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Jointly approved by ABEM, ACEP, CORD, EMRA, RRC-EM and SAEM August 2009
Jointly approved by ABEM, ACEP, CORD, EMRA, RRC-EM, and SAEM and approved by the
ACEP Board of Directors August 2007.
Approved October 2000 and September 2005 replacing Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency
Medicine.
Originally approved titled, Core Content for Emergency Medicine December 1996.
The Core Content Task Force II created and endorsed the 2001 Model of the Clinical Practice of
Emergency Medicine (EM Model) as published in the June 2001 Annals of Emergency Medicine
and Academic Emergency Medicine.
The 2003 EM Model Review Task Force reviewed the 2001 EM Model, as requested by the
Core Content Task Force II. Their work was published in the June 2005 Annals of Emergency
Medicine and the June 2005 Academic Emergency Medicine.
The 2005 EM Model Review Task Force conducted the second review of the EM Model. Their
work is published in the October 2006 issue of Academic Emergency Medicine and online-only
in Annals of Emergency Medicine.
The 2007 EM Model Review Task Force conducted the third review of the EM Model. Their
work is published in the August 2008 issue of Academic Emergency Medicine and online-only in
Annals of Emergency Medicine.
The 2009 EM Model Review Task Force conducted the fourth review of the EM Model.
Debra G. Perina, M.D., Chair Harold A. Thomas, M.D., Chair Harold A. Thomas, M.D., Chair
Michael S. Beeson, M.D Michael S. Beeson, M.D Louis S. Binder, M.D.
Douglas M. Char, M.D. Louis S. Binder, M.D. Dane M. Chapman, M.D., Ph.D.
Francis L. Counselman, M.D. Patrick H. Brunett, M.D. David A. Kramer, M.D.
Samuel Keim, M.D., MS Merle A. Carter, M.D. Joseph LaMantia, M.D.
Douglas L. McGee, D.O. Carey D. Chisholm, M.D. Debra G. Perina, M.D.
Carlo Rosen, M.D. Douglas L. McGee, D.O. Philip H. Shayne, M.D.
Peter Sokolove, M.D. Debra G. Perina, M.D. David P. Sklar, M.D.
Steve Tantama, M.D. Michael J. Tocci, M.D. Camie J. Sorensen, M.D., M.P.H.
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
Page 2
All changes that resulted from the 2009 EM Model Review Task Force are summarized in
Figure 1.
Preamble of the Core Content Task Force II, Adapted for the 2009 EM Model
In 1975, the American College of Emergency Physicians and the University Association for
Emergency Medicine (now the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine; SAEM) conducted a
practice analysis of the emerging field of Emergency Medicine. This work resulted in the
development of the Core Content of Emergency Medicine, a listing of common conditions,
symptoms, and diseases seen and evaluated in emergency departments. The Core Content
listing was subsequently revised four times, expanding from 5 to 20 pages. However, none of
these revisions had the benefit of empirical analysis of the developing specialty but relied solely
upon expert opinion.
Following the 1997 revision of the Core Content listing, the contributing organizations felt that
the list had become complex and unwieldy, and subsequently agreed to address this issue by
commissioning a task force to re-evaluate the Core Content listing and the process for revising
the list. As part of its final set of recommendations, the Core Content Task Force recommended
that the specialty undertake a practice analysis of the clinical practice of Emergency Medicine.
Results of a practice analysis would provide an empirical foundation for content experts to
develop a core document that would represent the needs of the specialty.
Following the completion of its mission, the Core Content Task Force recommended
commissioning another task force that would be charged with the oversight of a practice
analysis of the specialty - Core Content Task Force II.
The practice analysis relied upon both empirical data and the advice of several expert panels
and resulted in The Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (EM Model). The EM
Model resulted from the need for a more integrated and representative presentation of the Core
Content of Emergency Medicine. It was created through the collaboration of six organizations:
As requested by Core Content Task Force II, the six collaborating organizations reviewed the
2001 EM Model in 2002-2003 and developed a small list of proposed changes to the document.
The changes were reviewed and considered by 10 representatives from the organizations, i.e.,
the 2003 EM Model Review Task Force. The Task Force’s recommendations were approved by
the collaborating organizations and were incorporated into the EM Model. The work of the Task
Force was published in the June 2005 Annals of Emergency Medicine and Academic
Emergency Medicine.
