Capacity of
▪ A Template‐based Concept Ivan Tan1, Yan Xin1, Ville Ojanen2, Kah Knowledge Management and
Generation Tool for Mobile Hin Chai3 Organizational Performance: An
1NUS, Singapore
Service Development Empirical Study for High‐tech
2Lappeenranta University of Technology,
Changkyu Cho1, Sangwoo Bahn2, Company
Joobong Song2, Cheol Lee1, Myung Finland Tao Yao1
Hwan Yun2 1Zhejiang Gongshang University, China
1Circle One Consulting and Partners, South Singapore
Korea ▪ Knowledge Management across
▪ How to provide Quality of Permeable Silos: A Case at Wipro
Service guarantees on the Technologies
▪ Perspective Service Innovation to Internet? The lessons from the Ganapathy Nathan1, Pavan Soni1
Self‐Service Technologies airline and card‐based payment 1Wipro Technologies, India
Attitude Impact Factors sectors
James K.C. Chen1, Sin‐Yi Lin1, C.Y. Zouhaier Mʹchirgui1, Thierry Penard2 ▪ A Model of Enterprise
Chen1, C. F. Wang1 1Champagne School of Management, France
1Asia University, Taiwan 2University of Rennes 1, France
Knowledge Integration
Capability
Xiaodi Zhang1, Songzheng Zhao1,
▪ Linking Incubator Services to the ▪ Design and Analysis of Anti Shurong Tong1, Heng Xu1
Performance of Incubated Firms: Spamming SMS to Prevent 1Northwestern Polytechnical University,
A Review Criminal Deception and Billing China

Hongwei Wang1, Dechang Lin2, Hong Froud: Case TELKOM FLEXI
Yin2, Qiang Lu2, Haiqing Cheng3 Muhamad Asvial1, Djamhari Sirat1, ▪ A Competency based Tool for
Benny Susatyo2 Measuring End‐User Information
2Harbin Institute of Technology, China 1University of Indonesia, Indonesia
3CVISC Strategic Consulting Group, China
2Telkom Flexi, Indonesia
Capability
Chui Young Yoon1, Keon Myung Lee1
1Chungbuk National University, South
▪ Predicting Travel Intention to ▪ The Collective Effects of Product Korea
take HSR among College and Service Quality on Customer
Students Satisfaction ‐ An Empirical Study ▪ Representations of Resource
Chun‐Hua Hsiao1, Chyan Yang2 on iPod and iTunes
1Vanung University, Taiwan
Concepts in Academic Research
2National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
Mei Cheng Chan1, Yi Ding1, Kah Hin Marko Seppanen1, Veikka Pirhonen1,
Chai1 Saku Makinen1
1National University of Singapore, 1Tampere University of Technology, Finland
Singapore
▪ Examining the Effect of Strategic
▪ Comparison of Cross‐Tour Alignment on Business
Traveling Service Satisfaction: A Performance: Knowledge
Correspondence‐Cluster Management, Information
Graphical Representation of Technology, and Human
Doubled Data Matrix Resource Management Strategies
Shun‐Yao Tseng1, Chyan Yang2 Yue‐Yang Chen1, Hui‐Ling Huang2
1College of Hsing Wu, Taiwan 1University of I‐Shou, Taiwan
2National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan 2University of Shu‐Te, Taiwan

20
R & D Management Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management

9/23/2008 11:00 ‐ 12:30 9/23/2008 13:30 ‐ 15:00 9/23/2008 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room: Room C Room: Room C Room: Room C

Chairs: Stephan Buse Chairs: Roger Jiao Chairs: Tritos Laosirihongthong
Julius Golovatchev Ng Szu Hui Roger Jiao


▪ Innovation Radar ‐ A Strategic ▪ An Integrated Framework for ▪ Resolving Multi Plant Supply
Approach for an Innovation Research and Education Supply Chain Problem: A Novel Swarm
Development and Profitable Chain for the Universities Intelligence Based Approach
Launch of New Product and Mamun Habib1, Chamnong Felix T. S. Chan1, Vikas Kumar2,
Services Jungthirapanich1 Nishikant Mishra3
1Assumption University, Thailand 1University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Julius Golovatchev1, Daniel Kellmereit2,
2University of Exeter, United Kingdom
Oliver Budde3
3University of Nottingham, United
1Detecon International GmbH, Germany ▪ Understanding Collaboration and
2Detecon Inc., United States
Supply Chain Process: A Critical Kingdom
Review
Mohamed Ismail Hj Pakir1, Alina ▪ Supply Chain Grounded on
▪ Global Innovation: An Answer to Shamsuddin1 Information Theory: Tracing to
Mitigate Barriers to Innovation in 1University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, the Source of Collaborative
Small and Medium‐Sized Malaysia Information
Enterprises? Tong Shu1, Shou Chen1, Shouyang
Stephan Buse1, Rajnish Tiwari1, ▪ An Empirical Investigation of the Wang2, Kin Keung Lai3
1Hunan University, China
Cornelius Herstatt1 Determinants of Adoption of
1Hamburg University of Technology, 2Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Green Procurement for 3City University of Hong Kong, China
Germany Successful Green Supply Chain
Management
▪ The Analysis of Relationship Mohammad Asif Salam1 ▪ A Fuzzy AHP Based Evaluation
Between R&D Outsourcing and 1Assumption University, Thailand Method for Vendor‐selection
Firm Innovative Performance Hua Bai1
1Jinan University, China
From the Perspective of Open ▪ The Adoption of Green Supply

Innovation Chain Strategy: An Institutional
Wu Bei1, Jin Chen2, Zengyuan WU3 ▪ A Grey Based Method Based on
Perspective
Shun Cai1, Robert de Souza1, Mark TOPSIS Concepts for Multiple
Goh1, Wenkai Li1, Qing Lu1, Balan Criteria Decision Making
3China Jiliang University, China
Sundarakani1 Problems
1National University of Singapore, Omid Jadidi1, Sai Hong Tang1, Fatemeh
▪ Absorptive Capacity and Its Singapore Firouzi1, Rosnah Binti Mohd Yusuff1
1University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Performance Assessment of
Non‐profit Governmental ▪ Game Study into Regional
Organizations ‐ A Case of Logistics System Programming ▪ Short Term Replenishment
Taiwanese Pork Industry By Using Fuzzy C‐means Method for Short Lifecycle
Sheng‐shyr Cheng1 Clustering Goods
1Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan Mingbao Pang1, Ling Xie1, Xin‐ping Hiroyuki Goto1, Masaki Tanaka1,
Zhao1 Munenori Kasahara1
1Hebei University of Technology, China 1Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan
▪ R&D Inputs, Firm size and

Innovation Performance:
▪ Coordinative Development of ▪ A Fuzzy Multi Objective
Evidence from Chinese High‐tech
Regional Logistics System by Decision Making Approach for
industry
Ning Cai1, Mengzhou Xu1 Using Multi‐attribute Utility Locating Undesirable Facilities
1Zhejiang University, China Function Theory And Hazardous Materials
Mingbao Pang1, Xin‐ping Zhao1 Seyed Smaeil Mousavi1, Mojtaba
1Hebei University of Technology, China Heydar1, Seyed Mohammad Hossein
▪ Correlation between R&D
Mojtahedi1, Seyed Meysam Mousavi1
Investment and Sales Growth of 1Islamic Azad University, Iran
a Company with 90 Years in R&D ▪ A Decision Framework for
Location‐Allocation Problems: A
Operation ▪ Logistics Facility Location Model
Hiroyuki Tomita1, Yuichi Ikeda2, Haruo Case Study in Tea Industry
Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam1, Ali Based on Reliability within the
Takeda1
1Hitachi, Ltd., Japan Siadat2, Amin Kaboli3 Supply Chain
2Hitachi Research Institute, Japan 1University of Tehran, Iran Xifeng Tang1, Haijun Mao1, Xuhong Li1
2ENSAM‐LGIPM, France 1Southeast University, China

3Iran University of Science & Technology,

Iran ▪ Achieving Competitive

Advantage and Organisational
Performance through Service
Quality Initiatives in the Supply
Chain
Gyan Prakash1, Kripa Shanker1
1Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur,
India

21
Six Sigma & Quality Methods Patent & Intellectual Property Risk Management

9/23/2008 11:00 ‐ 12:30 9/23/2008 13:30 ‐ 15:00 9/23/2008 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room: Room D Room: Room D Room: Room D

Chairs: Soo Beng Khoh Chairs: Lorenz Kaiser Chairs: Quangen Fang
Siong‐Lin Ho Yan‐Ru Li Chaipat Lawsirirat


▪ Deploying Design for Six ▪ Toward the Next Generationʹs ▪ Creating Financial Risk
SigmaTM in New Product Patent Analysis: Patent Database Management Framework for the
Development and Public Information Service Delivery of Long‐Term
Hari Narayanan1, Soo Beng Khoh1 Yan‐Ru Li1, Chen‐Tsang Chang1, Service Agreements
1Motorola, Malaysia Ming‐Yang Chiang2 Chaipat Lawsirirat1, Aparna Gupta1
1Aletheia University, Taiwan
1Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, United
2Intumit Inc., Taiwan
▪ Enhanced Evaluation Method of States
Sigma Level in Six‐Sigma
Activities ▪ Patent Analysis with Text Mining ▪ Enhancing Risk Management
Song‐Kyoo Kim1 for TRIZ with an Efficient Risk
1Samsung Electronics, South Korea yanhong liang1, Run‐hua Tan1, Jianhong Identification Approach
Ma1 Samaneh Barati1, Shahriar
▪ A Note on Multi‐response Robust Mohammadi2
Parameter Optimization Based on 1K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Iran
RSM ▪ Analysis on Actual Conditions of 2K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Iran
Zhen He1, Pengfei Zhu1 Patent Exploitation and Its
1Tianjin University, China Influence by Japanese ▪ Study on Risk Control of Ship
Companies Especially on Pilotage in Shanghai Harbour
▪ New Design Algorithm of the Electronics Companies Qangen Fang1, Shenping Hu1
1Shanghai Maritime University, China
Shewhart&CUSUM Chart for Sachiko Nakamura1, Naoki Kyomoto1
Monitoring Process Mean Shifts
1Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Mei Yang1, Zhang Wu1 ▪ Empirical Study for Exchange
1Nanyang Technological University, ▪ BM Patent Evolution Map for Rate Risk of CNY:Using VaR and
Singapore Tracking the Development of ES Based on Extreme Value
E‐Service Theory
▪ A Bivariate Attribute Changwoo Choi1, Chulhyun Kim1, Zongrun Wang1, Weitao Wu1
Measurement Model for Six Jeonghwan Jeon1, Yongtae Park1 1Central South University, China
Sigma Project
JrJung Lyu1, MingNan Chen1 ▪ Value‐Creating Potentials and
1National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan ▪ Management of Intellectual Attendant Risks for R&D
Property in Research and Portfolios
▪ A Study on Ewma Tbe Charts Development A Search for Hwey‐chyi Lee1, Lishu Ouyang2
1Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan
with Transformed Weibull Data Systems from the Point of View
2Chinese Culture University, Taiwan
Yujuan Xie1, Hai Yun Zhang1, Thong of Research & Technology
Ngee Goh1 Organizations (RTOs)
Lorenz Kaiser1 ▪ Dynamic Management of
Singapore 1Fraunhofer‐Gesellschaft, Germany Detected Factory Events and
Estimated Risks Using FMECA
▪ Open Source Software Aymen Mili1, Ali Siadat2, Stéphane
Publishersʹ Business Models: the Hubac3, Samuel Bassetto1
1G‐SCOP, France
Strategic Role of Licenses 2ENSAM‐LGIPM, France
Laure Muselli1 3STMicroelectronics, France
1Queensland University of Technology,
Australia
▪ Sustainable Development of
Production on the Base of
Statistical Risk Analysis
Kartlos Kachiashvili1, Muntazim
Hashmi1, Abdul Mueed1
1Abdul Salam School of Mathematical
Sciences of GC University, Pakistan

22
Information Systems Information Systems Process Innovation

9/23/2008 11:00 ‐ 12:30 9/23/2008 13:30 ‐ 15:00 9/23/2008 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room: Room E Room: Room E Room: Room E

Chairs: Roula Michaelides Chairs: Hiroyuki Tomita Chairs: V. Cruz_Machado
Susan Morton Paul Attasara‐Mason Hang Chang Chieh


▪ Managing Innovation Through ▪ A Study of Unavailability of ▪ Framework for Process Design
Virtual Global Communities: Software Systems using a Stakeholder Value and
Challenges and Benefits Chengjie Xiong1, Szu Hui Ng1 Architecture Principles
Roula Michaelides1, Susan Morton2 Supriya Kummamuru1, Nikhil Zope1
1University of Liverpool, United Kingdom Singapore 1Tata Consultancy Services, India
2Loughborough University, United
Kingdom ▪ Genealogical Information ▪ Deciphering Extreming
Searching System Programming Practices for
▪ Delay Analysis of Admission Sumitra Nuanmeesri1, Chanasak Innovation Process Management
Control Mechanism for Baitiang1 Clauirton Siebra1, Mozart Filho1, Fabio
1King Mongkut’s University of Technology
Supporting QoS in 802.11e Silva1, Andre Santos1
Ching‐Hsun Chen1, Chin‐Yu Huang2, North Bangkok, Thailand 1CIn/Samsung ‐ UFPE, Brazil
Jun‐Ru Chang2, Jenn‐Wei Lin3

1ZyXEL Communications Corporation, ▪ Efficient Calculation Method of ▪ Conceptual Design Process
Taiwan the Transition Matrix for Model for Function and
2National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
Max‐Plus Linear Systems with Contradiction Solving
3Fu‐Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
Buffer Constraint Fang Liu1, Ping Jiang1, Peng Zhang1,
Hiroyuki Goto1, Munenori Kasahara1, Run‐hua Tan1
▪ Test Suite Reduction Analysis Masaki Tanaka1 1Hebei University of Technology, China
with Enhanced Tie‐Breaking 1Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan

Techniques ▪ Study on the Analysis of Design
Jun‐Wei Lin1, Chin‐Yu Huang1, ▪ The OSI Network Management Contradiction Based on Obstacle
Chu‐Ti Lin1 Model ‐ Capacity and
Tree
Performance Management Lihui Ma1, Run‐hua Tan2, Yunxia
Chompu Nuangjamnong1, Paul Maj1, Chang1
▪ Integrating Path Testing with David Veal1 1Hebei University, China
Software Reliability Estimation 1Edith Cowan University, Australia 2Hebei University of Technology, China
Using Control Flow Graph
Chao‐Jung Hsu1, Chin‐Yu Huang1 ▪ Safety Critical Computer ▪ Modelling Lean Performance
Systems: An Information V. Cruz Machado1, A. Pereira1
Management Perspective on 1University Nova of Lisboa, Portugal
▪ Improved MRP System of OKP Their Development
Enterprise Based on Product Paul Attasara‐Mason1 ▪ Exploring the Black Box of
Platform 1Shinawatra University, Thailand
Modularity in Single Business
Wenyan Zhao1, Huangao Zhang2, Zhen Enterprise: A Case Study of Giant
He1, Run‐hua Tan2, Ping Jiang2 ▪ Soft Computing in the KONE Elevator Corporation
Forecasting of the Stock Exchange Ruoyang Gao1, Gang Zhang1
of Thailand (SET)
Suchira Chaigusin1, Chaiyaporn
▪ Web‐based Global Procurement Chirathamjaree1, Judy Clayden1 ▪ Complementarities Between
Platform Design and 1Edith Cowan University, Australia
Information Sources to Support
Implementation the Implementation of Advanced
Chunlai Chai1 ▪ A Distributed e‐Education
1Hohai University, China
Manufacturing Technologies
System Based on the Service Jennifer Percival1
Oriented Architecture 1University of Ontario Institute of
Parichat Pasatcha1, Komrhon Sunat1 Technology, Canada
1Mahanakorn University of Technology,

Thailand ▪ Technology Strategy: Findings
from Adoption and Adaptation of
Japanese Manufacturing
Management (JMM) to ASEAN
and Australasian Automotive
Manufacturers
Tritos Laosirihongthong1, Michael
McLean2, Panadda Leabsuetrakool3,
Thirinpa Chongjareonjai1, Supatsinee
Leedhirakul1
2Queensland University of Technology,
Australia
3Honda Automobile (Thailand), Thailand

▪ Anticipating Performance of
Work Stations in MMPs at Sensor
Breakdowns
Felix T. S. Chan1, M. K. Tiwari2
1University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
2Indian Institute of Technology, India

23
Poster Session (2) p.60 A Systems Thinking Approach p.61 Research and Development
to Manage Distribution Evaluation at an Early Stage
9/23/2008 10:30 ‐ 11:00, 15:00 ‐ 15:30 Channels in the Control and Using the Analytic Hierarchy
Room: Foyer Instrumentation Product Process (AHP)
Market with Multi‐Faceted Hiroki Kamoda1, Shigetoshi Sugawa2
1Omron Corporation, Japan
Product Lines
2Tohoku University, Japan
p.59 Study on Flaws and H G Dirker1, Leon Pretorius2,
Improvement of Discounted Jan‐Harm C Pretorius1
Cash Flow Theory in Mergers
1University of Johannesburg, South p.61 Framework on Corporate
Africa Culture in Knowledge
and Acquisitions 2University of Pretoria, South Africa
Hongjiu Liu1 Management
1Changshu Institute of Technology, Li Zhang1, Xiao Han Mei1, Dan
China p.60 Improving and Evaluating Wang1
Various Models with
p.59 A Case Study of Patient Vendor‐managed Inventory
Discharge Process Jun Liu1, Qiang Lu1, Kun Shi1 p.61 A Comparability Approach to
Re‐engineering Using RFID Item Reduction in
Y.‐Y. Jiao1, K. Li1, Roger Jiao2 Computerized Adaptive
1Nankai University, China p.60 Supply Chain Retailer Price Testing
2Nanyang Technological University, Markdown Policy for Swit Phuvipadawat1, Warakorn
Singapore Deteriorating Inventory Gulyanon1, Pakinee Aimmanee1,
Gede Agus Widyadana1, Hui Ming Thanaruk Theeramunkong1
p.59 Analysis of Relationship Wee1
Between Operational Risk and
1Chung Yuan Christian University,
Taiwan p.61 Knowledge Sharing and
Financial Efficiency Among
Different Location Types in Performance in Technology
Farmersʹ Association p.60 Implementation of Inventory R&D Teams: A Mediated
Chen‐Ling Fang1, Wen‐Chung Liu2 Analysis Tool for Optimization Effect of Knowledge
1National Taipei University, Taiwan and Policy Selection Integration
2National Central University, Taiwan Siong Sheng Chin1, Edmund Chan1, Chi‐Cheng Huang1, How Chin1,
Terence Yeo2 Pin‐Chen Jiang1
1Republic Polytechnic, Singapore 1Aletheia University, Taiwan
p.59 Study on Equipment Risk 2National Heart Centre, Singapore
Management Assessing Mode
p.61 A KM Approach to
Construct In the Petrochemical
p.60 An Evaluation of Inventory Competitive Positioning
Industry
Management and Performance Asleena Helmi1, Zainal Ahmad2
Rong‐Hwa Huang1, Chang‐Lin
Yang1, C. S. Kao1 in Indian Machine Tool SMEs: 1Swinburne University of Technology,
1Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan An Exploratory Study Malaysia

2University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Rajeev Narayana Pillai1
p.59 Emergency Logistics using
1Indian Institute of Science, India
Graph Theory and Abstraction p.62 The Modes of
Hierarchy p.60 A Model on Forecasting Safety University‐Industry
Feng Zhou1, Angela Tan1, Roger Jiao1 Stock of ERP Based on BP Collaborative Innovation In
1Nanyang Technological University, Neural Network Service: A Case Study from
Singapore Li Zhang1, Dan Wang1, Lei Chang1 China
Jin Chen1, Weiwei Ye1
p.59 Risk Factors that Affect 1Zhejiang University, China
Collaborative Software p.60 An Empirical Study of

Development Psychological Safety and p.62 The Delphi Method as a Tool
Malaya Kumar Nayak1, Poonphon Performance in Technology for Analysing Technology
Suesaowaluk1 R&D Teams Evolution: Case Open Source
1Assumption University, Thailand Chi‐Cheng Huang1, Ching‐Ya Chu1, Thin Computing
Pin‐Chen Jiang1 Ville Ryynanen1, Matti Karvonen2,
p.59 Supply Chain Collaborative Tuomo Kassi2
Forecasting Methods on the 1Helsinki Institute of Physics, Finland
2Technology Business Research Centre,
Basis of Factors p.61 Introducing Collaborative
Design into Television Finland
Tong Shu1, Shou Chen1, Shouyang
Wang2, Kin Keung Lai3 Programs
1Hunan University, China Chang‐Lin Yang1, Rong‐Hwa p.62 Collaborative Resources in
2Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Huang1, Shan‐Ping Chuang2 Innovation and Global
1Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
3City University of Hong Kong, China Competition: Profitability
2Huafan University, Taiwan
Implications
p.59 The Supply Chain Patterns and Matti Tuominen1, Petri Parvinen1,
Performance Indicators of IC p.61 The Effect of Technology Life Joel Hietanen1, Henrikki Tikkanen1
1Helsinki School of Economics, Finland
Industry in Taiwan Cycle on Technology
Jui‐Chin Jiang1, Chun‐An Chen2 Management
1Chung‐Yuan Christian University, Weiwei Wu1, Bo Yu1 p.62 Built‐to‐Order and
Taiwan Make‐to‐Stock Competition
2Nan‐Ya Institute of Technology, Taiwan with Dynamic Behavior of
p.61 Trust Relationships in Demand
p.60 Modeling and Solution Inter‐organizational Learning Kristianto Nugroho Yohanes1
1University of Vaasa, Finland
Methods for Viable Routes in Alliance ‐ Using the Bicycle
Multimodal Networks Industryʹs A‐team as Example
Huacan Sun1, Xuhong Li1, Dawei Luan‐Ying Wei1, Chung‐Hsiung
Chen1 Fang2, Guan‐Li Chen2
1Southeast University, China 1Takming University of Science and
Technology, Taiwan
2National Taiwan Normal University,
Taiwan

24
Abstracts

Achieving Disruptive Innovation ‐ Forecasting Potential
Session Technology Intelligence & Forecasting Technologies Based Upon Technical System Evolution by TRIZ
Date 9/22/2008 Jianguang Sun1, Jinyong Gao1, Bojun Yang1, Run‐hua Tan1
Time 11:00 ‐ 12:30
Room Room A
Chairs Leon Pretorius, Jianguang Sun Disruptive Innovation can be defined as developing technologies
that are typically cheaper, simpler to use and target low‐end or
Generating Intelligence on the Research and Development new customers. This paper suggests that disruptive innovation
Progress of Emerging Technologies Using Patent and theory needs to be forecasted by studying Ideal Final Result (IFR)
Publication Information of product. According to IFR, two kinds of evolutionary
Nathasit Gerdsri1, Tugrul Daim2 technologies (i.e., mainstream evolutionary technologies and
1Mahidol University, Thailand laggard evolutionary technologies) can be detected. Then the
2Portland State University, United States necessary and sufficient condition for forecasting innovation
technologies is established. Based on an evolution route line of
It is critical for technology‐driven organizations to have access to TRIZ, the potential disruptive innovation can be forecasted. As a
intelligence on the progress of research and development (R&D) case study, the video game console system is investigated. The
in public or private laboratories. Technology forecasting methods study shows that the adoption of TRIZ evolution theory in
can be useful in these cases if there is a history of performance. forecasting disruptive technologies of product is feasible.
However the traditional forecasting methods can not be used
effectively for predicting the prospects of emerging technologies
as historical information for any particular emerging technology is Mapping Technological Trajectory as Patent Analysis and
limited due to the short time of its appearance. The bibliometric Delphi Investigation
and patent analysis approach presented in this paper allows Pei‐Chun Lee1, Hsin‐Ning Su1
1National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan
researchers to generate intelligence on emerging technologies
supported by the wealth of todayʹs public electronic information
database. Furthermore, this paper also emphasizes the needs for Nanocomposite technology trajectories have been characterized
technology managers to be aware of a time lag among different by various concepts and methodologies in order to obtain a
scientific indicators. picture of how technological innovation takes place and proceeds
in Taiwan. Patent analysis used for obtaining technology
trajectories and Delphi survey which allows technology
Technology Forecasting: The Case of Computational Fluid trajectories to be linked to future industrial scenario are combined
Dynamics (CFD) together in this study in order to approach nanocomposite
Leon Pretorius1, Siebert J Benade1, Sunita Kruger1 development blue print for Taiwan. The results show that
1University of Pretoria, South Africa Taiwanʹs nanocomposite patents mainly focus on nanocomposite
material with polymeric matrix and function of
Abstract ‐ Forecasting emerging technologies as well as the rate of mechanical/dimensional stability. Two critical ways to promote
diffusion of resultant products are complex in the context of Taiwanʹs nanosomposite technology are through self‐R&D of
management of technology usually because of a lack of relevant related techniques and expanding market and economies of scale,
data. Techniques such as bibliometric analysis and the Bass also Taiwan is expected to develop its own technologies which
diffusion model are utilized in this paper to assess the growth rate allow its industries to be transferred to a more innovative
and market penetration of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) environment.
as a technology. The penetration and growth rate of user
acceptance of two CFD codes (not identified) are simulated.
Furthermore a technology forecasting model of research and Study on Prospect of Emerging Technology Commercialization
innovation in the field of application of CFD in the assessment of Based on Bibliometrics Analysis
greenhouses is presented. Lucheng Huang1

Strategic Foresight at Deutsche Telekom AG Due to the uncertainty of emerging technologies development and
R. Rohrbeck1, Nico Thom1 their commercial prospect, it has important significant for
1Technische Universitat Berlin, Germany technology investment decision‐making on how to judge the
prospect of emerging technology commercialization. Through the
Strategic Foresight (SF) systems enable companies to identify and introduction on the relationship of bibliometrics and industry
react to opportunities and threats in their environment and development, at first, this paper illuminates that it is a good
anticipate future changes. This paper reports on a case study on method to research the emerging technology commercial prospect
SF practices of Deutsche Telekom AG (DTAG). The foresight by using bibliometrics analysis methodology; then, the degree of
system of DTAG includes continuous scanning and issue‐driven emerging technology approaching to commercialization is
foresight activities. These SF activities generate value for DTAG in illustrated by judging the technology maturity, at last, the degree
terms of reduction of uncertainty and the exploration of new of emerging technology approaching to commercialization success
business fields. is analysis by judging whether the environment has being ready
based on bibliometrics analysis approach.

25
Triggering the Sources and Consequences of Technology
Session Qualitative Studies on Innovation Sense‐making: A Case Study on the GPS Dispatching System
Date 9/22/2008 in Taipei
Time 13:30 ‐ 15:00 Sheng‐Tsung Hou1
Room Room A
Chairs Rueylin Hsiao, Ganesh Prabhu
Recent research on triggering sources of technology sense‐making
Innovation Problems associated with the Dynamic Growth for have emphasized social context, more than technology features or
Chinese University Spin‐outs: A Capabilities Perspective individual users’ differences, to explain various behavioral
Yuan Zhou1, Charles Hampden‐Turner1 outcomes. However, the work practices of newer technologies
1University of Cambridge, United Kingdom such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) continue to be
investigated from the social context, largely because the use of the
This research aims to develop a capabilities‐based conceptual GPS is strongly related to time and space contexts. We report an
framework, in order to study the stage‐specific innovation interpretive case study of the GPS dispatching system
problems associated with the dynamic growth of University implemented in the taxi industry in Taiwan. The findings
Spin‐outs (hereafter referred to as USO) in China. Based on demonstrate that the temporal and spatial parameters of context
existing literature and five pilot cases, this study attempts to around technology use will cause users’ multiple sense‐making
explore the innovation problems related to their entrepreneurial towards the same technology and consequently result in some
capabilities (e.g. alliances, venture finance, corporate governance, unintended innovative technology use. Theoretical and practical
etc), and, to acquire, mobilize and re‐configure key resources at implications on technology sense‐making and the roles of time
four firm‐growth stages, which would then be used to generalize and space in technology adoption are discussed.
strategic patterns to solve innovation problems for academic
entrepreneurs in further study. There is limited research that
investigates entrepreneurial innovation problems associated with Innovation in the Hybrid Zone: Knowledge Transfer and
dynamic growth processes and transitions in order to better Adaptive Boundary ‐ Spanning Cooperation
explain the growth facilitators and obstacles for academic Ching‐Fang Lee1
1Shih Chien University, Taiwan
entrepreneurs. Studies that recognize the heterogeneity of USOs
(especially in China) in terms of resources and capabilities that
may influence growth processes also remain sparse. Addressing This study examines how adaptive cross‐community cooperation
this research gap will be of great interest to entrepreneurs, policy can applied to eliminating defects under circumstances of causal
makers, and venture investors. ambiguity. Based on a troubleshooting case involving
semiconductor engineers, the study looks at how members of
different communities engage in adaptive boundary‐spanning
Robust Design and Innovation Diffusion. A Contextual cooperation in work contexts characterized by innovation,
Analysis flexibility, extemporaneous relationships, and mutual adjustment.
Hui‐Fen Chen1, Tsai‐Hsin Chu2 It was found that, in the process of adaptive cooperation,
1National Cheng‐Chi University, Taiwan membersʹ engagement in profiling practice, probing practice, and
2National Chia‐Yi University, Taiwan pooling practice from their respective professional angles
promoted rapid and continuous progress. Unlike existing
This study aims to explore a successful learning innovation cross‐community cooperation models with clear‐cut boundaries,
diffusion in Taiwanese society. Applying the lens of robust design, we propose a new model of cooperation spanning situated
our specific research question is: How would robust design blend boundaries, After discussing a real semiconductor case and
in with institutional conditions and make the innovation diffuse investigating how engineers function in a work context
successfully? Our investigation is anchored on a case study on the characterized by innovation, flexibility, speed, emergence, and
diffusion of an e‐learning system on primary and middle school logical deduction, this study proposes some practical and
students in Taiwan. Our findings suggest that successful diffusion theoretical implications of the use communities of practice and
occurs when the design features of innovation can blend in with knowledge management systems by organizations.
institutional conditions. By reviewing users’ learning behavior
induced by an e‐learning innovation, we identify how the design
features cope with the cultural and educational conditions which Creating Candidate Technologies for Disruptive Innovation: A
have raised challenges for both Taiwanese students and their case study approach
parents. Our study advances the concept of robust design by Dan Yu1, Chang Chieh Hang1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore
noting the importance of an institution on innovation diffusion.
Theoretical contributions and practical suggestions are also
elaborated. This article addresses the emerging focus on the purposeful
creation of candidate technologies for disruptive innovation.
Based on the exploratory case study of Sonyʹs creation of
Practices Make Perfect Market ‐ A Case Study on Sustaining an transistor radio, combined with the extant literature, the
Active e‐Auction Market constructs key to the creation of technologies for disruptive
Su‐hua Ou1 innovation have been identified in 4 propositions. The case study
1National Cheng Chi University, Taiwan also indicates that the R&D leading to the creation of disruptive
technologies could indeed be extremely challenging and suitable
The objective of this paper is to clarify how the online reverse as agenda for use‐inspired upstream research.
auction can perform as well as the ʺmarket makerʺ. This real‐time,
dynamic, open bidding process typically results in significantly
lower unit prices than for buyers have paid previously, and has
proved increasingly popular among Fortune 2000 companies. As a
global, online sourcing market, many companies have taken the
e‐auction as the realization of Adam Smithʹs perfect free market to
inspire price competition. However, yet many others consider that
it presents many challenges, from squeezing suppliersʹ profits,
jeopardizing the long‐term relationship, to procurement quality
deficits. This study, tries to deconstruct the innovative elements of
this online bidding technology by scrutinizing the unique and
systematic practices executed by one of the most successful
companies adopting the e‐auction, Singapore Technology
Engineering. This company demonstrates that only by exercising
well‐defined practices, including establishing disciplined ʺcodes of
conductʺ to regulate both buyers and sellers, can the e‐auction
perform as an active, perfect market maker.

