S.S.

TUTORIAL
Biotechnology (Life Science)
13-Tegore Nagar,Behind Big shop
Govindpuri,Gwalior M.P.
Mob.9301180165, Ph: 0751-4060165

SYLLABUS FOR JNU(CEEB)/IIT JAM/IISc/TIFR & VARIOUS OTHER

INDIAN UNIVERSITIES

LIFESCIENCE-
Morphology of flowering plants-
The root,stem,leaf,inflorescence,flower,fruit,seed,dispersal of seedsand fruits,defence
mechanism in plants,description of some important plants,some economic important
plants in India.
Internal structure of angiospermous plants- The tissue,tissue system,internal
structure of dicot and monocot plants,secondary growth.
Introduction of systematics and classification of plants-
Classification of plants,detail description of thallophyta, bryophyte, pteridophyta,
gymnosperms,angiosperms with representative units and their life cycle.

Cell and cell division- (Tools and Technique)- Microscopy, Variation in the optical
microscope.Cell fraction.

(The cell: The Basic unit of life)- Cell as a basic unit of life.Discovery of cell. Cell
Theory. Unicellular and multicellular organism.

(Structure of the Cell)- Prokaryotic cell and its organisation.Eukaryotic cell and
organization.

(Molecules of the Cell)- Inorganic substance. Organic compound.cell adhesion and

junctions, cytoskeletons.

(Cell cycle)- cell cycle.Mitosis.Meiosis.

Classification of Animals- Some General Features of Animal. Classification of
Animal..
Animal Tissues- Types of Tissues. Epithelial Tissues. Connective Tissue. Muscle
Tissue. Nervous Tissue.

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 Pollution and Global Environmental Change- Kinds of Pollution. Air Pollution:
Sources, types and Effects. Control of Air Pollution. Water pollution: sources, Types
and Effects. Improving water Quality. Soil pollution. Noise pollution. Environmental
Laws for controlling pollution. Global Environmental change. International initiative
for Mitigating Global Change.
Natural Resources and their Conservation- Classification of Natural Resources.
Soil Resource. Water Resource. Land Resources. Forests. Grasslands. Wetlands.
Energy Resources. Marine Resources. Mineral Resources. Forests and wildlife laws.

Genetics- (Genetic Basis of Inheritance) Inheritance: Heredity and Variation. Pre-

Mandelian ideas about Inheritance. Gregor Mendel and his Theory of Inheritance.
Genetic Term and Symbols. Methods of Analysis. Rediscovery of Mendel`s Work.
Post-Mendelan Era: other patterns of Inheritance. Two Gene Interactions. Polygenic
Traits. Pleiotropy.

(Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance)-Parallelism Between Genes and chromosomes.

Chromosome Theory of inheritance. Independent Assortment versus Linkage.
Crossing over. Recombination. Chromosome Mapping: Astep towards a Genetic Map.
Sex-Linked Inheritance. Bases of sex Determination. Genetic Variation. Prokaryote
chromosome. Eukaryote chromosome. Human Genetics.

(Nature of Gene: Its Expression and Regulation)- Nature of Genetic material. DNA
and its structure. RNA and its structure.DNA and Gene. Gene Expression.
Central Dogma of Molicular Biology. Genetic code. Molecular Mechanism of
Mutation. Regulation of Gene Expression. House-keeping Genes. Differntion and
Development. Cancer and oncogenes.

Genetic Engineering, Cloning and Genomics)- Genetic Engineering. Cloning.

Transgenics. DNA Fingerprinting. Genomics. Gene Libraries and Gene Banks.

Origin and evolution of Life- Origin of Life. The Meaning of Evoliton. Ideas of
Evolution before Darwin. Evidence of Evolution. Theories of Evolution. Modern
views of Darwinism. The Genetic basis of Adaptation. Speciation and
Isolation.Species Concept.

