Clamping Workholding Principles1

Clamping &
Workholding Principles
Outcomes
After completing this topic student should be able to:-
 Explain the basic principles of work holders.
 Identify the types of workholding devices.
 Match the characteristics and applications to a
particular type of clamping device.
FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

Design Lecturer: Mdm. Mastura Samsudin 1
Clamping
 A clamp is a fastening device to hold or
secure objects tightly together to prevent
movement or separation through the
application of inward pressure.
 At the same time, the clamping force
should not dent or damage the wokpiece.

Principles of Clamping
 Position
 Clamping should be positioned to direct the clamping
force on a strong, supported part of the workpiece
 Strength
 clamping system should be capable of holding the
workpiece security against the forces developed
during operation
 Productivity
 clamping time should be minimized by using hand
knobs, handwheels and handles

 Operator fatigue
 if a considerable number of clamps are to be
tightened and loosened repeatedly, it is better to use
power clamping to reduce operator fatigue.
 Workpiece variation
 the clamping points should be provided with ample
radius to make the clamp operable even if there is
variation in the workpiece.

Workholder
 The workholders may include vises, chucks,
indexing accessories, pallets, specialty jigs or
fixtures, and faceplates
 The main purpose of the workholder , or
clamping device, is to securely hold the position
of the part against the locators throughout the
machining cycle.
 To do this the clamp used must meet the
following conditions:

 The clamp must be strong enough to hold the
part and to resist movement
 The clamp must not damage or deform the
part
 The clamp should be fast-acting and allow
rapid loading and unloading of parts.

Basic Rules of Clamping
1. Positioning the Clamps
2. Tools Forces
3. Clamping Forces

1. Positioning the Clamps
Clamps
Workpiece
The part must be Clamps should

supported if the work always contact the
is clamped at a point work at its most
where the force could rigid point.
bend the part
Clamps are also
positioned so they
do not interfere
with the operation
of the tool or
machine.
2. Tool Forces
• Generated by the cutting tool.
Tool Force • Cause by the resistance of the
workpiece being cut or sheared
by the tool.
Clamp surface
The necessary clamping

pressure is reduced a great
deal when the bulk of the
tool forces are directed a
solid part

3. Clamping Forces
The force required to hold
a part against the locators.
Clamping prevents the part

from shifting or being
pulled from the jig or fixture
during the machining The type and amount of
operation clamping force needed to
hold a part is usually
determined by the tool
forces working on the part
and how the part is
positioned in the tool.

Types of Clamps
 Determined by:-
 The shape and size of the part
 The type of jig or fixture being used
 And work to be done
 Tool designer should choose the clamp

that is the simplest, easiest to use and
most efficient.

Swing clamp combine the screw
Swing clamp with a swinging arm that pivots on
its mounting stud.
The holding power with this clamp
is generated by the screw.
Swing clamps operate by rotating
the handle, which simultaneously
swings the clamp arm out and
over the workpiece into the
clamping position.
Further rotation of the handle
draws the clamp arm down and
applies direct downward force on
the work piece.
Reversing the rotation of the
handle raises and “swings” the
clamp arm clear of the work
piece, allowing for easy
placement and removal of work
pieces.
Strap clamp
A type of clamp that reaches over the workpiece to
hold it in place. Strap clamps are often used when
extra toughness is required
One of the more obvious and essential functions

of any jig or fixture is to securely hold the
workpiece throughout the machining cycle

Hook clamps
Hook clamp apply a direct, downward

clamping force on a workpiece while
remaining low in profile. Because of their
low profile design, hook clamps work well
in limited space applications where a large
amount of clamping force is needed. These
hook clamps are able to provide as much
as 8,500 lbs of force

Cam – Action Clamps
A clamp that uses a gradual curved
surface to lock itself in place.
Cam clamps may be dislodged by
excessive vibration.

Wedge Clamp
A clamp that uses a wedge to gradually
exert pressure on jaws located on each
side of the wedge.
Wedge clamps push out and down and
typically hold a workpiece from the
side.

Toggle Clamps
A type of clamp with a serrated

surface that reaches forward
and down to grip the
workpiece.

Power Clamp
A clamping system that uses a means other than manual power to secure the clamps.
Hydraulic and pneumatic systems are power clamping systems.


Clamping Workholding Principles1

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Clamping &

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

The part must be Clamps should

The necessary clamping

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

Clamping prevents the part

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

 Tool designer should choose the clamp

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

One of the more obvious and essential functions

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

Hook clamp apply a direct, downward

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

A type of clamp with a serrated

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

FGB40103 - Jigs & Fixtures

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