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Wayfinding

Oliver Tomlinson - Autumn term 2009


Contents

Discovery phase
page 2 Background to the project
page 3 Induction to the site
page 4 Site visits
page 8 Mental mapping
page 11 Site users
page 12 Discovery phase conclusions

Transformation phase
page 14 Modular signage concept
page 16 Wayfinding imagery
page 18 Site zones and naming
page 19 Zone pictograms
page 20 Building function pictograms
page 22 Stencil concept

Making phase
page 26 Final pictograms and signage templates
page 28 Induction map
page 30 Wayfinding locations and signage specifications

Appendices
page 33 Appendix A - mental maps

Oliver Tomlinson - Autumn term 2009


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Wayfinding 1
Background to the
project
Kier Group is involved in building, civil engineering, opencast
mining, facilities management, residential and commercial
property investment, and PFI project investment.

One of Kier's business sectors, Kier Property, have created a


joint venture with Invista Real Estate to develop a major HQ
office campus in the heart of Reading city centre. The
scheme, Reading Central, will comprise three buildings
totalling over 670,000sq ft and will be one of the Thames
Valley's highest profile office schemes.

Reading Central One, the first phase of the scheme, is a ten-


storey modern office building totalling 219,000sq ft.
Construction started in January 2008 and is due to be
completed in February 2010.

The challenge
Reading Central One has been chosen for this wayfinding
project due to the challenges involved in an ever changing
environment. A construction site will have many different
users from many different backgrounds, each with their own
requirements and goals. The workforce will change as the
building develops, so any wayfinding system will need to
adapt to these changes.

Most importantly, the site needs to be a safe place to work.


There must be no ambiguity in site signage as this is an
environment where a simple mistake could have catastrophic
outcomes.

Project goals
Ÿ
To understand how users navigate around a construction
site
Ÿ
Create user profiles and understand their individual
requirements
Ÿ
Identification of key information points around Reading
Central One
Ÿ
Design a wayfinding system that is easily understood by
newcomers to the site
Ÿ
Produce an adaptable 'Design guide to wayfinding on
construction sites' for Kier

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Induction to the site

To gain entry to the site I would need to be accompanied at all


times, but before this happened I wanted to experience the
entire process a new user would have to undergo before being
allowed onto site; this is the site induction.

On any construction site, Kier will induct workers so they are


aware of key health and safety issues and good working
practice. The induction was carried out in the site office once
I'd gained entry through the turnstile in the security hut using
a palm identification system.

Ÿ
There were 10 inductees of which 50% were foreign
workers
Ÿ
The induction room was decorated on all walls with Kier
marketing materials such as photos from past and present
construction schemes
Ÿ
The inductor gave his presentation at the end of the table
using an A3 portable flipchart, with most pages consisting
of multiple bullet points
Ÿ
There was mention of welfare at 'the bottom of the hill'
Ÿ
Designated mobile phone safe zones and smoking areas
were explained
Ÿ
There is to be no urinating on site; we were asked to use IDEA Entrance to the site is through a
Could simplify the map, including turnstile in the security hut.
the toilets provided vital information, and use as a Access is granted after your palm
Ÿ
We were shown a map of the site (a CAD plan with handout. It would need to illustrate has been read (palm reader on the
ever-present elements of the site right of the turnstile).
elements added) and told where the fire muster point was.
It was not made clear where we were in relation to the point Also note the variable messaging
sign above the doorway just
Ÿ
Site specific safety issues were mentioned such as debris inside. This is to give warnings of
stairway closures in the main
blowing onto the railway line, no parking on site, and
building. I didn’t notice this sign
storage of chemicals; but no illustration of locations of on my first visit - probably due to
the overload of information as I
these were shown walked in.

Following the induction, the inductor took the new workers


out on site to find their individual subcontractor supervisors;
the supervisors would then explain where to go.