26
methodology concludes two steps on the evaluation: one is to
Session Innovation & Industry realize ʺreality and reliabilityʺ by selecting investigator
Date 9/22/2008 triangulation according to evaluation content, and the other is to
Time 15:30 ‐ 17:30 reduce the expending of ʺtime and resourcesʺ by logistic
Room Room A processing of the evaluation steps.
Chairs Amir Nasser Akhavan, Xing Wan

IPTV versus Cable DTV in China: Which Will Win out? An Empirical Studying of Barriers for Technology Transfer: The
Xing Wan1, Hanhui Hu1 Case of Iran
1Southeast University, China Amir Nasser Akhavan1, Ali Bagheri2, Nooshin Jabbari3
1Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran

Both IPTV and cable digital TV provide means to transform
3Niro Technology Center, Iran
analog TV broadcasting to digital broadcasting. Which will be the
winner? The paper compares IPTV and cable digital TV in China
from four perspectives: technologies, market demand, business The main aim of the paper is to identify main barriers for
models and regulation. It concludes that they can complement technology transfer in several Iranian Industries. Iran with a
rather than substitute for each other, and will co‐petition for a special attention paid to domestic technology transfer. In the
long period of time. IPTV provided by telecom operators will period under analysis, i.e. 1996‐2002, no improvement took place
focus on high‐end market, whereas cable digital TV offered by in the field of technology‐transfer processes in Iran. The poor state
cable operators can better satisfy the demand for universal service. of TT is caused by existing obstacles/ barriers. According to the
empirical research, the most nagging barriers are as follows: R&D
institutions not fully open and prepared to cooperate with firms;
The Relationship between Enterprise Innovation Networkʹs inefficient system supporting firmsʹ innovation and R&D activities;
Pattern and Innovation performance difficulties in getting financial resources from outside the firms;
Yan Mo1 lack of firmsʹ own financial resources; lack of innovative culture
1Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University, China and mentality among firmsʹ employees. The lack of relevant
communication between the Universities and industries lies at the
Based on literature reviews of prior relevant researches, this paper root of all difficulties in TT processes. On the basis of this,
studies the relationship between enterprise innovation network’s recommendations are formulated for public policy for technology
model and innovation performance. First, using data from 234 transfer.
enterprises in different industries, the author divides the
enterprise innovation network into four types (manufacturer,
islander, leader and follower), based on the cluster analysis. Implementing Innovation Leadership in Danish SMEs
Second, using single‐factor analysis of variance, the author finds Maizura Ailin1, Peter Lindgren1
1Aalborg University, Denmark
the following conclusions‐for SMEs, manufacturer and follower
are better types of enterprise innovation network . Leaderʹs
performance of the new products is the best,but its economic The survivability of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs)
performance is not better than the that of manufacturer and has been debated heavily for past decades. Several growth
follower. Islanderʹs performance of product innovation ,process theories have been introduced in attempts to guide SMEs towards
innovation and economic performance are lower than that of achieving their goals. Globalization has rendered these theories
the other three types of innovation network. Thus,enterprise moot, as they lack to reflect upon todayʹs developments in
Innovation success requires not only a high‐intensity innovation innovation. We propose SMEs to ʺleadʺ innovation, i.e.
network, but also the network structure that meets the business innovation leadership, to succeed in todayʹs volatile business
goals. environment. Innovation leadership is a strategic way of
implementing innovation that is applicable especially to SMEs.
This is because SMEs are flexible, lightly‐structured and thus can
An Empirical Study of the Wood Pellet Publishing Activity adapt to the requirements of the innovation leadership model.
Development Unfortunately SMEs also lack multiple resources that are needed
Heini Jarvenpaa1, Aija Tapaninen1 in order to lead innovation. This paper discusses the potential of
1Tampere University of Technology, Finland innovation leadership in SMEs.

Climate change have highlighted the potential for bioheating
solutions, including wood pellet technologies. This study Assessment of Technical Efficiency of NIS with the Use of DEA
investigates the development phase of the technology regarding Wojciech Nasierowski1
1University of New Brunswick, Canada
wood pellets. We use the technology life cycle indicators as a
proxy for the development phase but also compare those results to
the actual historical development of the technology. In addition, This paper examines the technical efficiency of innovation systems.
we analyze the wood pelletsʹ geographical differences by looking Based upon the European Innovation Scoreboard, the efficiency of
at the different countriesʹ publishing activity on wood pellets. The in‐vestment in innovation is examined with the use of DEA model.
results show that the number of publications has increased It is observed that the so called laggards in innovation are often
significantly in the 21st century. This indicates the accelerating efficient in their use of resources, whereas leaders of innovation
growth of development in the current technology. In addition, fall short in the area of returns to scale and congestion.
concentration of wood pellet publishing is substantial with two
countries dominating the engineering publishing activity.

Approaches on Evaluating Industrialization Potentiality of
Olympic Technology Projects Based on Interpretive Structural
Modelling
Feifei Wu1, Lucheng Huang1

In order to hold a ʺhigh‐techʺ Olympics in 2008, the Chinese
government puts forward the concept of ʺTechnology for
Olympicsʺ, and implements ʺTechnology for Olympics (2008)
Action Planʺ which have fund many researches projects. How to
select the industrialization potential projects from all of the
research projects pool is an important issues for technology
industrialization. The paper proposes an thought on the
industrialization potential evaluation of ʺTechnology for
Olympicsʺ based on ISM aiming at solving the conflict of ʺreality
and reliabilityʺ and ʺtime and resources limitationʺ. The proposed

27
Identifying the Most Suitable University‐Industry Partnership
Session University‐Industry Collaboration Model in Developing Countries
Date 9/22/2008 Kriswanto Widiawan1
1Petra Christian University, Indonesia
Time 11:00 ‐ 12:30
Room Room B
Chairs Masayuki Kondo, Kay Chuan Tan There are four models of university‐industry partnership, i.e.
agency model, membership model, science park model and no
The Influence of Institutional Settings on University‐Industry model applied. This paper will analyze the similarities and
R&D Collaboration distinct differences of all characteristics across the different
Masayuki Kondo1 university‐industry partnership models, then identify the most
1Yokohama National University, Japan suitable model for university in developing countries. The suitable
partnership model depends on the university and industry client
The institutional settings of universities influence many aspects of characteristics. The most suitable university‐industry partnership
their activities including their R&D collaboration with the industry. approach is no particular model applied. If the university would
This paper makes a comparison among national universities, like to have better partnership with industry, the sequence of
public universities and private universities regarding improvement should be followed. From no model applied, the
university‐industry R&D collaboration in Japan. The paper finds partnership can be improved by aiming for the agency model;
that national universities conduct substantial R&D, attract then may be followed by either membership model or science
company R&D fund most, engage in joint R&D rather than park model.
contract R&D, and are active in patenting. However, they are not
active in receiving contract R&D and joint R&D with SMEs.
Private universities engage in contract R&D where all expenditure Value Chain Based Governance of University Knowledge
is taken care of by the contractors and show good performance in Transfer System
licensing patents. Public universities are active to collaborate with Weisheng Liu1, Hossein Sharifi1
SMEs but are not active in patent management.

This paper introduces the value chain and value chain governance
Knowledge Spillover from Universities to University Science as the instrumental means for the analysis of university
Parks: Evidence from Chinese Park‐level Data knowledge transfer system. It draws on three streams of literature
Wei Yao1, Jin Chen1 ‐ knowledge value chain, university industry links and value
1Zhejiang University, China chain governance ‐ to propose a knowledge value chain model for
comprehensive illustration of the process of university knowledge
This paper offers a quantitive estimation of the knowledge transfer system, and assisting to identify the key management
spillover effect of university on the productivity of university elements. In light of the notion of ʹmaximising the transaction
science park(USP) in China, using a large sample of panel data value through interorganizational interactionʹ in university to
which include 39 university science parks from 2001 to 2005. It is industry knowledge transfer, a typology of knowledge value chain
revealed that universities benefit USPʹs productivity as a general governance mechanism is suggested to explain the patterns of
rule. Furthermore, we found that the spillover effect possesses a university industry knowledge transfer channels.
remarkably regional characteristic: rarely noticeable in central and
western China, but significantly strong and positive in eastern
China. A Study on University‐Industry Research Collaborations of
Small‐Medium Enterprises
Kazumasa Kawasaki1
1Niigata University, Japan
Resource Alignment, Absorptive Capacity, and Knowledge
Transfer Performance ‐ The Mediating Effect of University
‐Industry Interaction perspective The university‐industry research collaborations (UIRCs) have
Yao‐Chuan Tsai1, Ching Shou Wu1 been recognized as an important factor of the production of
1National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan innovation and have been mainly conducted by large enterprises
so far in Japan. Meanwhile, there are a lot of problems in the
The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of UIRCs of small‐medium enterprises (SMEs) and almost of such
university and firm interpartner resource alignment and enterprises except research and development type of SMEs have
absorptive capacity on knowledge transfer performance from the not taken a step forward the UIRCs. However, the intensity and
University‐Industry (U‐I) perspective. Regression analysis was extent of UIRCs are important for the support of SMEs and the
used to test the hypotheses in a sample of 120 observations of activities of economy since the rate of SMEs is high in the regional
Taiwanese firms. The findings suggest that U‐I resource utilization area. In this paper, the characteristics of Niigata area that is one of
is positively related to U‐I interaction; that when the effect of a the areas in which SMEs are almost occupied, approaches to the
firmʹs absorptive capacity is higher, U‐I interaction is more UIRCs in Niigata University, the joint researches between the
favorable; and that U‐I interaction is positively related to university and industry in Niigata University, schemes to joint
knowledge transfer performance. These empirical evidence researches, and successful cases are analyzed and discussed.
support the process‐oriented view and indicate that U‐I
interaction plays the mediating role between resource alignment,
absorptive capacity and knowledge transfer performance.
Managerial implications and future research directions are
discussed.

28
Applied Research of GEM Entrepreneurship Model ‐ Empirical
Session Entrepreneurship & Innovation Case Study of Zhejiang Province China
Date 9/22/2008 Luzhuang Wang1, Jiaying Wu1, Liwei Bao1, Jin Chen2
1Zhejiang University City College, China
Time 13:30 ‐ 15:00 2Zhejiang University, China
Room Room B
Chairs William Scheela, Jeffrey Funk
Based on the theory of GEM research, this paper studies the

second economic promotion system of GEM model. Through
Business Angel High‐Technology Investing in Southeast Asian
face‐to‐face interview with 272 professors from 8 cities in Zhejiang,
Emerging Economies: Myth or Reality
William Scheela1, Edmundo Isidro2, Thawatchai Jittrapanun3 this paper uses stepwise regression method to analyze the
1Bemidji State University, United States influence factors on entrepreneurial opportunities and abilities in
2Philippine Venture Capital Investment Group, Philippines Chinese entrepreneurial environment. This paper applies 12
3Chulalongkorn University, Thailand indices of entrepreneurship environment to modify GEM Model
that could adapt to Chinese special conditions. The research also
This paper provides an overview of the investment strategies of presents relevant solutions and suggestions.
business angels in the emerging Southeast Asian economies of
Thailand and the Philippines. We specifically analyze the
investment focus or lack of focus of business angels on innovative, Antecedents and Consequence of Entrepreneurial Alertness in
high‐technology, early‐stage ventures. Business angels in our Franchise Chain
sample are different from Western investors by focusing relatively Sheng‐Tsung Hou1
more investments on low‐tech industries. Investment strategies
also differ between Thailand and the Philippines.
This paper elaborated Kirzner’s concept of entrepreneurial
alertness by three antecedents: awareness, motivation, and
An Analysis of Entrepreneurial Opportunities in the North capability. These antecedents and the consequences of
American IT Sector (1975‐1996) entrepreneurial alertness were investigated in the context of a
Jeffrey Funk1 self‐employment franchise chain. The research sample was the
1National University of Singapore, Singapore largest franchise taxi fleet in Taiwan. The results showed that
several factors including environmental scanning (the indicator of
This paper compares the number of top ranked de novo firms in awareness), psychological ownership (the indicator of motivation),
the North American IT sector that have been established in three prior performance, level of education, and working duration in
different windows: 1) before a discontinuity; 2) after a the franchise (the indicator of capability) affect the entrepreneurial
discontinuity but before the release of standards; and 3) after the alertness and therefore consequently influence the likelihood of
release of standards. Using Datamationʹs rankings of the top firms entrepreneurial action. The theoretical and practical implications
in the IT sector between 1975 and 1996, this paper shows that of the results were discussed.
more top ranked firms were established after the relevant
standards (one form of dominant design) had been released than
were established between the start of the discontinuity and the
release of these standards. These results suggest that the
emergence of certain kinds of dominant designs (i.e., open
standards) can increase the number of entrepreneurial
opportunities, which is contrary to existing theories used in the
entrepreneurial literature.

Opportunity Identification and Development in Chinese Private
High‐tech Enterprise: Hangzhou Homewell Case
Li Xiong1, Gang Zhang1

This case describes the establishment, particularly entrepreneurial
opportunity searching, identification and development of a
private enterprise specialized in high tech in Zhejiang, a province
with the most active and developed private economy in China.
Focusing on the entrepreneurʹs personal experiences and feelings,
together with major events of the enterprise and relevant personsʹ
comments, the case verifies certain hypotheses formulated from
the theory of opportunity identification and development. The
present economic and technological environments in China, and
difficulties and opportunities during transition are also presented.
These have practical significance for local entrepreneurship and
foreign investment in China.

29
than a passive technology strategy. In addition to the calls for
Session Entrepreneurship & Innovation technology, we propose that these organizations can identify current as
Date 9/22/2008 well as forecast future reverse salients from available information such
as standard and patent registries.
Time 15:30 ‐ 17:30

Room Room B

Chairs Pierre Vialle, Liang‐Hung Lin
Network Architecture for Innovative Performance: Lessons from
a Latent Growth Design
Open Innovation: A Strategic Imperative for Non‐Linear Sara Thorgren1, Joakim Wincent1, Daniel Ortqvist1
Growth 1Lulea University of Technology, Sweden
Pavan Soni1
1Wipro Technologies, India
Strategic small and medium‐sized enterprise networks have received
significant policy attention for their potential role in improving
Non‐linear business growth is a Holy Grail for executives today and innovation, but a review of the literature reveals merely anecdotal
newer business models, blockbuster products and excellent talent have evidence. This article extends previous findings by researching the
emerged as enablers for sustainability. The latter half of the 20th influence of network size, bottom‐up formation, and size of
century has seen surge in productivity through technology administrative function on network innovative performance. By using
proliferation, quality initiatives, scientific management, M&A and longitudinal data from 53 strategic SME networks and latent growth
information technology, among others. But these good practices got modeling, we find that larger networks and networks formed by
easily imitated. In this hypercompetitive situation, Innovation emerged members achieve greater innovative performance and tend to enlarge
as a tool for firms to break the linearity paradigm. Courtesy, their administrative function more rapidly, which also influences the
proliferation and globalization, closed system innovation got severely level and growth of network innovative performance.
challenged, forcing firms to look beyond their innovation value chains
and move towards an open paradigm, which calls for a crucible to ideas,

talent and capital. The paper discusses models practiced by
organizations in achieving a non‐linear business growth through open The Dynamics of Organizational Structure, Strategy, and
innovation. It talks of enablers of open innovation, catalysts and Innovation ‐ An Empirical Study of M&As in the Taiwanese
measurement parameters. The papers makes a good read for students Electronics Industry
and practitioners, and encourages to collaborate systematically. Liang‐Hung Lin1, Chunhsien Wang2
1National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Taiwan

2National Chiayi University, Taiwan

Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Dominant Designs in the
An extensive body of research suggests that an organizationʹs ability to
U.S. Broadcasting Industry
achieve its goal is a function of the congruence between various
Jeffrey Funk1
components. Following the concept ʺstructure follows strategyʺ, this
study suggested that suited strategy‐structure fit should enhance
pos‐acquisition technological performance for the high tech firms.
This paper modifies the product life cycle (PLC) model in order to Further, this study also wishes to examine effects of organizational
address how modular design and vertical disintegration emerge and structure and corporate strategy on process, product, and marketing
how they provide entrepreneurial opportunities. It uses historical innovation. Results reveal that organizational coordination and
analyses of the broadcasting industry to define these vertically differentiation strategy should enhance product innovation;
disintegrated layers and the emergence of open design rules that enable organizational decentralization, cost leadership strategy enhance
vertically disintegrated firms to enter the sector. It uses data on the process innovation. For the type of M&As, related M&A firms have
number of firms and revenues in each layer to show how the better innovation performance than firms undertook unrelated
emergence of independent modules and vertical disintegration has led diversification.
to the emergence of entrepreneurial opportunities even when other

scholars define these modular designs as dominant designs, which is
contrary to existing theories used in the entrepreneurial literature.
The Relationship between Interfirm Network Ties and
Innovative Performance with Contingent Perspective
Xinmin Peng1, Fanghui Ju1, Xuebing Peng2, Lin Wang1
The Role of Inter‐Firm Relationships in the Technological 1Zhejiang Wanli University, China
Catching‐up of the Chinese Telecommunications Industry: Some 2Zhejiang Sci‐tech University, China
Paradoxes Highlighted
Pierre Vialle1 This paper explores that the influence of interfirm network ties on firm
1Telecom & Management SudParis, France
innovative performance is contingent on firm’s strategic orientation and
environmental uncertainty. More specially, we argue that strong ties
Inter‐organisational relationships with established foreign incumbents positively impact incremental innovation rather weak ties positively
in a position to transfer valuable knowledge have been identified as a impact radical innovation. Weak ties are more effective for fostering
way to foster a process of technological catching‐up in emerging radical innovation when the firm adopts prospector orientation. And
economies. Chinese policy has incited the creation of joint ventures Strong ties are more beneficial to incremental innovation for the firm
between research centres, domestic firms and foreign firms, as a having the defender orientation. Furthermore, weak ties lead to higher
centrepiece of its catching‐up policy. In this paper we analyse the role levels of radical innovative performance when the environmental
played by inter‐firm relationships in knowledge transfer and creation uncertainty increasing.
in the context of the Chinese telecommunications industry, and in
particular of the network equipment industry. We first present a

literature review in order to understand the role of inter‐firms
relationships in transferring knowledge. We then analyse the role The Role of Cooperativeness for Value Creation in Networks
played by inter‐organisational arrangements such as partnerships and Joakim Wincent1, Sergey Anokhin2, Daniel Ortqvist1
1Lulea University of Technology, Sweden
Joint‐Ventures between foreign and Chinese telecommunications firms 2Kent State University, United States
in the Chinese catching up process. We conclude by discussing some
paradoxes arising from this case of networks triggered by public policy.
This paper elaborate upon how cooperate problems with partners can
restrict a firmʹs ability to extract value from network ties when in a

strategic network. In a four‐year study based on 82 observations of 41
Staying at the Technology Forefront by Spotting the Reverse firms, we find support for that the interaction between cooperativeness
Salient: The Case of Digital Video Broadcasting among the partners that a focal firm is tied to (i.e., positive orientation
Ozgur Dedehayir1, Adrian Hornsby1 toward resource contribution) together with network tie properties (i.e.
1Tampere University of Technology, Finland
strength of ties and betweenness centrality) improves firm performance.
No influences were found for the interaction involving degree
This paper traces the historical evolution of the DVB (digital video centrality and partner cooperativeness. We discuss implications and
broadcasting) terrestrial (DVB‐T) and handheld (DVB‐H) technologies provide suggestions to further research.
subsequent to the resolution of reverse salients ‐ components of the
technological system which trail in technological performance and
hinder the potential development of the system at large. The early
identification and resolution of reverse salients is an important
consideration for organizations, as providing the technological solution
with respect to a reverse salient often derives competitive advantage
through the establishment of standards and patents connected with the
solution. We argue that, although disadvantaged, the organizations
which are exclusive of the DVB group (the industry‐led consortium
overseeing the evolution of digital television in Europe) can stay at the
forefront of technological development by employing an active rather

30
Modern Chinese Leadership: Experienced Best Practices
Session Human Capital Michael Miles1, Renata Osika1
Date 9/22/2008
Time 11:00 ‐ 12:30
Room Room C Leadership is an act of subtlety carried out in a context. As a result,
Chairs Michael Miles, Lishu Ouyang the behaviours associated with leadership tend to be hard to
define and difficult to specify with any certainty, especially across
Human Capital, Efficiency and Productivity: Empirical Evidence cultures. This study generated over 400 stories describing the
from Taiwanese Banking Industry personal experiences of Chinese study participants of ʺgood
Lishu Ouyang1, Hwey‐chyi Lee2 leadershipʺ behaviours. The resulting analysis yielded 11 thematic
1Chinese Culture University, Taiwan groupings of behaviours related directly to good leadership
2Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan behaviour within a Chinese context. Results of the study
suggest a continued impact of traditional Chinese values and
Most existing efficiency or productivity literature assumes virtues and a relatively diminished impact of traditional
homogeneity in human capital when measuring the communist organizational values as modeled by behaviour.
efficiency/productivity of firms. The empirical objective of this
study is to investigate how the measures of productivity and
efficiency are affected when human capital is heterogeneous but Emotional States Before and After Impulsivity.
assumed homogeneous. The input‐oriented radial Malmquist Hui‐Chuan Shih1, Shang‐Ping Lin1, Yueh‐Chuen Huang2
1National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
index is employed to measure total factor productivity growth of
2National Taichung Institute of Technology, Taiwan
Taiwanese commercial banks by means of three‐stage data
envelopment analysis. Results show that efficiencies are
underestimated and low efficiency scores in many banking This article explores the relations of emotions and impulsivity.
efficiency studies could have been caused by measurement errors Impulsivity can induce pathological behaviors such as alcoholic,
in labor. gambling, obesity, and other addictive behaviors. Past researches
demonstrate people often feel regret and guilty after being
impulsive. This article uses paper‐and‐pencil experimental
Impact of Goal Setting and Team Building Competencies on method to measure respondentsʹ emotions and provide a script to
Effectiveness induce respondentsʹ impulsive reaction. Utilizing Chisquare Test
Sunil Misra1, Kailash B. L. Srivastava1 and Independent‐samples T‐test, the researchers surprisingly
1Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India found people are easier to become impulsive under the mood state
of ʺcarelessʺ, and more difficult to become impulsive under ʺjoyʺ
This paper examined the relationship of certain specific and ʺanxietyʺ. Post affects of impulsivity include ʺjoyʺ,
managerial competencies of goal setting and team building with ʺsatisfactionʺ, and surprisingly ʺun‐regretʺ and ʺun‐guiltyʺ. It has
organizational effectiveness. The specific managerial competencies significant implications theoretically and practically. Reliability is
of goal setting and team building were taken as independent 0.80; manipulation check and Pearson correlations are significant
variables, leadership style as a moderating variable, and (p**<0.01). The analytical results are discussed and future research
organizational effectiveness was treated as a dependent measure. directions are also suggested.
The Data were collected from 307 executives belonging to banking
sector from West Bengal, and analyzed using correlation, multiple
regression, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. The Evaluation of Delegation Plan Effectiveness: Case Study in
results showed that these managerial competencies had Branches of a Bank
significantly predicted organizational effectiveness indicating Ali Mehdizadeh Ashrafi1, Toraj Mojibi1
1Islamic Azad University, Firoozkuh Branch, Iran
their positive association with leadership style and organizational
effectiveness. It was also found that the leadership style had
significantly moderated the relationship between these The present study evaluates effectiveness of delegation plan on
competencies and organizational effectiveness. The findings have managing different branches of Bank Melli Iran (BMI ) in
implications for management that they should closely examine Mazandaran province (north of Iran). The study tries to answer
their managerial competencies and leadership style to facilitate this basic question: Has this plan had its desired effect in
high performance among managers. managing BMI branch affairs in the province, after being
implemented?
Results of the data analysis showed that the mentioned plan could
A Coherent Framework for the Development of a Human have a significant impact on meeting the organizationsʹ objectives,
Resource Decision Support System enhancing employeesʹ motivation, job satisfaction, and decreasing
Alecos Kelemenis1, Dimitrios Askounis1 bureaucracy; however, it could not have a significant impact on
1National Technical University of Athens, Greece creating variety in doing the tasks and enhancing the employeesʹ
contribution in making decisions.
Considering the strategic role of human resources and the
inadequacy of human resource information systems to provide
information for efficient decision making, this paper proposes a
framework for the design and development of a human resource
decision support system. The study explores the main components
that should comprise an integrated human resource management
system, highlighting their relationships, the decision tools that can
be put into practice and the levels of analysis that must be
conducted. Concluding, future steps towards the full scale
decision support system are discussed.

31
some relative suggestions to improve R&D team creativity in
Session Human Capital China.
Date 9/22/2008
Time 13:30 ‐ 15:00
Room Room C Demonstration Research of Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction:
Chairs Virginia Cha, Liying Wang Evidence from Chinese CPAs Specilized in High‐tech Industry
Jing Pan1, Xin Tong2, Yongqiang Chen2
1Zhejiang University City College, China
2Hangzhou Normal University, China
Application of DEMATEL in Discussion of Key Competency of

Talents in Manufacturing Industries
Chung‐Hsiung Fang1, Yu‐Shan Cheng1, Guan‐Li Chen1 As a kind of work attitude, job satisfaction influences the
1National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan willingness and quality of CPAsʹ (Certified Public Accountant)
work directly and influences the development of CPA firms
Many factors are to be considered during to develop competencies. indirectly. The importance of job satisfaction of CPA can not be
In the past, people used to choose DEMATEL to carry out the ignored. This paper first analyses the professional characteristics
study of disorderly and complex conditions and phenomena. of CPA specialized in high‐tech industry, then interview them by
DEMATEL mainly helps the managers to reduce the interference using carefully designed questionnaire. After data statistical
of too much information among numerous influential factors by analysis, this paper finds out industry prospect, sense of identity
expert knowledge. Find to among the sever major competencies of and welfare rank the first three most important factors which
talents in manufacturing industries, the most important one is Self influence the job satisfaction of CPA. This paper also explores the
Encouragement and Learning Competency, because this influences of individual difference on job satisfaction. In the end,
competency has very high PROMINENCE and it is closely related this research draws conclusions based on the combination of
to the other six competencies. Whatʹs more, the Product research findings and development status of Chinese accounting
Technology Competency is the most influential among these firms.
competencies in the result. To help the managers can focus on
Product Technology Competency, Research and Development
Competency, and Marketing Competency of their employees to The Empirical Research of R&D Employees Motivation System
effectively raise their working performance and skill quality. in Hi‐tech Companies in China
Besides, it also helps the managers to know about Self Liying Wang1
Encouragement and Learning Competency which can best reflect
the work efficiency and final performance of the employees. And
effectively raise the quality of human resource in organizations, With the development of the knowledge economy, the effective
thus improve the performance of the organization and the management of R&D employees has been the core point of
correctness of decision‐making in human resource. To provide the contemporary HRM in Hi‐tech company. The R&D employees
industries with the reference directions and suggestions who are innovative and creative are regarded as the core of
mentioned above. human resources as well as the prime mover of new values for an
enterprise. Therefore, the motivation system of them counts much
to the hi‐tech company R&D employees. This paper carried out
Analyzing Job Performance Structural Model Using Decision survey and statistical analysis of R&D employees including the
Making Trail and Evaluation Laboratory Technique characteristics of R&D employees demands, the flow of R&D
Chung‐Hsiung Fang1, Guan‐Li Chen1, Hsu‐Feng Hung2 employees and the contentment degree to R&D employees present
1National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan job. Ac‐cording to conclusions of the study, the paper put for‐ward
2National ChengChi University, Taiwan some management suggestions to R&D employees such as the
comprehensive salary strategy, career development, corporate
This study was designed to understand which factors influence culture and mental bond etc. If the various motivation methods
job performance. In the first stage, theory structure of Mowday et can be effectively inte‐grated, R&D employeesʹ innovation ability
al. and Mathieu & Zajac serves as the foundation of this research will be virtually stimulated.
to submit awareness of employees of organization climate, job
characteristics and role pressure as independent variables, and
with organization commitment, job satisfaction, and involvement The Study of the Application of the Grey Relation Analysis on
as mediate variables and job performance improvement model as Key Competencies of Middle‐level Managers in Medical
dependent variables. This part would construct from structural Industries
equation model and verified the fitness of the model. In the Chung‐Hsiung Fang1, Sue‐Ting Chang1, Guan‐Li Chen1
1National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
second stage, the researcher aims at understanding what the key
factors affecting job performance are under the overall structural
model. We found that organizational climate is the most important This study provides highly practical valuable research work for
influential role of job performance structural model. The study helping academic and industrial world to understand the key
concludes with suggestion for key factors to give important competencies items of managers in Taiwan medical industries. It
ensuing research directions and suggestions to the academic and intends to take talented persons in Taiwan medical industries as
practice fields with the research results. research objects. It also probes into important and pivotal
competencies items of managers in medical industries. This study
conducts a research on middle‐level managersʹ key competencies
Empirical Study on the Influence Factors of R&D Team in medical industry by means of Grey relation analysis (GRA). The
Creativity in China results indicate that personal quality is the most Key competencies
Liying Wang1, Jin Chen1 in five major competencies of middle managers, while the active
1Zhejiang University, China attitude is the most important in the quality.

Research and development teams (R&D teams) is commonly
used in organizations today to solve problems and accomplish
creative tasks. But there is little known about the variables that
affect team‐level creativity, and the optimal conditions that
promote it, and how to design team for optimal creative and high
quality performance. Because the idea of creative synergy has
much to offer in terms of both theory development and practical
application, it is worthy of more specific attention by creativity
researchers. The research explored and validated 5 major factors
that affect R&D team creativity by team shared mental models in
Chinese context, including task characteristics, team formation,
team leadership, member characteristics and organizational
environment. Thus, we should pay attention to the team
interaction with member, task and process to improve team
creativity. Then make some analysis of the result, and give out the

32
is used for risk evaluating in construction industry. Afterwards the
Session Project Management problem is defined in fuzzy MADM field. Therefore, fuzzy TOPSIS and
Date 9/22/2008 fuzzy LINMAP methods are presented to evaluate the high risks in the
project. This study compares the modeling mechanisms of the two
Time 15:30 ‐ 17:30 methods and their performances in modeling a set of project risk data.
Room Room C Finally, a case study is used to illustrate the procedure of the proposed
Chairs Thomas Frisanco, HK Tang model at the end of paper.

