Ac n Zoolo gica Acatlemiae Sc ientiarum H wtgaricae a I ( pp.

3 0 I _3 I 3, I 995
),

THREE NEW TARDIGRADE SPECIES

FROM HUNGARY*

B. VancHa
Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, "8. Johan" NationaL Institttteof public Heahh
H_I097 Budapest, Gyítli út24, Hungary

The author describesthree nerv tardigradespecies from Hungary: Apotlibius

richarcli sp.n.
from sandy soi|, Diphascon (Diphascon) ilnrosi sp' n. Íiom ,noi. on soil
and Hexapotlibius
reginae sp. n. from compost.

Key words:Tardigrada,new specics,Hungary

INTRODUCTION

The phylum Tardigrada contains about 750 described species (KINcHIN

1995) of cosmopolitanmicroscopic invertebratesfound in diverse
habitatswithin
terrestrial,freshwaterand marine environments(MCINNES 1994).The last
Hun_
gariantardigradelist (IHenos l9g5) presented101 species.The iast
new species
found in Hungary was reported25 yearsago (IHanoí lg]O).
Between 1990 and 1994 within the frameworkof my ecotoxicological-
bioindicationalresearch,I examinedsamplesof mosses,lichens,soils
and com-
posts in order to determine the presence and frequency
of tardigrades.In the
course of this work I discoveredthreetardigradespeciesnew for the
science.

TAXONOMY

Apodibius richardi sp. n.

(Fig. 1, Tables 1-2)

Nine specimenswere extracted(9th June, 1994) from a sandy

soil sample (Őrbottyán, Hun-
gary) collected by the author.
Holotype: Length 1_36pm, body is white, cuticle smooth.Eye
. spots are absent.Buccal tube
is smooth and narrow (1.56.pm) with well-developedapophyses.-phaiynx
is oval with two wide
macroplacoids'microp|acoidis absent.The first mác.optácóid
is twice lónger than the second one.
The fourth pair of legs is reduced.Legs are smooth *ithout
claws (Fig. i;. ú"o,u."*"nts of the
holotype and paratypesare given in^Táble1. No eggs were
found in the sample. The new species
,Macrobiotus
occuned together with the species of Hexapoctibius íindae
PILATo, 1982 and pseudo-
hufelandi IHARos, I 966.

* This paper is dedicated

to my mentor,P. Prof. Dr. GyuLe IHARos o. praem. in celebrating
his
85th birthdayand in memory of my fatherJTzsEF VARcHA ( I
9 I 0_1995).
u,,r,,,,^r,,,,,,Í,i|!,]!Í|,:",::;,,,;,::::,
302

Table 1. The measurementsof Apodibius richarcli sp. n. in pm

I-lolotypc I lolotypeflnJ 8 naralypesrn = 9)

mlnlmum nlaxlmum X

Body lcngth 136 100 r36 | 1'7

Buccal tubelength 20.28 11.16 20.28 19.24
Buccal tubewidth 1.56 1.5ó 1.56 1. 5 6
Tube lengthto the stylet support 15.60 12.48 15.60 14.21
Pharynx length 18.72 12.48 18."/2 16.61
Pharynxwidth 14.04 9.36 14.04 12.65
MacroplacoidI. 3.12 3.12 3.12 3.12
Macroplacoidll. 1.56 l..5ó 1.56 1.56
Macroplacoidrow \)..!-+ 5.46 7.02 6.24
pt buccaltubewidth '7.69
7.69 9.09 8 .l 4
pt macroplacoidI. 15.38 r5 . 3 8 18.18 16.29
pt macroplacoidIl. 't.69
7.69 9.09 8 .l 4
pt macroplacoidrow 30.'71 26.1)2 3ó.3ó 32.58
pt styletsupport 16.92 69.23 76.92 11.00
Buccal lube : body length ratio (c/o) 14.94 13.42 18.06 16.50
Pharynx lcngth : witlth ratio 1.33:l 1.25:l I. 3 8 : l 1.32:l

Fig. 1. Habitus and buccal apparatusof Apodibius riclnrtli sp. n. Scale: 20 pm

Acti zool. hunB. 4l. 1995

 lHRIrll NEW lI\RDIGRADE SPECIES I.RON{ HtIN(IARY 303

The new Speciesdiffers from Apodibius nwúittsBIND,A'l984 and A. ser-

ventyi MoRGAN et IvrcHoLLs, 1986 in the number of macroplacoids.The dif-
ferencesbetweenApodibiu.srir:lnrclisp. n. and the similarA. confust,rs Dnsrycg,
1983 are thatÁ. richartli sp. n. has a smallerbody length,narTowerbuccal tube,
shortermacroplacoids,the ratios of tube length:bodylength,tube length:stylet
support,and pharynx length:widthare greaterand the new specieshas no eye
spots.Data of the measuremenrs and the pt valucs (theratio o{ the lengthof the
given organand the buccaltube)are in Table 2.