FINDINGS: Induction process


Ÿ
Potential language issues
Ÿ
Confusing maps – too detailed to learn quickly
Ÿ
Emergency numbers and contacts not remembered
Ÿ
Navigation mostly by word of mouth
Ÿ
Information needs to be absorbed quickly and easily by
the user – there have been 2000 different workers on site
since October 2009

Wayfinding 3
Site visits

Once inducted, I was able to be accompanied around the site


to evaluate the current wayfinding and signage strategies. On
my first visit I took photos as I walked around and asked a
number of people to create 'mental maps' of the site as a
whole rather than just focusing on the construction building.
Conclusions from the mental mapping exercise can be found
in the next section, and the actual maps can be seen in
Appendix A.

Site plan in final stages of construction Subcontractors offices and


welfare facilities including a
October 2009 catering area and drying /
changing room (2 levels)

3x entrances Catering
into main building trailer Toilets - subcontractor Fire muster point

Reading Central One Cable and Wireless buildings: Not in use


(10 floors high with
2 basement levels)

Forbury Road

Site boundary Kier site offices Security hut with Pedestrian footpath Deliveries entrance
(2 levels) palm reader
(single level)

Staff entrance: There is Gate keepers office


very limited parking
available so most staff
enter the site on foot
Project timescale
2008 2009 2010

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Route from outside, through security hut and


subcontactors office to main building

10
11
12
9

13 20
8

6
7
5

4
2 3

Forbury Road

1 2 3 4 5

Entrance to the site viewed from the First set of warnings through first Door into security hut - no labels to Inside the security hut. Palm reader Briefing boards where daily workload
road crossing. Site office with Cable door. Note large list of site safety rules define the entrance. on right of turnstile and lots of visual is discussed and issues raised with
and Wireless building behind. and directional signs to security hut - clutter on walls. subcontractors.
too much information.
6 7 8 9 10

Maps updated on briefing boards - Homemade signage - laminated A4. Path ‘down’ to subcontractors offices Crossing the road to the Inside the welfare facilities.
these maps can become messy and welfare. subcontractors offices. Gateway is a
due to hand drawn data. good warning. Smoking behind steps.

11 12 13 14 15

Catering trailer and path defined by Inconsistent signage from different Protecting a new duct using fencing Fire exit on roof - route not clear / Illustrating tone of voice - ‘for your
fencing. subcontractors - different colours and coloured tape - lack of signage shut off. safety’.
and styles can portray different does not highlight the danger.
meanings.
16 17 18 19 20

Paths defined by spray paint on the Each floor has a notice board with Signage on waste bins - laminated Modular fire point on each floor. Directions in words - legibility could
ground. safety advice, fire routes and signs are damaged easily. be an issue for foreign workers.
emergency eye wash unit.

Wayfinding 5
Route from outside, through delivery entrance
and down past storage area to subcontractors

12 11 5
7 6
10 9
8

1 2

Forbury Road

1 2 3 4 5

Looking down the road towards the Delivery entrance gates. Land rented Looking into deliveries area - lack of View down road towards Cable and Fire muster point on corner of road -
deliveries entrance - small entrance from Cable and Wireless site. signage may be problematic for Wireless building. green sign.
sign on lighting column causes materials deliveries.
legibility issues for deliveries.
6 7 8 9 10

Entrance into materials storage for Materials on either side of the road. ‘Homemade’ spill kit near fuel storage Travelling under the Cable and Waste bins on right, under the Cable
site. area - a good idea if consistent Wireless building. and Wireless building.
throughout the site.

11 12

Waste labelling. Smoking area (straight ahead) and


toilet facilities (on right).

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Route from subcontactors office then around the


main building

4 3 2 1
5
6

10 11
12

13
20
14
17 19
15 16

18

Forbury Road

1 2 3 4 5

View from 1st floor of subcontractors Entrance to perimeter path around All overhead works have seclusion Exclusion zone. Well used path. Railway line to the
office. Catering trailer on right and the main building. Bright colour is an zones to protect people below from right behind fencing.
main building on left. effective contrast. falling debris. Logos on warning signs
are common.
6 7 8 9 10

Warning signs on exclusion zone. Looking back towards railway line and More subcontractor branding / Danger of death - standard signage New paths evolving during the build.
bridge. Potential landmarks outside signage - too many sign styles. used.
building perimeters.