The six collaborating organizations reviewed the 2002-2003 EM Model in 2005 and developed a
small list of proposed changes to the document. The changes were reviewed and considered
by nine representatives from the organizations, i.e., the 2005 EM Model Review Task Force.
The Task Force’s recommendations were approved by the collaborating organizations and were
incorporated into the EM Model. The work of the Task Force was published in the October
2006 Academic Emergency Medicine and December 2006 Annals of Emergency Medicine.
The next regular review of the EM Model occurred in 2007. The 2007 EM Model Review Task
Force recommendations were approved by the collaborating organizations and are incorporated
into this document. The work of the Task Force was published in the August 2008 Academic
Emergency Medicine and online-only in the August 2008 Annals of Emergency Medicine.
The fourth review of the EM Model occurred in 2009. The 2009 EM Model Review Task Force
recommendations approved by the collaborating organizations are incorporated into this
document.
Patients often present to the emergency department with signs and symptoms rather than a
known disease or disorder. Therefore, an emergency physician’s approach to patient care
begins with the recognition of patterns in the patient’s presentation that point to a specific
diagnosis or diagnoses. Pattern recognition is both the hallmark and cornerstone of the clinical
practice of Emergency Medicine, guiding the diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions
during the entire patient encounter.
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) is implementing the
ACGME Outcome Project to assure that physicians are appropriately trained in the knowledge
and skills of their specialties. The ACGME derived 6 general (core) competencies thought to be
essential for any practicing physician: patient care, medical knowledge, practice-based learning
and improvement, interpersonal skills, professionalism, and systems-based practice.1 The 6
general competencies are an integral part of the practice of Emergency Medicine and are
embedded into the EM Model. To incorporate these competencies into the specialty of
Emergency Medicine, an Emergency Medicine Competency Task Force demonstrated how
these competencies are integrated into the EM Model in Chapman, et al.2
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
Page 4
The EM Model is designed for use as the core document for the specialty. It will provide the
foundation for developing future medical school and residency curricula, certification
examination specifications, continuing education objectives, research agendas, residency
program review requirements, and other documents necessary for the functional operation of
the specialty. In conjunction with the EM Model, these 6 general competencies construct a
framework for evaluation of physician performance and curriculum design to further refine and
improve the education and training of competent emergency physicians.
1
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). ACGME Core Competencies.
(ACGME Outcome Project Website). Available at http://www.acgme.org/outcome/comp/compCPRL.asp
2
Chapman DM, Hayden S, Sanders AB, et al. Integrating the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical
Education core competencies into The Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. Ann Emerg
Med. 2004;43:756-769, and Acad Emerg Med. 2004;11:674-685.
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
Page 5
Figure 1
Summary of 2009 EM Model Review Task Force
Recommendation and Changes within the 2007 EM Model
Proposed deletions are lined out. Proposed changes and additions appear in bold italics with yellow shading.
• Add language to the first sentence so it reads: “An emergency physician’s frame of
reference in a patient encounter is fundamentally related to the actual, apparent, or
potential acuity of the patient’s condition.”
• Add one more level of outline numbering detail to the listings between 1.0 and 18.3
• 7.2 Reposition Keratitis – Emergent and Lower Acuity under External Eye
• 13.1 Add Hyperstimulation – Critical, Emergent and Lower Acuity under Ovary
Professionalism PROFESSIONALISM
Advocacy
Conflicts of interest management
Ethics
Impairment
Leadership (Leading, Directing, and Mentoring)
Mentorship
Personal Well-being
Professional Development and Lifelong Learning
Contract Principles
Analysis of Clauses and Components
Employment v. Independent Contractor
Negotiation
Practice Models
Financial Issues
Budget and Planning
Cost Containment Effective Care and Resource Utilization
Managed Care
Reimbursement Issues, Billing, and Coding
Operations
Department Administration
Documentation
Emergency Preparedness and Disease Management
Facility Design
Human Resource Management
Information Management
Patient Throughput and Crowding
Policies and Procedures
Safety and Security
Pre-hospital Care
Administration, Management, and Operations
Credentialing of Providers
Direct Patient Care
Direct Medical Command
Multi-casualty Incidents
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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Performance Improvement
Protocol Development
Systems-based Management
Managed Care
Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Management
End-of-Life Issues
RESEARCH
Evidence-based Medicine
Interpretation of Medical Literature
Performance of Research
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
Page 8
OVERVIEW
There are multiple components of “The Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine.”