A Study of Analogy Based Sampling for Interval Based Cost Project Management Methodology Requirements for Use in
Estimation for Software Project Management Undergraduate Engineering Research Projects
Yanfu Li1, M. Xie1, T. N. Goh1 Christina May May Chin1, Andrew Spowage1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore 1University of Nottingham, Malaysia

Software cost estimation is one of the most challenging activities in This papers aims to determine the requirements placed on a project
software project management. Since the software cost estimation affects management methodology (PMM) designed to assist undergraduate
almost all activities of software project development such as: biding, engineering students to manage their research projects. The study makes
planning, and budgeting, the accurate estimation is very crucial to the extensive use of the available literature and draws upon preliminary data
success of software project management. However, due to the inherent from surveys and structured interviews with undergraduate engineers,
uncertainties in the estimation process and other factors, the accurate academic supervisors and module conveners for engineering research
estimates are often obtained with great difficulties. Therefore, it is safer projects. This working paper defines what constitutes a PMM, defines the
to generate interval based estimates with a certain probability over them. specific research environment and concludes with an assessment of the
In the literature, many approaches have been proposed for interval requirements on a PMM for use in managing undergraduate engineering
estimation. In this study, we propose a navel method namely Analogy research projects. In addition, the paper aims to stimulate external
Based Sampling (ABS) and compare ABS against the well established feedback on the existing results and the methodology under
Bootstrapped Analogy Based Estimation (BABE) which is the only development.
existing variant of analogy based method with the capability to generate
interval predictions. The results and comparisons show that ABS could Educating Engineers in the Art, Science and Practice of Project
improve the performance of BABE with much higher efficiencies and
Management
more accurate interval predictions.
Andrew Spowage1, Christina May May Chin1, Kuan Yoong Chan 1, Kang
Nee Ting1
Project Portfolio Selection: From Past to Present 1University of Nottingham, Malaysia
Supachart Iamratanakul1, Peerasit Patanakul2, Dragan Milosevic3
1Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
2Stevens Institute of Technology, United States
After graduation engineers rapidly take on responsibility for the
3Portland State University, United States
management of projects. This paper describes the development of a new
project management (PM) course and associated roll‐playing game. The
course actively encourages students to practise their new technical and
The objective of this paper is to summarize the past and present literature human skill sets in a competitive and realistic project environment. The
on project portfolio selection. In particular, it highlights six groups of paper presents an outline of the course structure and highlights some of
project portfolio selection methods. Based on the literature review, the the issues encountered during delivery of the course to undergraduate
content of this paper could be used as a basis for future study in this engineering students in the United Kingdom and Malaysia.
topic.
Operations Management Vs. Project Management ‐ The
A Framework for Managing Risks on Concurrent Engineering Operations Services Universe and Its New Project Manager
Basis Thomas Frisanco1, Norbert Anglberger2
Jungon Ahn1, Heunsik Jeung1, Jongseong Kim1, Hoogon Choi1 1Nokia Siemens Networks GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
1Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea 2Siemens AG, Germany

Recently, risk management in product development processes has been Current project management practices, stemming from research and
regarded as an important issue in many manufacturers. Although many development projects, ramping‐up and optimization of production
different approaches have been suggested to deal with various risks processes, and turnkey infrastructure delivery, provide incomplete
frequently occurred in business level such as cost related fields, there answers to todayʹs challenges in operations services management. The
have been few studies for managing various risks in plant level. This arena of long‐term and ongoing operations services poses new
paper suggests a new risk management framework(RMF) for managing challenges. From empirical studies involving many ʺmanaged servicesʺ
risks in product development processes. The RMF presents risk factors (or outsourcing) operations projects in the telecommunications industry,
along with their degrees and shows the proper activities to respond to this paper deducts fundamental differences between the definition of a
those risks on the basis of operations, processes and departments under project and classical project management requirements, and an operation
concurrent engineering environment. Also, this framework adapts a with its new operation management needs. We discuss the critical
network model to determine the optimized paths for establish a success factors for operations management and propose measures for
successful product development process. In this paper, we focus on the organizational changes, concluding that operations services projects
structure or architecture defending systematically various risks. require a project management different from the traditional, and
proposing a framework for a more efficient operations management.
Risk Identification and Analysis Concurrently: Group Decision
Making Approach Project Selection with Outsourcing View Using Fuzzy TOPSIS
Seyed Mohammad Hossein Mojtahedi , Seyed Meysam Mousavi , Ahmad
1 1
Linear Assignment Programming
Makoui2 Mahdi Bashiri1, Hossein Badri1
1Shahed University, Iran
2Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran

Nowadays most of organizations, especially in public sector, tend to
The identification and analysis of project risks among potential risks is a outsource their projects. In these cases two major problems arise: project
multi attribute group decision making problem. Conventional selection and contractor selection. There are many papers have argued
approaches to risk identification and risk analysis separately tend to be separately about project selection and contractor selection in which often
less effective in dealing with the imprecise of the risk analysis some evaluation criteria and a selection method are proposed
individually. The aim of this paper is to present a new methodology for independently. In this paper we propose a method for selecting projects
identifying and analyzing risks concurrently by applying Multi Attribute and related contractors simultaneously in which firstly contractors that
Group Decision Making (MAGDM). The paper includes a new procedure have not minimal qualifications are eliminated from consideration, then
for classifying potential risks which it is the Potential Risks Breakdown closeness coefficient of contractors to each proposal will be computed by
Structure (PRBS) based on project Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). Fuzzy TOPSIS method and finally these coefficients as a successful
Moreover, lessons learned and Nominal Group Technique (NGT) are indicators for each contractor will be fed in to a linear assignment
utilized for gathering potential risks. Obtained results have been applied programming to select most profitable projects and related contractors
in gas refinery plant construction successfully. with respect to the constraints. In this paper we propose a method for
selecting projects and related contractors simultaneously. The proposed
A Model for Risk Evaluation in Construction Projects Based on approach contains 3 Phases including prequalification (Phase1),
Fuzzy MADM computing closeness coefficient (CC) for each project‐contractor using
Sadoullah Ebrahimnejad1, Seyed Meysam Mousavi1, Seyed Mohammad fuzzy TOPSIS method (Phase2) and selecting projects and assigning each
Hossein Mojtahedi1 project to most appropriate contractor using Linear Assignment
1Islamic Azad University, Iran Programming with respect to economic characteristics of each project,
closeness coefficient of each contractor to projects and some constraints
The number, size and complexity of new projects in Iran have created an such as budget available and strategic limitations (Phase3). Also a
extra burden on construction participants and resulted in lots of risks. In numerical example will be illustrated to show the application of the
this paper, at first we identify the significant risks in construction proposed method.
industry project; then we introduce some effective criteria and attributes

33
Innovation Communities: Motivation and Incentives for
Session New Product Development Community Members to Contribute
Date 9/22/2008 Lars Janzik1, Cornelius Herstatt1
1TU Hamburg‐Harburg, Germany
Time 11:00 ‐ 12:30
Room Room D
Chairs Chih‐Lung Chou, Cornelius Herstatt Online Communities (OCs) have become an important source for
identifying the needs and problems of users, supporting
Innovation and Decision Making: Understanding Selection and companies to innovate. This development was fostered by
Prioritization of Development Projects IT/Internet technologies and has also been strengthened through
Ernesto Gutierrez1, Gunilla Olundh Sandstrom1, Jenny Janhager1, S Ritzen1 recent social changes in user behavior within the ʺWeb 2.0ʺ. In
1The Royal Institute of Technology of Sweden, Sweden contrast to its growing relevance, virtual user innovation activities
still are underexplored. Companies that wish to successfully
This paper examines the problems decision makers experience utilize and integrate innovative OC members into their NPD
when selecting and prioritizing new ideas and development process need a better understanding of the drive and changes of
projects. It is based on an explorative study, with interviews user motivation in such Innovation Communities. We would like
carried out in three companies that have new product to contribute to filling this gap. In this paper we analyze,
development as a core competitive factor. categorize and integrate different motivational factors that play a
The findings indicate that to deal with all the situations and major role here and develop several propositions concerning
problems that may arise in the innovation process, various motivation within Innovation Communities.
approaches for making decisions and understanding innovation
are needed. However, regardless of the appropriateness of these
approaches for given circumstances, they receive different levels The Cultural Path‐dependence in the Process of Chinese
of acceptance at an organizational plane. This puts decision Entrepreneursʹ Growing
makers in the conflictive situation of sometimes having to use Yingjing Wang1, Hanhui Hu1
approaches to work that are appropriate but not accepted, and
other times accepted but inappropriate. Furthermore, an
organizationʹs potential to create new products, and consequently This paper mainly studies the cultural path‐dependence in the
its future competitiveness, depends on how its members deal with process of Chinese entrepreneursʹ growing, and there are four
the organizational acceptance of the approaches used. levels of cultural factor, which have the path‐dependence effect on
We discuss the implications of these findings for designing work the Chinese entrepreneursʹ growing, namely national cultural path
procedures for selecting and prioritizing ideas and projects. dependence, regional cultural path dependence, familial cultural
path dependence and individual cultural path dependence. The
result indicates that facing the international market competition
Design Process Reengineering and Planning Based on China needs more and more entrepreneurs, and the negative
Modularization impact of the cultural path dependence on the Chinese
Fei Ma1, Shurong Tong1, Keqin Wang1, Xianlong Xu1 entrepreneursʹ growing should be removed, and the cultural
1Northwestern Polytechnical University, China innovation should be carried on to create a new environment for
Chinese entrepreneursʹ growing.
Process modularization is one of the approaches to reengineer
design process in order to improve the efficiency of product
design and shorten design cycle. This paper, firstly, proposes a Integration of Case‐Based Reasoning Systems for Collaborative
model of design process unit (DPU), which is the minimum New Product Development
design activity unit with three attributes, namely state, resource Chengter Ho1
1National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Taiwan
and constraint. Then, a general description of DPU is illustrated
and, according to their attributes, similarity degrees between these
DPUs are calculated with cosine function method. By similarity Collaborative new product development is a common practice in
matrix and modularization idea, those DPUs with the same or most of the companies to maintain their competitiveness in global
similar attributes can be reengineered into one module, hence they competition. Case‐based reasoning system can provide the most
can be executed concurrently during design process. Finally, an similar cases for the new product development project to shorten
example is presented to validate the feasibility of the method. the time‐to‐market of new product. However, most of the CBRS
are limited to the cases created within the company. It would be
very difficult to access information about collaborative partners
Searching for Lead Users in the Context of Web 2.0 before the collaborating project started. Therefore, sharing of
Chia‐Liang Hung1, Jerome Chih‐Lung Chou2, Kai‐Yu Shu1 product cases between collaborating partners becomes a research
1National Chi Nan University, Taiwan issue. This paper makes sharing of design cases between
2Hwa‐Hsia Institute of Technology, Taiwan partners become easier by utilizing the ontology alignment
technology to integrate the case‐based reasoning systems of the
The objective of this paper is to search for lead users and to collaborating partners. The case library structure of collaborating
evaluate the efficacy of the toolkits that are used for innovation partner is merged with main CBRS through the merge of ontology
facilitators in the web 2.0 context. After interviewing and of the library.
surveying in a popular Taiwan‐based community website, we find
that those who listed in the high hit parade have higher likelihood
of being lead users because they are highly active users on
websiteʹs newly releasing functions and thus obtaining more
expected benefits than others. In addition, they are more likely to
use the add‐on web toolkits, such as the trial‐and‐error learning
tools, the module libraries, and the solutions space, so as to
customize their personal uses, to response problems posted by
others, and even to share self‐invented solutions and whatever
they had self‐configured. Therefore, they gain higher rank in the
top 100 hit parade in return. This research gives insights to the
web service providers for targeting the lead users efficiently and
constructing a user‐generated‐innovation environment with
effective web toolkits.

34
Next Generation PLM‐Process Management for the
Session New Product Development Development of Telecommunications Products in the
Date 9/22/2008 Multi‐Lifecycle Environment
Time 13:30 ‐ 15:00 Oliver Budde1, Julius Golovatchev2, Chin‐Gi Hong2
Room Room D 2Detecon International GmbH, Germany
Chairs Anil Varma, Volker Grienitz

The products in the telecommunications industry typically consist
Funnel or Tunnel? ‐ A Tough Journey for Breakthrough
of several modules that in sum create the customer benefit (e.g.
Innovations
Xiyang Daniel He1, David Probert1, Rob Phaal1 Multi‐Play products). Each module embodies its own lifecycle,
1University of Cambridge, United Kingdom which implies an additional product complexity in terms of
module design, module management and module removal from
Creating breakthrough innovation becomes a key strategy for the product. The authors provide reasons why the holistic view on
many organisations in an increasingly competitive environment. the product lifecycle management is critical for an efficient PLM,
An important precondition for the implementation of such and present a new approach for PLM‐Processs Management in a
substantial innovation is the identification of breakthrough ideas multi‐lifecycle environment based on three principles: 1)
in the front end of the innovation process. However the innovation Enhanced Stage‐and‐Gate Approach, 2) Multi‐Perceptiveness and
pipelines often clog with inconsequential opportunities, ideas and 3) Metrics‐based Management. Taking into consideration the
projects while potentially slowing the valuable ones during their typical characteristics of product components, three variants of a
passage. Therefore, the funnelling capabilities are compromised, PLM‐Process are introduced in the paper: PLM‐Flex, PLM‐Max
and the funnel becomes a tunnel. Focusing on breakthrough and PLM‐Fast. The paper closes with the presentation of a short
innovation operations in a large telecom carrier, this article reveals case study validating the proposed process design for a company
an internal organic process of implementing breakthrough in the telecommunications industry.
innovations.

The Influences of Organizational Memory and Market
Strategic Planning of Future Products with Product Scenarios Information Processes on Product Innovation
Volker Grienitz1, Volker Blume1 Hector Ming‐Ta Tsai1
1Fo Guang University, Taiwan
1University of Siegen, Germany

Manufacturing based corporations often find themselves Product innovation development is one of the most important
confronted with complexities of increased pressures to innovate in ways for companies to keep their competitive advantages in this
order to ensure their comparative market positions. In order to ever‐changing environment. This paper explores the impact of two
react to various exogenous changes corporations need to develop antecedents of product innovation, i.e., organizational memory
strategies that match their manufacturing resources as well as and market information processes. Based on organizational
products with the markets requirements. Product scenarios learning and market orientation theories, it is proposed that
represent a holistic approach for managing innovation processes organizational memory and market information processes
and technologies efficiently. The analysis through evolutionary positively affect product innovations. Empirical evidences show
algorithms for compatibility between and amongst the product that organizational memory plays the most important role in
structure segments provides the necessary information about their product innovations, and market information acquisition and
suitability. The resulting scenarios, roadmaps and a regular dissemination both positively influence product innovations.
monitoring processes are prerequisite for the managerial decision Although market information interpretation has no direct impact
making process and the implementation of product and on product innovation, information interpretation moderates the
technology strategies. relationship of organizational memory and product innovation.

Incorporating Anthropometry into Design of Spoon for Inter‐functional Coordination for Product Realization: A
Children Framework for Future Research
Bor‐Shong Liu1, Hsien‐Yu Tseng1, Chia‐Chen Wu1, Ching‐Yi Liu1 Qiang Lu1, Zhuoxin Li1, Kun Shi1
1St. Johnʹs University, Taiwan 1Harbin Institute of Technology, China

The purpose of this study was to provide product designer with New Product Development (NPD) is among the most important
the anthropometric dimensions of hand for children and compare processes for modern firms to succeed in fast‐paced and
the dimensions of spoon sizes with anthropometric database and competitive markets. This paper reviews and integrates literature
recommend appropriate solutions for design. Two hundred and in the domains of NPD and Organization Behavior (OB) to
five subjects who age ranged from 3 to 10 years old were develop a framework for future inter‐functional coordination
separated into eight stratifications for analysis. Six dimensions of research. The framework, including some propositions, extends
hand were measured by digital caliper. Results of ANOVA showed the traditional design/manufacturing interface into a product
that all hand dimensions were significant age effect. Further, post realization chain involving three interdependent functions ‐
test revealed that mean length of hand could be divided into four product design, process design and manufacturing and explores
subsets. Manufacturers should make products available in various the dynamics of inter‐functional coordination. Many factors are
sizes to accommodate different users at least four sizes for taken into consideration while searching for research
children and various sizes were based on hand length plus 30 mm. opportunities associated with various coordination issues in the
complex development and realization process.

A Dynamic Scheduling Method for Product Development
Xiansheng Qin1, Yiying Cao1, Xianlong Xu1
1Northwestern Polytechnical University, China

In order to ensure the optimal scheduling and shorten the product
development cycle, a method based on Activity and its Process
(ProA) hierarchical decomposition is presented integrated with
product development process modeling. Firstly, the hierarchical
decomposition of product development based on ProA and ProA
Input and Output Item (ProA InOI) are studied. Then, the
relationship of ProA and ProA InOI has been discussed in detail.
Thirdly, a dynamic scheduling method for product development
driven by ProA InOI is given and a polychromatic sets model of
product development scheduling is also proposed. Finally, the
feasibility of the method mentioned in the paper is demonstrated
by using an application example.

35
cost, the proposed approach deploys Activity‐Based Costing (ABC)
Session Quality Management & Six Sigma method. Then cost‐based FMEA method is employed to estimate the cost
Date 9/22/2008 of all risks associated to studied process plan. The output data gathered
in this approach could be used as the guidelines for detailed process
Time 15:30 ‐ 17:30 planning in order to improve product quality/cost ratio.
Room Room D
Chairs Siong‐Lin Ho, Erik De Bruijn Methodology of DMAIC with Why‐Why Analysis in a
Hierarchical Decision Procedure: A Case Study of Quality
Development of Statistical Model for Prediction of River/Stream Improvement of Polarization Maintain and Absorption Reducing
Flow based on Experimental Data (PANDA) Fiber Connectors
Uday Chate1, Anand Deshpande2 Wichai Chattinnawat1
1Visvesvaraya Technological University, India
1Chiang Mai University, Thailand
2University of Mumbai, India
This research presents a case study of an efficient and systematic method
River flow information is essential for many important applications such that combines DMAIC methodology with why‐why analysis in a
as global water balances, engineering design, flood forecasting, reservoir hierarchical decision procedure to improve the quality of PANDA fiber
operations, navigation, water supply, recreation, and environmental connector. To achieve the zero defect concept, this research procedure
management etc. Growing population and competing priorities for water, identified preventive actions of the production process. The procedure is
including preservation and restoration of aquatic habitat, are spurring decomposed into a hierarchy of decisions starting from identifying the
demand for more accurate, timely, and accessible water data. A special Vital Few Causes (VFC) of the product and the process, and removing
positioning device has been developed for placing the current meter for them from the production process by applying the why‐why analysis for
capturing the flow data. The data is used for establishing a statistical identifying their root causes. This systematic procedure led to an easy yet
model for the prediction of the relationship between average velocity and correct identification of the VFCs and provided effective methodology.
water level. Thus, water flow discharge can be assessed just by observing The improvement leads to a statistically significant reduction in
the water level. The model developed predicts the results within 95% percentage of defect.
confidence levels and thus, validates the work in an impactful way.

Analysis of Data Quality and Information Quality Problems in
Optimization of Reflow‐Thermal Profile by Design of Digital Manufacturing
Experiments with Response Surface Methodology for Minimizing Keqin Wang1, Shurong Tong1, Lionel Roucoules2, benoit Eynard3
Solder‐Ball Defects 1Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
Chuvej Chansa‐ngavej , Jumroon Kasemsomporn
1 1 2University of Technology of Troyes, France
1Shinawatra University, Thailand 3University of Technology of Compičgne, France
Solder ball defects are common in electronics assembly operations. This work focuses on the increasing importance of data quality in
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been employed in this organizations, especially in digital manufacturing companies. The paper
research to overcome this problem. The main idea of RSM is to use a set firstly reviews related works in field of data quality, including definition,
of designed experiments to obtain the optimal response. The dimensions, measurement and assessment, and improvement of data
second‐order model was used here. The ramp‐up rate and pre‐heat time quality. Then, by taking the digital manufacturing as research object, the
of reflow‐thermal profile were selected as the input variables, and the different information roles, information manufacturing processes,
number of solder‐ball defects was the output variable. This research has influential factors of information quality, and the transformation levels
resulted in US$1,094 monthly cost savings under the given optimal and paths of the data/information quality in digital manufacturing
conditions, which are 1.4 0C/s of ramp‐up rate and 60 s of pre‐heat time. companies are analyzed. Finally an approach for the diagnosis, control
At this rate the project was paid back in less than a month. Apart from and improvement of data/information quality in digital manufacturing
the tangible benefit, other intangibles were also gained as lessons learned companies, which is the basis for further works, is proposed.
from the implementation of this methodology could be extended to other
products.
Reflective Review of Relationship Between Total Quality
Management and Organizational Performance
Quality Practice and Impact of Culture: A Study of Small and Norhayati Zakuan1, Shaʹri Mohd. Yusof2, Tritos Laosirihongthong3
Medium Sized Manufacturing in the South of Thailand 1Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
Runchana Sinthavalai , Napisporn Memongkol , Srisit Chainrabutra
1 1 2 2Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
1Prince of Songkla University, Thailand 3Thammasat University, Thailand
2Thai‐Chi Institute of Technology, Thailand
In operation management/strategy research field, Total Quality
This paper is formulized by the research question as how small and Management (TQM) has been considered as infrastructural strategy. Both
medium‐sized manufacturing are utilizing the quality systems. The manufacturing and service organizations trend to implement this
research designs to cover the findings from research exploring the nature strategy in order to maintain their competitive advantages. The purpose
and extent of quality practices in those types of manufacturing in the of this study is to develop the conceptual model of TQM implementation.
South of Thailand, as case study. Factors motivating, hierarchical patterns, Authors review updated literature on TQM research organized along
encountered problems and elements of quality culture are observed. two main themes: evolution of TQM considering as a set of practice, and
Respectively, the findings are discussed based on culture analysis, which its impacts to organizational performance. Two research questions are
is derived from Hofstedeʹs dimensions of culture. Remarkably, this proposed in order to re‐validate TQM constructs: (a) Is the set of
study is not to outline methodology for implementing a change. It is to practices associated with TQM valid as a whole? (b) What performance
ascertain the quality culture that has impact to value of people, attitudes, measures should be considered to exhibit an effectiveness of its
and behaviors; indeed those are claimed as contributing to the success of implementation?
quality practice.
A Review of Quality Engineering Tools and Techniques Practices
Achieving Sustainability Three Dimensionally in Malaysia
Muhammad Asif1, Erik de Bruijn1, Olaf Fisscher1, Harm‐Jan Steenhuis2 Nilda Tri Putri1, Shaʹri Mohd. Yusof2
1Andalas University, Indonesia
2Eastern Washington University, United States
Consideration is given to achieving organisational sustainability through Studies of Quality Engineering (QE) usually focused on the areas of
a holistic, integrated and multi stakeholdersʹ participative approach. The process control tools in production and improvement tools used to
notion of ʺoptimizing production processesʺ to achieve sustainability is improve existing production processes and its title typically covers such
not sufficient since most of the unsustainable processes are found outside as Statistical Process Control (SPC), Taguchi Methods and Design of
the certified manufacturing facility. Achieving sustainability requires a Experiment. Only a few studies that looks into a comprehensive
holistic consideration of business processes along the whole supply chain implementation of QE Tools and Techniques especially in Malaysia and
as well as the management systems. Conventional tools and techniques Indonesia automotive industries. This paper aims to review the QE tools
to integrate sustainability in business processes have environmental and techniques practices of Malaysia and Indonesia Automotive
connotations and thus fail to encompass all aspects of sustainability. This Industries in their quality improvement efforts. This paper also
paper proposes a framework that addresses sustainability at three highlights the importance of implementation of QE tools and techniques
frontiers which are life cycle analysis, operational excellence, and in company in various countries and the problems encountered when
integration of management systems. using QE tools and techniques found in the literature. The further
research will identify and evaluate the critical success factors for the
A Quality / Cost‐based Improvement Approach for Conceptual successful implementation of QE. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Process Planning approach is going to be employed to prioritize the critical factors for
Alaa Hassan1, Ali Siadat1, Jean‐Yves Dantan1, Patrick Martin1 implementing QE. The AHP approach is used in this study because it can
1ENSAM‐LGIPM, France help researchers to formulate an appropriate model to evaluate critical
This paper proposes an approach to develop a quality/cost‐based success factors and develop strategies to implement QE tools and
conceptual process planning (QCCPP). This approach aims to determine techniques in Malaysia and Indonesia automotive industries.
key process resources with estimation of manufacturing cost taking into Furthermore, it is believed that the developing of conceptual model will
account the risk cost associated to process plan. Quality Function need for successful QE practices in Malaysia and Indonesia automotive
Deployment (QFD) method is used to select process alternatives. The industries based on empirical research.
results of QFD method have been taken as input to complete process
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). To estimate manufacturing

36
user information and RFM technique which can analyze the
Session IT & E‐Commerce tendency of the various personalization and the exact customer. It
Date 9/22/2008 could be proved and evaluated according to the criteria of
Time 11:00 ‐ 12:30 logicality through the experiment with dataset collected in a
Room Room E cosmetic cyber shopping mall.
Chairs Dotun Adebanjo, Harekrishna Misra

E‐crm Implementation ‐ A Comparison of Three Approaches IT Management of Chinese Firms: Quantitative Analysis by
Dotun Adebanjo1 Using Survey Data
1University of Liverpool, United Kingdom Xiaoyang Feng1, Kazuyuki Motohashi2

2University of Tokyo, Japan
The success of e‐CRM implementation is dependent on how the
initiative is deployed initially. There are no set guidelines to assist
in differentiating the options for potential adopters. This study This paper presents quantitative analysis of IT use, management,
examines three different approaches to e‐CRM implementation by and organization at Chinese firms, based on the ʺInternational
3 SMEs with a view to identifying commonalities and differences Comparative Survey of Firmsʹ IT Strategiesʺ conducted by the
in approaches and how these impact success. The three Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI). The
approaches are deployment of a bespoke e‐CRM application, results of analysis show that Chinese firms have achieved
deployment of an off‐the‐shelf application and deployment of a remarkable progress with regards to the ability of IT to support
proprietary application. The study indicated all three business and strategies, and they have a clear comprehension of
organizations gained benefits from e‐CRM implementation information resources and realize the importance of IT in some
although different processes, technological platform and costs degree. However, we cannot find significant impact of IT use on
were involved. However, the challenges faced by the firm profitability. This may be due to the fact that application of IT
organizations occurred in the medium term and ranged from in Chinese firms is still in transition from the IT support stage of
application maintenance to scalability and modification for development, and further efforts for improving IT management
changing processes. are needed.

A New Design Architecture for e‐CRM Systems and It Prospects and Challenges in Implementing E‐Business
Sedigheh Rezaiian Fardoie1, Mohammad Ali Saniee Monfared2 Strategies for Rural Enterprises: A Case of Dairy Cooperative in
1University of Payame Noor, Iran India
2Alzahra University, Iran Harekrishna Misra1
1Institute of Rural Management Anand, India

Despite the recent interests in development of e‐CRM systems in
different organizations, system designers suffer from lack of Electronic mediation in conducting business ʺon‐lineʺ (e‐business)
systematic approach in design and development of CRM systems. in enterprises is well accepted. However, adopting a suitable
In this paper, we examine and compare the mostly ad‐hoc design e‐business strategy has remained a challenge for enterprises.
architecture employed and used by major players in CRM E‐business related complexities are growing manifold in rural
industries. Upon this analysis we found that the different design enterprises, especially in Indian context, because of limitations in
architecture have many elements in common. We then formalized bringing all stakeholders to common mediating platform with
our new design architecture mode for conceptual design of CRM equity. Rural resources in India are yet to develop to an acceptable
systems and has shown that our model has some exclusive level to help rural enterprises conduct e‐business seamlessly; most
attributes compared to current models. We applied our approach prominently among them are related infrastructure, information
in tourism industry to formulate tour package services in Iran. on input and output markets and skill set. In this paper, prospects
and challenges of establishing e‐business for rural enterprises in
Indian context are discussed. A case is presented to display
possible strengths in this enterprise to exploit opportunities that
Comparing Accuracy of Cosine‐based Similarity and ebusiness environment provides.
Correlation‐based Similarity Algorithms in Tourism
Recommender Systems
Elnaz Bigdeli1, Zeinab Bahmani2
1Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Iran
Decision Support Framework for Developing Cost‐Effective
2K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Iran
Fuel Mix for Power Generation in Pakistan
Muhammad Choudhary1, Nawar Khan1, Aisha Abbas2
Recommender system has a long history as a successful 1National University of Science & Technology, Pakistan
2Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering, Pakistan
application in artificial intelligence. A growth in the number of
products, which has been offered by different e‐commerce
platforms, leads to a technology which can help customers to The electricity generation in Pakistan is predominantly based on
choose and buy products. Collaborative filtering or recommender oil and gas. Three major hydroelectric power stations cater for the
systems use a database about user preferences to predict base load. Sky rocketing oil prices warrant the adoption of a
additional topics or products a newuser might like. This paper balanced fuel mix for power generation based on indigenously
describes some algorithmsdesigned for this task including available and exploitable fuel sources. The framework for the
Cosine‐based similarity algorithm and correlation‐based similarity development of most economic, least cost fuel mix for power
algorithm. The predictive accuracy of various methods in tourism generation in Pakistan is presented. The framework builds upon
recommender domains is compared. On the other hand, wehave the indigenous availability, technical and commercial feasibility,
designed and implemented a recommender system in etourism in capital and fuel costs, environment impact, and indigenous
order to compare performance of these algorithms. Finally, we capabilities to handle various power generation technologies. The
conclude that correlation based similarity algorithm acts better framework suggests that price distortions between different
than Cosine based similarity algorithm. categories of consumers be removed and import of oil for power
generation be considered only after exhausting the locally
available options.

Implementation of Personalized Recommendation System using
Demograpic data and RFM method in e‐Commerce
Young Sung Cho1, Keun Ho Ryu1
1Chungbuk National Universirty, South Korea

This paper proposes the recommendation system which is used
the implicit method without onerous question and answer to the
users based on the data from purchasing, unlike the other
evaluation techniques. We applied demographic variable of the

37
Enterprise Software Development Based on Web Process
Session IT & E‐Commerce Ontology
Date 9/22/2008 Noriaki Izumi1, Koiti Hasida1
1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan
Time 13:30 ‐ 15:00
Room Room E
Chairs Fan‐Chen Tseng, Seung Hwan Kang This paper describes a methodology that enterprises can use to
adapt their software applications, both intra‐net and inter‐net
Network Effects and Multiple Adoption: Two Fundamental systems, to the changes of their business environment. The
Factors in the Competition of E‐Commerce methodology enables agile software development based on a Web
Fan‐Chen Tseng1 process architecture that executes ontology‐based business
1Kainan University, Taiwan processes as workflow systems. Ontology construction technology
is used to extract business model of tasks and processes from
The network effect has been a key factor in the competition in the enterprise documents, model them, and organize them. Reflective
information and telecommunication industries. It is the general semantics interoperates between RDF/XML representation of
principle that the value of connecting to a network depends on the business tasks and Java objects of business process primitives. The
number of existing customers in the network. Usually, it is a gap between business models and enterprise software applications
positive feedback from consumers, and the self‐reinforcement is bridged by a Java‐based software framework that executes
nature of the network effect makes the strong firms stronger and business process as a set of Web page transitions. As a result, a
the weak firms weaker. In the case of e‐commerce, however, the business model is implemented as a thin client application. The
power of network effects can be mitigated by usersʹ multiple software framework enables rapid spiral development of
adoption of networks, which gives starting firms a chance to short‐term cycles because business modelers, software developers,
compete with strong incumbents. This empirical study showed and users are able to share the same framework of description and
that, because of multiple adoption, smaller players can still exist in systems. The feasibility of the methodology described here has
the face of a dominant player. been demonstrated in projects developing local‐government
workflow systems.