11 12 13 14 15

Narrow paths around exclusion zones Overhead works - dangers found Some fencing is wrapped to prevent Movable edges leading to a hidden Path between the fixed hoarding and
- pathways are always changing not just at ground level, but also damage from flying debris. Signage path entrance. the movable fencing.
as the site develops. at height. needs to be clear behind this mesh.

16 17 18 19 20

Sprayed wayfinding in perimeter - Site offices with Cable and Wireless Sprayed reference letter relates to grid Movable edges. Edge between the main building (left)
sprayed paths work well indoors building behind. system on actual plans. Hoarding is a and the site offices (right).
but are quickly degraded outside. good location as it is consistent
throughout the construction.

Wayfinding 7
Mental mapping

When asking ground workers to complete a mental map (a Upon my second trip to the site I focused on staff within the
map drawn from memory) I was confronted with an site office, and changed my approach slightly. Instead of just
unwillingness to put pen to paper; all the participants claimed asking for a mental map, I also asked questions on site
that they 'could not draw'. However, once started they still navigation to tease out more landmarks and focus points.
illustrated key areas even if they had only been on site for one These users were mainly engineers and this had a marked
day. effect on the mental map accuracy.

This is a map was created by a


new member of the site workforce
on his first day. Orientation of the
N elements in his local area is good,
however the scale is incorrect with
the smoking area twice as big as
the subcontractors offices; this
would indicate this man is a
smoker.

Also note the position of the


railway line. The railway is a
defined edge of the site but can
only be seen from the upper levels
of the main building; this may show
that this worker has been working
here during his first day.

This map was created by an


engineer who is responsible for
N

managing the ground works staff;


he has been on site for 2.5months.

The map is very detailed and


shaped well but, as per many of
the samples, it doesn’t include the
‘other building’, deliveries road or
fire muster point. It is focused on
this persons elements of work; this
is shown as he highlights
waterproofing area, H-cradles and
even a hole.

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User role Which route would you take What features on the site are What is the busiest route on
Time on site from your place of work to most memorable to you? the site?
the fire muster point?

Receptionist Ÿ
Go out of the site office Ÿ
The ‘little box' I work in! From the main entrance to
4 months on site front doors the subcontractors office
Ÿ
Turn left at end of steps
Ÿ
Follow the path around to
the right
Ÿ
Walk to assembly point
A number of people refer to going
Site engineer Ÿ
Walk down steps Ÿ
Construction building Around the perimeter ‘down’ the path, this spacial
12 months on site Ÿ
Past the briefing board Ÿ
Site office hoarding characteristic obviously aids the
Ÿ
Down the path past the Ÿ
Main gate mental image of this route.
retaining wall Ÿ
Turnstiles
Another point to mention here is
Ÿ
Through the gate the Cable and Wireless building;
Ÿ
Straight along the road the name seems to confuse users
Ÿ
Telewest building on the of this site - some calling it
right Telewest or just the ‘other’
building.
Ÿ
Down to the car park

Labourer Ÿ
From entrance turnstile go Ÿ
Construction building toilets Security hut to
12 months on site down the walkway Ÿ
Glass lifts subcontractors office
Ÿ
Past the offices and
concrete beam
Ÿ
Turn right along the
walkway at the
subcontractors offices and
past the skips
Ÿ
Straight along the road

