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a
x z
y
b
Assume perfectly conducting walls and perfect dielectric filling the
wave guide.
Convention : a is always the wider side of the wave guide.
© Amanogawa, 2001 – Digital Maestro Series 240
Electromagnetic Fields
E
E
a
b
TEm0 TE0n
TEmn
TMmn
The remaining modes are TE and TM modes bouncing off each wall,
all with non-zero indices.
2
c
2 2
m
n
a b
with indices
2 2
g z
z 2 2
2
m
n
a b
2 2
fc
1
1
c f
1 1 1 1
v pz
z 2 2
fc
1
1
c f
The complete field components for the TE10 mode are then
x j z z
E y Eo sin e
a
1 E y j z z
x j z z
Hx Ey Eo sin e
j z j a
1 E x j
x j z z
Hz Eo cos e
j z a a
with
2
2
z
a
1 *
1
P ( t ) Re E H Re{ Eo sin
x j z z
a
e iy
2 2
E
z *
x j z z j *
x j z z
( Eo sin e ix Eo cos e iz )}
a a
a
*
H
E 2 2 "
1 o z 2
x E o
x
x
Re sin iz j sin cos #
a
2
a a a $
2
Eo z 2
x
sin iz
2 a
Eo2 z 2
x
P( t ) sin iz
2 a
2 2
a b Eo z 2
x E
Ptot ( t ) % dx% dy sin o z ab
0 0 2 a 4
1
fc TE01
2b
1
fc TE20 2 fc TE10
a
a 1
If b fc TE01 fc TE20 2 fc TE10
2 a
Mono-mode bandwidth
0 fc TE10 fc TE20 f
fc TE01
a
If a b fc TE10 fc TE01 fc TE20
2
Mono-mode bandwidth
a
If b fc TE20 fc TE01
2 Mono-mode bandwidth f
Useful bandwidth f
0 fc TE10 fc TE20 f
fc TE01 fc TE02
In the case of perfectly square wave guide, TEm0 and TE0n modes
with m=n are degenerate with the same cut-off frequency.
For b=a/2, TE01 and TE20 have the same cut-off frequency.
1 c c 2 c 3 10 8
fc (TE01 ) & Hz
2b o o 2b 2 a a a
1 c 3 108
fc (TE20 ) & Hz
a o o a a
fc (TE01 ) fc (TE10 )
f fc (TE10 )
2
fc (TE10 ) fc (TE01 )
10.0 GHz
2
8 8
1 3 10 3 10
10.0 109
2
2 a a
2 a
a 2.25 10 m b 1.125 10 2 m
2
j z z
e
In the general case of TEmn modes it is more convenient to start
from an assumed intensity of the z-component of the magnetic field
H z Ho cos x x cos y y e j z z
m
n j z z
Ho cos x cos y e
a b
E j H
E y j z E y j H x (1)
iˆx iˆy iˆz z
det E x j z E x j H y (2)
x y z z
E x E y 0
E y E x j H z (3)
x y
H j E
H z j zH y j E x (4)
iˆx iˆyiˆz y
det j zH x H z j E y (5)
x y z x
H x H y H z
H y H x j E z 0 (6)
x y
From (1) and (2) we obtain the characteristic wave impedance for
the TE modes
Ex Ey
TE
Hy Hx z
At cut-off
2 2
m
n
z 0 2 fc
a b
vp 1 2
fc c
c c 2 2
m
n
a b
In general,
2 2 2
2
m
n 2 4
z 1
a b c
2 2 2
2
2
z 1
c
2 1 2
TE
o
1
z
c
We have used
2
1 1 1
c
2 z2 x2 2y
m 2
n 2 2
a b
E x
TE H y
n
c 2
m
n j z z
j
TE z Ho cos x sin y e
b 2 a b
E y
TE H x
m
c 2
m
n j z z
j
TE z Ho sin x cos y e
a 2 a b
Ez 0
j z z
e
In the general case of TMmn modes it is more convenient to start
from an assumed intensity of the z-component of the electric field
E z Eo cos x x cos y y e j z z
m
n j z z
Eo cos x cos y e
a b
E j H
E z j z E y j H x (1)
iˆx iˆy iˆz y
det j z E x E z j H y (2)
x y z x
E x E y E z
E y E x j H z (3)
x y
H j E
iˆx iˆy iˆz
j zH y j E x (4)
det j zH x j E y (5)
x y z
H x Hy 0 H y H x j E z (6)
x y
From (4) and (5) we obtain the characteristic wave impedance for
the TM modes
Ex Ey z
TM
Hy Hx
The same cut-off conditions found earlier for TE modes also apply
for TM modes.
2
z
TM
o 1
c
Ey
E z j z E y j H x j
y
TM
1 E z 1 E z
Ey
j /
TM j z y y
j j z
z
2
E z j z
c E z
Ey 2 j z
2 y
z 2 y
Ex
j z E x E z j H y j
x
TM
2
E z j z
c E z
Ex 2 j z
2 x
z 2 x
m
c 2
m
n j z z
E x j z Eo cos x sin y e
a 2 a b
2
n
c
m
n j z z
E y j z Eo sin x cos y e
b 2 a b
m
n j z z
E z Eo sin x sin y e
a b
H x E y /
TM
z n
c 2
m
n j z z
j Eo sin x cos y e
TM b 2 a b
H y E x /
TM
z m
c 2
m
n j z z
j Eo cos x sin y e
TM a 2 a b
Hz 0
Note: all the TM field components are zero if either βx=0 or βy=0.
This proves that TMmo or TMon modes cannot exist in the
rectangular wave guide.
z Side view
x Cross-section
y E
y z
Top view
x
H
E H
Closed end
TE10