The E‐tailerʹs Performance, Pricing Ability and the E‐market
Attributes Interpreting Usage of a Globalization Database Based on
Yida Wang1 Symbolic Interactionism: A Case of an Evidence‐based Medicine
1Hangzhou Dianzi University, China
System
Wen‐Hong Chiu1, Hui‐Ju Chi1
1University, Taiwan
E‐tailers play an important role in peopleʹs daily life. This paper,
through an empirical approach and quantitative data analysis,
investigates the relationship between the E‐tailerʹs performance, Evidence‐based medicine (EBM) highlights the integration of the
its pricing ability, and the attributes of e‐market. A survey done in best research evidence, clinical expertise and patient values into
East China, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The results leads to the practice of patient care. There were some studies concerning
a conceptual model of successful e‐business, showed that e‐tailing on the implementation of EBM in hospitals. The considerations of
in China is becoming maturity, the E‐tailerʹs pricing ability has those researches are mostly focused on organization‐level actions.
positively related with the companyʹs performance, and the However, user‐level interactions with an EBM system are rarely
e‐marketʹs attributesʹ, the number of E‐tailers, the popularity of studied. To discover the deeper meaning of membersʹ experiences
the products, the viewing frequency of the website, the degree of with an EBM system, the symbolic interaction model of an EBM
the e‐market turbulence, influence the E‐tailerʹs pricing ability. The system is established. The participant observation and in‐depth
paper closes with the advice to the E‐tailers pricing strategy and interview methods are used to gather the physiciansʹ meaningful
business operations. experiences with EBM realization. The interview transcripts are
analyzed based on the techniques of grounded theory. The
multiple symbols associated with EBM realization are induced.
Developing Ontology Revision Framework: a Case Study on the Altogether, five different symbolic constructions of EBM
Use of the Coherence Theory for Semantic Shopping Mall realization are documented as ʹmedical assistantʹ, ʹlearning
Seung Hwan Kang1, Sim Kim Lau2 encouragerʹ, ʹcommunication platformʹ, ʹjob enricherʹ and
1Payap University, Thailand
ʹnegativismʹ.
2University of Wollongong, Australia

Why is ontology revision important? Very often, ontology exists in IT Capabilities and Firm Performance: An Empirical Research
a particular period timeline is often designed based on the from the Perspective of Organizational Decision‐making
purpose of a domain of interest at that instance of time. Over a Zengyuan WU1, Zuqing Huang1, Wu Bei2
period of time, ontology is to be revised due to changes in content, 1China Jiliang University, China
environment, requirements, or even structural representation. As
a result, revision and updating of necessary components in
pre‐defined ontology is unavoidable. When this happens, it is Based on resourced‐based theory, this study tries to examine how
important to ensure that revision is conducted in a consistent IT capabilities affect firm performance. In contrast to past studies
manner so that it does not result in unforseen redundancies and that have assumed that IT capabilities have direct effects on firm
inconsistencies. Any revision performed must be accompanied by performance, this study argues that a firmʹs performance can be
a rational change to be dealt with from the consistency perspective. explained by how effective the firm is in using IT to support
This paper presents an ontology revision approach to achieve this organizational decision‐making. A conceptual model is developed
aim based on the coherence theory model of belief revision. An to explain the influencing mechanism of IT capabilities on firm
application scenario of semantic shopping mall is used to performance. Several hypotheses are formulated to show the
demonstrate the approach. relationship among IT capabilities, organizational
decision‐making, and firm performance. Above model is
empirically tested using data collected from 178 manufacturing
firms in China. The results show that IT capabilities have positive
effects on organizational decision‐making, and organizational
decision‐making has positive effects on firm performance, and
organizational decision‐making has significant mediating effects
on the relationship between IT capabilities and firm performance.

38
Digital Data Security and Hiding on Virtual Reality VDO
Session Intelligent & Expert Systems 3DGIS‐Map
Date 9/22/2008 Katanyoo Klubsuwan1, Surasak Mungsing1
1Sripatum University, Thailand
Time 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room Room E
Chairs Yi Wang, Veeris Ammarapala Todayʹs Information Technology supports varieties of e‐commerce,
in particular on‐demand services such as news, message, seminar
Semantic and Rules Based upon Mediator Dynamic Web Service and presentation speech to message, and 3D Video GIS. Each
Composition in Logistics Information Application service can have value‐added by embedding other hidden‐service
Dao Chen1, Xu Cheng2, Chunlai Chai3 within the main service, hence promoting value‐added to the
1Southwest Jiaotong University, China service. The value‐added services are accomplished by using the
2University of Electric Science and Technology of China, China technique of Multiple Keys and Messages Embedding (MKME),
3Zhejiang GongShang University, China
which hidden‐contents can be retrieved only by applying the
correct corresponding decryption keys This paper presents the
Automatic web services composition is currently one of the most design and algorithm for multiple keys and messages embedding
hyped and addressed issue in the SOA. By composition, we mean on 3D Video GIS, based on Steganography concept. The quality of
taking advantage of the existing web services to furnish a new the resulting product was also investigated. The main data used is
web service with more powerful functionality. Therefore, the geospatial video, which is primarily used by the elderly and
paper describes a semantic dynamic web service composition disables people so that they can feel the surroundings on their
framework of modified non‐backtrace backward chain desktop while sitting at home.
composition based on Mediator. A semantic rule modeling
method and a parameter‐level ontology repository for eliminating
semantic conflicts have been set up, and then modified Backward A Review of Thailand Pavement Management System (TPMS)
chain algorithm is utilized to dynamically compose web services. Tienchote Chongpeepien1, Veeris Ammarapala2
1Department of Highways, Ministry of Transport, Thailand
Particularly, we explore dynamic services composition applied to
the third‐party logistics companies, and assist them to intelligently
acquire various and effective information from diversified and
distributed network by integrating web resources. Abstract ‐ This paper is a review of a maintenance management
system, known as Thailand Pavement Management System
(TPMS), which has been used for about three decades by Thailand
ANFIS Models for Prognostic and Survival Rate Analysis Department of Highways (DoH). The main purpose of this
Oras Baker1, Sameem Abdul Kareem2 system is to manage a limited annual maintenance budget that
1University College Sedaya International, Malaysia DoH obtains. This system is a combination of two modules: TPMS
2University of Malaya, Malaysia
module and TPMS budgeting module. TPMS module is used for
rating the performance of the road section, while TPMS budgeting
Fuzzy modeling and identification methodologies have been module is used for performing the economic decision analysis and
successfully used in a number of real‐world applications. The suggesting the most appropriate treatment for that specific road
Takagi‐Sugeno model has often been employed in the modeling section based on the results. This paper discusses the history and
and identification of nonlinear technical processes from data. In significance of TPMS, the usages, the embedded model and its
this context we propose a new fuzzy inference system designed limitations.
specifically to predict the survival rate in a given medical data. In
this study we are concerned with NPC because it is one of the
most common cancers in Malaysia. Two training methods were Modeling Strategy with Strategic Neuron
used namely back propagation and a hybrid method to train the Phannaphatr Savetpanuvong1, Uthai Tanlamai1
FIS model. These two models were performed to evaluate the
predictive accuracy, and the results were found to be satisfactory.
This paper proposes Strategic Neuron modeling as a predictive
model of firmʹs financial performance. Based on the artificial
Extracting Input Features and Fuzzy Rules for Forecasting neural network (ANN), the output layer is akin to financial
Exchange Rate Using NEWFM performance with input from intangible assets. The hidden layers
Sang‐Hong Lee1, Joon S. Lim1 are value‐creating process and customer value proposition
1Kyungwon University, South Korea
described in Kaplanʹs Strategy Map. Strategic Neuron transforms
strategic objectives in the strategy map into mathematically
Fuzzy neural networks have been successfully applied to generate parameterized measures using the trained samples of enterprise
predictive rules for exchange rate forecasting. This paper presents performance data in Thailand.
a methodology to forecast the daily and weekly changes of
exchange rate by extracting fuzzy rules based on the neural
network with weighted fuzzy membership functions (NEWFM) The Customer Lifetime Value Prediction in Mobile
and the minimized number of input features using the distributed Telecommunications
non‐overlap area measurement method. NEWFM classifies the Yi Wang1, Siripun Sanguansintukul1, Chidchanok Lursinsap1
higher and lower cases of next dayʹs and next weekʹs exchange
rate using the recent 32 days and 32 weeks of CPPn,m (Current
Price Position of day n and week n : a percentage of the difference How to treat the customer relationship is a crucial problem in the
between the price of day n and week n and the moving average of telecommunications industry. Therefore, how to measure and
the past m days and m weeks from day n‐1 and week n‐1) of the manage customer lifetime value (CLV) for determining the likely
daily and weekly exchange rate, respectively. In this paper, the future profit from the customer is very important because the
Haar wavelet function is used as a mother wavelet. The most customer is always looking for better and cheaper products and
important and minimized input features among CPPn,m and 38 services. The CLV value not only combines with the churn
numbers of wavelet transformed coefficients produced by the management but also considers the cross‐selling and up‐selling to
recent 32 days and 32 weeks of CPPn,m are selected by the allure customer. Earning, not just buying,customersʹ loyalty is
non‐overlap area distribution measurement method. The now mandatory. Analysis and prediction of customer lifetime
proposed method shows that the accuracy rates are 55.19% for the value (CLV) methods by using Artificial neural network (ANN) is
daily changes, 72.58% for the weekly changes of GBP/USD proposed here. In this paper Multi‐Layer Perceptron (MLP)
exchange rate, and 70.74% for the weekly changes of Indian network with Levenberg‐marquardt algorithm is used to predict
rupee/USD exchange rate. the CLV, the strategic and operational decisions to retain a
customer Lifetime Value in the Mobile Telecommunications
industry.

39
innovation involved (1) investing in R&D (2) participating in
Session Poster Session (1) partnering and alliances on projects (3) ensuring project learnings
Date 9/22/2008 are transferred into continuous business processes (4) monitoring
Time 10:30 ‐ 11:00, 15:00 ‐ 15:30 international best practice and (5) recruiting new graduates.
Room Foyer

The Impact of Gender Difference on Entrepreneurship: A Technology Embeddedness, Innovation Differentiation
Literature Review Strategies and Firm Performance
Jia Li1, Xiao Zhang1, Junyan Xie1, Zhong Yang1 Xuefeng Liu1, Linyuan Yang2
1University of Nanjing, China 1Xiamen University, China
2Sky Power International Investment Co. Ltd, China

With the development of world economy, it is more and more
common for women to become self‐employed. But there is little Chinese manufacturing firms have been pursuing strategic
research on the female entrepreneurship in the academic field. We upgrading from traditional low‐cost manufacturing strategies to
find that gender difference has a certain extent of impact on innovation differentiation strategies since Chinaʹs reforming and
entrepreneurship after reading the relevant literature home and opening. Under such research backgrounds, this paper proposes
abroad thoroughly. This paper analyze the influence of gender that relational technology embeddedness and structural
difference on the characteristics of entrepreneurship from such technology embeddedness as well as the interaction between them
five aspects as the motivation of entrepreneurship, the leading have positive impacts on firm performance, and their influences
style as the entrepreneur, the selection of the industry, the size of on firm performance are mediated by firmʹs innovation
entrepreneurship, and the channel of financing. Wish to provide differentiation strategies. Using data from 182 Chinese sample
some theoretic help for the domestic deep research on the female firms in east China, this paper attests that relational technology
entrepreneurship. embeddedness and structural technology embeddedness have
positive impacts on firm performance, and such influences are
mediated by innovation differentiation strategies. The result also
The Influence of Governance Form on the Utility of Corporate shows that the interaction between relational technology
Technological Entrepreneurship Activities —— An Empirical embeddedness and structural technology embeddedness has a
Studies on Chinese Bio‐Pharmaceutical Industry direct impact on firm performance, not being mediated by
Xuebing Peng1, Xudong Ni1, Chunxu Yao1 innovation differentiation strategies.
1Zhejiang Sci‐tech University, China

The article outlines and empirically tests a model of the Study on Modular Product Development and Market Oriented
moderating effect that governance form has on Management ‐ A Case Study of Haier Group
entrepreneurship‐performance relationship. A sample of 65 Jiangming Huang1, Taohua Ouyang1, Yunxia Feng1
1Renmin University of China, China
high‐tech new business venture was used to exame whether there
is different effect between allince and mergers and acquisition
on the relationship between corporate technolo‐gical This paper discusses the process through which the product
entrepreneurship and its financial performance. The result development strategy of Chinese enterprise finds an appropriate
shows that alliance governance form positively moderates the organizational structure. This paper examines the above process
relationship between corporate technological entrepreneurship using product development management at Haier as a case. Haier
and performance, but mergers and acquisitions governance form has introduced both the modular product architecture and market
negatively moderates it. oriented management. Modular product architecture helps the
company develop new products with low cost and limited
differentiation at a fast speed. Market oriented management urges
How to Operationalize Dynamic Capabilities: A Perspective of R&D employees to take into account market demand factors when
Resource Management Processes initiating a new project. The two approaches, are the key attributes
Yong Song Xiao1, Zhong Ming Wang1, Rui Qiang Yin2, Li Xiong3 for promoting the mutual matching between new product strategy
1Globle Entrepreneurship Research Center, China and its organizational structure, and also are the sources of
2Shandong Science and Technology University, China
competitive advantages of Chinese enterprises.

According to the development and evolvement of resource‐based A Study on the Relation Between Properties of Network
view (RBV), we analyze the relationship between resource Activity and Innovation in Regional Innovation Clusters ‐
management processes and dynamic capabilities and assess Perspective of Social Capital
several research of measuring dynamic capabilities. Through Junghee Han1, KwangJin Kim1, Ilmo Kang1
analyzing the definition of dynamic capability, characteristics of 1Seoul University of Venture and Information, South Korea
processes, emphasis on learning, common research framework,

and comparison with activity‐based framework, we think itʹs In a society based on knowledge, the knowledge is crucial factor
reasonable to operationalize dynamic capability by resource to innovation. It is impossible for a firm to possess all the
management processes, and present a framework of measurement knowledge for innovation. Tacit knowledge is harder than explicit
which includes classification and characteristics of resources, knowledge in delivering information. In general, we know that
resource management processes, environment factors, and explicit knowledge can be spillover through formal channel. On
opportunity identification. We also remark some difficulty in the contrary tacit knowledge can be delivered with ease through
operationalization and emphasize some aspects in next work. the informal channels.
The purpose of this paper is to find whether the network activities
based on social capital (trust and shared objective) differ in Korea
Assessing the Value of Different Business Strategies to clusters or not. Using data collected from multiple respondents in
Innovation by Firms in the Construction Industry firms, we found there were no differences formal channel and
Karen Manley1, Stephen McFallan2, Michael Swainston3, Stephen Kajewski1 informal channel regardless of industry sectors.
1Queensland University of Technology, Australia

2Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization, Australia
3Queensland Department of Main Roads, Australia

Chinaʹs Generation Y: Understanding the Workforce
Erdong Zhao1, Liwei Liu1
This original empirical research was conducted to explore the 1North China Electric Power University, China
relationship between business strategies and innovation

implementation by project‐based firms. The relative importance of Chinaʹs Generation Y, the future leader and backbone of the
five types of business strategies was assessed, concerning: (1) Chinaʹs workforce, is a generation of approximately 204 million
employees, (2) marketing, (3) technology, (4) knowledge and (5) people born between 1980 and 1989. Growing up in the age of
relationships. Analysis was based on a major survey of the economic boom, technology development, educational availability
Australian construction industry, as an example of a project‐based and under the special care of parents, Chinaʹs Gen Y illuminates
industry. Marketing strategies were found to be least important to important questions not only about Chinaʹs future but also those
innovation outcomes, across the five strategy types. The of the United States and the global economy, yet even after The
individual business strategies having the greatest impact on Reform Era in China, little is known about Chinaʹs Generation Y.

40
In this article, Chinaʹs Generation Y workforce will be identified, activities adopted from porterʹs value chain and then we
their characteristics, challenges to the present management be investigate a combination of a multi‐agent system and an
analyzed, the management techniques for bring out the Best in agent‐based semantic web service architecture namely AGORA as
Generation Y be suggested. a technique to support SPM in a distributed environment.

A Practical Bid Evaluation Method Considering Social Costs in Incorporating Fault Dependency and Debugging Delay in
Urban Infrastructure Projects Software Reliability Analysis
Xueqing Wang1, Bingsheng Liu1, Erez N. Allouche2, Xiaoyan Liu1 Rui Peng1, Qing Pei Hu2, Szu Hui Ng1
1Tianjin University, China 1National University of Singapore, Singapore
2Louisiana Tech University, United States 2City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Many construction projects incur negative social costs during the Traditional software reliability growth models are on the trend for
construction period. The negative impacts on society and the generalization. The original restricted assumptions are released to
environment associated with infrastructure projects in urbanized adapt to different practical software testing environments. As far
areas, which are regarded as public goods, can be reduced by as our current research is concerned, the assumptions of
taking social costs into account in the bid evaluation process. This immediate fault removal and fault independency are released. In
paper presents a literature review of methods developed by this paper, a modeling framework for software reliability is
researchers around the world for quantifying social costs. Then, proposed to incorporate both fault dependency and debugging
on the basis of an indicator system established to evaluate the time delay. Various models are derived based on different
social costs associated with Urban infrastructure projects, a new assumptions on debugging lag. This approach is illustrated with a
bid evaluation process which takes into social costs into real dataset from a software project.
consideration is proposed. To overcome the difficulty in
measuring social costs, a method was developed for synthetically
evaluating the pre‐bid estimate of social costs based on the Measuring Service Quality in Online Shopping: A Case Study
experience of an expert or a group of experts. The model utilizes a Of E‐Retailing in Iran
comprehensive fuzzy set evaluation method to select the most Seyed Hossein Siadat1, Veronica Clement Buyut1, Azizah Abdul Rahman1
1University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia
reasonable bid.

One of the key challenges in online businesses is how to measure
Software Estimation Tool Based on Three ‐ Layer Model for service quality in order to have a better understanding of its
Software Engineering Metrics consequences which holds a significant importance to customer
Daya Gupta1, Satyapal Jee Kaushal1, Mohd Sadiq2 satisfaction. In this paper, we ranked the dimensions of service
1Delhi College of Engineering, India quality that affect the customersʹ expectation in online shopping in
2Jamia Millia Islamia, India
Iran from the customersʹ perspective. The measurements used
were based on the widely accepted SERVQUAL model which is
In todayʹs competitive world of software, cost estimation of the most common method for measuring service quality. A
software plays a major role because it determines the effort, time, descriptive statistics analysis was used to evaluate the level of
quality etc. Lines of codes and Function Point are traditional service quality of Iranianʹs online shops from the customersʹ point
method for estimating the various software metrics. But in todayʹs of view. A comparison of service quality factors has also been done
world of object oriented programming Function Point calculation between Iranian and American customers.
for C++, Java is a big challenge. We have developed a tool based on
function point analysis which has three layer architecture model
to calculate various software metrics project, especially for Java Personal Innovativeness and Initial Adoption of M‐Commerce:
program. This tool has been used for estimating of various Toward an Integrated Model
projects developed by students. Finally as a result we have shown Yiming Xiang1, Xiaobo Wu1, Qi Chen1
the attributes of three layer models i.e. FP, LOC, productivity and
Time etc.
M‐Commerce is playing an increasingly important role in our
daily life, but we still do not know what factors contribute to user
An Assessment of Related Parameters Affectingon Success and initial adoption of M‐Commerce. Based on TAM, TPB and IDT,
Failures of National It Projects: Case Study of Iran this paper presented an integrated M‐Commerce initial adoption
Shahriar Mohammadi1, Saeede Zare Hosseini2, Hediye Jahanshahi2 model, then represented an in‐depth discussion on the mechanism
that how personal innovativeness influence user initial adoption
2KNTU, Iran
of M‐Commerce. Data collected from 196 persons in the China
were tested against the model. Results indicated perceived
Emergence of Information technology and its rapid progress usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived behavior control,
hugely influence every aspect of human life in the world; hence IT subjective norm toward M‐commerce are significantly attributed
projects have a particular importance in different countries and to personal innovativeness. Important implications for
organizations implementing IT projects have major role in the M‐commerce promotion were also discussed.
matter. Success or failure in an IT project depends on several
internal or external factors. In this study, these factors and criteria
are examined and determined for a nation‐wide IT projects in Iran
as a case study. A survey on the performed national IT projects in Integrating Static Structure and Dynamic Behaviour to Model
this case study enables us to analyze the drawbacks and E‐negotiation
advantages of the process and handling IT projects. Consequently Hong Feng Lai1, J. J. Wu1, K. Y. Wu1
it paves the way to reduce the failure rates of the IT projects in 1National United University, Taiwan
Iran
The decision process in negotiation is to get the mutual goal and
gain. However, being due to complexity of negotiation process,
negotiation of contracts is often still performed manually. The
An Assistant for Large Scale Software Project Management: e‐negotiation is the computerized support of negotiation process
Hybrid of Agents and Semantic Web Services over the internet. This paper proposes a reference template of
Ali Habibi Badrabadi1, Shahriar Mohammadi1 e‐negotiation based on extended entity‐relationship data model
(EER) and Interaction Protocol (IP) to express the static structure
and dynamic behaviour in e‐negotiation. The development
Most Software projects fail because the project managers often framework of the EERIP includes three levels, i.e. conceptual level,
ignore the previous experiences and are not aware about the best logical level and simulation and evaluation level. Transformation
practices. On the other hand, in response to the challenges of rules are used to map a source model to a target model using.
globalization and formation of the international teams whose Finally, the simulation level is supported by Coloured Petri net
members are distributed on the world; software project (CPN) tools to evaluate the correctness and the adequacy of the
management (SPM) environment has been changed since two model. This paper will apply an example of e‐negotiation to
decade ago. In this paper we present a value chain for SPMʹs validate the feasibility of the EERIP model.

41
underlying objective of this paper is to understand U‐Readiness
efforts in China from a technological perspective. Non‐technology
Study on Business Models for Electronic Commerce readiness are discussed from social implications, market
Tsung‐Shin Hsu1, Shan‐Ping Chuang2, Chang‐Lin Yang3, Chiao‐Jung Hsu1 foundation and government police perspectives.
1National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan


Achieving Low‐carbon Economy by Disruptive Innovation in

China
The purpose of this study is to investigate the business model of Zhiwei Wang1, Jin Chen1
electronic commerce (e‐commerce). This study proposed a 1Zhejiang University, China
framework of e‐commerce business models based on the findings
of literature review and in‐depth interviews with experienced This paper proposes a framework for China to achieve low‐carbon
specialists. The proposed framework includes three roles economy by disruptive innovations. Chinaʹs rapid
(supplier‐oriented, consumer‐oriented, and supporter‐oriented) industrialization and economic growth have significantly
and eight models (content provider, E‐tailer, manufacturing, increased its energy consumption. The issue of Greenhouse Gas
community, user creating, affiliate, brokerage, and trust mitigation poses a huge challenge to China to create an innovative
intermediary). 70 commercial websites were selected from Alexa and sustainable development pattern. Both theoretical and
Top 100 Sites Taiwan to study which business models were empirical studies imply that technological transition approach
applied for creating their own values. The results indicate that would be a suitable approach to achieve sustainable innovation
e‐commerce business models tend to more interactive and for low‐carbon economy. By comparative analysis the differences
participable. Contribution of this study lies in proposing a between disruptive innovations and radical innovations, we
framework of e‐commerce business models with new perspectives, propose that to trigger technological transition in developing
and enhancing the understanding of e‐commerce business models. countries, disruptive innovations are wiser approach than radical
innovations. Then, we suggest a low‐carbon technological
transitions model which will focus on fostering disruptive
Two‐Phased Information Search and Evaluation in innovations as the incentives of a low‐carbon economy transition.
e‐Consumersʹ Decision Process for High‐Involvement Products:
An Exploratory Study
Chun‐An Chen1, Jui‐Chin Jiang2, Feng‐Yuan Hsiao1 Industry Clusterʹs Innovation Network Structure and
1Nan‐Ya Institute of Technology, Taiwan
2Chung‐Yuan Christian University, Taiwan
Competitiveness in Zhejiang Province
Tiejun Chen1
1Zhejiang University of Technology, China
Most consumers today tend to perform extensive research online
after identifying a purchasing need. This exploratory study Zhejiang Province, China, is known as a home of industrial
attempts to clarify e‐consumersʹ purchase decision‐making clusters. Academic interests on Zhejiangʹs industrial clusters have
processes for high‐involvement products. Findings from the been attracted to the peculiar development experiences of
consumer focus group interviews support that consumers do have Wenzhou, Taizhou and Shaoxing in Zhejiang. Most of the
tendency to perform search online before committing to any literature on Zhejiangʹs industrial clusters, however, is case studies
purchases. Also, it suggests a two‐phased information search and of some clusters. It is necessary to analyze the cluster as a whole
evaluation model. Consumers tend to place more focus on from the view of innovation network. Innovation is often
different marketing mix elements in each phase. Most online identified as a key to region competitiveness and prosperity, and
shoppers evaluate the product in the first phase and compare is promoted through various policy initiatives in many areas. Yet
prices in the second. While the decision of sales channel selection innovation today is no longer carried out within individual firm,
is postponed, both traditional and electronic alternatives are but often crosses borders in the form of innovation networks. The
jointly evaluated in retail markets. paper analyzed he innovation network structure. The innovation
network structure can be divided in three sectors including core
network, auxiliary network and external supporting network. The
Optimization Strategy for Disaster Recovery paper investigated Zhejiang innovation network structure and
Montri Wiboonrat1, Kitti Kosavisutte2
concluded the role of innovation network to the industry cluster
2The University of Electro‐Communications, Japan change.

These Accuracy, availability, security, and updating of financial
records are crucial for banking business services. The importance LSP‐client relationship: A new angle of view on Logistics Firmsʹ
of 24x365 hour service availability with accurate and secured data Organization Innovation
Ji Wu1, S. C. Sheng1
is the resolution for business competitive advantages. Choosing 1Harbin Institute of Technology, China
the right IT contingency planning (ITCP) for disaster recovery (DR)

insures business continuity and optimizes banking investment.
The recent trend towards outsourcing of logistics activities
This research investigates the imperative fundamental
emphasizes the importance of the Logistics Service Provider. As a
requirements of each banking business unit and addresses the
result, all Logistics firms that provide 3PL services are situated on
mapping of business criticality to DR readiness by assessing
a special position in the supply chain. This particular position
recovery time objective (RTO) and recovery point objective (RPO)
requires us to have a new point of view on the organization
to guarantee business continuity under a maximum tolerable
innovation of Logistics firms ‐ the extern‐organizational viewpoint;
period of disruption (MTPD). The DR strategy model proposes
this new angle is the LSP‐client relationship. The object is to prove
optimization strategy for choosing the right pattern of disaster
the pertinence between the relationship orientation and
recovery solution for each business unit requirement.
origination innovation by proposing an influence model, which

applies organizational learning as a medial variable, in the supply

chain. The model will be further discussed with hypothesis and

their statistical results.
U‐Readiness: Extending the Universe of Society in China

Ge Zhu1, Sunanda Sangwan1, Tingjie Lu2
1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
2Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China The Application of FMEA in Defect Reduction for the Spindle
Motor Assembly Process for Hard Disk Drives
Ubiquitous Network Society (UNS) is viewed as the next general Nisakorn Somsuk1, Pongtiwa Pongpanich1
1Eastern Asia University, Thailand
ICT development destination by many technologically advanced
countries. Succeeding countries such as China are now assessing
how to embrace the advent of ubiquitous era. This paper examines At the present time, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
this issue form Chinaʹs technological perspective. Characteristic of technique is frequently used in manufacturing industry to deal
UNS is identified and reviewed from technology acceptation and with undesirable situations. These can occur throughout the
adoption perspective. We study technology framework of UNS is various phases of the product life cycle. The objectives of this
from three perspectives: Wireless Communication Network, research are to analyze and identify potential problems in the
Perception Technology and Ubiquitous Computing. The spindle motor assembly process for 2.5‐inch hard disk drives. The
process often encounters the problem of hub flange height failure.

42
The result of this research may reveal the failures within five steps Attracting multinational enterprises to set up research and
of the focusing process. The Risk Priority Number (RPN) of each development centers (RDCs) in domestic is a key strategy to
failure may now be calculated. As a result of this, the five highest upgrade industry ability for developing countries. In 2004, in
RPNs may be selected in order to take corrective action. It could order to strengthen its competitiveness of IC industry, Taiwan
be concluded that, by applying the FMEA technique, all risks in government decided to actively select multinational eneterprise
the process have been pinpointed and all recommended corrective and pursuer them to setup RDCs in Taiwan. This paper describes
actions have been taken. As a final step, the process can be the process of identifying required technologies and partners.
improved by a two‐factor factorial experiment with the significant Analysis by industry intelligence institute and survey of industry
level at 0.05 in order to determine the optimum setup conditions. executives are employed in the process. The process used in the
By implementing FMEA, the defective parts could be reduced study is a top‐down approach beginning from structure of the
from 6,294.36 DPPM to 3,788.27 DPPM. whole semiconductor industry, to required critical technologies, to
possible RDC partners. Promotion and invitation programs are
executed based on the result of the analysis. Taiwan government
Display Online Store Products by Automatic Merchandise successfully pursuer some of the target partners and have them
Classification Based on Product Similarity set up RDCs in Taiwan.
Chih‐Chien Wang1, Yu‐Chien Lee1
1National Taipei University, Taiwan

Franchising ‐ A Study About the Intention of the Iberian
This study presents an automatic merchandise classification Companies to Internationalize
approach based on similarity of product attributes. The proposed Maria Pedro1, J. A. Filipe2, Manuel Coelho3
approach can automatically separate products into appropriate 1Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal
2Instituto Superior de Ciencias do Trabalho e da Empresa, Portugal
groups, allow consumers to rapidly and conveniently find
3Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, Portugal
products with similar attributes, and considerably reduce the
workload associated with managing Internet stores. To illustrate
the usefulness of the automatic merchandise classification method A study has been made for the internationalization of the
proposed here, this study includes a prototype website for making franchising Iberian companies. Our aim was to analyze the most
a practical comparison between this method and existing important variables for the internationalization. We studied it
classification methods. An experiment involving 205 participants using several statistical methods applied to the answers given by
revealed that this method not only increased the efficiency of companies to a questionnaire. We have concluded that are some
website management, but also permitted consumers to easily relevant variables to be considered in the internationalization such
identify the products they required. Participants also indicated as age, dimension, bond, dispersion, structure of the network and
greater satisfaction when using the method proposed in this study. some variable connected with environment and motivational
factors.