External works engineer Ÿ


Leave the office down the Ÿ
Planters (he built them) Down the ramp and past the
2.5 months on site stairs Ÿ
Mast climbers canteen
Ÿ
Go down the ramp with the Ÿ
Slab and hole (been
main building on your left working on it this week)
and fence on your right
Ÿ
Past store on your left
Ÿ
Turn right at the crossing in
front of the subcontractors
office
Ÿ
Go under covered road with
stores on the left
Ÿ
Carry on and the muster is
directly in front of you
The only person to walk out of the
Quantity surveyor 1 Ÿ
Leave the office Ÿ
Construction building Security to the site and along the road to the fire
19 months on site Ÿ
Go through security subcontractors office and muster point; this may be due poor
Ÿ
Along main road then to the main entrance of spacial awareness of the quickest
Ÿ
Turn left at gate to the other the building route.
building

Quantity surveyor 2 Ÿ
Down back staircase Ÿ
From a distance the BMU Welfare into the building (past
13 months on site Ÿ
Down the path past the (building maintenance unit), the canteen)
signs on hoarding on a local level the
Ÿ
Turn right with welfare in excavators
front
Ÿ
Go under the Cable and
Wireless building
Ÿ
Go to top end of compound

FINDINGS: Mental mapping exercise


Ÿ
Mapping ability varied greatly between different user types
Ÿ
Users with little understanding of the site, or low mapping
ability, would start the map from where they were and
work outwards. Users with better special perception
would start the map with an outline of the site and work in,
as if from an aerial view
Ÿ
Users would focus specifically on areas they knew best,
and these areas would often be a larger scale than the rest
of the map

Wayfinding 9
Analysis of the mental maps enabled me to create a map
highlighting the five elements described by Kevin Lynch, i.e.
paths, edges, nodes, districts and landmarks. The definition
of these elements follows below:

Paths Nodes
Places where the observer moves, often associated Strategic points of entry that are a focus of users
with a concentration of special use, or remembered attention; an area of decision making during their
by their spatial qualities, e.g. an incline. journey.

Edges Landmarks
Linear breaks in continuity that are not considered A point of reference, distant or local. They are a
as paths by the user. They are important barriers singled out element to aid navigation. Lynch
that can hold together generalised areas. mentions that the user cannot enter a landmark;
however, for this project the buildings are often
Districts landmarks in their own right so I shall label them as
Areas that the user can ‘enter inside of’. They are individual landmarks.
often defined by their physical and thematic
characteristics.

Ground staff and traffic


4 way crossover from
Construction zone main entrance to
Railway line subcontractors offices
Mobile phone safe zones
Construction perimeter

The map has been cropped to


allow the necessary detail to be
displayed. Due to the main site
being in this area most users will
not have a need to see the rest;
however, the route to the fire
Reading Central One Cable and Wireless muster point MUST be illustrated.

Roundabout

Briefing board Main entrance via


security hut and
turnstile

General public footpath

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Site users

SITE KNOWLEDGE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9

Waste and recycling

Goods in / materials
Entrance / security

Main building and

Fire muster point


Subcontractors /
Briefing board

Staff parking
welfare area
Site office

grounds

area

area
Work danger Site

hut
level induction
Makers
Tradespeople HIGH Site users have been split into 5
different groups: Makers,
Drivers/movers HIGH Designers, Organisers, Supporters
and Visitors.
Labourers HIGH
Each user group has slightly
Designers different interests and site
Engineers MEDIUM knowledge, but all must have a
good understanding / image of
Technicians MEDIUM their whereabouts on site. The
larger circles represent site areas
Organisers of more importance based on the
user requirements.
Project managers MEDIUM
Foremen MEDIUM
Finance and legal LOW
Supporters
Administration LOW
Catering LOW
Cleaning LOW
Security MEDIUM

Visitors
Directors LOW
Prospective tenants LOW
Goods deliveries MEDIUM

The diagram below highlights key


areas by user-need and knowledge
requirement. It is especially
important to highlight the site
entrance, security hut, main
construction building,
subcontractors office and fire
muster point.

