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5a. Magnetism
Due: 11:00pm on Sunday, February 7, 2010
Note: To understand how points are awarded, read your instructor's Grading Policy.
Part A
If the wire is lowered farther from the compass, how does the new angle of deflection of the north pole of the
compass needle compare to its initial deflection?
Hint A.2 Find an expression for the magnetic field's magnitude produced by a conductor
Which of the following expressions gives the magnitude of the magnetic field , produced by a conductor
carrying a current , at a distance from the axis of the conductor? In the equations below, let denote the
permeability of free space.
ANSWER:
As you discovered, the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by a straight conductor carrying a current
decreases with the distance from the conductor. Therefore, what will be the effect on the north pole of the
compass needle as the wire is lowered farther away from the compass?
ANSWER: It is smaller.
As the distance between the wire and the compass increases, the magnetic field produced by the wire weakens.
Therefore, the north pole of the compass needle will deflect away from its original direction (determined by
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Part B
With the wire back at its initial location, you connect a second identical battery in series with the first one. When
you close the switch, how does the new angle of deflection of the north pole of the compass needle compare to its
initial deflection?
Hint B.2 Find how the emf delivered to the circuit changes
When a second battery is added in series with the first one, how does the potential difference across the wire
change?
ANSWER: It increases.
What is the effect of a larger potential difference between the ends of the wire on the current passing through
it?
ANSWER: It increases.
Because the batteries are connected in series, a larger emf will be delivered to the circuit, causing the wire to
draw a larger current. How does the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by a conductor carrying a
current change as a function of the current?
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where denotes the permeability of free space.Therefore, the magnetic field's magnitude is directly proportional
to the current in the conductor.
ANSWER: It is larger.
Since the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the wire increases due to the larger current flowing
through the wire, the compass needle will detect a stronger magnetic field, and the north pole of the needle
will deflect away from its original direction by a larger angle.
Part A
A charged particle moving through a region of magnetic field experiences a magnetic force. This force is directed
perpendicular to both the velocity vector and the magnetic field vector at the point of interaction. The requirement
that the force be perpendicular to both of the other vectors specifies the direction of the force to within an
algebraic sign. This algebraic sign is determined by the right-hand rule. To employ the right-hand rule:
If the charge is positive, your thumb is now pointing in the direction of the force as shown.
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If the charge is negative, the force is in the direction opposite your thumb.
ANSWER:
up
down
The direction of the magnetic force on a positive charge is the direction in which your middle finger is
pointing.
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Draw the vector starting at the location of the charge. The location and orientation of the vector will be
graded. The length of the vector will not be graded.
ANSWER:
View
Part B
ANSWER:
up
down
The direction of the magnetic force on a positive charge is the direction in which your middle finger is
pointing.
Draw the vector starting at the location of the charge. The location and orientation of the vector will be
graded. The length of the vector will not be graded.
ANSWER:
View
Part C
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ANSWER:
up and to the right
up and to the left
down and to the right
down and to the left
The direction of the magnetic force on a positive charge is the direction in which your middle finger is
pointing.
Draw the vector starting at the location of the charge. The location and orientation of the vector will be
graded. The length of the vector will not be graded.
ANSWER:
View
Part A
Determine the direction of the force on the charge due to the magnetic field.
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A charged particle moving through a region of magnetic field experiences a magnetic force, unless the velocity
and magnetic field are parallel. If the velocity is parallel to the magnetic field, then the force is zero. Otherwise,
the direction of the force can be found by using the right-hand rule.
1. Open your hand so that it is completely flat, and point the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the
velocity vector.
2. Rotate your wrist until you can bend your fingers to point in the direction of the magnetic field.
3. The direction of your outstretched thumb is the direction of the magnetic force on a positive charge.
Part B
Determine the direction of the force on the charge due to the magnetic field.
1. Open your hand so that it is completely flat, and point the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the
velocity vector.
2. Rotate your wrist until you can bend your fingers to point in the direction of the magnetic field.
3. The direction of your outstretched thumb is the direction of the magnetic force on a positive charge.
ANSWER:
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Part C
Determine the direction of the force on the charge due to the magnetic field. Note that the charge is negative.