A Class of Resource‐constrained Multiple Project Scheduling
Model with Fuzzy Coefficients and Its Application to Working A Fuzzy Multi‐objective Decision Making Model of the
Procedure Advertising Budgeting Allocation and Its Application to an IT
Zhe Zhang1, Jiuping Xu1 Company
1Sichuan University, China Di Wang1, Jiuping Xu1

The aim of this paper is to deal with the resource‐constrained
multiple project scheduling problems (rc‐mPSP) with fuzzy This paper addresses a fuzzy multi‐objective decision making of
coefficients, which is well known one of NP‐hard problems, by a the advertising budgeting allocation as well as its application at
hybrid genetic algorithm with fuzzy logic controller (flc‐hGA). the tactical level. The enterprises always want to find an optimal
The objective in this paper is to minimize total project time in the allocation of advertising budget in order to maximize the
project. Because traditional optimization techniques canʹt cope advertising effectiveness, which is generally represented by the
with the rc‐mPSP problems with fuzzy coefficients effectively, so viewersʹ number. However, the viewersʹ data collected by the
we presents a new approach based on the hybrid genetic media just approximates to the actual number of viewers who
algorithm (hGA) with fuzzy logic controller (FLC). For rc‐mPSP really pay attention to the advertisement. Therefore, we employ a
with fuzzy coefficients, the approach was tested on a set of fuzzy multi‐objective decision making model to present it and a
standard problems and compared with other approaches. The random‐weight approach based on genetic algorithm to solve this
computation results validate the effective‐eness of the proposed model. The approach is applied to an IT company called Suojia
algorithm. and the result shows important gains can be achieved.

The Effect of Psychological Ownership on the Possession
Attachment and Willingness to Share the Internet Content
Zoonky Lee1, JaeKyung Lee1, Sang‐goo Lee2, HeungSun Park3, Hyunsoo
Kim4
1Yonsei University, South Korea
2Seoul National Unviersity, South Korea
3Hankook Univeristy of Foreign Studies, South Korea
4Kyonggi University, South Korea

The development of the Internet has accelerated the speed of
information distribution, and lead to the emergence of content
sharing among users. In this study, we try to understand content
sharing over the public web using the concept of psychological
ownership. The study consists of two different experiments. In
the first study, we investigated how the right to control of their
digital contents and time/ effort cost are related to willingness to
share. In the second experiment, we add the concept of the
psychological distance.
Our study contributes to the understanding of peopleʹs
information sharing behavior by focusing on psychological
ownership and psychological in the public internet domain.

Selecting Research and Development Center Partners for
Semiconductor Industry in Taiwan
Chih‐Hung Hsieh1
1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan

43
The Role of R&D Offshoring in Explaining the Patent Growth
Session Innovation Policy & Management of China and India at USPTO
Date 9/23/2008 Yibing Duan1, Yang Kong1
1Chinese Academy of Science, China
Time 11:00 ‐ 12:30
Room Room A
Chairs Runhua Tan, Gunduz Ulusoy Recently granted patents by Chinese and Indian inventors for
protection at the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
Research on Complex Problem Analysis in TRIZ increase rapidly, although from a quite low base. This paper uses
Zihui Wei1, Run‐hua Tan1, Lihui Ma2, Jianguang Sun1, Dongchao Hou1 patent data to explore the phenomenon of Chinese and India
1Hebei University of Technology, China inventorsʹ growing interest to apply for USPTO patents. We draw
2Hebei University, China on a comprehensive database consisting of all granted utility
patents with China or India as residence of the first‐named
Complex problem analysis and solving are an important inventors from 1988 to 2007. Data show both in China and India,
evolutionary direction of TRIZ. Identifying core root cause and most USPTO patents are owned by foreign assignees. The results
confirming contradictions are important for the management of coincide with the trends of FDI and related foreign‐invested R&D
complex problem solving. Both Theory of Constraints (TOC) and activities in two countries by time, area and industry. We discuss
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) include tools which can help get root the policy implications of R&D offshoring finally.
cause from complex problem situation. FTA provides qualitative
and quantitative analysis methods to evaluate the weights of root
causes. A complex problem solving model integrating tools of Developing What Customers Really Need: Involving Customers
TOC and FTA in TRIZ frame is put forward, a case shows the in Innovations
application of this model. Marcel Weber1
1Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands

The Critical Factors of Team Innovation ‐ the Grey Relational Involving users in new product design and development is in
Analysis itself not a new phenomenon. Academic research on the subject,
Lien‐An Hsu1, Hsu‐Feng Hung1, Ting‐Chun Lu1 however is relatively new. Since this new millennium research on
1National ChengChi University, Taiwan user involvement in innovations has multiplied, exhibiting that
firms who actively involve users in their innovation process can
A model analysis based on literature review is lacking in team benefit from this initiative, even though literature also warns us
innovation research. This study attempts to fill this gap by the for a too great and active rely on the participation of customers in
Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to propose a preliminary list of innovation. However, research is mostly of a descriptive and
critical factors on team innovation. The application of GRA explanatory nature, and is seldom a prescription for firm
method proceeds in two‐stages, grouping factors via global GRA managers on what to do should they decide to involve their
first, followed by ranking the groups in order of importance via customers in an innovation initiative. This paper addresses this
local GRA. The results reveal that there are 13 critical factors out omission in literature and tries to give some first building blocks
of 21 antecedents in the team innovation literature, and they are for a protocol for firms that want to involve their customers in
highly correlated. With such an analysis, the identification of innovations. This protocol will be the result of the authorʹs further
critical factors of team innovation is fine grained with a sound research on literature, previously executed projects by the author,
foundation. Those factors together are plausible variable expert interviews and a design and development process, in
candidates or a good starting referent for building team continuation of this paper.
innovation models in future researches. This study contributes to
the team innovation literature by suggesting a quantitative
method to the team innovation field.
The Effect of Long‐Term Customer Satisfaction on Customer
Purchase Intention
Modeling Innovation: Determinants of Innovativeness and the Pao‐Long Chang1, C.T. Hsiao2, Hui Hua Huang1
Impact of Innovation on Firm Performance
2Tunghai University, Taiwan
Gurhan Gunday1, Gunduz Ulusoy2, Kemal Kilic2, Lutfihak Alpkan3
1Turkish Institute for Industrial Management, Turkey
2Sabanci University, Turkey As a result of globalization and the advent of the era meager profit,
3Gebze Institute of Technology, Turkey
operating profit becomes the striving goal of enterprises. The
automotive industry is as a path to technological and economic
The objective of this paper is to report on the method, analysis, developments. When the car manufacturing got matured,
and conclusions concerning two research questions formulated as: marketing and after services are the main sources to increase
ʺWhat are the determinants of innovation at firm level?ʺ and profits. The selling trend of Taiwanese automotive market is
ʺwhat is the impact of innovation on firm performance?ʺ The mainly through regional automobile dealers. It plays the roles for
results are based on an empirical study covering 184 both marketing and after‐sale maintenance services. This study
manufacturing firms in the Northern Marmara region within analyses the profit structure of the automobile regional dealers in
Turkey. A comprehensive and integrated innovation model is Taiwan to explore the system behavior using system dynamics
presented composed of two sub‐models proposed in line with the methodology. The research results show: To enhance long‐term
two research questions posed. Results and conclusions are customer satisfaction is the key factor for regional automobile
presented. dealers to acquire profits.

44
A Comparative Analysis of Organizational Innovation in Two
Session Innovation Management Japanese SMEs Groups Generated by Information
Date 9/23/2008 Communication Technology
Time 13:30 ‐ 15:00 Teruyuki Bunno1, Hiroki Idota2, Masaru Ogawa3, Masatsugu Tsuji4
1Kinki University, Japan
Room Room A 2Otemon Gakuin University, Japan
Chairs Masaru Ogawa, HK Tang 3Kobe Gakuin University, Japan
The Importance of Routine Innovation Activities for Economic
Growth This paper focuses on factors which promote organizational
Ursula Deplazes1, Wolfgang Deplazes1, Roman Boutellier1
1ETH Zurich, Switzerland
innovation through ICT use by applying the index based on AHP.
In so doing, two groups, one developed SMEs and the other
This paper analyzes the importance of routine innovation underdeveloped, are compared in one model. Organizational
activities for economic growth. After discussing the drivers of innovations generated by the introduction of ICT are classified by
growth in the free‐market economy, we focus on the concept of the following four types: (i) the number of PCs owned, (ii) number
routine innovation activities as a major source of economic growth. of PCs connected to networks such as LAN, (iii) extent to which
Based on several economic theories we conceptualize routine software that contributes to the efficient utilization of managerial
innovation activities. This concept is the foundation of a holistic resources has been implemented, and (iv) Internet use. The index
approach to organizational design discussed in an additional of organizational innovation generated by above ICT introduction
paper presented at the ICMIT 2008 [1]. Business organizations can is calculated by the AHP (Analytical Hierarchical Process).
thus capitalize on the phenomenon of routine innovation activities
by proactively routinizing innovation.
Catching up in New Energy Vehicle Industry: Review of its
Development and Policies in China
Hongtao Chen1, Jun Jin1, Jin Chen1
Matching the STI / DUI Mode of Learning Dynamically to 1Zhejiang University, China
Realize Continuous Innovation: A Case Study of CIMC Group
Aifang Guo1, Yubing He2, Jin Chen2, Tingting Tao3
1Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University;Zhejiang University, China
In order to reduce the emission of automobile exhaust and
2Zhejiang University, China overcome energy crisis, like other countries, China has launched
3The China International Marine Containers (Group) Ltd., China incentive policies to develop new energy vehicles including
electric vehicles since 2001. Additionally, as one of priorities in the
The China International Marine Containers (Group) Ltd. (CIMC) Chinese national 5‐year plans, it is a strategy to catch up in auto
is one of the first container manufacturers and sino‐foreign joint industries. This paper reviews the latest policy issued in
ventures in China. The CIMC has achieved the saltant transition November 2007 and analyzes its impact on the EV development in
from a market follower to the industry leader through the China based on the comparison with policies on new energy
continuous innovation. CIMCʹs success could be attributed to its vehicle in advanced countries. WXEV is taken as case to explore
matching the STI‐mode (Science, Technology and Innovation) the growth of new energy vehicles in China. In addition, the
learning and the DUI‐mode (Doing, Using and Interacting) battery electric bus in HZ is analyzed to describe the
learning dynamically with its development phases. This paper use commercialization of new energy vehicles in China.
a detailed case study to describe how the CIMC matches the STI Recommendations to promote the commercialization of new
and DUI mode of learning dynamically with its development energy vehicles are given at the end of paper.
phases to realize continuous innovation. Experiences behind
CIMC are important for many other manufacturing firms in
developing countries. The Cultural Path‐dependence in the Process of Chinese
Entrepreneursʹ Growing
Yingjing Wang1, Hanhui Hu1
Innovation Factory and Innovation Atelier. Business Design for

ʹRoutinized Innovationʹ
Ursula Deplazes1, Wolfgang Deplazes1, Roman Boutellier1 This paper mainly studies the cultural path‐dependence in the
1ETH Zurich, Switzerland process of Chinese entrepreneursʹ growing, and there are four
levels of cultural factor, which have the path‐dependence effect on
The importance of ʹroutinized innovationʹ as a major driver of the Chinese entrepreneursʹ growing, namely national cultural path
economic growth, the need for ʹambidextrous organizationsʹ in an dependence, regional cultural path dependence, familial cultural
uncertain and disruptive business environment, and the path dependence and individual cultural path dependence. The
importance of contingency for organizations have been widely result indicates that facing the international market competition
discussed in management literature. From a business design China needs more and more entrepreneurs, and the negative
perspective, practitioners are facing a three‐fold challenge to impact of the cultural path dependence on the Chinese
design Innovation structures which meet the requirements of entrepreneursʹ growing should be removed, and the cultural
ʹdesigning for routinized Innovationʹ, ʹdesigning for innovation should be carried on to create a new environment for
ambidexterityʹ, and ʹdesigning for contingencyʹ. The authors aim Chinese entrepreneursʹ growing.
at addressing this challenge by introducing the complementary
concepts of ʹInnovation Factoryʹ and ʹInnovation Atelierʹ. The
argument is discussed conceptually and supported by a case
study.

45
technological development. Building up a critical mass takes time and
Session Innovation Networks & Clusters it seems therefore unlikely that underdeveloped regions will be able to
Date 9/23/2008 find short‐cuts to enhance their economic and technological status.
Time 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room Room A
Chairs Harm‐Jan Steenhuis, Manathattai S. Innovation Competence Building of Chinaʹs High‐tech Smes
Annapoornima Based on Tim: Two Case Studies
Jin Chen1, Xiangzhen Yu1, Qingrui Xu1, Xiaozhou Fu1
The Empirical Relationship Analysis Between Social Captital
and Innovation of Industry Cluster This paper discussed Chinese SMEsʹ innovation competence based on
Ying Dong , Jun Jin , Rui Yang , Shuli Wu
1 1 2 3
total innovation management (TIM). We chose 2 high‐ tech SMEs as
initial evidence to demonstrate our TIM model. It is believed that
2University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China
innovation is a process so that SMEs should improve their innovation
3Zhejiang Materials Industry International Co. Ltd, China
competence in follow six dimensions to obtain excellent performance: 1)
strategic innovation, 2) technologic innovation; 3) marketing
Innovation is an actuating force of industrial clusters. Here the effects innovation; 4) cultural innovation; 5) organizational innovation and 6)
of social capital on the innovation activities were explored based on the mechanism innovation. We also put forward some suggestions to SMEs
analysis of electronic information industrial cluster in Suzhou city, in every dimension.
China. Using a set of index, innovation activities of cluster was
explored and evaluated. Based on two‐stage decision‐making model
and structure of social capital, relationship between social capital and
An Empirical Study on Industrial Upgrading and Sourcing of
innovation was analyzed. The results show that the main dimensions of
social capital: structural, relational and cognitive dimensions have New Technologies: Firm‐level Evidences in Indonesia, Thailand
significant statistically and positive influence on the innovation of and Viet Nam
cluster, especially trust network and research network exert the Tomohiro Machikita1, Masatsugu Tsuji2, Yasushi Ueki3
1Japan External Trade Organization, Japan
strongest impact on the industrial innovation, and both are the core
mechanism for the evolution and upgrade‐function of industrial cluster.
3Japan External Trade Organization, Thailand
The strategy was suggested to strengthen trust network and research
network to enhance innovation ability electronic information industrial
cluster in Suzhou city. This paper analyzes bottlenecks that have discouraged firms from
being innovative and their magnitudes. We estimate a number of
statistical models of the effects of firm‐level perceptions of business
environments on decision‐making on innovation, namely introduction
R&D Cooperation Linkages in Taiwan Innovation System
of new goods, adoption of a new production method, and acquisition
Mu‐Yen Hsu1, L. K. Chen2, H. C. Chuang1, B. C. Shia3, Y. T. Cheng1, S. H.
of a new source of supply. While local business conditions affect
Wu1
1National Chengchi University, Taiwan
innovation activities, there is non‐negligible heterogeneity as well. For
2National Science Council of Taiwan, Taiwan
these analyses, we develop ʺD‐score,ʺ which is a difference between
3Fu‐Jen Catholic University, Taiwan degrees of importance and satisfaction. This indica‐tor of policy
demands from firms introduced in the models as independent
variables allows deriving practical policy recommendations. We used a
R&D Cooperations among industry, university and research institutes sample constructed by mail surveys to firms in Indonesia, Thailand and
are central parts of National Innovation System. By analyzing the Viet Nam in October 2007
newly collected data (2004‐2006) from community innovation survey in

Taiwan, we explore the determinants for innovative firm to engage in
R&D cooperation with five types of partners: competitors, suppliers,
customers, universities and research institutes, and identify the The Main and Contingent Effects of the Systems Integrator and
correlations (or complementarities) between these five types of R&D Component Supplier Roles
cooperation. We find that there is no single determinant has significant Margaret Dalziel1, S.C. Zhang2
impacts on all cooperation types. We also find that only big firms with
2Nortel Networks, Canada
modest R&D intensity will vertically cooperate in R&D. The NIS of
Taiwan consists of two cores with weakly connections. The first core is
R&D cooperations with universities and institutions; the second core is Modularity theory has identified two archetypal sector roles for firms:
the R&D cooperations within industry (competitors, suppliers, systems integrator and component supplier. We consider the main and
customers). This may indicate the vitality of industrial network in contingent effects of a firmʹs sector role on its prospects. Main effects
Taiwan Innovation System. correspond to industry membership while contingent effects
correspond to the industryʹs position in the architecture of the sector.
An industryʹs position in the architecture of the sector determines its
New Technology Commercialization and Access to Capital ‐ proximity to external events that may impact the performance of firms.
Our analysis shows that amongst communications equipment firms in
Polish Perspectives and the Overview of Research
Ottawa, Canada, the founding and financing of system integrators is
Dariusz Trzmielak1
1University of Lodz, Poland
more strongly associated with dramatic changes in sector GDP than the
founding and financing of component suppliers. We interpret our
findings as evidence that modularity theory provides important
The paper provides a general overview of the Polish environment for a insights into the way in which firms self‐organize to create the
new venture. Some of the specific questions answered in this paper architecture of the economy.
include: What are the specific factors of the Polish technology

environment? How do technology firms emerge from the R&D
institutes and universities? The final section of the paper presents an
analysis of the pilot research data concerning businesses, scientists and Clustersʹ Risk of Developing Countries: from the View of
organizations focused on the development of ideas as well as Global Value Chain
businessesʹ preferences as to the sources of financial capital. It is Ying Zhou1
demonstrated that some of the new technology policies should take
into consideration the type of high‐tech market players.
Industry cluster is an important carrier of district development.
Researchers have emphasized the risk with cluster itself, and seldom
involved the global value chain that the cluster inserting. This paper
tries to take global value chain into account and thinks that 3 factors:
Innovation and Technology Based Economic Development: Are
non‐equilibrium of value‐added chain, governance of GVC and
There Short‐cuts? international trading circumstance will affect the formation of
Harm‐Jan Steenhuis1, Erik de Bruijn2 clusters’ risk in developing countries with the Zhejiang textile cluster as
1Eastern Washington University, United States
case study.

Many regions in the world, in both developed and developing
countries are striving for advanced technological and economic
development. In this paper, based on a study of university related
start‐up companies some of the main barriers for growth are described.
The findings are then discussed in a wider context of economic growth
and whether it is possible to advance at an accelerated pace. It is
concluded that many of the current developed countries started their
economic growth patterns centuries ago which enabled them to
develop critical mass in several important areas for economic and

46
A Template‐based Concept Generation Tool for Mobile Service
Session Service Science & Innovation Development
Date 9/23/2008 Changkyu Cho1, Sangwoo Bahn2, Joobong Song2, Cheol Lee1, Myung Hwan
Time 11:00 ‐ 12:30 Yun2
1Circle One Consulting and Partners, South Korea
Room Room B 2Seoul National University, South Korea
Chairs Myung Hwan Yun, Kay‐Chuan Tan

In order to provide a useful and usable mobile service that offers
Customer Value, Regional Resources, and ICT Adaptation: An high value to customers to overcome the usability and
Integrated View and Case Studies in In‐depth Tourism performance constraints, this study suggests an user‐centered
Ze‐Hui Chen1, Yiche G. Chen1, J. M. Hsu1
1Yuan Ze University, Taiwan design framework for development of new mobile internet service.
The proposed framework covers user characteristics, context of
In‐depth tourism is by no means an emergent pattern of modern use, and user interface components of device and network. In a
traveling. From many known practices, the so called attractive case study, integrated conceptual design process from
in‐depth tourism services would usually be featured and identification of opportunity to concept evaluation incorporating
embedded in integration of some unique regional resources, scenario based ideation, and CPV‐based concept evaluation are
personal experiencing facilities and pre‐composed storied proposed and validated. It is expected that the proposed
thematic knowledge. Furthermore, most services in in‐depth framework can be useful in systemizing the service development
tourism are fulfilling their multiform customer demands via IT process by identifying new service opportunities early at the front
and viable marketing activities. This paper explores a conceptual end of the process.
framework for examining in‐depth tourism. The framework
combines three facets: customer value, regional resources, and ICT Perspective Service Innovation to Self‐Service Technologies
adaptation. Four cases are examined: Kyoto culture tourism, Attitude Impact Factors
James K.C. Chen1, Sin‐Yi Lin1, C.Y. Chen1, C. F. Wang1
Montana cultural tourism, Amsterdam sport tourism, and Kruger 1Asia University, Taiwan
National Park eco‐tourism. Finally we conclude that, in in‐depth

tourism, to integrate players is more important than business
Service innovation has a positive impact on the performance of
alone, and to cooperate with new resource providers and content
new services. Considering service costs, service efficiency,
industry such as culture industry and media industry on creation
decrease of the heterogeneity and perish ability of service, many
to increase appealing to tourists will become a vital objective.
enterprises adopted Self‐Service Technologies (SSTs) into their

service process. This paper explored service innovation to SSTs
A Bibliographic Analysis of the Literature on New Service
attitude impact factor that is based on service innovation model by
Development
Hertog & Bilderbeek (1999). This study combines relative service
Qi Zhou1, Kay Chuan Tan1
1National University of Singapore, Singapore innovation theories, and creating a research model, and analyze
the causal path of SSTs attitude.
New Service Development (NSD) has drawn researchersʹ attention This paper utilizes LISREL software analyze the relations between
for more than two decades, although it has been insufficiently latent variables and to examine the fitness of research model. This
researched. Using a quantitative analysis, this study tracks the study purpose is to find impact factors of service innovation to
development of NSD research from 1997 to 2006. It answers the SSTs that use multi media kiosk (MMK) for case study. The result
questions: What are the main research themes? Which specific display Technology Readiness Index (TRI) and Technology
sectors draw more attention? What are the major orientations in Anxiety (TA) are affected by service innovation that is positive
NSD research? And which journals publish a number of research highly correlation.
papers in NSD research? The findings show that success factors,
performance evaluation, and model development are the main Linking Incubator Services to the Performance of Incubated
themes in NSD research. Financial services, e‐Service, and Firms: A Review
Hongwei Wang1, Dechang Lin2, Hong Yin2, Qiang Lu2, Haiqing Cheng3
telecommunication services draw the main attention. Case study 1Zhejiang University, China
method and survey method are the two major methods used in 2Harbin Institute of Technology, China
NSD research. The International Journal of Service Industry 3CVISC Strategic Consulting Group, China
Management has the most publications whereas the European

Journal of Marketing receives a relatively higher average citation The effectiveness of services provided by a business incubator is
rate. the basis and premise for promoting the incubator itself and for
incubating and developing new ventures inside. Services in
Generating New Service Concepts Based on Ontology different forms, contents and levels may influence the
Integration performance of incubated firms such as surviving rate and growth
Youngjung Geum1, Yongyoon Suh1, Yongtae Park1, Hyungsik Oh1 rate. We first classify incubator services into several types
including infrastructure, educating, business assistance and
networking services based on business practices and a careful
Despite the fact that the service concept generation is considered literature review. Then some propositions were developed to link
as a key factor for success of new service development, relatively these services to the performance of incubated firms. Finally we
little attention has been paid to how to generate new service construct a business model to illustrate the co‐evolution process
concepts. In response, this paper proposes a novel approach to between incubator and incubatees, and how new services are
generation of new service concepts based on ontology integration. generated and adopted in the process. We also consider the timing
Since ontology aims to capture the specification of concepts in a effect ‐ the difference between incubating and nurturing phases.
specific domain, knowledge set of a domain composed of concept By employing a suitable operating model, an incubator is seen not
network with various descriptions and relationships can be only an enabler, but also an accelerator.
derived. In addition, creative combination of concepts and
relationships between different domains can be generated by Predicting Travel Intention to take HSR among College
integrating ontologies, which makes new service concepts to be Students
generated. Thus, proposed approach suggests how to generate the Chun‐Hua Hsiao1, Chyan Yang2
new service concepts using ontology integration with three steps ‐ 1Vanung University, Taiwan
construction of service concept ontology, integration of ontologies, 2National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
and generation of new service concepts. The proposed approach is
expected to help service managers to understand the structure of To understand travelersʹ willingness to take High Speed Railroad
currently provided services and identify candidate service (HSR) and its antecedents, this study added two constructs‐
concepts to be generated, thus generate the new service concepts. novelty seeking and trust‐ to the model of theory of planned
behavior (TPB). Research data was collected in a survey of 300
college students from a university in northern Taiwan. Results
indicated that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and
subjective norm were found to have positive effects on behavioral
intention of taking HSR. Furthermore, novelty seeking and trust
also have positive influences on these antecedents of taking HSR
intention. Theoretical and marketing implications were derived.

47
How to provide Quality of Service guarantees on the Internet?
Session Service Science & Innovation The lessons from the airline and card‐based payment sectors
Date 9/23/2008 Zouhaier Mʹchirgui1, Thierry Penard2
1Champagne School of Management, France
Time 13:30 ‐ 15:00 2University of Rennes 1, France
Room Room B
Chairs Ville Ojanen, Ms. Virginia Cha
The increasing demand for real‐time applications (video

conferencing, Internet telephony ‐VoIP‐ etc.) delivered over
Meta‐Analysis of the Relationship between Product Innovation
networks requires stringent Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees.
and Business Performance
Yonggui Wang1, Shanji Yao1, Zhu Sun1, He Jia1 Interdomain routing based on a Best‐effort basis can hardly
1Nanjing University, China support end‐to‐end QoS. This paper argues that Internet services
providers could form strategic alliances to coordinate their
Nowadays, conflicting research findings have been concluded on investments and provide innovative services with QoS guarantees.
the relationship between product innovation and business We draw some lessons from the alliances in the airline and
performance. To deep the understanding of the relationship card‐based payment sectors and conclude that in the Internet
between the two variables and resolve such inconsistent findings sector the optimal organizational form should be a centralized
mentioned above, this paper uses meta‐analysis which has alliance with an hub‐and‐spoke network structure.
received more and more attention in the field of management
research to further analyze related studies quantitatively and
comprehensively. In the process of meta‐analysis, this paper Design and Analysis of Anti Spamming SMS to Prevent
synthesizes samples as many as possible, and conducts a Criminal Deception and Billing Froud: Case TELKOM FLEXI
systematic review and deep analysis of extant literatures on Muhamad Asvial1, Djamhari Sirat1, Benny Susatyo2
1University of Indonesia, Indonesia
product innovation and its influence on business performance. 2Telkom Flexi, Indonesia
Specially, the current research not only includes homogeneity test

on extant studies, but also contains meta‐analysis on the
For cellular and fixed wireless users, SMS service has been the
relationship between product innovation and business
main needs after Voice. The fast growth of SMS users especially in
performance. Besides, this paper uses funnel plot and Egger test to
Telkom Flexi, in one side has created one problem for operator,
analyze publication bias. Based on the results from meta‐analysis,
that is the increasing number of criminal deception via SMS.
a positive and significant relationship between product innovation
Besides using the limited number of operator signalling canals, the
and business performance is found, which is followed by
criminal deception using the post‐paid number will effect directly
managerial implications, limitations, and future research
to billing fraud. This is a problem at SMSC, as SMS Center to
directions.
provide the features with additional security system such as anti

spamming that performs parsing, checking, and blocking on the

said SMS spamming. The objective, application design,
The Typology of Service Innovation‐‐‐Evidence from Chinese
application making, analysis and evaluation on the anti spamming
KIBS Sector
effect will be described in detail in this paper. It is hoped that this
Lin Wang1, Xinmin Peng1, Yan Tao2, Shengrong Hu2
1Zhejiang Wanli University, China anti spamming implementation can decrease the numbers of the
2Zhejiang University, China SMS criminal deception and SMS billing fraud in Telkom Flexi.

This paper challenges the classification approaches of service
innovation which appear since the beginning of service innovation The Collective Effects of Product and Service Quality on
studies. The analysis aims to clarify the typology of service Customer Satisfaction ‐ An Empirical Study on iPod and iTunes
innovation, which helps to build the foundation of further Mei Cheng Chan1, Yi Ding1, Kah Hin Chai1
research on service innovation. The approach in this paper is both
theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part we examine the
different theories and models developed for the analysis of the The relationships between quality, customer satisfaction and
service innovation typology. The empirical part describes results loyalty have been widely investigated for more than two decades.
from a multiple case study carried out in the Chinese KIBS sector. However, most of these studies focus on a pure product or a pure
Through theoretical and empirical analysis, concept innovation service setting. This study hopes to fill the gap by investigating
and delivery innovation are regarded as the basic taxonomy of the effects of product and service quality on customer satisfaction
service innovation. and loyalty based on a holistic view. Results from an empirical
study on iPod and iTunes show that service quality will greatly
influence the impact of product quality on customer satisfaction
Exploring the Relationship between Innovativeness and the and software, either as a core product or complementary
Stages of Knowledge Management in Technology and component.
Engineering Consultancies in Singapore
Ivan Tan1, Yan Xin1, Ville Ojanen2, Kah Hin Chai3
1NUS, Singapore Comparison of Cross‐Tour Traveling Service Satisfaction: A
2Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland Correspondence‐Cluster Graphical Representation of Doubled
3National University of Singapore, Singapore Data Matrix
Shun‐Yao Tseng1, Chyan Yang2
1College of Hsing Wu, Taiwan
This paper aims to examine the impact of the various stages of
2National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
managing knowledge ‐ knowledge acquisition, dissemination and
utilization ‐ on the innovativeness of Technology and Engineering
Consultancies (TEC) in Singapore, by drawing on results from The correspondence analysis and correspondence cluster analysis
questionnaires mailed to 446 TEC firms. are useful and can be more clear and practical in the field of travel
According to the findings, knowledge acquisition and knowledge satisfaction research for case of categorical criteria values. We
utilization have a positive impact on the innovativeness of TEC demonstrate this claim by performing three tasks: (1) to transform
firms and this impact is stronger for firms operating in more the Likert scaling data matrix to binary data matrix, then double
volatile environments. TEC firms are typically relying on having a the binary data matrix, (2) the complementary use of
large portfolio of existing plans that can be reused rather than correspondence analysis and (3) correspondence cluster analysis
innovating. However, the clients of TEC firms are usually lead will be performed on the doubled binary data matrix. A
users in the industry, which may lead to the need for further simultaneous graphical representation of the relationship between
development of inadequate current practices in order to remain multi‐tour and service quality can be obtained. This diagram, the
innovative in the long run. correspondence cluster dendrogram, is helpful to the decision
maker in understanding the competitive advantage of different
tours and in improving their travel service quality.