5 6 7
8
9
4

2
1

Wayfinding 11
Discovery phase
conclusions
Analysis of the site has shown the following points:
Ÿ There is a varied ability of site understanding by the users;
this is complicated by the large number of foreign workers.
Ÿ The site is continuously adapting to change, so any
wayfinding solution must be flexible enough to cope with a
variety of user flows.
Ÿ Key landmarks have been identified and these should be
constant throughout the build, as should key paths.
Ÿ A number of references were made to the spacial
characteristics of the path from the entrance to the
subcontractors offices; a mapping solution would need to
illustrate this gradient.
Ÿ Signage on site is inconsistent, with varied tone of voice.
This is due to the number of different users creating
bespoke, in-house signage.
Ÿ Most signs are produced as text warnings - would this be
understood by all the users?
Ÿ The focus of the mapping area should be around the
construction site with references to the location of external
points such as materials storage and fire must point.

By creating an efficient and understandable signage system


around the site, users of all backgrounds will have an
increased perception of the hazards, and locations, of key
landmarks. User flow will be more efficient and new starters
will be able to quickly adapt to the new environment. If the
system were to be rolled out across a number of sites, then
signage and naming conventions would be imbedded in user
memory by giving the construction site it’s own environmental
brand.

Next steps
Ÿ
Naming conventions for areas
Ÿ
Create a simplified, adaptable map
Ÿ
Explore flexible signage systems and define typeface,
pictograms and tone of voice

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Wayfinding 13
Modular signage
concept

This concept acts as a frame to


hold signage printed and
laminated in-house, therefore it is
constrained to A4 size.

It would need to be very robust yet


adaptable to different locations;
being made from a recycled
polymer and shaped in a ‘jig-saw’
pattern with drilled fixing points will
solve these issues.

KEY DESIGN POINTS:


• Flexible
• Adaptable
• In-house content
• Robust for harsh environments

IDEA:
To link the top section (used for the
pictogram) with the bottom text
element, it would be wise to use a
white material for the middle bar.

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1 Signage designed on-site


from a template

2 A4 printed and laminated in-house

3 Signage inserted according to


defined guidelines 4 Arranged and fixed into position

Wayfinding 15
Wayfinding imagery

The map below shows signage found on site that currently


conforms to BS 5499. Stocksigns catalogue (where these
signs have been imported from) states that, ‘BS5499 signs
satisfy all current UK legislation and communicate best
practice for meeting the management of health and safety in
the workplace’. Due to the health and safety regulations
involved on a construction site, in all cases possible I shall
conform to these recognised national standards.

All other site signs currently used have been created in-house
and consist mainly of type. Where I have found an option in
the Stocksigns catalogue I have highlighted this on the map.

Options

Option

Options

Option

Option

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The colours used in construction site signage should conform


to International Standards Organisation (ISO) guidelines. The
information below has been found in the Stocksigns
catalogue.

Prohibition
A red circular band with diagonal cross bar on a white
background, the symbol within the circle to be black denoting
a safety sign that indicates that a certain behaviour is
prohibited.

Hazard
A yellow triangle with black border and symbol within the
yellow area denoting a safety sign that gives warning of a
hazard.

Mandatory
A blue circle with white symbol denoting a sign that a specific
course of action must be taken.

Fire equipment
A red rectangle or square with symbol in white denoting a
safety sign that indicates the location of fire fighting
equipment.

Safe condition
A green rectangle or square with symbol or text in white
denoting a safety sign providing information about safe
conditions.

By comparing photos of users with


existing pictograms, I have
adapted the style to illustrate a
worker. I’ve highlighted the hard
hat, high visibility clothing, and
steel toe-cap boots.

Adding a little detail to the profile


enables the pictogram to have a
focus on tasks or objects.

Wayfinding 17
Site zones and naming

To allow efficient movement through the site, it is necessary to Other areas to include are more specific to certain users. They Even though some locations will
not be required by all users, it is
create a naming convention for the various buildings and are spread to the right of the main map; they include: Waste still necessary for them to
areas; pictograms should also be included to prevent and Recycling, Materials Zone, Deliveries, and Visitor understand their relative locations
to create a good mental image of
language barriers. Parking (not to be made available for general staff). the site.