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Part A
Which particle (if any) is neutral?
ANSWER:
particle A
particle B
particle C
particle D
particle E
none
Part B
Which particle (if any) is negatively charged?
ANSWER:
left
right
ANSWER:
particle A
particle B
particle C
particle D
particle E
none
Part C
Rank the particles on the basis of their speed.
A charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field follows a circular trajectory. By Newton's second law, the
magnetic force acting on the particle must be equal to the product of its mass and acceleration:
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In our scenario, the velocity and field vectors are perpendicular, so . Also, since the particle
moves along a circular path, the acceleration must equal the expression for centripetal acceleration:
Thus, the speed of a particle can be determined by measuring the radius of its circular path in a known magnetic
field, assuming that you also know the charge and mass of the particle.
ANSWER:
View
Part D
Rank the particles A, B, C, and E on the basis of their speed.
Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
ANSWER:
View
Part E
Now assume that particles A, B, C, and E all have the same magnitude of electric charge. Rank the particles A, B,
C, and E on the basis of their speed.
Particles A, B, C, and E are charged. A charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field follows a circular
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trajectory. The speed of the particle has two distinct effects on the radius of its circular path. First, the faster the
particle moves, the larger the magnetic force acting on it, by
and therefore the larger the force needed to keep it in its circular path.
ANSWER:
View
The Cyclotron
Description: Several qualitative and quantitative questions: radius and frequency of revolution, energy of the
particles. Focuses on classical model but last follow-up statement makes reference to relativistic model.
Particle accelerators are used to create well-controlled beams of high-energy particles. Such beams have many uses,
both in research and industry.
One common type of accelerator is the cyclotron, as shown in the figure. In a cyclotron, a magnetic field confines
charged particles to circular paths while an oscillating
electric field accelerates them. It is useful to understand
the details of this process.
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Part A
Before entering the cyclotron, the particles are accelerated by a potential difference . Find the speed with
which the particles enter the cyclotron.
Express your answer in terms of , , and .
ANSWER:
=
Part B
Find the radius of the circular path followed by the particles. The magnitude of the magnetic field is .
Express your answer in terms of , , , and . You may or may not use all these variables.
ANSWER:
=
ANSWER:
=
ANSWER:
=
Part C
Find the period of revolution for the particles.
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The period is the amount of time it takes a particle to make one complete orbit. Since the speed of the particle is
constant, the period will be equal to the distance the particle travels in one orbit divided by the particle's speed:
.
ANSWER:
=
Note that the period does not depend on the particle's speed (nor, therefore, on its kinetic energy).
Part D
Find the angular frequency of the particles.
Recall that the frequency of revolution is equal to ; it represents the number of revolutions a particle
makes per second. The angular frequency is equal to ; it is the number of radians the particle traverses per
second.
ANSWER:
=
Part E
Your goal is to accelerate the particles to kinetic energy . What minimum radius of the cyclotron is required?
Find an expression for the speed of a particle in terms of its kinetic energy .
ANSWER:
=
You can now substitute this value for into your expression for from Part B.
ANSWER:
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Part F
If you can build a cyclotron with twice the radius, by what factor would the allowed maximum particle energy
increase? Assume that the magnetic field remains the same.
ANSWER:
=
ANSWER:
2
4
8
16
Part G
If you can build a cyclotron with twice the radius and with the magnetic field twice as strong, by what factor would
the allowed maximum particle energy increase?
ANSWER:
=
ANSWER:
2
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4
8
16
One limitation of the cyclotron has to do with the failure of the laws of classical mechanics to accurately
predict the behavior of high-energy particles. When their speeds become comparable to the speed of light ,
the angular frequency is no longer what you determined in Part D. Using special relativity, one can show that
the angular frequency is actually given by the formula
As you can see, the frequency drops as the energy (and speed) increases; the particles' motion falls out of
phase with the pulsating voltage, restricting the cyclotron's ability to accelerate the particles further
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 0%.
You received 0 out of a possible total of 5 points.
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