48
Knowledge Management across Permeable Silos: A Case at
Session Knowledge Management Wipro Technologies
Date 9/23/2008 Ganapathy Nathan1, Pavan Soni1
1Wipro Technologies, India
Time 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room Room B
Chairs Marko Seppänen, Shurong Tong The case shares the turn‐around story in leveraging Knowledge
Management (KM) to its strategic advantage, at Enterprise Application
Services (EAS), a major business unit (BU) in Wipro Technologies.
Use of Moodle Reports for Knowledge Management, Planning Talking of the erst knowledge management and the associated
and eTraining in SMEs challenges around it in terms of IT and non‐IT, the case depicts the
Kuldeep Nagi1 approach took in enrolling the employees to the KM systems and
practices. The turnaround was the result of a project that ran for 6
months, and the comparisons are drawn based on observation for a
Moodle is a license free open‐source software platform. All those period of 18 months. Shared are the metrics and the practices adopted
involved in the business of eTraining also call it as a Learning for infusing permeability across organizational silos using IT and
Management System (LMS), or Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)). change management. Most of these tools, practices and tips would
Moodle logs all activities for all training objects (TO) hosted in the work well beyond the IT industry as well.
system. In its menu it contains a unique tool called ʺReportsʺ which
may provides vital statistics to help business consultants, trainers and
content experts to improve the quality of eTraining programs for SMEs. A Model of Enterprise Knowledge Integration Capability
As an example this paper analyzes the use of Moodle ʺReportsʺ Xiaodi Zhang1, Songzheng Zhao1, Shurong Tong1, Heng Xu1
containing data of ʺviewsʺ and ʺpostsʺ for four SME training courses 1Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
offered as a part of SME Certificate program. Data obtained from the

ʺReportsʺ can also be integrated with a Customer Relationship
In this paper a model is presented to explore the relationship between
Management (CRM) application.
organizational culture, social capital, absorptive capacity and
knowledge integration capability. Through theory analysis, the
research framework was built and structural equation model was
ICT Enablement of Knowledge Sharing: Modeling the Enablers constructed. Then an empirical research was carried out based on a
R. Kant1, M. D. Singh1 sample of 309 Chinese enterprises. Research results proved that
1Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, India
organizational culture and absorptive capacity have positive direct
effects on enterprise knowledge integration capability. Meanwhile,
The process of knowledge sharing is significantly being enhanced organizational culture has a positive effect on social capital, and social
through the integrated approach of information and communication capital has a positive significant effect on absorptive capacity. The
technology (ICT). The variables which assist in the ICT enablement of result also indicated that social capital does not directly promote
knowledge sharing are known as enablers. The aim of this paper is to enterprise knowledge integration capability, which has not been paid
understand mutual influence of enablers and to identify driving adequate attention to by many researchers and enterprises so far.
enablers (enablers that support other enablers) and dependent enablers
(enablers that are most influenced by others enablers). Using
interpretive structural modeling (ISM), the research presents a A Competency based Tool for Measuring End‐User Information
hierarchy‐based model and the mutual relationships among the
Capability
enablers in the ICT enablement of knowledge sharing. It has been
Chui Young Yoon1, Keon Myung Lee1
observed that enablers ʹtop management commitment and supportʹ and 1Chungbuk National University, South Korea
ʹuser acceptance and expectations from KM initiativesʹ have high
driving power and low dependency. Hence, these are two key enablers
for ICT enablement of knowledge sharing. At the same time, role of The measures for an end‐user information competency are extracted
other enablers can’t be ignored. from the components of a competency. A competency based tool that
can measure an end‐user information competency was presented with

the measures. The validity and application of the developed tool is
confirmed by two analyses and its applications to a case study.
A Model of Knowledge Diffusion in Organizational Knowledge
Innovation
Xiaoqing Geng , Cui Sun , Baoqin Yu , Runqing Mao
1 1 1 1
1Tianjin University of Finance & Economics, China
Representations of Resource Concepts in Academic Research
Marko Seppanen1, Veikka Pirhonen1, Saku Makinen1
1Tampere University of Technology, Finland
The process of organizational knowledge innovation is that knowledge

dissemination and knowledge growth in organizational learning.
Hierarchical structures of concepts are vital for theory development.
Knowledge growth is based on effective knowledge dissemination.
However, although resources are at the heart of competitive advantage
Through analysis and necessary assumptions, this paper gives a
and performance of an entrepreneurial firm, the hierarchical
mathematical model and discusses the process of knowledge diffusion
conceptualisations of resources are scant in academic research. We used
from individual and informal group to formal group in organizational
an existing resource categorisation framework and populated a list of
knowledge innovation. Then it draws a conclusion that there is a peak
resources explicitly mentioned in extant literature. The study was
period for diffusing knowledge, and the peak period is affected by the
based on an extensive search on ScienceDirectʹs digital library resulting
factors such as the rate of knowledge dissemination and forgetting, and
in the final data set of 59 articles which explicitly considered resources
provides a basis which a manager can give promotion at the opportune
as concepts. The findings show the current state of affairs in this field
moment in order to make the effective diffusing knowledge become
and illustrate conceptual farrago with an emerging category of
true.
technical resources. Furthermore, the study considers several issues for
further research in order to aid in future theory development.

The Relationship between Knowledge Creation, Capacity of
Knowledge Management and Organizational Performance: An Examining the Effect of Strategic Alignment on Business
Empirical Study for High‐tech Company Performance: Knowledge Management, Information Technology,
Tao Yao1
and Human Resource Management Strategies
Yue‐Yang Chen1, Hui‐Ling Huang2
1University of I‐Shou, Taiwan
How knowledge management promotes organizational performance 2University of Shu‐Te, Taiwan
currently is worth to be deeply researched. At the knowledge

management angle of view, this study did academic and empirical
Recently, evidences indicate that knowledge management (KM)
researches on the relationship between knowledge creation, capacity of
strategy and human resource management (HRM) strategy are
management and organizational performance with the sample of 400
interdependent and must be integrated with information technology
high‐tech companies by the method of SEM. It concluded that
(IT) as a whole to improve the business performance. Empirical data for
knowledge creation can improve the creative capacity for companies
hypotheses testing are collected from top‐ranked companies in Taiwan;
evidently, but have no significant effect on foundation facility capacity.
yielding 161 valid samples. Performance implications of strategic
Moreover, creation capacity rather than process and foundation facility
alignment are examined using matching approaches. The generated
capacity contributes a lot to organizational performance.
findings show that the reductionistic perspective of fit as matching
demonstrates a significant impact on business performance.

49
Absorptive Capacity and Its Performance Assessment of
Session R & D Management Non‐profit Governmental Organizations ‐ A Case of Taiwanese
Date 9/23/2008 Pork Industry
Time 11:00 ‐ 12:30 Sheng‐shyr Cheng1
Room Room C
Chairs Stephan Buse, Julius Golovatchev
Outside sources of knowledge are critical to a firmʹs innovation
Innovation Radar ‐ A Strategic Approach for an Innovation process. Firms can use their absorptive capacity to recognize the
Development and Profitable Launch of New Product and value of new external technology, assimilate it, and apply it to
Services commercial ends. This paper proposed two types of measures to
Julius Golovatchev1, Daniel Kellmereit2, Oliver Budde3 capture the essential features of absorptive capacity. The first one
1Detecon International GmbH, Germany is the cumulative heads and amounts invested in acquiring
2Detecon Inc., United States external knowledge capturing the concept of knowledge diversity.
The second one is the moving average of economic characteristics
capturing the notion of preexisting knowledge. Results of
The proposed paper summarizes three years of experiences in regression analysis give supports to the two measures in
process design and methodology implementation for innovation explaining the enhancement of technology performance.
development as carried out by the authors during several
innovation projects in different industries (e.g. fixed and mobile
telecommunication, high tech, logistics). We have developed and R&D Inputs, Firm size and Innovation Performance: Evidence
adopted a research innovation approach called Innovation Radar from Chinese High‐tech industry
to scan, recognize and evaluate early emerging business and Ning Cai1, Mengzhou Xu1
technology trends that support the identification and creation of
innovative product and services. The Innovation Radar provides
an overview of the relative maturity of innovations in certain This paper investigates the influence of R&D inputs on the
domains and weights their relevance for the company. A rating innovation efficiency of Chinese high‐tech industry from two
mechanism helps companies to decide when to adopt an aspects, including product‐related innovation and
innovation and to develop a new products and services. knowledge‐related innovation. We also test whether or not the
Furthermore, the Innovation Radar is a good strategic tool for Schumpeterian hypothesis can be applied to the innovation
early stage identification and prioritization in order to give an performance of Chinese high‐tech industry when considering the
approximate value judgment without detailed return on interactive effects among firm size, ownership and profitability.
investment justifications. In later stages of the planning process, Using a panel data of 12 industries during the period of 1996‐2005,
the Innovation Radar tool can be used as a high‐level summary of R&D expenditure is found to have a positive and significant
an underlying prioritization process. impact on innovation performance. Besides, R&D labor makes
significant contributions to product‐related innovation but does
not determine the efficiency of knowledge‐related innovation.
Global Innovation: An Answer to Mitigate Barriers to We find firm size per se has negative impact on efficiency of
Innovation in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises? product‐related R&D, but its complementarities with profitability
Stephan Buse1, Rajnish Tiwari1, Cornelius Herstatt1 and ownership lead to positive impact on efficiency in
1Hamburg University of Technology, Germany
product‐related R&D. The economies of scale deriving from firm
size are observed in knowledge‐related innovation.
Innovations have acquired a key‐role in the growth and
competition strategies of firms today. They are regarded as an
essential tool to stimulate growth and enable firms to master the Correlation between R&D Investment and Sales Growth of a
competition brought about by the forces of globalization. However, Company with 90 Years in R&D Operation
especially many small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in Hiroyuki Tomita1, Yuichi Ikeda2, Haruo Takeda1
1Hitachi, Ltd., Japan
western countries are facing unbridgeable barriers to innovation.
2Hitachi Research Institute, Japan
To what extent the concept of global innovation and more
specifically the internationalization of research and development
(R&D) might be an answer to deal with these problems, is In the accounting standard of Japan and US, the whole R&D
discussed in this paper. Based on empirical studies conducted by (research and development) expenditures are treated as being
the authors in Germany, this paper presents results from expensed in the period when they are incurred, not assuming the
research‐in‐progress and proposes a reference model for chances existence of the relation between R&D expenditures and the
and challenges of global innovation activities. subsequent benefits. We provide an example hinting the existence
of some relation appearing on the financial data. We first extracted
using public financial data the short and the long correlation
The Analysis of Relationship Between R&D Outsourcing and between the R&D investment and the sales growth of a public
Firm Innovative Performance From the Perspective of Open company. We next introduce the result of the trial to explain the
Innovation correlation using the external and the internal R&D reports as well
Wu Bei1, Jin Chen2, Zengyuan WU3 as the internal accounting data. We conclude that some correlation
1Zhejiang Gongshang University, China is observed with some basis.

3China Jiliang University, China

R&D outsourcing has become a new trend and gains more and
more concern in recent years. This paper empirically examines the
relationship between R&D outsourcing intensity and firm
performance. Based on the literature review of outsourcing and
outsourcing intensity measurement, we put forward the
determinants of R&D outsourcing intensity, which is composed of
R&D outsourcing depth and R&D outsourcing breadth. Using a
large‐scale sample of industrial firms, this paper empirically links
R&D outsourcing intensity to innovative performance, finding
that the innovative R&D outsourcing intensity is curvilinearly
(taking on inverted U‐shape) related to performance while
efficient R&D outsourcing intensity is linearly related to
performance.

50
from economic and political perspective, we investigate the green
Session Supply Chain Management supply chain strategy adoption from an institutional perspective
Date 9/23/2008 because supply chain management involves cooperation and
Time 13:30 ‐ 15:00 interactions among multiple stakeholders, and the decision to
Room Room C adopt this strategy may have more to do with the institutional
Chairs Roger Jiao, Ng Szu Hui environment in which a firm is situated. In this study, we identify
key institutional determinants of green supply chain strategy
An Integrated Framework for Research and Education Supply adoption. A structured survey was designed to investigate critical
Chain for the Universities driving forces of adoption of green supply chain strategy.
Mamun Habib1, Chamnong Jungthirapanich1

Game Study into Regional Logistics System Programming By
The exploratory study addresses the education supply chain, the Using Fuzzy C‐means Clustering
research supply chain as major constituents in integrated Mingbao Pang1, Ling Xie1, Xin‐ping Zhao1
educational supply chain management for the universities. As
different parties are involved in the universities, this paper depicts
the single‐level, multi‐tier, bi‐directional supply chain for The bi‐level programming of regional logistics system was studied
producing graduates with desirable quality and significant by using fuzzy c‐means clustering. Game relation among the
research outcomes for the end customer, i.e. the society. This government, the owners of the logistics centers, and the clients
framework provides two main contributions to the society, was discussed by system analysis method. The synthetic
including human resource contribution and research contribution. evaluation indices of 17 characteristic vectors were established for
The proposed conceptual framework for the universities provides clients to select the logistics centers and exchanging amount. The
a novel approach for decision makers of each supply chain problem for clients to select the logistics centers and exchanging
components to review and appraise their performance toward amount is equal to that of determining the membership values to
fulfillment of ultimate goals, i.e. producing high‐caliber graduates the given logistics centers or the clustering centers by using the
and high‐impact research outcomes for the betterment of the though of fuzzy c‐means clustering. The clustering centers are
society. some of the feasible sites that possess candidacy of the logistics
centers.The Stackelberg model was established. The upper level
model is the problem for the logistics centers owner to seek
Understanding Collaboration and Supply Chain Process: A maximal profits or minimal cost. The lower level model is the
Critical Review partition problem of clientsʹ assignment. Genetic algorithm was
Mohamed Ismail Hj Pakir1, Alina Shamsuddin1 adopted in the concrete course for solution. The simulation result
1University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
shows its correctness.

Previous research in supply chain management and collaboration
emphasized on examining the attributes that make collaboration Coordinative Development of Regional Logistics System by
process successful. Others attempted to measure the Using Multi‐attribute Utility Function Theory
collaboration process and the performance gained from such Mingbao Pang1, Xin‐ping Zhao1
ventures. This paper managed to identify critical issues, regarding
collaboration, in supply chain management. By reviewing
previous researched and papers published regarding the said The problem of the coordinative development in regional logistics
subject it is discovered that most of the research discussed about system was studied by multi‐attribute utility function theory.
conventional collaboration and there is lack of research on Through system analysis and goal resolvability, the synthetic
non‐liner supply chain process. The author intention to relate the evaluation indices of supply and demand level were established
collaboration issues within Malaysia context revealed lack of respectively. The concept of coordinative development level about
existence of reported research on the supply chain collaboration supply‐demand system was proposed from the angle of regional
among Malaysian manufactures. Therefore this paper attempts to sustainable development. In order to solve the correlativity and
identify issues related to non‐linear supply chain process and the other problems in the multi‐attribute utility, the new
collaboration activities and relate the issues into Malaysian synthetic indices were extracted by principal component analysis.
context. The new synthetic variables were used as the supply and demand
level variables respectively. The models of coordinative
development were established. The synthetic judgement and
An Empirical Investigation of the Determinants of Adoption of embedded analysis can be discussed. The concrete application
Green Procurement for Successful Green Supply Chain result shows its correctness.
Management
Mohammad Asif Salam1
A Decision Framework for Location‐Allocation Problems: A
Case Study in Tea Industry
This study investigates the green procurement adopted by Thai Reza Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam1, Ali Siadat2, Amin Kaboli3
1University of Tehran, Iran
electronic companies. The relationship between green
2ENSAM‐LGIPM, France
procurement adoption and product performance, purchase price,
3Iran University of Science & Technology, Iran
the organizationʹs environmental concerns, trading partners, and
health and safety issues, is studied. Companies in the electronic
industry and holding ISO 14001 certification in Thailand before This paper propose the use of the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy
December 2004 were sampled for the empirical study. The data process (FAHP) and Goal Programming (GP) as an aid in making
were then analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences, location‐allocation decision and suggest a systematic method for
to verify the hypothetical construction of the study. The results the site selection and product allocation problem. The method can
indicate that the Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) and be seen as a decision support framework, which links various
Original Designing and Manufacturing (ODM) companies in objectives, subjective and critical factors in the location‐allocation
Thailandʹs electronic industry have adopted green procurement problem to make an optimal decision in which fits best for both
practices in response to the current wave of global environmental operations managers and investors. Important advantages of
concern. applying the framework are (1) the ability to decompose the
complex problem in smaller problems, (2) the possibility of an
efficient and effective contribution of operations managers and
The Adoption of Green Supply Chain Strategy: An Institutional investors in decision making process, (3) the detail assessment of
Perspective the selected location alternative. A demonstration of the
Shun Cai1, Robert de Souza1, Mark Goh1, Wenkai Li1, Qing Lu1, Balan application of this methodology in tea industry in Iran is
Sundarakani1 presented.

Green supply chain has emerged as an important organizational
strategy in modern business environment. While most of the
current literature look at the green supply chain strategy adoption

51
can be applied to improve the group decision‐making to solve the
Session Supply Chain Management MCDM problem.
Date 9/23/2008
Time 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room Room C Short Term Replenishment Method for Short Lifecycle Goods
Chairs Tritos Laosirihongthong, Roger Jiao Hiroyuki Goto1, Masaki Tanaka1, Munenori Kasahara1
1Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan

Resolving Multi Plant Supply Chain Problem: A Novel Swarm This paper proposes a replenishment method suitable for short
Intelligence Based Approach lifecycle products whose demand is strongly dependent on day of
Felix T. S. Chan1, Vikas Kumar2, Nishikant Mishra3 the week. Regarding industries for application, we focus on
1University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong retailers such as $1 stores or convenience stores, most of them
2University of Exeter, United Kingdom have small spaces for displaying whereas the number of items is
3University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
significantly large. The proposed method is advantageous since it
can also be applicable for newly introduced products.
The changing business scenarios and escalating complexity in
manufacturing industries have shifted the inclination of the
researchers towards issues that have great impact on overall A Fuzzy Multi Objective Decision Making Approach for
performance of the plants. The present research considers a Locating Undesirable Facilities And Hazardous Materials
multi‐plant supply chain scenario and attempts to resolve the Seyed Smaeil Mousavi1, Mojtaba Heydar1, Seyed Mohammad Hossein
production planning and scheduling problem. The paper proposes Mojtahedi1, Seyed Meysam Mousavi1
a new Cooperative Multiple Particle Swarm Optimization
(CMPSO) algorithms to reduce the overall tardiness. The efficacy
of the algorithm has been shown by comparing it with other This paper is to apply a new fuzzy multi objective approach for
Evolutionary Algorithms. locating undesirable location. This paper considers a location
problem for collecting hazardous materials with two fuzzy
parameters in Multi Objective Decision Making (MODM)
Supply Chain Grounded on Information Theory: Tracing to the environment. There are two objects in proposed model, first one
Source of Collaborative Information emphasizes on minimizing total transportation cost and fixed cost,
Tong Shu1, Shou Chen1, Shouyang Wang2, Kin Keung Lai3 second one accentuates on minimizing risks impacts of locating
1Hunan University, China undesirable and hazardous materials. Two new assumptions have
2Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
been considered in this paper as; 1) The possibility of distribution
3City University of Hong Kong, China
of hazardous material in one area among some repelling facilities,
and 2) The possibility of selection among different facilities
This paper investigates the source and treatment of supply chain capacities in potential locations.
collaborative information in terms of Information Theory. It
indicates that that the supply chain collaboration is one part of
economic activities and that the supply chain collaborative Logistics Facility Location Model Based on Reliability within
information is one part of economic information. It proposes the the Supply Chain
hierarchy and main representation of supply chain collaborative Xifeng Tang1, Haijun Mao1, Xuhong Li1
information in economic information. This paper suggests that we 1Southeast University, China
cannot gain economic profits independently, which can be

achieved by releasing or discovering demand‐supply information The choice of locations for logistics facility has an influence not
and providing products and services. The Information Theory can only on logistics cost but also on the level of customer service.
support the understanding and treatment of supply chain However, traditional facility location models all lay emphasis on
collaborative information. The fundamental construction of logistics cost and ignore the service level. To overcome this
supply chain collaborative information is based on the taxonomy inefficiency, by considering the level of customer service, logistics
and arrangement of products and services. The search for supply facility location model based on reliability is presented. Then, a
chain collaborative information is the key to obtaining the numerical example is used to illustrate the application of the
information resources and the evidence of decision optimization model, which shows the method is feasible and has great
information. It is necessary to search, categorize, filter and advantages over traditional models.
aggregate information in connection with supply chain
collaborative activities according to the optimization targets.
Achieving Competitive Advantage and Organisational
Performance through Service Quality Initiatives in the Supply
A Fuzzy AHP Based Evaluation Method for Vendor‐selection Chain
Hua Bai1 Gyan Prakash1, Kripa Shanker1
1Jinan University, China 1Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India

Vendor selection is a multi‐criteria problem iCich embodies the Service quality initiatives in supply chain management provide
subjective evaluation of decision‐makers, has been widely used to uniqueness to the organizationʹs capabilities, make them difficult
ascertain the weights of rules for vendor selecting. The fuzziness to replicate, and are thus a source of competitive advantage. On
in human evaluation inevitax random, unclear and fuzzy factors the basis of exploratory interviews with scholars and practitioners
in vendor selection, this paper presents a new general evaluating in three automobile manufacturing companies in North India, we
method based on the method of AHP and fuzzy math. propose a conceptual model that links service quality with
competitive advantage and organizational performance.
Practitioners would find the model useful in understanding
A Grey Based Method Based on TOPSIS Concepts for Multiple stakeholdersʹ assessment of service quality in the supply chain,
Criteria Decision Making Problems identify core competencies related to internal service quality,
Omid Jadidi1, Sai Hong Tang1, Fatemeh Firouzi1, Rosnah Binti Mohd Yusuff1 capabilities offered by their supply chain partners, and categorise
1University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
suppliers and distributors on the basis of service levels offered by
them.
Supplier selection is a Multi‐Criteria Decision‐Making (MCDM)
problem which includes both tangible and intangible factors. Since
for the problem, most of the input information is not known
precisely, supplier selection becomes more difficult. Grey theory is
one of the methods used to study uncertainty, being superior in
the mathematical analysis of systems with uncertain information.
Here, we propose a simple grey based method based on the
concepts of TOPSIS to evaluate and select the best supplier that
the weights and ratings of attributes for all alternatives are
described by linguistic variables that can be expressed in grey
numbers. Through this article, we demonstrate that the approach

52
New Design Algorithm of the Shewhart&CUSUM Chart for
Session Six Sigma & Quality Methods Monitoring Process Mean Shifts
Date 9/23/2008 Mei Yang1, Zhang Wu1
Time 11:00 ‐ 12:30 1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Room Room D
Chairs Soo Beng Khoh, Siong‐Lin Ho This article proposed an algorithm for the optimization design of
the combined Shewhart chart and CUSUM chart ( X&CUSUM
Deploying Design for Six SigmaTM in New Product chart) that has been used widely in Statistical Process Control
Development (SPC). The optimization design effectively improves the overall
Hari Narayanan1, Soo Beng Khoh1 performance of the X&CUSUM chart over the entire process
1Motorola, Malaysia
shift range. A new feature pertaining to the exponential of the
sample mean shift w is also investigated to further enhance the
An overview Six SigmaTM and Design for Six SigmaTM (DFSS) detection effectiveness. Furthermore, this article provides the SPC
were presented, with the differences between the two illustrated. practitioners with a design table to facilitate the designs of the
DFSS tools, methodology and their applications within the X&CUSUM charts.
Motorola Penangʹs pilot programs were presented. Critical
Parameter Management (CPM) was introduced to ensure the new
radio design has sufficient margin in meeting the critical voice of A Bivariate Attribute Measurement Model for Six Sigma Project
customer (VOC). The derivation of transfer functions using design JrJung Lyu1, MingNan Chen1
1National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
of experiment (DOE) and response surface methodology (RSM) in
optimising design parameters were discussed. Lessons learned
from using the DFSS tools and methodology as applied in the pilot Many quality improvement programs employ measurement
projects were discussed and the benefits resulted from its system analysis (MSA) to ensure the reliability of measurement
applications in meeting the design margins and customer results in measure phase, which are the basis for decisions
requirements were presented. Lastly, the benefits and regarding the behavior of critical quality characteristics. Gauge
opportunities of DFSS implementation were presented, before repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) study is an important
concluded with the successful implementation of DFSS. approach for evaluating the precision of MSA. Although many
gauge capability studies exist and are common in industry, few
have discussed cases with attribute data, especially on the case
Enhanced Evaluation Method of Sigma Level in Six‐Sigma related to two or more related quality characteristics
Activities simultaneously. This study presents a novel model for evaluating
Song‐Kyoo Kim1 gauge R&R for bivariate attribute data. An example is utilized to
1Samsung Electronics, South Korea
illustrate the application process of the proposed model. The
proposed model is illustrated to be capable to assess and to
This paper deals with alternative measurement method for improve measurement systems with bivariate attribute data.
determine the sigma level in Six sigma activities. Determining the
sigma level in the DFSS based Six sigma project is the key factor of
the whole project performance because the sigma level is the A Study on Ewma Tbe Charts with Transformed Weibull Data
single number that indicates the level of project success based on Yujuan Xie1, Hai Yun Zhang1, Thong Ngee Goh1
CTQ that determined in the Six sigma projects. Tractable results
are obtained by using statistical congruent method and concept of
Takuchi method. The Six‐sigma project has been completed is Six Sigma is a set of systematic statistical tools for improving the
demonstrated as a case study. Alternative method are applied to quality of the process. Control charts as the last stage of the major
find sigma level more efficiently. Six Sigma methodology show great importance in not only
maintaining the process but also improving the process. In this
paper, a type of advanced control chart, EWMA chart is proposed
A Note on Multi‐response Robust Parameter Optimization to monitor the Weibull distributed TBE data. The recommended
Based on RSM Box‐Cox transformation method is used to transform the Weibull
Zhen He1, Pengfei Zhu1 distributed data into approximate normal distribution before the
EWMA chart can be used to monitor it. The ARL is calculated
according to the Markov chain method and its properties are
This paper discusses multi‐response robust parameter investigated. The guidelines for setting up an optimal EWMA
optimization based on response surface models using desirability chart are provided. Finally a numerical example is given to show
function method. When specifications of the output responses are the effectiveness of the EWMA chart for the transformed data.
given, the design region may be divided into several areas or
spaces. Research shows that solution with highest desirability may
not be robust. To achieve robust solution we should consider
where the solution lying in the feasible operating regions and
analyze the sensitivity of the solution when the values of
controllable variables change. A two‐factor with three output
responses example is given and analyzed in this paper. And a
straightforward approach on how to find solutions based on the
trade‐off between robustness and optimality is proposed with
applications of this example.

53
BM Patent Evolution Map for Tracking the Development of
Session Patent & Intellectual Property E‐Service
Date 9/23/2008 Changwoo Choi1, Chulhyun Kim1, Jeonghwan Jeon1, Yongtae Park1
Time 13:30 ‐ 15:00
Room Room D
Chairs Lorenz Kaiser, Yan‐Ru Li Given that the study on the creation and operation of e‐service is
an important research field, the challenges of developing
Toward the Next Generationʹs Patent Analysis: Patent Database systematic and scientific methodology for the analysis of e‐service
and Public Information operation and creation still carry on. This research attempts to
Yan‐Ru Li1, Chen‐Tsang Chang1, Ming‐Yang Chiang2 suggest a systematic approach to identify the evolution of
1Aletheia University, Taiwan e‐service based on the BM patent database as a quantitative
2Intumit Inc., Taiwan database. Despite the considerable contribution that BM patents
can bring to the service world as a valuable database, only a few
Patent is an important task for further development of studies have been conducted on them. This research proposes an
contemporary knowledge management. This paper discusses the algorithm for constructing a BM patent evolution map by selecting
loss and challenges of patent management in variety and then major arcs in the patent citation network. Furthermore, the
discourses on the developing directions and tendency of algorithm is applied to the e‐finance field to construct and
intellectual property management in the light of patent. Based on evolution map. The results of this research can be used to
practices and observation of industries, this paper will present understand the process of evolution of e‐service, extracting
suggestions and argue that patent analysis should include fruitful new service ideas from existing e‐service processes or
information of alliance, technological structure, cooperation, methods, and identifying the legal rights and limitations of
licensing, and litigation so that entities can be more proficiently created e‐service concepts and operation methods.
construct the system of patent management, which can fertilize
and improve academic research and study.
Management of Intellectual Property in Research and
Development A Search for Systems from the Point of View of
Patent Analysis with Text Mining for TRIZ Research & Technology Organizations (RTOs)
yanhong liang1, Run‐hua Tan1, Jianhong Ma1 Lorenz Kaiser1
1Hebei University of Technology, China 1Fraunhofer‐Gesellschaft, Germany

Patent is an important knowledge source for industrial research The following discussion tries to identify key factors and
and product development on account of its innovation and mechanisms for the management of IP in research and
practicability. In TRIZ theory, a product design problem can be development. It gathers from different experiences and
considered as one or more Contradictions. But the Contradictions correlations that all commercialisation schemes are first
and corresponding Inventive Principles are rather abstract and depending from building up and broadening the own background
general. It will be more helpful for innovators to solve the problem basis. From this starting point cooperation in R&D can enable the
if they obtain related examples from published patents that have progress. The methods to reach that goal are most individual. The
solved the Contradictions. In order to search the relevant patens established procedures must be adjusted to the individual
according to Contradictions and Inventive Principles situation. It is like a difficult puzzle to find the right technology
automatically, text mining is used to analyze patent documents. In and partnership in the right moment. Some basics help in the
this paper, a computer‐aided methodology to classify patents process which are the diligent care for the own IP, sustainable and
according to Contradictions and Inventive Principles is proposed. enduring contacts to research and the ability to foresee chances in
the market. Balanced and flexible cooperation between science
and research often are the key for joint progress and in the end for
Analysis on Actual Conditions of Patent Exploitation and Its a commercial success.
Influence by Japanese Companies Especially on Electronics
Companies
Sachiko Nakamura1, Naoki Kyomoto1
1Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Open Source Software Publishersʹ Business Models: the
Strategic Role of Licenses
Although the Japanese electronics companies engage in patent Laure Muselli1
acquisition activity eagerly, it is said that the patent applications 1Queensland University of Technology, Australia
do not directly contribute to increase of company’s value such as

sales profit, sales volume. Our study shows how the Japanese This article aims to examine the strategic role of licenses in
electronics companies exploit their patents and what kind of software publishersʹ business models. It shows the license as a
influence is given to other activities such as patent applications. strategic tool used to both create value and capture revenues by
Especially our study confirmed the influence of cross‐license and modifying a given regime of appropriability. It also shows how
litigation experiments by means of the questionnaire survey to the open source software publishers manage to capture revenues
person in charge of patent applications at intellectual property through various business models, according to the type of
section of the Japanese companies. software they provide.