Construction Zone The colour choice in these areas


has been chosen to match the Kier
Ÿ
All areas within the site Notes: Key words:
brand corporate colour palette.
The site is a hazardous area so all ŸDanger
boundary health and safety issues must be ŸHazard
visible and adhered to. ŸMultilingual ITC Franklin Gothic is the
Ÿ
Also highlights the actual corporate typeface.
ŸConstruction
construction building The construction zone includes all ŸBuild
Ÿ
Excludes other buildings areas of travel around the site, and the ŸEvolving
construction building itself.

This is the focus area for this


wayfinding project.

Site Entry
Ÿ
Security hut Notes: Key words:
Main entry to the site on foot, this is a ŸEntry
Ÿ
Entry palm reader corridor from the outside to the ŸHectic
Ÿ
Turnstiles Construction Zone. ŸConfusing and daunting
ŸInformation overload
The first area staff will engage with, it is ŸSecurity
a mix of new starters and long term ŸTimesheets
workers.

The palm reader logs time in and out


as staff pass through the turnstiles.

Site Office
Ÿ
Kier management team Notes: Key words:
Central control of the site and it’s ŸControl
Ÿ
Design team continued design. The Site office has ŸManagement
Ÿ
Reception area a number of functions and is the first ŸMulti-function
stop after entry for new starters. ŸOrganisation
Ÿ
Induction room ŸInformation
Ÿ
First aid room ŸInduction

Welfare Buildings
Ÿ
Subcontractors offices Notes: Key words:
These buildings are the hub of the ŸBuilding / construction hub
Ÿ
Food trailer construction works and ŸSubcontractors
Ÿ
Canteen areas subcontractors areas. ŸBusy
ŸDirty
Ÿ
Clothes drying room They offer a rest and base for site ŸRest area
Ÿ
Toilets workers throughout working hours.

Ÿ
Smoking area

Phone Zones
Ÿ
3 areas on site where Notes: Key words:
Mobile phone use on sites has been ŸSafe
phone use is permitted found to contribute to many accidents; ŸCommunicate
for this reason they are not permitted ŸPhone
anywhere except within buildings and ŸAccident reduction
the mobile phone safe zones.

Fire Muster
Ÿ
A shared area with the Notes: Key words:
The fire muster point is located past ŸWalk
neighbouring building - the materials area, a short walk from ŸSafe
200m the main site. Ÿ’Off site’
located in the car park

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Zone pictograms

Pictograms follow the colours set by the zones and are used
to identify them quickly and efficiently, hopefully without the
need for associated text descriptions.

Where possible, site pictograms are to be relative to the


workers and the tasks they perform. This will give them a
bespoke feel but could be something replicated across all Kier
building sites. Buildings are styled as porta cabins, and figures
instil safety values such as hard hats and hi-viz clothing. Representing the buildings was not
effective as they look too similar;
instead the functions within them
are illustrated, e.g. project
programme for site office.

Circles are used to define these


spaces as the ‘top layer’ of the
zones. Functions within these
spaces will be illustrated differently.

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Site Entry Site Entry Site Entry Site Entry Site Entry
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

Site Office Site Office Site Office Site Office Site Office
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Welfare Welfare Welfare Welfare Welfare


Buildings Buildings Buildings Buildings Buildings
4.1 4.2

Phone Zone Phone Zone


5.1 5.2

Fire Muster Fire Muster


Wayfinding 19
Building function
pictograms
1.6 2.6 3.6 Site Entry, Site Office, and the
Welfare Buildings all have activities
associated with them. To aid user
understanding I have created
pictogram concepts of these
activities.

The pictograms are designed to be


specific to construction workers,
and be of a notably different style
to the statutory signage.

Site Entry Welfare


Site Office Buildings

1.6.1a 2.6.1a 3.6.1 3.6.5a NOTE:


Due to the need of male and
female workers to wear the same
personal protective equipment, it is
difficult to differentiate for the toilet
signage.