/4*
W

Figs 2-3. Diphctscon(Dipfutscon)iharosi sp.n.:2= habitusand cuticlc. 3 = cuticle and pharyngeal

bulb. Scale:20 pm

Aú4:'ÍnI' hknr' 1]. 19Í,):

 304 B. VARCHA

Table 2. Comparison of some dataot Apodibius confustts(dataÍiom DASTYCH(i983)) and,Apodi-

bius richardi sp. n. [pm]

A. confusus(n = 3) A. richardi (n = 9)
X x
Body length 290 111
Buccal tube length 3',7.7 19.2
Buccal tubewidth +.) 1.6
Pharynx length 30 . 3 16.6
Pharynx width 26.3 12."7
MacroplacoidI. 6.5 3.1
Macroplacoidll. 3.7 1.6
Macroplacoid row ? 6.2
pt buccaltubewidth 11.41 8.t4
pt macroplacoidI. 17.24 16.29
pt macroplacoidII. 9 . 8r 8 .r 4
pt stylet supporr '70.28*
74.00
pt macroplacoidrow ? 32.58
Buccal tube : body length ratio(o/o) 17
Pharynx length : width ratio 1.32:1
* Data from BTNDA(1984)

Table 3. The measurementsof Diphascon (D.) iharosi sp.n. in Um

Holoty Parat Paratype 2 X

Body length 182 216 163 187
Mouth/buccaltube length 14.82 17.94 14.04 r5 . 6 0
Pharyngealtube length 35.r5 36.66 29.64 33.82
Buccopharyngeal
tubelength 49.9'7 54.60 43.68 49.42
Tube length to the stylet support 9.36 10.14 8.58 9.36
Mouth tube width |.25 1.25 1.25 r.25
Pharynx length 24.96 24.96 20.28 23.40
Pharynx width 14.82 t4.82 14.04 14.56
Macroplacoid I. 2.34 2.40 2.34 2.36
Macroplacoid II. z.J4 2.65 r.87 2.29
Macroplacoid III. 4.68 4.68 3-IZ 4.16
Macroplacoid row 12.48 12.48 10.92 I1.96
Outer claw of the fourth pair of leg 8.59 7.80 7.80 8.06

Acta zool. hung.41, 1995

 IHREE NEW'I'ARDIGRADE SPECIES FROM t]UNGARY JU-)

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Acta .ool. hun!. 4l, 1995

 306 I]' VARCíI;'

Derivationominis:The ncw speciesis namcdalier m1'son Richiirr_I.

Thc holotype(No. 2551 596) is depositedin the fiungarianNaturalHistoryMuseum,Buda-
pest. Hungary. The 8 paratYpes(Nos 2561_596, 2562_596' 2564-59ó. 257l_59ó" 25.72_596.
2573 -59 6. 25'74-59 6. 2580-596) are i n rhc aurhor's col lecrion.

Diphascon (Diphascon)iharosi sp. n.

(Figs 2--5,Tables3-5j

Thrcc specimenslverecxtractcdliom moss samplecollectetlon soil (Decembcr,1992.Szar-

vaskő, Hungary)by JÁNos VnRc't.'
Holotypc:Length 182;,rm.cuticlc is covcrcd with small (l-1.5 prm)granules(Fig. 2) Eyc
spotsare abscnt.Buccopharyn.{cal tube is 49.97 ptmlong, the diameteris l.25 prm.Mouth1bucóa]
tubelengthis 14,82pm. and pharyngealtubelcngth35.15prm.Betweenthe mourhand the pharyn-
geal tube a drop-shapedthickcningis prescnt.Pharynx is oval (lcngth:wiclth ratio 1.7:1)having
well-der'elopcdapophyscs.and threc macroplacoicis of which thc thirclis thc longcst.T.hcrearé
smalI microplacoidsand lar'eerscptulum(Fig. 3). The cla',vs(Figs 4_5) ilrc open Íllomrhejrbase,
the outerclaws are only slightlylargerthanthc inneroncs on the lirst.secondand thirdlegs.Therc
arc no cuticularbars. Small spincs arc on thc bascsof the outerclaws of the lourth paii o1 legs.
Measurcmentsare pÍesentedin.fablc 3. Eggs wcrc not |.ound.Diphasr:ort(Díphclsc'tl,i1 i|nrn,iíp.
n. ocourred together with thc species P.rerrrlechiniscus srrllftr.s(EuncNnenc. ltt53). Macrobiotirs
hcu'msworthiJ. MuRn,lv. 1907.M. hfiekuili ScHur-rzl, 1833. Isohypsibitt.r bctkon,-iansl.r'(lHrrnos,
1964),L pc2pi (lu.ltros, 1966), Diplrtscon (Diltltascon)pingue (Mtacus, 1936) andD. (Adropiort)
1trttr.ri ros!re THuilN. |918.