54
Empirical Study for Exchange Rate Risk of CNY:Using VaR and
Session Risk Management ES Based on Extreme Value Theory
Date 9/23/2008 Zongrun Wang1, Weitao Wu1
1Central South University, China
Time 15:30 ‐ 17:30
Room Room D
Chairs Quangen Fang, Chaipat Lawsirirat This paper applies extreme value theory (EVT) to estimate return
seriesʹ tails of CNY exchange rates, and finds that the degree of
Creating Financial Risk Management Framework for the Service fitting Pareto distribution to the data of return seriesʹ tail is
Delivery of Long‐Term Service Agreements extremely high; what’s different from expected result is that
Chaipat Lawsirirat1, Aparna Gupta1 expected shortfall (ES) canʹt improve the tail risk problem of
1Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, United States Value‐at‐Risk (VaR) evidently. Result of back testing indicates that
EVT‐based VaR values underestimate the risk of USD/CNY and
Long‐term service agreements (LTSAs) spanning over 5‐20 years HKD/CNY, this may be caused by the continuous CNY
offer a functional guarantee of the output of products, which are appreciation toward USD and HKD. However, comparing with
extremely sophisticated and need elaborated and extensive service VaR values calculated by historical simulation (HS) and
infrastructure, over the entire contract period. Bound by the variance‐covariance method, VaR values calculated by EVT can
contract, the provider is responsible for maintaining the product measure the risk more accurately while dealing with JPY/CNY
for its customer by developing an efficient service operations and EUR/CNY under high confidence level.
strategy. Risks are very important for the provider. Some risks can
be eliminated by adopting a carefully created service operations
strategy. However, some risks, e.g., financial risks, cannot be Value‐Creating Potentials and Attendant Risks for R&D
totally eliminated by the service operations strategy alone. This Portfolios
paper develops a rigorous financial risk assessment and Hwey‐chyi Lee1, Lishu Ouyang2
management framework allowing the provider to evaluate its 2Chinese Culture University, Taiwan
current service operations and to create an appropriate hedging
strategy based on the delivery strategy.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the trade‐off
relationship between value creation (characterized by EVA) and
Enhancing Risk Management with an Efficient Risk attendant risks for R&D portfolios. The empirical data include 485
Identification Approach manufacturing and high tech Taiwanese firms during the years
Samaneh Barati1, Shahriar Mohammadi2 2004 to 2007. Empirical results indicate that the percentage
1K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Iran changes of EVA are sensitive to the time horizons used in
2K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Iran amortized R&D capital and also found that the results are highly
sensitive to firms with high R&D intensities.
Risk Management is an integral part of the project management.
This is because; projects always go along with various kinds of
Risks. The Management of Risk in projects is currently one of the
main topics of interest for researchers and practitioners working in
the area of project management. Risk Identification is one of the Dynamic Management of Detected Factory Events and
most important steps of Risk Management that analyzed in more Estimated Risks Using FMECA
details. Risk Identification is discovering, defining, describing, Aymen Mili1, Ali Siadat2, Stéphane Hubac3, Samuel Bassetto1
1G‐SCOP, France
documenting and communicating Risks before they become 2ENSAM‐LGIPM, France
problems and adversely affect a project. In this paper, Enhancing 3STMicroelectronics, France
Risk Management with an Efficient Risk Identification Approach

is presented. Risk Identification process is analyzed at all points
In most of the modern production factories, manufacturing events
and A New Model for Risk Management with focus on Risk
are capitalized inside the manufacturing information system. To
Identification is addressed.
address Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE), Yield, cost and to

reduce actual events impact, action plans are defined by the

engineering organization. To secure and manage the action plan
Study on Risk Control of Ship Pilotage in Shanghai Harbour
process in a preventive way, risk analysis methodology can be
Qangen Fang1, Shenping Hu1
1Shanghai Maritime University, China used. This paper proposes an approach which establishes a
continuous bond between factory events, risk analysis and related
Based on a thorough investigation of the pilotage accidents in action plan with minimal and under control human intervention.
Shanghai harbour during last 13 years and other effective ways for A unified management method is proposed. Deployment uses
getting the information about the dangers of the pilotage, the cases from semiconductor industry using the proposed method
pilotage risks in various navigating areas of Shanghai harbour are are shown.
presented. Through the analysis of the practical traffic situation
and assessment of the pilotage risks, the detailed proposals and
systematic measures for the avoidance and control of these risks Sustainable Development of Production on the Base of
have been putted out. In the paper, some detailed information, Statistical Risk Analysis
Kartlos Kachiashvili1, Muntazim Hashmi1, Abdul Mueed1
methods and ideas about the pilotage risk control in Shanghai 1Abdul Salam School of Mathematical Sciences of GC University, Pakistan
Harbour have been introduced and discussed.

In the work the problem of sustainable development of

manufacture, i.e. an optimum choice of parameters of
technological process with the purpose of minimization of risk of
obtaining production of not planed quality also incorrect making
decision about quality of production and maximization of profit of
manufacture at the guaranteed social and economic effects is
formalized. Different statements of the problem depending on the
put ultimate purpose are considered. The general method of
solution of the put task using Bayesian approach of testing many
hypotheses is offered.

55
Integrating Path Testing with Software Reliability Estimation
Session Information Systems Using Control Flow Graph
Date 9/23/2008 Chao‐Jung Hsu1, Chin‐Yu Huang1
Time 11:00 ‐ 12:30
Room Room E
Chairs Roula Michaelides, Susan Morton In this paper, we propose a new approach to calculate a pathʹs
reliability along three basic programming structures, which
Managing Innovation Through Virtual Global Communities: include sequential, branching, and looping structures. The pathʹs
Challenges and Benefits reliability is then taken to approximate the systemʹs reliability, and
Roula Michaelides1, Susan Morton2 an example is evaluated to validate and show the effectiveness of
1University of Liverpool, United Kingdom proposed method. The numerical example yields several findings.
2Loughborough University, United Kingdom First, the proposed method can be effectively used in the early
stages of testing. Second, the path reliability is highly relative to
Virtual communities facilitate effortless exchange of information system reliability, and the estimated error of the proposed method
between remote users irrespective of time, location and remit. The is acceptable. Third, with higher test coverage on path testing, the
technologies utilized enable organizations to build strong, accuracy of system reliability estimation can be further improved.
cost‐effective connections within the organization and externally Therefore, the proposed method is a viable alternative method for
with customers to further the innovation process. VCs act as architecture‐based software reliability modeling.
bridges between organizations and customer bases by fostering
product awareness; providing forums for questions; and serving
as conduits for continuous innovation and improvement.
This paper reviews challenges of VCs highlighted within extant Improved MRP System of OKP Enterprise Based on Product
literature, together with suggestions for problem resolution. It Platform
provides a summary of the findings and proposes solutions to Wenyan Zhao1, Huangao Zhang2, Zhen He1, Run‐hua Tan2, Ping Jiang2
additional challenges within the context of human/technology
interaction and behaviour related to innovation, with particular
reference to the barriers and enablers associated with the
implementation and uptake of VCs. OKP is a typical production pattern by which products ordered
within a specific product domain can be developed and produced.
The main characteristic of OKP enterprises is indefinite variability
of product and production plan, which prolong production lead
time. Traditional MRP system draw up a production plan after the
Delay Analysis of Admission Control Mechanism for design of the whole product is completed, which result in delay of
Supporting QoS in 802.11e delivery time in OKP enterprises because the design of
Ching‐Hsun Chen1, Chin‐Yu Huang2, Jun‐Ru Chang2, Jenn‐Wei Lin3 customized components will postpone the beginning of drawing
1ZyXEL Communications Corporation, Taiwan product plans. The variability in plan can be partly controlled by
2National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan fixing parts of components or parts of their product. Product
3Fu‐Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
platform is a good approach to constitute and manage a common
framework for similar productsʹ design and manufacture. A
IEEE 802.11e standard is developed for QoS (Quality of Service) product platform management system (PPMS) and a network plan
provisioning in WLANs (Wireless Local Area Networks). development model (NPDM) are introduced and integrated into
Admission Control is a mechanism that controls stations to be MRP system to form improved MRP system in which PPMS form
served in WLANs. In practice, evaluation of admission control and manage modules of product and NPDM decide the time of
plays an important role for QoS support. The goal of this paper is input and output of modules. As an illustration, the approach is
to calculate the WLAN delays with ACs (Access Categories). The applied in an OKP enterprise for improving their production
delay calculation can be used to guarantee the QoS of the VoIP efficiency and profitability.
and video streams, which is divided into three parts. One is the
propagation delay. Another is the delay that packets queue up in
stations or APs (Access Points). The last is the delay which is taken Web‐based Global Procurement Platform Design and
due to collisions. For VoIP and video streams, the second delay is Implementation
more important than other two delays. Consequently, here we will Chunlai Chai1
1Hohai University, China
focus on the calculation of the second delay. Some simulations and
numerical results are provided and discussed in detail.
Experimental results show that the proposed method is more The competition in international commercial activities, especially
accurate in calculating the delay of packets in WLANs. in retailing and mechanical trades, is increasingly intense. In such
a situation, there is not any wiser choice than the Global
E‐procurement system. However, large numbers of domestic
Test Suite Reduction Analysis with Enhanced Tie‐Breaking enterprises encounter various problems when dealing with the
Techniques system. So in this paper, a systematic solution to the
Jun‐Wei Lin1, Chin‐Yu Huang1, Chu‐Ti Lin1 E‐procurement platform is presented. This solution is based on the
Java MVC technology in a WEB 2.0 architecture, and focuses on
the function‐level framework, functional modules and business
Test suite minimization techniques try to remove redundant test modules and functional settings of the E‐procurement system.
cases of a test suite. However, reducing the size of a test suite Finally, this paper introduces how to use the technology to build a
might reduce its ability to reveal faults. Most of prior works which real E‐commerce application system for an international company.
address this problem affect some extent of suite size reduction. In This system mentioned herein has already attracted clientsʹ
this paper, we present a novel approach for test suite reduction recognition.
that uses additional testing criterion to break the ties in the
minimization process. We performed an experiment with the
Siemens suite subject programs. The experiment results show that,
compared to existing approaches, the proposed approach can
improve the fault detection effectiveness of reduced suites with
negligible increase in the size of the suites. Besides, the proposed
approach can also accelerate the process of minimization.

56
(NMM) is the standard model provides a conceptual framework
Session Information Systems for organizing a diverse range of network resources. Consequently,
Date 9/23/2008 this paper is an analysis of the OSI NMM to evaluate the
Time 13:30 ‐ 15:00 possibility its use within large enterprise networks focusing upon
Room Room E capacity and performance management.
Chairs Hiroyuki Tomita, Paul Attasara‐Mason

A Study of Unavailability of Software Systems Safety Critical Computer Systems: An Information Management
Chengjie Xiong1, Szu Hui Ng1 Perspective on Their Development
1National University of Singapore, Singapore Paul Attasara‐Mason1
1Shinawatra University, Thailand

System availability is a critical measure of complex system during
the operational phase. It is especially important to those Abstract ‐ The growing use of computers to control critical
safety‐critical systems. While in the last few decades many functions of complex systems brings with it concerns over
technologies have been developed for enhancing the hardware dependability of the software. Engineers involved in developing
reliability and availability and there are plenty of literatures in this such systems use a range of techniques for hazard and risk
field, little has been done in the aspect of software availability. The assessment, each offering a different safety perspective.
objective of this paper is to investigate some simple models for the Confidence in the system (and ultimately its certification) is
estimation of software unavailability and its impact on systems (partially) dependent on confidence in consistency (and
considering safety, risk and cost. In this paper, a stochastic traceability) between results of the various analyses, and between
framework to model software availability is proposed. We each set of results and the system design. That is, software safety
consider software availability as the percentage of time the may be viewed (from one perspective) as an information
software is operational and both the operation and repair process management problem. Clearly, tool support is essential. However,
are studied under this framework. The unavailability is the current tool‐sets are incapable of achieving consistency at the fine
percentage of downtime. The dynamic behaviours of software level of granularity required to justify such confidence. This paper
failure and maintenance are studied and the effects of scheduled presents one approach towards achieving that objective.
service and break‐down time on software unavailability are
investigated. A numerical example is provided to show how
software availability can be estimated. Soft Computing in the Forecasting of the Stock Exchange of
Thailand (SET)
Suchira Chaigusin1, Chaiyaporn Chirathamjaree1, Judy Clayden1
1Edith Cowan University, Australia
Genealogical Information Searching System
Sumitra Nuanmeesri1, Chanasak Baitiang1
1King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand Stock markets are affected by many uncertainties and interrelated
economic and political factors at both local and global levels;
The genealogical information is the best resources of the family determining the set of relevant factors for making accurate
histories which contain large amount of families’ information and predictions is a complicated task. This paper analyzes relevant
relationships between members. Presently, methods used to find literature on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), according to
genealogical information and relations of person within millions the categories of techniques used. The research proposes an
of families are inadequate. This paper is going to discuss the approach of soft computing on the SET forecasting and exposes
design and development of suitable techniques that improve the main driving indicators, from the literature, including Dow
efficiency of Genealogical Information Searching System. Jones, Nikkei index, Hang Seng index, Minimum Loan Rate, the
According to the developed system, object oriented structures are value of the Thai baht and gold price.
defined to manage compiled detail of genealogy systematically.
BBS technique is applied to search for two particular people’s
relationship and family information. Space Tree is used to A Distributed e‐Education System Based on the Service
visualize hierarchy structure. A zooming system that dynamically Oriented Architecture
lays out branches to best fit the existing screen space is added in Parichat Pasatcha1, Komrhon Sunat1
1Mahanakorn University of Technology, Thailand
order to facilitate the exploration of large hierarchies’ structure.

Next generation educational services must identify and support
Efficient Calculation Method of the Transition Matrix for dynamic semantic mappings to support semantic interoperability.
Max‐Plus Linear Systems with Buffer Constraint This study introduces a distributed e‐education services system
Hiroyuki Goto1, Munenori Kasahara1, Masaki Tanaka1 based on the service oriented architecture. The Service Oriented
1Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan Architecture facilitates the development of such systems by
supporting modular design, application integration and
This research considers an efficient method for calculating the interoperation, and software reuse. With open standards, such as
transition matrix in an MPL (Max‐Plus Linear) state‐space XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI, the Service Oriented Architecture
representation. This matrix can be generated by applying the supports interoperability between services operating on different
Kleene star operator to an adjacency matrix. The proposed method, platforms and between applications implemented in different
based on the idea of a topological sort in graph theory and block programming languages. In this paper we describe a distributed
splitting, is able to calculate the transition matrix efficiently. e‐education services system that uses the Service Oriented
Architecture as a basis for designing, implementing, deploying,
invoking and managing educational services.
The OSI Network Management Model ‐ Capacity and
Performance Management
Chompu Nuangjamnong1, Paul Maj1, David Veal1
1Edith Cowan University, Australia

With the rapid growth of large enterprise networks, capacity and
performance management issues are becoming increasingly
important to both business organizations and the
telecommunication industry. Capacity and performance
management techniques and methods provide guidance on how
to plan, justify and manage appropriate levels of network
resources required. An inappropriate planning for capacity and
performance may lead to wasted resources resulting in
unnecessary cost, or lack of resources resulting in poor network
performance or even the unavailability of IT services. Moreover, it
is not uncommon for networks to be equipped with devices from
different vendors and this task can be assisted by using of network
management framework. The OSI Network Management Model

57
development of an integrated checklist for self‐evaluation of the lean
Session Process Innovation supply chain performance.
Date 9/23/2008
Time 15:30 ‐ 17:30 Exploring the Black Box of Modularity in Single Business
Room Room E Enterprise: A Case Study of Giant KONE Elevator Corporation
Chairs V. Cruz_Machado, Hang Chang Chieh Ruoyang Gao1, Gang Zhang1

Modularity has been proposed as a key principle for organizations to
Framework for Process Design using a Stakeholder Value and adapt to dynamic markets, but relatively little research has been
Architecture Principles conducted in studying modularity in single business enterprise. We try
Supriya Kummamuru1, Nikhil Zope1 to fill this blank by using an in‐depth case study of a large elevator
1Tata Consultancy Services, India
manufacturer in China. By virtue of organigraph, we plot the
organizational structure matrix of case enterprise to illustrate
The aim of this paper is to propose a Framework to design or redesign modularity in organization. Our results show that specialization exit
processes by applying the established ideas of value to stakeholders, both in structure designing and interface specifying. Owing to codified
process architecture and responsibility structures. Process design architectural knowledge and specialized units taking charge of
literature from Six Sigma and other methodologies have emphasized interface management, modular organization can be good at modular
on the reengineering and improvement of existing process. This paper innovation and architectural innovation.
takes a complementary top‐down approach that can be used to design
processes from scratch or fundamentally re‐architect them to deliver Complementarities Between Information Sources to Support the
different characteristics. The process design takes into account one the Implementation of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies
stakeholder (customer) to whom the value is delivered, second the Jennifer Percival1
process architecture perspective (this is to ensure effectiveness and 1University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada
agility for the process and build stakeholder qualities) and third from

the stakeholder (Vendor or one who executes) who delivers the value
Recently, manufacturers have invested significantly in the
with respect to his responsibility.
implementation of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT) in an
attempt to gain a competitive advantage. The outcomes of these
Deciphering Extreming Programming Practices for Innovation investments have been varied. Yet, the impact of information supports
Process Management on AMT implementations and the complementarities that exist
Clauirton Siebra1, Mozart Filho1, Fabio Silva1, Andre Santos1 between such supports have not been determined. This study
1CIn/Samsung ‐ UFPE, Brazil
develops a model of manufacturing plant productivity using
complementarity assumptions developed by [1] and [2]. Constrained
Innovation can be summarized as the successful exploitation of new regression analysis reveals that implementing the appropriate set of
ideas. However there is a long way from the conception of an idea to its information supports results in a significant improvement in the return
final evolution as a product. The problem is that the development on the AMT implementation. Demonstrating the practical application
interval between these two edges must consider the time to the market of the results, the optimal information support practices are provided
restriction, so that such a product can ensure its place in the market and for an example plant using a solution lattice from this study.
compete in better conditions with possible rivals. In this context, there
are several proposals related to approaches that intend to lead the Technology Strategy: Findings from Adoption and Adaptation
process of innovation into organizations, so that this process can be of Japanese Manufacturing Management (JMM) to ASEAN and
carried out in a more efficient way. Our research, in particular, aims to
Australasian Automotive Manufacturers
investigate how we could apply concepts of eXtreming Programming
Tritos Laosirihongthong1, Michael McLean2, Panadda Leabsuetrakool3,
(XP) into the management of innovation process. XP is a software
Thirinpa Chongjareonjai1, Supatsinee Leedhirakul1
engineering methodology that ensures a more flexible and adaptable 1Thammasat University, Thailand
software development. We argue and demonstrate that the XP 2Queensland University of Technology, Australia
strengths can be also applied to improve innovation processes. 3Honda Automobile (Thailand), Thailand
Experimental data is also explored as a way to support this hypothesis.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the appropriateness of
Conceptual Design Process Model for Function and “Japanese Manufacturing Management” (JMM) strategies in the Asian,
Contradiction Solving ASEAN and Australasian automotive sectors. Secondly, the study
Fang Liu1, Ping Jiang1, Peng Zhang1, Run‐hua Tan1 assessed JMM as a prompt, effective and efficient global manufacturing
management practice for automotive manufacturing companies to
learn; benchmark for best practice; acquire product and process
Product conceptual design process modeling is a hot issue of innovation, and enhance their capabilities and capacities. In this study,
engineering design field researches. Contradiction solving is the most the philosophies, systems and tools that have been adopted in various
important kind of problems to be solved and it is rooted philosophy in automotive manufacturing assembly plants and their tier 1 suppliers in
TRIZ. The essence of contradictions appeared in product structure is the three Regions were examined. A number of top to middle managers
that there are conflicts between functions of a product. Contradiction in in these companies were located in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia,
conceptual design is introduced, which can be solved by using TRIZ. A Singapore, Philippines, Viet Nam, and Australia and were interviewed
conceptual design process model for function and contradiction by using a qualitative methodology. The results confirmed that the six
solving is proposed. An example illustrates the design process. pillars of JMM (culture change, quality at shop floor, consensus,
incremental continual improvement, benchmarking, and
Study on the Analysis of Design Contradiction Based on backward‐forward integration) are key enablers to success in adopting
Obstacle Tree JMM in both automotive and other manufacturing sectors in the three
Lihui Ma1, Run‐hua Tan2, Yunxia Chang1 Regions. The analysis and on‐site interviews identified a number of
1Hebei University, China recommendations that were validated by the automotive
2Hebei University of Technology, China manufacturing company’s managers as the most functional JMM
strategies.
The contradiction analysis method based on Design Obstacle Tree is
established. Basic events in Obstacle Tree are regarded as the factors to Anticipating Performance of Work Stations in MMPs at Sensor
be improved in design contradictions. The qualitative or quantitative Breakdowns
evaluation about the primary and secondary status of design Felix T. S. Chan1, M. K. Tiwari2
contradictions can be made by use of Minimal Cut Set or Critical 1University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Importance Measure correspondingly. A case of engineering has 2Indian Institute of Technology, India
verified the application of the method.
Multi‐Station Manufacturing Processes (MMPs) occasionally
Modelling Lean Performance encounters the problem of deviation in the attributes of the products as
V. Cruz Machado1, A. Pereira1 compared to the design specifications. Sensors are installed in the work
1University Nova of Lisboa, Portugal stations to detect the sources of errors in the product dimensions. This
paper identifies the problem concerned with breakdown of the sensors
The purpose of this paper is to present an application model which can and proposes an approach that identifies the interdependence relations
be used in a supply chain, to assess the changes taking place in among the various sensors using Bayesian Networks. Particle Swarm
organizations that are implementing lean strategies. To assess changes Optimization technique has been used to search the Optimal Bayesian
towards leaner organizations, the determinants on the use of indicators Network. This proposed strategy will aid the manufacturers to check
to assess companyʹs improvements are identified and discussed. The the delay in production time and to control the quality of production at
model considers indicators that have been designed and imbedded in times of sensor breakdown.
the organization information system and they derived from three
components: the design, control and improvement management of the
production system. These components are the foundation for the

58
Furthermore, Analysis Network Process (ANP) is used to calculate
Session Poster Session (2) the assessment of weight values of indicator at every layer and
Date 9/23/2008 construct its assessment models with applicable and valuable
Time 10:30 ‐ 11:00, 15:00 ‐ 15:30 references.
Room Foyer

Emergency Logistics using Graph Theory and Abstraction
Study on Flaws and Improvement of Discounted Cash Flow Hierarchy
Theory in Mergers and Acquisitions Feng Zhou1, Angela Tan1, Roger Jiao1
1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Hongjiu Liu1
1Changshu Institute of Technology, China
An emergency logistics was modeled and optimized using
The result of value appraisal decides whether an enterprise abstraction hierarchy and graph theory. A case study for the
acquires target or not. Discounted cash flow is a theoretical, emergency evacuation in a local underground multi‐storey train
widely applied method of value appraisal. However, there are station demonstrated the application of the method. The objectives
flaws of the theory in predicting cash flow by linear model, static of crowd control in an emergency evacuation were mapped using
appraisal and ignoring integration cost. This paper tries to amend the abstraction hierarchy which modeled the means‐ends
the flaws in predicting cash flow by genetic neural network, relationship between the system and its components. The means
combining games and discounted cash flow method, considering to achieving the goals were represented in the form of a graph
integration cost. The amendment optimizes discounted cash flow which was solved using graph theory algorithms. One solution
method, increases the practicability and science of the method. space that satisfied the selected goal was obtained.
The improvement of model is available to reduce the risk of value
appraisal and complete integration successfully.
Risk Factors that Affect Collaborative Software Development
Malaya Kumar Nayak1, Poonphon Suesaowaluk1

A Case Study of Patient Discharge Process Re‐engineering
Using RFID This paper explores the concept of collaborative software
Y.‐Y. Jiao1, K. Li1, Roger Jiao2 development which involves multiple corporate units, often
1Nankai University, China spanning national, linguistic, and cultural boundaries. This raises
2Nanyang Technological University, Singapore new challenges and risks that can upset software development
projects even when the usual risk factors are being controlled. This
Radio frequency identification (RFID) tools have assumed an paper presents a framework that can be used to deal with
important role in supporting logistics and supply chain collaborative software development projects, founded on a
management processes. Unlike barcode systems, it is necessary to comprehensive set of risk management principles. Three risk
implement Business Process Reengineering (BPR) with an factors confidence‐building, corporate values, and information
innovative spirit on the fundamental processes before sharing have been identified through extensive study of literature
implementing RFID to achieve greater synergy. BPR requires that and exploratory fieldwork and they constitute the core of this
there exist a fundamental framework and a proven, reliable paper.
methodology, which are generally applicable and repeatable.
Towards this end, this paper presents a framework of business
process reengineering based on RFID. A case study of hospital Supply Chain Collaborative Forecasting Methods on the Basis
patient discharge is presented to illustrated the BPR framework. of Factors
Tong Shu1, Shou Chen1, Shouyang Wang2, Kin Keung Lai3
1Hunan University, China

2Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Analysis of Relationship Between Operational Risk and 3City University of Hong Kong, China
Financial Efficiency Among Different Location Types in
Farmersʹ Association
Chen‐Ling Fang1, Wen‐Chung Liu2 This paper proposes the supply chain collaborative forecasting
1National Taipei University, Taiwan methods on the basis of factors and presents the relevant empirical
2National Central University, Taiwan studies. In the light of the past actual sales data, factors of Spring
Festival transportation, shutting down for examinations and
This article identifies and analyzes operational risks for farmersʹ repairs and minor repairs are extracted and quantified in different
associations in Taiwan, revealing the relationship between risk hierarchies and domains. At the same time, they are reverted in
and operational efficiency. Using the concept of risk management, the corporate sales forecasting. The empirical studies indicate that
this paper identifies five types of operational risk currently factors play an important part in supply chain sales forecasting.
affecting farmersʹ associations: external environmental risk, Their application can greatly improve the specific and general
financial risk, organizational risk, leadership and decision‐making forecasting accuracy and represents the thought of collaborative
risk, and human resource risk. Subject evaluation shows that forecasting. They can contribute to the supply chain implication
external environmental risks are the most common risks, but and prominent information application; they can contribute to
objective analysis indicates that financial risks are the most positively employing the potential negative constraints of supply
influential. Farmerʹs associations in urban, rural, and mixed chain enterprises; they can contribute to the management of
locations exhibit some differences in operational efficiency as they supply chain as the information whole. All these can be
confront organizational risks and financial risks. considered as an extension of the economic information filter in
different hierarchies and modules.

Study on Equipment Risk Management Assessing Mode
Construct In the Petrochemical Industry The Supply Chain Patterns and Performance Indicators of IC
Rong‐Hwa Huang1, Chang‐Lin Yang1, C. S. Kao1 Industry in Taiwan
1Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan Jui‐Chin Jiang1, Chun‐An Chen2
1Chung‐Yuan Christian University, Taiwan

2Nan‐Ya Institute of Technology, Taiwan
This research deals with quantization and quality factors to build
up assessment models of petrochemical industryʹs equipment risk
management. The procedure is divided into three stages: 1. setting Integrated Circuit (IC) industry is the essential lifeblood of
up preliminary indicator construct, 2 revising assessment Taiwan‘s economy. For the collaborative firms in a global supply
indicators, 3. setting up assessment models. This model is based chain membership, resource utilization and performance
on five major dimensions, such as financial performance, logistic management are always the most important concerns. The
support, service level, learning and innovation and risk control, purpose of this study is to recognize the material and information
etc., It further develops 13 strategy subjects downware and flow in different supply chain patterns of IC industry in Taiwan,
extends 77 performance‐measurement indicators. Performance and further to establish the performance indicators. This study
assessment indicator is initially established and revised after organized a research group with key persons from world famous
collected expertsʹ opinions by the help of questionnaires; IC designing and manufacturing firms in Taiwan and conduct a

59
plan of comprehensive survey. After integrating both the during the replenishment time period. An example is used to
theoretical concept and the experiences from industrial illustrate the theory, and some interesting results describing the
practitioners, four supply chain patterns and related key effect of markdown price are derived. Our study shows that
performance indicators were developed. markdown pricing policy can increase retailer profit, and it is
more sensitive to the deteriorating rate parameter than the initial
price parameter.
Modeling and Solution Methods for Viable Routes in
Multimodal Networks
Huacan Sun1, Xuhong Li1, Dawei Chen1 Implementation of Inventory Analysis Tool for Optimization
and Policy Selection
Siong Sheng Chin1, Edmund Chan1, Terence Yeo2
This study aims to present a shortest viable route selecting model 1Republic Polytechnic, Singapore
2National Heart Centre, Singapore
and its algorithm for freight transportation management in
multimodal networks. A route is called viable only if its sequence
of modes is feasible with respect to a set of constraints. Three This paper serves to describe the development and application of
characteristics of viable intermodal routes are identified :(1)logical a web based, low cost, user friendly Inventory Analysis Tool for
modal sequence;(2) limited transfer times; and (3) transportation stock availability optimization and enhanced delivery
economies of scale. A model that incorporates the three performance. The inventory optimization attempts to find
characteristics into the intermodal routing selection problem is dynamically the best inventory policy and safety stock for Stock
developed. The concepts of generalized cost and penalty factor are Keeping Units with independent demands. The analysis is based
employed to the model. Label correcting approach is used to solve on supply and demand data, which includes forecast variability
the model. An illustrative example is provided. Since the results and measurements. Important supply chain parameters are
are depending on plannerʹs preferences with respect to mode modeled and estimated with graphical visualization to identify
sequences and number of modal transfers, the model can be potential opportunities for improvement. The tool gathers all
developed as a tool for decision support. historical and up‐to‐date information to effectively track the
replenishment level, safety stock level and re‐order level of
finished goods within minutes. A case study from National
A Systems Thinking Approach to Manage Distribution Heart Center Singapore on the use of the tool is presented. The
Channels in the Control and Instrumentation Product Market results should encourage more inventory managers to use the tool
with Multi‐Faceted Product Lines to lower inventory dollar level and put forecasting error in check
H G Dirker1, Leon Pretorius2, Jan‐Harm C Pretorius1 and control.
1University of Johannesburg, South Africa

2University of Pretoria, South Africa

An Evaluation of Inventory Management and Performance in
The purpose of this paper is to explore from a systems thinking Indian Machine Tool SMEs: An Exploratory Study
approach ways in which to model and manage distribution Rajeev Narayana Pillai1
channels in the Control and Instrumentation product market 1Indian Institute of Science, India
where multi‐faceted product lines, technological know‐how and

the position of the product in its life‐cycle play important roles in Inventory Management (IM) plays a decisive role in the
the manner in which these products are diffused into the market. enhancement of efficiency and competitiveness of manufacturing
The focus in this paper is more the South African market although enterprises. Therefore, major manufacturing enterprises are
the global context for control and instrumentation products is also following IM practices as a strategy to improve efficiency and
considered. The research is exploratory in nature addressing the achieve competitiveness. However, the spread of IM culture
complexity from a value chain point of view intertwined with among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is limited due to
product technology. Aims of the paper include the following: to lack of initiation, expertise and financial limitations in developed
asses if driving factors identified by way of preliminary research countries, leave alone developing countries. With this backdrop,
case studies and inductive reasoning are realistic and how the this paper makes an attempt to ascertain the role and importance
identified factors could be used within a soft systems of IM practices and performance of SMEs in the machine tools
methodology approach to understand the value additions per industry of Bangalore, India. The relationship between inventory
distribution channel for the various types of product lines. management practices and inventory cost are probed based on
primary data gathered from 91 SMEs. The paper brings out that
formal IM practices have a positive impact on the inventory
Improving and Evaluating Various Models with performance of SMEs.
Vendor‐managed Inventory
Jun Liu1, Qiang Lu1, Kun Shi1
A Model on Forecasting Safety Stock of ERP Based on BP
Neural Network
The practice of vendor‐managed inventory (VMI) draws a high Li Zhang1, Dan Wang1, Lei Chang1
attention from both industrial and academic worlds. On the basis 1Harbin Institute of Technology, China
of previous studies, we introduce three parameters, namely the

fixed and variable transportation cost, and the service cost per unit, Safety stock is one of the important parts of logistics management
to develop models for the following three scenarios by mainly in ERP. This paper attempts to use artificial neural networks to
employing the method used in [13]: (1) traditional supply chain forecast safety stock. Based on the index system of safety stock,
without VMI, (2) the VMI mode without a Third Party Logistics this paper constructs a three‐level BP neural network to analyze
(TPL) company, (3) the TPL‐VMI mode with TPL participation. By the principle and model of safety inventory. By using the samples
analyzing scenarios 1 and 2, we obtain conclusions similar to those to train and inspect the BP neural network, we conclude that the
in [13], though with different conditions. By analyzing scenarios 2 application of BP neural networks is an effective method to
and 3, we find that it is possible to optimize the supply chain forecast safety stock, and can also be used to find the key factors
performance. for enterprises to improve their logistics management level.