Subtle changes were used but are


found not to differentiate enough
(3.6.5b); instead a modification of
the AIGA toilet symbol (3.6.5c)
appears to be read more efficiently

Palm Scan First Aid Subcontractors


Toilets
(3.6.5d).

Room Office

1.6.1b 2.6.1b 3.6.2 3.6.5b

Palm Scan First Aid Drying Toilets


Room Room
1.6.1c 2.6.2a 3.6.3 3.6.5c

CSCS

Palm Scan Inductions Canteen Toilets

1.6.1d 2.6.2b 3.6.4a 3.6.5d

CSCS

Palm Scan Inductions Smoking Toilets


Area
1.6.1e 3.6.4b

Palm Scan Smoking


Area

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4.2 5.2 No other pictograms are


associated with the Phone Zone or
Fire Muster point - they are their
own areas.

Phone Fire Muster


Zone

6.1 7.1 8.1 8.1 Other pictograms of locations on


site that require less user
knowledge.

P Placing these pictograms in a


circle replicates the key colour
circles of zones and buildings.
This creates a convention that any
pictogram placed in a square is
part of a zone or building - linked
by colour.

Waste & Materials Visitor


Recycling Zone Deliveries Parking
6.2 7.2 8.2 8.2

P
Waste & Materials Visitor
Recycling Zone Deliveries Parking
6.3 7.3 8.3

Waste & Materials


Recycling Zone Deliveries

6.4

Waste &
Recycling

Wayfinding 21
Stencil concept

Stencils are a quick way to standardise pictorgrams,


messages and typefaces. They may be applicable to a
construction site for building signage or, more likely, on the
rear of boundary hoarding to illustrate safety messages.

Documenta 12 wayfinding system


in Kassel. Designed by Marco
Fiedler and Achin Reichert,
November 2006.

Site buildings currently have few


distinguishing features and do not
give any idea on use or function.

Stencil found on a railway bridge in


Pangbourne, Reading. Date
unknown.

Modifying icons and typeface for


use as stencils.

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Safety messages could be


stencilled onto hoarding.

NOTE: Tone of voice to make the


reader think the advice is for their
safety - not an order.

Wayfinding 23
24 Oliver Tomlinson - Autumn term 2009
DISCOVERY w
TRANSFORMATION w
MAKING

wSFORMATION w
MAKING

Wayfinding 25
Final pictograms and
signage templates
The pictograms below have been designed to illustrate
essential areas and zones within the construction site.

Site Entry Welfare Phone


and Exit Site Office Buildings Zone Fire Muster

This set of pictograms represent functions and features of the


above areas and zones. They are to be used as signage or
icons within maps and are matched to the Kier brand through
colour and choice of typeface.

CSCS

Palm Scan Inductions Subcontractors


Toilets Smoking
Office Area

First Aid Canteen Drying


Room Room

Examples of statutory signage can be seen below. Note the


typeface used is Helvetica to match all statutory signage
systems the users may encounter.

Protective No unauthorised Fire Danger


footwear persons allowed
beyond this point extinguisher High voltage Fire exit
must be worn

26 Oliver Tomlinson - Autumn term 2009


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MAKING

Mind mapping exercises found a number of features around


the site that do not fit into a specific zone; see below.

P
Site Waste & Materials Visitor
information Recycling Zone Deliveries Parking

Directional signage should be the directional information but still Warning and location signs should
landscape to give added make the object conspicuous in a be portrait.
directional properties to the arrow. construction environment. The
white centre line between the two
The signage frame to be a grey A4 laminates joins them together
colour so as not to compete with allowing them to work as one unit.

Welfare
Buildings Drying
Room
Icon alignment

Welfare
Buildings

No unauthorised
Site Entry persons allowed
Fire Muster and Exit beyond this point

Site Office Site Office


Portrait and landscape can be
linked to allow directional planning
from a specific location.