Physiology of Plant- (Plant water Relation) - Water Potential. Absorption and

movement of Water.Theories of water translocation. Transpiration. Opening and
closing stomata.
(Plant Nutrition)- Essential Mineral Elements.Sources of Essential Element. Role of
Micro-Nutrients. Mechanism of Absorption of Element. Translocation of Solutes.
Metabolism of Nitrogen. Hetrotrophic Nutrition.
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 (Photosynthesis)- Historical Perspective. Site for photosynthesis. The photochemical
and Biosynthesis phases. Photorespiration. C4 Pathway. Crassulacean Acid
Metabolism. Factors Affecting photosynthesis. Significance of Photosynthesis.
Chemosynthesis.
(Respiration)- Types of Respiration. Respiratory Ratio or Quotient. Mechanism of
Respiration. Pentose Pathway. Compensation point.
Plant hormone: auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, ethylene

Physiology of Animal-
(Animal Nutrition)- Food and Nutrient of Animal. Method of Nutrition in Animals.
Digestive system of Human. Hormonal control of Digestion in Humans. Absorption
and Assimilation of Digested products in Human. Egestion. Nutritional Requirements
of Human. Nutritional Deficiencies and Disorders.
(Respiration in Animals)- Gaseous Exchange in Animals. Respiration in Humans.
Regulation of Respiration. Respiratory Disorders.
(Circulation in Animal)- Open and closed system. Circulatory system of cockroach.
Blood vascular system of humans. Lymphatic system. Electrocardiogram. Pacemaker.
Disorders related to the circulatory system.
Osmoregulation and excretion in Animal- Osmoregulators, Elimination of
Nitrogenous wastes. Simple Tubular systems. Complex Tubular system. Mechanism
of urine formation. Regulation of kidney function by feedback circuits. Micturition
and constituents of urine. Hemodialysis and kidney Transplantation. Role of lungs in
Excretion. Role of liver in Excretion.
Movement and Locomotion in Animals- The Basic type of Movements.
Locomotion in Humans. Disorders of Bones.
(Nervous coordination and Integration in Animals)- nervous system of cockroach and
human, PNS and ANS, reflex action, sensory reception and processing.
(Chemical coordination in animals)- Endocrinology and molecular mechanism of
hormone action.
Reprodution, Growth and Development) - (Modes of Reproduction. Vegetative
Reproduction. Sexual Reproduction. Incompatibility. Special modes of Reproduction.
(Plant Growth and Movements)- Dormancy and seed Germination. Characteristics
of Growth. Conditions for Growth. Phases of Growth. Measurement of Growth.
Growth Regulators. Photoperiodism. Vernalisation. Senescence. Abscission. Plant
movements.
Reproduction and Development in Animals)- Major Types of Reproduction.
Asexual Reproduction. Deviation in the Reproductive strategies. Human
Reproductive system. The Events of Human Reproduction.
Growth, Regeneration and Ageing)- Growth. Regeneration. Ageing: The Biology of
Senescence.
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 Ecology and Environment- (Organisms and the Environment)- Levels of
organization. Environment, Habitat and niche. Environmental factors. Ecological
Adaptations.
(Population, Biotic community and Succession)- Population. Ecological
interdependence and Interactions. Biotic community organization. Succession.
(Ecosystem: Structure and Function)- Ecosystem-components. Ecosystem-
structure and function. Productivity. Decomposition. Energy flow. Ecological
pyramids. Ecological efficiencies. Nutrient cycling. Ecosystem-Nitrogen cycle.
Ecosystem- Phosphorus cycle. Major Biomes.

Biology in Human Welfare- (Human Population and Health) - Exponential

Growth and Human population explosion. Environment and Human population
pressure. Development and environment. Human population Growth. Human
Reproductive health. Adolescence. Mental health. Population as a Resource.

Biochemistry- amino acids, peptides , protein structure, proteins denaturation,

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids,vitamins and disease caused by deficiency of
vitamins, introduction of glucose metabolism, overview of protein and lipid
metabolism.

(Genetic improvement and Disease control)- Phenotype. Improved varieties.

Development of new varieties. Germplasm collection and conservation. Heterosis and
Inbreeding depression. Mutation breeding. Polyploidy in crop improvement.
Breeeding for Nutriional quality. Breeding for Disease resistance. Animal breeding.
Hybrids. Plant Disease and their control. Animal Disease and their control.