The components of the EM Model are given in two complementary documents: 1) the Matrix;
and 2) the Listing of Conditions and Components.
Physician Tasks
The physician tasks include the range of activities and the dynamic nature of the practice of
Emergency Medicine (Table 1). Emergency physicians simultaneously consider multiple factors
involved in patient care that may alter the direction of patient management. For example, the
approach to the patient can change dramatically when considering a pediatric v. a geriatric
presentation of the same complaint, i.e., modifying factors. The physician tasks apply to
patients of all ages. Although there are no separate sections on the care of pediatric or geriatric
patients, users of the document should consider including pediatric and geriatric aspects of
patient care related to each task. When considered together, these tasks are directly related to
the six broad competencies expected of board certified emergency physicians.
Patient Acuity
An emergency physician’s frame of reference in a patient encounter is fundamentally related to
the actual, apparent, or potential acuity of the patient’s condition. Establishing the acuity level
is essential for defining the context for action, the priorities of the patient encounter, and
consequently, the order of tasks necessary to manage the patient successfully. In the EM
Model, patient acuity includes critical, emergent, and lower acuity (Table 2).
Following is a concise example of how patient acuity and physician tasks can be applied to
patients presenting with the same complaint of chest pain:
1. A 55-year old hypertensive diabetic male with crushing chest pain, diaphoresis, and a blood
pressure of 60 systolic who is clutching his chest.
Acuity Frame: Critical
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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2. A 74-year old female with a history of angina presenting with three-to-five minutes of dull
chest pain typical of her angina. She has stable vital signs and her pain is relieved by
nitroglycerin.
Acuity Frame: Emergent
Implications: Initiation of monitoring, vascular access, evaluation, and treatment must be
performed quickly. Progression in severity, complications, or morbidity may
occur without immediate treatment.
3. A 12-year old female with non-traumatic sharp chest pain lasting for several days that
intensifies with movement of the torso.
Acuity Frame: Lower acuity
Implications: Patient’s symptoms should be addressed promptly. However, progression to
major complications would be unlikely.
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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Table 1.
Physician task definitions
Pre-hospital care Participate actively in pre-hospital care; provide direct patient care or on-line or off-line
medical direction or interact with pre-hospital medical providers; assimilate information
from pre-hospital care into the assessment and management of the patient.
Emergency stabilization Conduct primary assessment and take appropriate steps to stabilize and treat patients.
Performance of focused Communicate effectively to interpret and evaluate the patient’s symptoms and history;
history and physical identify pertinent risk factors in the patient’s history; provide a focused evaluation;
examination interpret the patient’s appearance, vital signs and condition; recognize pertinent
physical findings; perform techniques required for conducting the exam.
Modifying factors Recognize age, gender, ethnicity, barriers to communication, socioeconomic status,
underlying disease, and other factors that may affect patient management.
Professional and legal Understand and apply principles of professionalism, ethics, and legal concepts
issues pertinent to patient management.
Diagnostic studies Select and perform the most appropriate diagnostic studies and interpret the results,
e.g., electrocardiogram, emergency ultrasound, radiographic and laboratory tests.
Diagnosis Develop a differential diagnosis and establish the most likely diagnoses in light of the
history, physical, interventions, and test results.
Observation and Evaluate and re-evaluate the effectiveness of a patient’s treatment or therapy, including
reassessment addressing complications and potential errors; monitor, observe, manage, and maintain
the stability of one or more patients who are at different stages in their work-ups.
Consultation and Collaborate with physicians and other professionals to evaluate and treat patients,
disposition arrange appropriate placement and transfer if necessary, formulate a follow-up plan,
and communicate effectively with patients, family, and involved health care members.