The new species is similar to Diphascon (Diphascon)pingue (MARCUS,

1936),D. (D.) mirabilis DAsrycH, 1984 and D. (Adropion)greveni DASTycH,
1984.The differencesare given in the Table 4 (pt valuesand ratiosof some or-
gans)and in the Table 5 (presenceor absenceof someorgans).

Tab|e 5. Comparison oí the presenccor absenceo1.somcorgansof Dl2lzttscott(D.) iharosi sp' n'

and relatcdspecies(Data tiom D,rsl ycH ( I 9g4)j

D. pingue D. nirabilis D. gret,eni D. ilnrosi

sp.n.
Granulatedcuticie + +
Drop-shapedthickeningbctweenmouth and + +
pharyngealtube
Pseudoseptulurn
Cuticular bars on the first, secondand thirC
pair of icgs
Spineson the basesol'the inncr and outcr
claws of the first,secondand thirdpair of legs
Spineson thc basesoí the innerclaws oí.the
lburth pair of legs
Spineson the basesof the outerclaws of the
l o u r t hp a i ro l l c g s

AtIu.,rl. huil:. Jl. 19,)5

 TtIRE]: NÍjW TARDICRr\DE sPI]CIEs FRo\'Í IlI-INC;\RY 301

Derivationominis:I dcdicatcthe ncw spcciesto prof. Dr. Gyur_alg,lnos.

The holotype(No. 1198_3tt4_ió64)is depositedin thc HungarianNatuÍalHistory N,,luseum.
Budapest.Hungary'Two paratypes(Nos i|99_38.1_ló6-{. 1200_.384_1667) are in the authoÍ.scol-
lcctlon.

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#p,

iM:@
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w."
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u,,t ^*,

f.u'-1'

kk
ffi
Figs 4-5. Diphascort (Diphascon) iharosi sp.n.:4 = claws on the first and second leg pairs,
5 = claws on the third and fourth leg pairs. Scale: 10 pm

Actd.ool. hung. 4 1, 1 995

 308 B. VARCHA

Hexapodibius reginae sp. n.

(Figs 6-10, Tables6-8.1

one spccimenÍi.omcompost(Szcged'Hungary).Thc compostu,as7 monthsold and con-

tained:wastefrom poultry' latty mud, cattle manurcand straw' The samplc was collected (2óth Fe.
bruary, 1992)by Mrs VnnoNlrca Mrcsrrc.
Holotype:Body is whitc with a lengthof 374 pm, cuticlc is smooth.Eyc spotsare absent.
Mouth opening is anterio-ventralwithoutlamellae.Mouth tube is wide having a buccal lamina.
Pharynxis oval wittrsmall apophysesand threemacropiacoids. The third macroplacoidis the lon-

e
Fa
tot

a
,
,

Figs 6-7. Hexapodibius

reginaesp.n.:6 = buccalapparatus,
7 = clawson therightthirdleg.Scale:
1 0p m

Actd zool. hun(. 11, 1995

 THREI] NDW 1'ARDIGRADE SPEC]ES FRO]\,l HLTNCARY 309

Tab|e ó. The measurementsand pt values oÍ thc Hexapodibius reginae sp. n. in pm

pI values
Body length 314
Buccal tubelength
Buccal tube width 4.ó8 i3.64
'72.'73
Buccal tubelengthto thc styletsupport 24.96
Pharynx Iength 40.63
Pharynx width 31.25
Pharynx length : width ratio 1 . 3 01:
Macroplacoid I. 5.66 t6.49
MacroplacoidII. 5 . 11 14.89
Macroplacoid IIL 6.24 1 8 l.8
Macroplacoid row 18.'72
Pharynx length : macroplacoidrow 2.17:I
ratio
External claw on the left first leg 12.48 36'3ó
'7.02
Internalclaw on the le|-tÍirstleg 20.45
External claw on the right first leg immeasurable
Internalclaw on the right first leg immeasurablc
External ciaw on the leÍisecondleg 6.24 18.18
Internalclaw on the lelt secondleg 5.46 15.91
External claw on the right secondlcg immeasurable
Internalclaw on the ríghtsecondleg immeasurable
External claw on the left third leg 9.36 27.2'7
Internalclaw on the left third leg 7.80 22.'r3
E x t e r n a cl l a w o n t h er i g h tr h i r dl c g 12.10 35.26
Internalclaw on the right third leg 6.24 18.18