(Plant tissue culture and Biotechnology)- Plant tissue culture. Biotechnology.

Genetically modified crops. Genetically modified Food. Sustainable Agriculture.
Biopatent. Biopiracy. Biowar. Bioethics.recombinant DNA technology, useful
enzymes genetic engineering,c-DNA library,blotting techniques,PCR,human genome
project.

(Immune system and Human Health)- Innate and Acquired Immunity.

Innate(Nonspecific) Immunity. Acquired Immunity. Clonal selection and primary and
secondary Immune Responses. Lymphoid organs. Vaccination and Immunisation.
Blood groups. Organ Transplants and antibodies. Immune system disorders.

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 (Biomedical Technologies)- Diagonostic Images. Monitoring of Body’s vital
functions. Biochemical Autoanalysers. Diagnostic kits. Endoscopy. Laser
microsurgery. Cancer biology and Therapy. Transplantation. Haemodialysis.
Prosthesis. Replacement surgery. Cryosurgery. Immunotherapy. Hormone therapy.
Gene therapy. Detection of HIV infection. Detection of sexually transmitted diseases.

Microbiology- sterilization techniques, classification of microorganism’s

.Introduction of bacteria, PPLO, virus, fungi and parasites and disease caused by
them.

Chemistry- Linear graph equation and its variations ,Basic concept of chemistry,
Mole concept,Molecular and Empirical formula,Atomic Structure. Radioactivity.
Periodic Table and properties of s,p,d,f block elements. Chemical Bonding. Oxidation
& Reduction. Gaseous state. Solution. Chemical kinetics. Chemical Equilibrium.
Acid, Base & salt. Ionic Equilibrium. Thermodynamics. Thermochemistry.
Electrochemistry. Stoichiometry. Solid state. Surface chemistry. Coordination
compounds.Stereochemistry of carbon compounds,inductive,electromeric,conjugative
effect and resonance,hydrocarbons,alkyle halides,alcohols,aldehydes and
ketones,carboxylic acid,amines and their derivatives,aromatic hydrocarbon,halides
,nitro and amino compounds,phenols,diazonium salts,carboxylic acid and sulphonic
acid,mechanism of organic reations,soaps and detergents,synthetic
polymers,biomolecules –carbohydrates,proteins,vitamins,lipids,nucleic
acid,,instrumental techniques-chromatography,electrophoresis,uv-visible,IR,NMR
spectroscopy.

Physics-(10+2 lavel) vector and measurements,kinematics,law of

motion,work,energy and power,electrostatics,current electicity,maganetic effect of
current and magnetism,electromagnetic induction and alternating
current,electromagnetic waves,optics,dual nature of matter and radiations,atomic
nucleus,solids and semiconductor devices,principle of
communication,,gravitation,mechanics of solid and fluid,heat and
thermodynamics,oscillations,waves,

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 Mathematics(10+2 lavel)- Sets, Relation and Functions, Mathematical Induction,
Logarithms, Complex numbers, Linear and Quadratic equations, Sequences and
Series, Trignometry, Coordinates, Straight lines and Family, Circles, Mathematical
Logic, Statistics, Three Dimensional Geometry, Vectors, Stocks, Shares and
Debentures, Average and partition Values, Index numbers, Matrices and Determinets,
Boolean, Algebra, Probability, Functions, limits and Continuity, Differention,
Application of Differential Equations, Elementary Statics and Dynamics, Partnership,
Bill of Exchange, Linear programming, Annuities, Application of calculus in
commerce and Economics,

Just Think…

Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his
goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude.
Thomas Jefferson

Try not to become a man of success but a man of value.

Albert Einstein

The ability to convert ideas to things is the secret to outward success.

Henry Ward Beecher

Go confidently in the direction of your dreams. Live the life you have
imagined.
Henry David Thoreau

Just think……If he can do then why not I?

S.S.Tutorial,Govindpuri,Gwalior,M.P.

A Place to achieve new horizon...

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