Prevention and Apply epidemiologic information to patients at risk; conduct patient education; select
education appropriate disease and injury prevention techniques.
Documentation Communicate patient care information in a concise manner that facilitates quality care
and coding.
Multi-tasking and team Prioritize multiple patients in the emergency department in order to provide optimal
management patient care; interact, coordinate, educate, and supervise all members of the patient
management team; utilize appropriate hospital resources; have familiarity with disaster
management.
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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Table 2.
Patient acuity definitions
Patient presents with signs or Patient presents with signs or Patient presents with signs or
symptoms of a life-threatening symptoms of an illness or symptoms of an illness or
illness or injury with a high injury that may progress in injury that have a low
probability of mortality if severity or result in probability of rapid progression
immediate intervention is not complications with a high to more serious disease or
begun to prevent further probability for morbidity if development of complications.
airway, respiratory, treatment is not begun quickly.
hemodynamic, and/or
neurologic instability.
Table 3.
Matrix of physician tasks by patient acuity
Patient Acuity
Pre-hospital care
Emergency stabilization
Performance of focused
history and physical
examination
Modifying factors
Professional issues
Diagnostic studies
Diagnosis
Therapeutic interventions
Pharmacotherapy
Observation and reassessment
Consultation and disposition
Prevention and education
Documentation
Multi-tasking & team
management
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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The Listing of Conditions and Components contains the fundamental, or core, patient conditions
that present to emergency departments. The listing is based on data collected by the National
Center for Health Statistics at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) during
1995-1996. The CDC data were collected from 40,000 emergency department records
statistically representative of 90.3 million emergency department visits in metropolitan and non-
metropolitan short-stay or general hospitals in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Frequency of occurrence was a primary factor in determining inclusion in the Listing of
Conditions and Components. Frequency of occurrence, however, was not the sole determinant
of inclusion, nor was the number of entries pertaining to a single topic representative of
importance. The final list was developed by several expert panels of practicing emergency
physicians based on three factors: 1) frequency of occurrence; 2) critical nature of patient
presentation; and 3) other components of EM practice.
Appendix 1 outlines the diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures or tests that are essential to
the clinical practice of Emergency Medicine. Emergency physicians must know the indications
for ordering, be able to perform, and be able to interpret the results of the listed items.
Appendix 2 lists the other essential components and core competencies of Emergency
Medicine practice. These include such items as practice-based learning and improvement
administration; interpersonal and communication skills and interpersonal issues;
professionalism research; and system-based practice; risk management, legal, and regulatory
issues research. Emergency physicians should have a basic knowledge of these components
and be able to apply them to their clinical practice.
1.1 General
Altered mental status X X
Anxiety X
Apnea X
Ataxia X X
Back pain X X X
Bleeding X X X
Coma X
Confusion X
Crying/Fussiness X X
Cyanosis X
Decreased level of consciousness X X
Dehydration X X
Dizziness X X
Edema X X
Failure to thrive X X
Fatigue X X
Feeding problems X
Fever X X X
Hypotension X X
Jaundice X
Joint pain/Swelling X X
Limp X X
Lymphadenopathy X
Malaise X X
Multiple trauma X X
Needle stick X X
Pain X X X
Paralysis X X
Paresthesia/Dysesthesia X X
Poisoning X X X
Pruritus X X
Rash X X X
Shock X
SIDS (See 3.1) X
Sleeping problems X
Syncope X X X
Tremor X X
Weakness X X
Weight loss X X
1.2 Abdominal
Abnormal vaginal bleeding X X X
Anuria X
Ascites X X
Colic X X
Constipation X