Wayfinding 27
Induction map

A basic map of the site is needed to give new inductees an


image of the area they are to work in. By providing extra
information on the A4 sheet I’m aiming for the user to keep
the map as a reference tool; designed as a PDF, it could also
be emailed to visitors and delivery drivers.

All pictorgrams on the map will match signage found around


the site, and supplied as a Powerpoint template, the map will
be easy to modify by Kier staff.

Single sided for ease of use Pictograms illustrate features


within the office environment of zones or buildings

Reading Central One Site details


CSCS

Site Entry First Aid Subcontractors Smoking Drying


Palm Scan Site Office Inductions Room Welfare Office Toilets Area Canteen Room Phone Zones

For your safety...


Railway

Reading Central One

P
Other buildings

Delivery
Gateman

Option

Forbury Road

Useful contacts
Project Manager Site Office Kier website
07789 727 812 0118 272 4827 www.kier.co.uk

Construction Manager 24 Hour Kier Help Reading Central website


07756 892 345 0800 123 4567 www.onereadingcentral.com

Site location within Reading


is useful for visitors and
delivery drivers
Emergency and general This map does not illustrate
information contact details a sloping path here. Adding
will enable the map to be another pictogram will clutter
kept as a reference the graphic at this scale.
Specific site safety elements
used with a tone of voice
aimed to ask users to consider
these rules for their safety

28 Oliver Tomlinson - Autumn term 2009


Wayfinding
Reading Central One Site details

Actual size - A4
CSCS

Site Entry First Aid Subcontractors Smoking Drying


Palm Scan Site Office Inductions Room Welfare Office Toilets Area Canteen Room Phone Zones

For your safety...


Railway

Reading Central One

P
Other buildings

Delivery
Gateman

Option

Forbury Road

Useful contacts
Project Manager Site Office Kier website
07789 727 812 0118 272 4827 www.kier.co.uk

Construction Manager 24 Hour Kier Help Reading Central website


07756 892 345 0800 123 4567 www.onereadingcentral.com
DISCOVERY w

29
MAKING
TRANSFORMATION w
Wayfinding locations &
signage specifications

Most signage will be placed here


due to high numbers of users at
this node.

This diagram illustrates areas on


site requiring directional signage.
This is not an exhaustive list and
does not include the large number
of statutory warning signs.
2

Landscape directional sign on first


entry to site - next to site safety
rules. Fixed using screws.

Site Entry

Welfare
Buildings

Fire Muster

Site Office
Directional signs fixed to a post
using screws or cable ties.

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DISCOVERY w
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MAKING

3
Directional signs hung to a scaffold
pole. Note the continued Fire
Muster point location.

Welfare
Buildings

Fire Muster

Location 4 is a point experiencing


the most user traffic on site.

Welfare Waste &


Buildings Recycling

Fire Muster Materials


Zone

Actual locations are positioned in


portrait. Their colours match the
zone they are found in.

Canteen

6
Most signage within the
construction site will be warning
signs; as per location signage,
these are also portrait.

Do not move or
enter this
exclusion zone

General user information uses the


Information ident used for the
Briefing Board; this can be seen on
the induction map next to the Site
Office.

Access to ground
floor via
STAIR 3 or 4

Wayfinding 31
32 Oliver Tomlinson - Autumn term 2009
APPENDIX: A

Appendix A
Mental maps

Site receptionist
4 months on site

Wayfinding 33
Site engineer
12 months on site

34 Oliver Tomlinson - Autumn term 2009


APPENDIX: A

Labourer
12+ months on site

Wayfinding 35
External works engineer
2.5 months on site

36 Oliver Tomlinson - Autumn term 2009


APPENDIX: A

Quantity surveyor 1
19 months on site

Wayfinding 37
Quantity surveyor 2
13 months on site

38 Oliver Tomlinson - Autumn term 2009


APPENDIX: A

Carpenter
2 months on site

Wayfinding 39
Plasterer
1 day on site

40 Oliver Tomlinson - Autumn term 2009


Wayfinding

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