Supply Chain Retailer Price Markdown Policy for Deteriorating An Empirical Study of Psychological Safety and Performance in
Inventory Technology R&D Teams
Gede Agus Widyadana1, Hui Ming Wee1 Chi‐Cheng Huang1, Ching‐Ya Chu1, Pin‐Chen Jiang1
1Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan 1Aletheia University, Taiwan

Pricing strategy is an interesting and relevant topic in a supply R&D teams are utilized to develop technologies, improve services
chain, especially for retailers. Many business models on pricing and operations. Thus, understanding how R&D teams perform
have been developed in recent years. One of the pricing strategies successfully is the focus of this study. Psychological safety could
is for the retailers to markdown product price in order to induce facilitate team learning because team members are not afraid to
larger replenishment from the buyers. The effect of markdown make mistakes and then teams could perform better. Therefore,
product price is even more obvious for deteriorating items with this study analyzes psychological safety in team performance and
price‐dependent demand. To increase sale, price is marked down examines the mediated effect of team learning on psychological

60
safety and team performance in technology R&D teams. Our the R&D with new product and profit is needed.The Analytic
research model is assessed using data from a sample of 100 Hierarchy Process (AHP), expected to be an effective
members of 60 technology R&D teams and is analyzed using decision‐making support tool, was applied to evaluate R&D
partial least squares (PLS) method. The results of this study themes at an early stage. The correlation was obtained between
indicate: (1) psychological safety has an effect on team the R&D results and AHP scores. The AHP was found to be an
performance and (2) team learning mediates the relationship effective tool for decision‐making of R&D as a gate of each early
between psychological safety and team performance. This study stage.
also discusses implications for technology R&D teams, based on
the results of this study.

Framework on Corporate Culture in Knowledge Management
Introducing Collaborative Design into Television Programs Li Zhang1, Xiao Han Mei1, Dan Wang1
Chang‐Lin Yang1, Rong‐Hwa Huang1, Shan‐Ping Chuang2
This paper describes the conceptual model on corporate culture
and knowledge management. Based on the 7‐s model, this paper
The government plans to stop analogue broadcasting for TV and conceptualizes corporate culture, and conceives a model that
switch to digital broadcasting. Regarding scientific and describes the corporate cultural change process. A second model is
technological development, this move will change the operations offered for corporate cultural change in the context of knowledge
mode, the organizational framework and the relationship between management implementation where self‐imposing mechanism
media and audience in the media industry. Numerous media plays a critical role. The paper finally delineates the innovation
managers are actively introducing new information technology, stages embedded in the second model and proposes possible
particularly synchronous computer network technology, to help in measures for corporate cultural change at each stage. The results
program design, production and broadcasting to improve show that there is a significant correlation between corporate
efficiency and effectiveness and reduce costs and operation time. cultural change and knowledge management, and there are
This study introduces collaboration to television program design possible measures for corporate cultural change in the context of
and operations. This study also proposes a framework for knowledge management.
integrated planning and control of information systems to
integrate information and resources related to TV programs. This
study hopes that the synchronous collaboration model can help A Comparability Approach to Item Reduction in Computerized
reduce design and operation time for TV programs. Adaptive Testing
Swit Phuvipadawat1, Warakorn Gulyanon1, Pakinee Aimmanee1, Thanaruk
Theeramunkong1
The Effect of Technology Life Cycle on Technology
Management
Weiwei Wu1, Bo Yu1 Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) is a widely used computer
1Harbin Institute of Technology, China based testing that can classify examinees according to their
abilities. The question sent to each examinee depends on his/her
This study aims at providing theoretical and practical insights answers to previous questions. One drawback is that CAT is not
into the effect of technology life cycle on technology management. suitable for a small examination pool since it may not guarantee to
Based on literature review and analysis, we hypothesize that cover all topics. The purpose of this study is to introduce a new
technology life cycle will exerts influences on the mode and adaptive testing method called Comparable Item Reduction CAT
significance of MOT. To examine our hypotheses, we collected which has many attractive features such as the ability to operate
data by conducting a survey of 51 firms in China. Our analyses on an item pool whose size is fixed and to assure that all topics are
show that in different technology life cycle stages, emphases of distributed equally and efficiently. The result is the test that is
MOT will vary, and MOT will exert different influences on firm shorter in length and accurate in each examineeʹs ability
performance. Further, we conclude the mechanism of technology estimation.
life cycle affecting MOT. The study culminates with a discussion
of implications and further research.
Knowledge Sharing and Performance in Technology R&D
Teams: A Mediated Effect of Knowledge Integration
Trust Relationships in Inter‐organizational Learning Alliance ‐ Chi‐Cheng Huang1, How Chin1, Pin‐Chen Jiang1
Using the Bicycle Industryʹs A‐team as Example
Luan‐Ying Wei1, Chung‐Hsiung Fang2, Guan‐Li Chen2
1Takming University of Science and Technology, Taiwan R&D teams develop new techniques and products to raise
2National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
organizational competitiveness. Thus, understanding how R&D
teams perform successfully is the emphasis of this study. The
Trust has been an important deterrent to opportunistic behavior contribution of knowledge sharing is direct when it helps to solve
between organizations and a substitute for hierarchical problems in teams. Furthermore, shared knowledge needs to be
governance with market and efficiency implications (Larsson, integrated with membersʹ own knowledge bases when performing
1998). The focus of this study is to discuss the trust relationship in R&D tasks. This study analyzes knowledge sharing in team
the R&D alliances. In order to explore this theme, this study performance with the mediated effect of knowledge integration in
employed the case study methodology. The data collection technology R&D teams. Our research model is assessed using data
methods include the deep interviews and document analysis. We from a sample of 100 members of 60 technology R&D teams and is
choose is the inter‐organizational bicycle R&D team called A‐Team. analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) method. The results of
Through thematic and conceptual analysis of the interview data, this study indicate: (1) Knowledge sharing positively affects team
we present and describe how the A‐Team built up the trust performance in technology R&D teams. (2) Knowledge integration
mechanism. mediates the relationship between knowledge sharing and team
performance in technology R&D teams. This study discusses
implications for the technology R&D teams based on the results of
Research and Development Evaluation at an Early Stage Using this study.
the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Hiroki Kamoda1, Shigetoshi Sugawa2
1Omron Corporation, Japan
2Tohoku University, Japan
A KM Approach to Competitive Positioning
Asleena Helmi1, Zainal Ahmad2
1Swinburne University of Technology, Malaysia
Problems seem to be emerged that the outcomes of research and 2University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
development (R&D) do not relate to new products and profit in
the manufacturing industries. Generally, the R&D targets and The common de facto of a business entity has traditionally
their specifications cannot be clearly set by engineers because they stemmed along the acquisitions of profit, planning and
need to design new product and its specifications several years in performance. This universal goal to strive for business excellence
advance. At an early stage of R&D which is important to build remains unchanged. Nonetheless the emerging notions of
competitive priority, an evaluation method securely connecting business‐web and technological innovations, have changed the

61
rules of business engagement and companies are compelled to Built‐to‐Order and Make‐to‐Stock Competition with Dynamic
reevaluate their perceptions of value propositions to achieve Behavior of Demand
success. Malhotra (2005) purports that while planning for the Kristianto Nugroho Yohanes1
1University of Vaasa, Finland
future is important, a company should not rely on its plans.
Moreover competition today is between collaborative networks
rather than between companies (Kotler, Jain and Maesincee,2002). This paper studies built‐to‐order (BTO) and make‐to‐stock (MTS)
Knowledge is deemed as a strategic resource to achieve competition under dynamic demand. Market leader who operates
competitive advantage. Business organizations should focus on under MTS (time postponement) and follower by build‐to‐order
new knowledge management business drivers that emphasize (form postponement) are manufactured according to the common
core competencies such as communication building technologies platform. Postponement competition is taken into consideration
and tacit capabilities mainly people networks and on‐the‐job from a motivation to avoid cannibalization among products and
learning. The intent of this paper is to examine the alignment of improves postponement competitiveness (product price and
knowledge as a strategic in order to enhance firms competitive market share). This paper benchmarks between dynamic and
positioning particularly among companies in Malaysia. static pricing game. The first simulation results show that
dynamic game is superior over Cournot‐Stackelberg. The second
result shows that product substitutability gives significant impact
The Modes of University‐Industry Collaborative Innovation In to postponement competitiveness (price, quantity and profit). The
Service: A Case Study from China final part of the paper concludes the results and outlines future
Jin Chen1, Weiwei Ye1 research direction is discussed.

Based on the analysis of modes of university‐industry
collaborative innovation in manufacturing industry and
innovation characteristics in service, this thesis puts forward a
fresh way to classify university industry collaborative innovation
in service into four modes from two different perspectives. The
basic characteristics of the four modes are compared. By looking
at a typical case, this thesis suggests that during the process of
collaborative innovation in service, the modes of collaborative
innovation evolve from one phase to another. It is with practical
significance for developing countries to realize transition of
innovation main body from university to enterprise through
output of universityʹs technology and knowledge and enterpriseʹs
effective absorption, and to finally make the enterprise the real
innovation main body.

The Delphi Method as a Tool for Analysing Technology
Evolution: Case Open Source Thin Computing
Ville Ryynanen1, Matti Karvonen2, Tuomo Kassi2
1Helsinki Institute of Physics, Finland
2Technology Business Research Centre, Finland

The main goal of this paper is to show how the Delphi method
works as a management tool when an initiative is planned to be
developed and commercialized. The paper also provides insights
how thin computing and open source can affect the future IT
infrastructure development. The primary data was collected in a
three round Delphi study. The chosen Delphi panellistsʹ consist of
the following interest groups: 1) Developers of open source thin
computing, 2) Industrial experts, 3) Representatives of academic
institutes. Results reveal that open source thin computing
represents a promising alternative in the IT infrastructure
development. The Delphi method represents a workable research
tool in technology management field to capture multifaceted and
enriched view about industry evolution.

Collaborative Resources in Innovation and Global Competition:
Profitability Implications
Matti Tuominen1, Petri Parvinen1, Joel Hietanen1, Henrikki Tikkanen1
1Helsinki School of Economics, Finland

We argue in this paper that in expanding global competition,
when the knowledge base of products and markets is complex
and the sources of performance advantages are widely dispersed,
the locus of innovation will be found in inter‐firm collaboration,
rather than in individual firms. By examining the role of firm
resources and capabilities in innovation and business relationship
management, we put forward a
collaboration‐innovation‐performance model and derive
hypotheses that link various findings in the literature on
ʹmarket‐oriented innovationʹ. We test these hypotheses on a
sample of 5627 firms across different industries both in the
manufacturing and service sector in 13 countries. Results support
our hypotheses and have implications for practice and future
research on firm resources in innovation and inter‐firm
collaboration.

62
Author Index

A CHEN, Qi p.41 GENG, Xiaoqing p.49
CHEN, Shou p.59, 52 GERDSRI, Nathasit p.25
ABBAS, Aisha p.37 CHEN, Tiejun p.42 GEUM, Youngjung p.47
ABDUL KAREEM, Sameem p.39 CHEN, Yiche G. p.47 GOH, Mark p.51
ABDUL RAHMAN, Azizah p.41 CHEN, Yongqiang p.32 GOH, T. N. p.33
ADEBANJO, Dotun p.37 CHEN, Yue‐Yang p.49 GOH, Thong Ngee p.53
AHMAD, Zainal p.61 CHEN, Ze‐Hui p.47 GOLOVATCHEV, Julius p.35, 50
AHN, Jungon p.33 CHENG, Haiqing p.47 GOTO, Hiroyuki p.57, 52
AILIN, Maizura p.27 CHENG, Sheng‐shyr p.50 GRIENITZ, Volker p.35
AIMMANEE, Pakinee p.61 CHENG, Xu p.39 GULYANON, Warakorn p.61
AKHAVAN, Amir Nasser p.27 CHENG, Y. T. p.46 GUNDAY, Gurhan p.44
ALLOUCHE, Erez N. p.41 CHENG, Yu‐Shan p.32 GUO, Aifang p.45
ALPKAN, Lutfihak p.44 CHI, Hui‐Ju p.38 GUPTA, Aparna p.55
AMMARAPALA, Veeris p.39 CHIANG, Ming‐Yang p.54 GUPTA, Daya p.41
ANGLBERGER, Norbert p.33 CHIN, Christina May May p.33 GUTIERREZ, Ernesto p.34
ANOKHIN, Sergey p.30 CHIN, How p.61
ASIF, Muhammad p.36 CHIN, Siong Sheng p.60
ASKOUNIS, Dimitrios p.31 CHIRATHAMJAREE, Chaiyaporn p.57 H
ASVIAL, Muhamad p.48 CHIU, Wen‐Hong p.38
ATTASARA‐MASON, Paul p.57 CHO, Changkyu p.47 HABIB, Mamun p.51
CHO, Young Sung p.37 HABIBI BADRABADI, Ali p.41
CHOI, Changwoo p.54 HAMPDEN‐TURNER, Charles p.26
B CHOI, Hoogon p.33 HAN, Junghee p.40
CHONGJAREONJAI, Thirinpa p.58 HANG, Chang Chieh p.26
BADRI, Hossein p.33 CHONGPEEPIEN, Tienchote p.39 HASHMI, Muntazim p.55
BAGHERI, Ali p.27 CHOU, Jerome Chih‐Lung p.34 HASIDA, Koiti p.38
BAHMANI, Zeinab p.37 CHOUDHARY, Muhammad p.37 HASSAN, Alaa p.36
BAHN, Sangwoo p.47 CHU, Ching‐Ya p.60 HE, Xiyang Daniel p.35
BAI, Hua p.52 CHU, Tsai‐Hsin p.26 HE, Yubing p.45
BAITIANG, Chanasak p.57 CHUANG, H. C. p.46 HE, Zhen p.53, 56
BAKER, Oras p.39 CHUANG, Shan‐Ping p.61, 42 HELMI, Asleena p.61
BAO, Liwei p.29 CLAYDEN, Judy p.57 HERSTATT, Cornelius p.34, 50
BARATI, Samaneh p.55 CLEMENT BUYUT, Veronica p.41 HEYDAR, Mojtaba p.52
BASHIRI, Mahdi p.33 COELHO, Manuel p.43 HIETANEN, Joel p.62
BASSETTO, Samuel p.55 CRUZ MACHADO, V. p.58 HJ PAKIR, Mohamed Ismail p.51
BEI, Wu p.50, 38 HO, Chengter p.34
BENADE, Siebert J p.25 HONG, Chin‐Gi p.35
BIGDELI, Elnaz p.37 D HORNSBY, Adrian p.30
BINTI MOHD YUSUFF, Rosnah p.52 HOU, Dongchao p.44
BLUME, Volker p.35 DAIM, Tugrul p.25 HOU, Sheng‐Tsung p.29, 26
BOUTELLIER, Roman p.45 DALZIEL, Margaret p.46 HSIAO, C.T. p.44
BUDDE, Oliver p.35, 50 DANTAN, Jean‐Yves p.36 HSIAO, Chun‐Hua p.47
BUNNO, Teruyuki p.45 DE BRUIJN, Erik p.46, 36 HSIAO, Feng‐Yuan p.42
BUSE, Stephan p.50 DE SOUZA, Robert p.51 HSIEH, Chih‐Hung p.43
DEDEHAYIR, Ozgur p.30 HSU, Chao‐Jung p.56
DEPLAZES, Ursula p.45 HSU, Chiao‐Jung p.42
C DEPLAZES, Wolfgang p.45 HSU, J. M. p.47
DESHPANDE, Anand p.36 HSU, Lien‐An p.44
CAI, Ning p.50 DING, Yi p.48 HSU, Mu‐Yen p.46
CAI, Shun p.51 DIRKER, H G p.60 HSU, Tsung‐Shin p.42
CAO, Yiying p.35 DONG, Ying p.46 HU, Hanhui p.45, 27
CHAI, Chunlai p.39, 56 DUAN, Yibing p.44 HU, Qing Pei p.41
CHAI, Kah Hin p.48, 48 HU, Shengrong p.48
CHAIGUSIN, Suchira p.57 HU, Shenping p.55
CHAINRABUTRA, Srisit p.36 E HUANG, Chi‐Cheng p.61, 60
CHAN, Edmund p.60 HUANG, Chin‐Yu p.56
CHAN, Felix T. S. p.58, 52 EBRAHIMNEJAD, Sadoullah p.33 HUANG, Hui Hua p.44
CHAN , Kuan Yoong p.33 EYNARD, benoit p.36 HUANG, Hui‐Ling p.49
CHAN, Mei Cheng p.48 HUANG, Jiangming p.40
CHANG, Chen‐Tsang p.54 HUANG, Lucheng p.25, 27
CHANG, Jun‐Ru p.56 F HUANG, Rong‐Hwa p.59, 61
CHANG, Lei p.60 HUANG, Yueh‐Chuen p.31
CHANG, Pao‐Long p.44 FANG, Chen‐Ling p.59 HUANG, Zuqing p.38
CHANG, Sue‐Ting p.32 FANG, Chung‐Hsiung p.32, 61 HUBAC, Stéphane p.55
CHANG, Yunxia p.58 FANG, Qangen p.55 HUNG, Chia‐Liang p.34
CHANSA‐NGAVEJ, Chuvej p.36 FENG, Xiaoyang p.37 HUNG, Hsu‐Feng p.44, 32
CHATE, Uday p.36 FENG, Yunxia p.40
CHATTINNAWAT, Wichai p.36 FILHO, Mozart p.58
CHEN, C.Y. p.47 FILIPE, J. A. p.43 I
CHEN, Ching‐Hsun p.56 FIROUZI, Fatemeh p.52
CHEN, Chun‐An p.42, 59 FISSCHER, Olaf p.36 IAMRATANAKUL, Supachart p.33
CHEN, Dao p.39 FRISANCO, Thomas p.33 IDOTA, Hiroki p.45
CHEN, Dawei p.60 FU, Xiaozhou p.46 IKEDA, Yuichi p.50
CHEN, Guan‐Li p.32, 61 FUNK, Jeffrey p.29, 30 ISIDRO, Edmundo p.29
CHEN, Hongtao p.45 IZUMI, Noriaki p.38
CHEN, Hui‐Fen p.26
CHEN, James K.C. p.47 G
CHEN, Jin p.28, 29, 32, 42, 45, 46, 50, 62
CHEN, L. K. p.46 GAO, Jinyong p.25
CHEN, MingNan p.53 GAO, Ruoyang p.58

63
J LI, Yanfu p.33 NI, Xudong p.40
LI, Yan‐Ru p.54 NUANGJAMNONG, Chompu p.57
JABBARI, Nooshin p.27 LI, Zhuoxin p.35 NUANMEESRI, Sumitra p.57
JADIDI, Omid p.52 LIANG, yanhong p.54
JAHANSHAHI, Hediye p.41 LIM, Joon S. p.39
JANHAGER, Jenny p.34 LIN, Chu‐Ti p.56 O
JANZIK, Lars p.34 LIN, Dechang p.47
JARVENPAA, Heini p.27 LIN, Jenn‐Wei p.56 OGAWA, Masaru p.45
JEON, Jeonghwan p.54 LIN, Jun‐Wei p.56 OH, Hyungsik p.47
JEUNG, Heunsik p.33 LIN, Liang‐Hung p.30 OJANEN, Ville p.48
JIA, He p.48 LIN, Shang‐Ping p.31 OLUNDH SANDSTROM, Gunilla p.34
JIANG, Jui‐Chin p.42, 59 LIN, Sin‐Yi p.47 ORTQVIST, Daniel p.30
JIANG, Pin‐Chen p.61, 60 LINDGREN, Peter p.27 OSIKA, Renata p.31
JIANG, Ping p.56, 58 LIU, Bingsheng p.41 OU, Su‐hua p.26
JIAO, Roger p.59, 59 LIU, Bor‐Shong p.35 OUYANG, Lishu p.31, 55
JIAO, Y.‐Y. p.59 LIU, Ching‐Yi p.35 OUYANG, Taohua p.40
JIN, Jun p.45, 46 LIU, Fang p.58
JITTRAPANUN, Thawatchai p.29 LIU, Hongjiu p.59
JU, Fanghui p.30 LIU, Jun p.60 P
JUNGTHIRAPANICH, Chamnong p.51 LIU, Liwei p.40
LIU, Weisheng p.28 PAN, Jing p.32
LIU, Wen‐Chung p.59 PANG, Mingbao p.51
K LIU, Xiaoyan p.41 PARK, HeungSun p.43
LIU, Xuefeng p.40 PARK, Yongtae p.47, 54
KABOLI, Amin p.51 LU, Qiang p.35, 60, 47 PARVINEN, Petri p.62
KACHIASHVILI, Kartlos p.55 LU, Qing p.51 PASATCHA, Parichat p.57
KAISER, Lorenz p.54 LU, Ting‐Chun p.44 PATANAKUL, Peerasit p.33
KAJEWSKI, Stephen p.40 LU, Tingjie p.42 PEDRO, Maria p.43
KAMODA, Hiroki p.61 LURSINSAP, Chidchanok p.39 PENG, Rui p.41
KANG, Ilmo p.40 LYU, JrJung p.53 PENG, Xinmin p.48, 30
KANG, Seung Hwan p.38 PENG, Xuebing p.40, 30
KANT, R. p.49 PERCIVAL, Jennifer p.58
KAO, C. S. p.59 M PEREIRA, A. p.58
KARVONEN, Matti p.62 PHAAL, Rob p.35
KASAHARA, Munenori p.57, 52 MA, Fei p.34 PHUVIPADAWAT, Swit p.61
KASEMSOMPORN, Jumroon p.36 MA, Jianhong p.54 PIRHONEN, Veikka p.49
KASSI, Tuomo p.62 MA, Lihui p.44, 58 PONGPANICH, Pongtiwa p.42
KAUSHAL, Satyapal Jee p.41 MACHIKITA, Tomohiro p.46 PRAKASH, Gyan p.52
KAWASAKI, Kazumasa p.28 MAJ, Paul p.57 PRETORIUS, Jan‐Harm C p.60
KELEMENIS, Alecos p.31 MAKINEN, Saku p.49 PRETORIUS, Leon p.25, 60
KELLMEREIT, Daniel p.50 MAKOUI, Ahmad p.33 PROBERT, David p.35
KHAN, Nawar p.37 MANLEY, Karen p.40 PUTRI, Nilda Tri p.36
KHOH, Soo Beng p.53 MAO, Haijun p.52 PENARD, Thierry p.48
KILIC, Kemal p.44 MAO, Runqing p.49
KIM, Chulhyun p.54 MARTIN, Patrick p.36
KIM, Hyunsoo p.43 MCFALLAN, Stephen p.40 Q
KIM, Jongseong p.33 MʹCHIRGUI, Zouhaier p.48
KIM, KwangJin p.40 MCLEAN, Michael p.58 QIN, Xiansheng p.35
KIM, Song‐Kyoo p.53 MEHDIZADEH ASHRAFI, Ali p.31
KLUBSUWAN, Katanyoo p.39 MEI, Xiao Han p.61
KONDO, Masayuki p.28 MEMONGKOL, Napisporn p.36 R
KONG, Yang p.44 MICHAELIDES, Roula p.56
KOSAVISUTTE, Kitti p.42 MILES, Michael p.31 REZAIIAN FARDOIE, Sedigheh p.37
KRUGER, Sunita p.25 MILI, Aymen p.55 RITZEN, S p.34
KUMAR, Vikas p.52 MILOSEVIC, Dragan p.33 ROHRBECK, R. p.25
KUMMAMURU, Supriya p.58 MISHRA, Nishikant p.52 ROUCOULES, Lionel p.36
KYOMOTO, Naoki p.54 MISRA, Harekrishna p.37 RYU, Keun Ho p.37
MISRA, Sunil p.31 RYYNANEN, Ville p.62
MO, Yan p.27
L MOHAMMADI, Shahriar p.55, 41
MOJIBI, Toraj p.31 S
LAI, Hong Feng p.41 MOJTAHEDI, Seyed Mohammad Hossein
LAI, Kin Keung p.59, 52 p.33, 52 SADIQ, Mohd p.41
LAOSIRIHONGTHONG, Tritos p.58, 36 MORTON, Susan p.56 SALAM, Mohammad Asif p.51
LAU, Sim Kim p.38 MOTOHASHI, Kazuyuki p.37 SANGUANSINTUKUL, Siripun p.39
LAWSIRIRAT, Chaipat p.55 MOUSAVI, Seyed Meysam p.33, 52 SANGWAN, Sunanda p.42
LEABSUETRAKOOL, Panadda p.58 MOUSAVI, Seyed Smaeil p.52 SANIEE MONFARED, Mohammad Ali
LEE, Cheol p.47 MUEED, Abdul p.55 p.37
LEE, Ching‐Fang p.26 MUNGSING, Surasak p.39 SANTOS, Andre p.58
LEE, Hwey‐chyi p.31, 55 MUSELLI, Laure p.54 SAVETPANUVONG, Phannaphatr p.39
LEE, JaeKyung p.43 SCHEELA, William p.29
LEE, Keon Myung p.49 SEPPANEN, Marko p.49
LEE, Pei‐Chun p.25 N SHAMSUDDIN, Alina p.51
LEE, Sang‐goo p.43 SHANKER, Kripa p.52
LEE, Sang‐Hong p.39 NAGI, Kuldeep p.49 SHARIFI, Hossein p.28
LEE, Yu‐Chien p.43 NAKAMURA, Sachiko p.54 SHENG, S. C. p.42
LEE, Zoonky p.43 NARAYANA PILLAI, Rajeev p.60 SHI, Kun p.35, 60
LEEDHIRAKUL, Supatsinee p.58 NARAYANAN, Hari p.53 SHIA, B. C. p.46
LI, Jia p.40 NASIEROWSKI, Wojciech p.27 SHIH, Hui‐Chuan p.31
LI, K. p.59 NATHAN, Ganapathy p.49 SHU, Kai‐Yu p.34
LI, Wenkai p.51 NAYAK, Malaya Kumar p.59 SHU, Tong p.59, 52
LI, Xuhong p.60, 52 NG, Szu Hui p.41, 57 SIADAT, Ali p.51, 36, 55

64
SIADAT, Seyed Hossein p.41 WANG, Keqin p.34, 36 Z
SIEBRA, Clauirton p.58 WANG, Lin p.48, 30
SILVA, Fabio p.58 WANG, Liying p.32 ZAKUAN, Norhayati p.36
SINGH, M. D. p.49 WANG, Luzhuang p.29 ZARE HOSSEINI, Saeede p.41
SINTHAVALAI, Runchana p.36 WANG, Shouyang p.59, 52 ZHANG, Gang p.58, 29
SIRAT, Djamhari p.48 WANG, Xueqing p.41 ZHANG, Hai Yun p.53
SOMSUK, Nisakorn p.42 WANG, Yi p.39 ZHANG, Huangao p.56
SONG, Joobong p.47 WANG, Yida p.38 ZHANG, Li p.60, 61
SONI, Pavan p.30, 49 WANG, Yingjing p.45 ZHANG, Peng p.58
SPOWAGE, Andrew p.33 WANG, Yonggui p.48 ZHANG, S.C. p.46
SRIVASTAVA, Kailash B. L. p.31 WANG, Zhiwei p.42 ZHANG, Xiao p.40
STEENHUIS, Harm‐Jan p.46, 36 WANG, Zhong Ming p.40 ZHANG, Xiaodi p.49
SU, Hsin‐Ning p.25 WANG, Zongrun p.55 ZHANG, Zhe p.43
SUESAOWALUK, Poonphon p.59 WEBER, Marcel p.44 ZHAO, Erdong p.40
SUGAWA, Shigetoshi p.61 WEE, Hui Ming p.60 ZHAO, Songzheng p.49
SUH, Yongyoon p.47 WEI, Luan‐Ying p.61 ZHAO, Wenyan p.56
SUN, Cui p.49 WEI, Zihui p.44 ZHAO, Xin‐ping p.51
SUN, Huacan p.60 WIBOONRAT, Montri p.42 ZHOU, Feng p.59
SUN, Jianguang p.44, 25 WIDIAWAN, Kriswanto p.28 ZHOU, Qi p.47
SUN, Zhu p.48 WIDYADANA, Gede Agus p.60 ZHOU, Ying p.46
SUNAT, Komrhon p.57 WINCENT, Joakim p.30 ZHOU, Yuan p.26
SUNDARAKANI, Balan p.51 WU, Chia‐Chen p.35 ZHU, Ge p.42
SUSATYO, Benny p.48 WU, Ching Shou p.28 ZHU, Pengfei p.53
SWAINSTON, Michael p.40 WU, Feifei p.27 ZOPE, Nikhil p.58
WU, J. J. p.41
WU, Ji p.42
T WU, Jiaying p.29
WU, K. Y. p.41
TAKEDA, Haruo p.50 WU, S. H. p.46
TAN, Angela p.59 WU, Shuli p.46
TAN, Ivan p.48 WU, Weitao p.55
TAN, Kay Chuan p.47 WU, Weiwei p.61
TAN, Run‐hua p.44, 25, 58, 56, 54 WU, Xiaobo p.41
TANAKA, Masaki p.57, 52 WU, Zengyuan p.50, 38
TANG, Sai Hong p.52 WU, Zhang p.53
TANG, Xifeng p.52
TANLAMAI, Uthai p.39
TAO, Tingting p.45 X
TAO, Yan p.48
TAPANINEN, Aija p.27 XIANG, Yiming p.41
TAVAKKOLI‐MOGHADDAM, Reza p.51 XIAO, Yong Song p.40
THEERAMUNKONG, Thanaruk p.61 XIE, Junyan p.40
THOM, Nico p.25 XIE, Ling p.51
THORGREN, Sara p.30 XIE, M. p.33
TIKKANEN, Henrikki p.62 XIE, Yujuan p.53
TING, Kang Nee p.33 XIN, Yan p.48
TIWARI, M. K. p.58 XIONG, Chengjie p.57
TIWARI, Rajnish p.50 XIONG, Li p.40, 29
TOMITA, Hiroyuki p.50 XU, Heng p.49
TONG, Shurong p.34, 49, 36 XU, Jiuping p.43
TONG, Xin p.32 XU, Mengzhou p.50
TRZMIELAK, Dariusz p.46 XU, Qingrui p.46
TSAI, Hector Ming‐Ta p.35 XU, Xianlong p.34, 35
TSAI, Yao‐Chuan p.28
TSENG, Fan‐Chen p.38
TSENG, Hsien‐Yu p.35 Y
TSENG, Shun‐Yao p.48
TSUJI, Masatsugu p.46, 45 YANG, Bojun p.25
TUOMINEN, Matti p.62 YANG, Chang‐Lin p.59, 61, 42
YANG, Chyan p.47, 48
YANG, Linyuan p.40
U YANG, Mei p.53
YANG, Rui p.46
UEKI, Yasushi p.46 YANG, Zhong p.40
ULUSOY, Gunduz p.44 YAO, Chunxu p.40
YAO, Shanji p.48
YAO, Tao p.49
V YAO, Wei p.28
YE, Weiwei p.62
VEAL, David p.57 YEO, Terence p.60
VIALLE, Pierre p.30 YIN, Hong p.47
YIN, Rui Qiang p.40
YOHANES, Kristianto Nugroho p.62
W YOON, Chui Young p.49
YU, Baoqin p.49
WAN, Xing p.27 YU, Bo p.61
WANG, C. F. p.47 YU, Dan p.26
WANG, Chih‐Chien p.43 YU, Xiangzhen p.46
WANG, Chunhsien p.30 YUN, Myung Hwan p.47
WANG, Dan p.60, 61 YUSOF, Shaʹri Mohd. p.36
WANG, Di p.43
WANG, Hongwei p.47

65

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