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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1.3 Chest
Chest pain X X X
Cough X X
Dyspnea X X
Hemoptysis X X
Hiccough Hiccup X
Palpitations X X X
Shortness of breath X X
Tachycardia X X
Wheezing X X
2.2 Esophagus
Infectious disorders
Candida (See 4.4, 7.5) X X
Inflammatory disorders
Esophagitis X X
Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) X
Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1)
Acid X X
Alkali X X
Motor abnormalities
Spasms X
Structural disorders
Boerhaave’s syndrome X X
Diverticula X X
Foreign body X
Hernias X X
Mallory-Weiss syndrome X X
Stricture and stenosis X X
Tracheoesophageal fistula X X
Varices X X
Tumors X X
2.3 Liver
Cirrhosis X X
Alcoholic X X
Biliary obstructive X
Drug-induced X X
Hepato-renal failure X X
Infectious disorders X X
Abscess X
Hepatitis
Acute X X
Chronic X
Tumors X X
2.5 Pancreas
Pancreatitis X X
Tumors X X
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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2.7 Stomach
Infectious disorders X
Inflammatory disorders
Gastritis X X
Peptic ulcer disease X X
Hemorrhage X X
Perforation X X
Structural disorders
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric
stenosis X
Foreign body X X
Tumors X X
2.11 Spleen X X X
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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3.7 Endocarditis X X
3.8 Hypertension X X X
3.9 Tumors X X
4.3 Dermatitis
Atopic X
Contact X
Eczema X
Psoriasis X
Sebaceous cyst X
Seborrhea X
4.4 Infections
Bacterial
Abscess X X
Cellulitis X X
Erysipelas X
Impetigo X
Necrotizing infection X X
Fungal
Candida (See 2.2, 7.5) X
Tinea X
Parasitic
Pediculosis infestation X
Scabies X
Viral
Aphthous ulcers X
Erythema infectiosum X
Herpes simplex (See 10.6, 13.1) X
Herpes zoster (See 10.6) X X
Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1) X
Molluscum contagiosum X
Warts X
6.2 Dysbarism
Air embolism X X
Barotrauma X X X
Decompression syndrome X X
7.1 Ear
Foreign body X X
Impacted cerumen X
Labyrinthitis X
Mastoiditis X
Meniere's disease X
Otitis externa X
Infective X
Malignant X
Otitis media X X
Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1) X
7.2 Eye
External eye
Blepharitis X
Burn confined to eye and adnexa (See 18.1) X
Conjunctivitis X
Corneal abrasions (See 18.1) X X
Dacryocystitis X X
Disorders of lacrimal system X
Foreign body X X
Inflammation of the eyelids X
Chalazion X
Hordeolum X
Keratitis X X
Anterior pole
Glaucoma X X
Hyphema (See 18.1) X X
Iritis (See 18.1) X X
Posterior pole
Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis X
Optic neuritis X
Papilledema X X
Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1) X
Retinal vascular occlusion X
Orbit
Cellulitis
Preseptal X
Postseptal X
Purulent endophthalmitis X
7.4 Nose
Epistaxis X X X
Foreign body X X
Rhinitis X
Sinusitis X
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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7.5 Oropharynx/Throat
Dentalgia X
Diseases of the oral soft tissue
Ludwig's angina X X
Stomatitis X
Diseases of the salivary glands
Sialolithiasis X X
Suppurative parotitis X
Foreign body X X
Gingival and periodontal disorders
Gingivostomatitis X
Larynx/Trachea
Epiglottitis (See 16.1) X X
Laryngitis X
Tracheitis X X
Oral candidiasis (See 2.2, 4.4) X
Periapical abscess X X
Peritonsillar abscess X
Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis X
Retropharyngeal abscess X X
Temporomandibular joint disorders X
7.6 Tumors X X
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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8.3 Lymphomas X X
8.4 Pancytopenia X X
9.3 Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction X X
Anaphylaxis X
Angioedema X X
Drug allergies X X X
9.5 Sarcoidosis X X
10.1 Bacterial
Bacterial food poisoning X X
Botulism X X
Chlamydia X X
Gonococcal infections X X
Meningococcemia X X
Mycobacterial infections
Atypical mycobacteria X X
Tuberculosis X X
Other bacterial diseases X X
Gas gangrene (See 11.6) X X
Sepsis/Bacteremia X X
Shock X
Systemic inflammatory response
syndrome (SIRS) X X
Toxic shock syndrome X X
Spirochetes
Syphilis X X
Tetanus X X
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites
Malaria X
Toxoplasmosis X X
10.5 Tick-borne
Ehrlichiosis X
Lyme disease X
Rocky Mountain spotted fever X
10.6 Viral X X
Infectious mononucleosis X X
Influenza/Parainfluenza X X
Hantavirus X X
Herpes simplex (See 4.4, 13.1) X X
Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4) X X
HIV (See 9.2) X X X
Rabies X
Roseola X
Rubella X
12.4 Hydrocephalus X X
Normal pressure X X
VP shunt X
12.11 Stroke
Hemorrhagic
Intracerebral X X
Subarachnoid X X
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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12.13 Tumors X X
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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15.4 Infection
Cystitis X
Pyelonephritis X
Urinary tract infection (UTI) X
15.6 Nephritis X X
Hemolytic uremic syndrome X
15.8 Tumors X
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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16.8 Tumors
Breast X
Chest wall X
Pulmonary X X
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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18.1 Trauma
Abdominal trauma
Diaphragm X X
Hollow viscus X X
Penetrating X X
Retroperitoneum X X
Solid organ X X
Vascular X X
Chest trauma
Aortic dissection/Disruption X
Contusion
Cardiac X X X
Pulmonary X X
Fracture
Clavicle X X
Ribs/Flail chest X X X
Sternum X X
Hemothorax X X
Penetrating chest trauma X X
Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6) X
Pneumothorax (See 16.2)
Simple X
Tension X
Cutaneous injuries
Avulsions X X
Bite wounds (See 6.1) X X
Burns
Electrical (See 6.3) X X X
Chemical (See 16.5) X X X
Thermal X X X
Lacerations X X
Puncture wounds X X
Facial fractures X
Dental X X
Le Fort X X X
Mandibular X X
Orbital X X
Genitourinary trauma
Bladder X
External genitalia X
Renal X X
Ureteral X
Head trauma
Intracranial injury X X
Scalp lacerations/Avulsions X X
Skull fractures X X
Injuries of the spine
Dislocations/Subluxations X X
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
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APPENDIX 1.
Procedures and Skills Integral to the Practice of Emergency Medicine
Airway Techniques
Airway adjuncts Hemodynamic Techniques
Cricothyrotomy Arterial catheter insertion
Foreign body removal Central venous access
Intubation Intraosseous infusion
Mechanical ventilation Peripheral venous cutdown
Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation
Capnometry Obstetrics
Non-invasive ventilatory management Delivery of newborn
APPENDIX 2.
Other Components and Core Competencies of the Practice of Emergency Medicine
Professionalism PROFESSIONALISM
Advocacy
Conflicts of interest management
Ethics
Impairment
Leadership (Leading, Directing, and Mentoring)
Mentorship
Personal Well-being
Professional Development and Lifelong Learning
Contract Principles
Analysis of Clauses and Components
Employment v. Independent Contractor
Negotiation
Practice Models
Financial Issues
Budget and Planning
Cost Containment Effective Care and Resource Utilization
Managed Care
Reimbursement Issues, Billing, and Coding
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
Page 45
Operations
Department Administration
Documentation
Emergency Preparedness and Disease Management
Facility Design
Human Resource Management
Information Management
Patient Throughput and Crowding
Policies and Procedures
Safety and Security
Pre-hospital Care
Administration, Management, and Operations
Credentialing of Providers
Direct Patient Care
Direct Medical Command
Multi-casualty Incidents
Performance Improvement
Protocol Development
Systems-based Management
Managed Care
Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Management
End-of-Life Issues
RESEARCH
Evidence-based Medicine
Interpretation of Medical Literature
Performance of Research
2009 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
Page 46
Dr. LaDuca made substantial intellectual contributions to the EM Model stemming from his many years of research
and thinking about the contextual framework of professionals in practice.
Core Content Task Force II thanks the seven emergency physicians who assisted the Task Force in pilot testing the
national survey used to validate this study. Their input to the process was extremely valuable. In addition, a very
special thanks to the 1,084 ABEM diplomates who participated in the national survey during a very busy time of the
year; their responses and comments were helpful in finalizing this document.
With special appreciation to Susan M. Dunsmore, Administrative Assistant, ABEM, for support in developing and
maintaining the EM Model.
/smd
2/2/2010
F:\S\ABR\Taskforce\EM Model Task Force\2010\Website Document.doc