gest and the second is the shortest.No microplacoid is present (Fig. 6). Claws are strongly de-
veloped on the first, second and third legs. There are no claws on the rcducedlast pair oflegs. The
sequenceof claw branches is 2-l-2-1. The external claws are larger than the internal ones, the
claw branchesare strongly curved. The secondarybranchesare shorterthan the primary ones (Figs
7-10). Lunulae are lacking. Measurementsare given in Table 6. Eggs weÍe not found in the
sample. Only one specimenof this specieswas recoveredfrom the sample,and there was no other
tardigradespecies/specimen.

The new species is similar to Hexapodibius microny.rPILATO, 1969, Hex.

pseudomicronyx RosoTlI, 1972, Hex. bindae Ptr-aro, 1982 and Hex. boothi
DasrvcH et McINNES, 1994.The exact data of the importantdifferencesat the

Actu zool. hung.41, 1995

 310 B VARCl|Á

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Actu1ool. luutg. Il, I995

 THREE NEW TARDIGRADE SPECII]S FROM I,IUNGARY 311

Tab|e 8. DiÍt.erences
between the pt valucs of BI = He-r, bütdae, Bo = Hex. boothi, MI = Hex
micronyx,PM = Hex. pseudonxic ,RE = Hex. re sp.n
BI BO MI PM
pt stylet support RE < BO, MI. PM RE = BI Tt

pt tubewidc RE < MI RE > BI, BO, PM -+

pt macroplacoidrow R E > B I ,B O , M I , P M
pt macroplacoidI. RE > BI, BO, (MI),PM RE = Ml - =(-l
pt macroplacoidII. RE > BI, BO, (MI),PM - =(-)
RE = MI
pt macroplacoidIII. R E > B I ,B O , M I , P M
pt claw on the Íjrstlcg RE > BI, BO, MI, PM
pt claw on the second leg RE > BI. MI RE = BO, PM
pt claw on the thiÍdleg RE > BI. BO, MI, PM
pharynx leng : width ratio RE<BI R E = B O ,M I '7

pharynx length : macroplacoidrow ratio RE < BO, MI,

PM RE = BI +
(_'r\
+ : the value larger,- : the value smaller thanat Hex regtnde
sp. n. - : the valuenearsimilarto
Hex. regülae sp. n.

Figs 8-10' Hexapodibius reginae sp.n.:8 = claws on the

lett tirst 1eg,9 = claws on the left second
leg, l0 = claws on the right thirdleg. Scale:5 pm

Actt z-ool.hunx. ,l), I 995

 312 B. VARCHA

pt values and ratios are given in Tables 7 and 8. In generalHexapodibiusreginae

sp. n. has a wider mouth tube, larger pt values at the macroplacoids,the macro-
placoid row and the claws and smallerpt value at the insertionpoint of the stylet
support.

Derivatio nominis:The new speciesis namedafter my daughterRegina.

The holotype(No.301-143-432) is depositedin the HungarianNatural History Museum,
Budapest,Hungary.

;f**

AcknowledgenetÚs _ Thc author would likc to express his grateful thanks to Prof' Dr'
Gvul-n lu'tnos for his highly valuable advice and encouragementto pursue tardigraderesearch,
and to Prof. Dr. ROBERIo Br,nror-,qNr (University of Modena, Italy) for his assistancein the deter-
mination of the new Hexapodibius species.Many thanks to Dr. JÁNos Venca and Mrs VE'noNtra
MICSIK for the collection of the samples,to Mrs Juolt CnalteNrtr and Mrs Éve,Hor'Écrfbr the il-
lustrations.Thanks are also due to Mrs Iloxn Necy for typing the manuscript.

REFERENCES

BINDA,M. G. (1984)Notizie sui Tardigradidcll'Africa meridionalecon descrizionecii una nuova

speciedi Apodibius(Eutardigrada) . AnimaLia11: 5-15.
DASTYCH,H. (1983)Apodibius confususgen.n.sp.n.a new water-bearfrom Poland (Tardigrada).
BulL. Polislr Acad. Sci. Biol. 3I 4146.
DrrsrycH, H. (l984) The Tardigradafrom Antarctic with descriptionsof several new species.Ácra
Zoo l. C rac oyv.27 : 37'7436.
DASTYCH, H. (i988) The Tardigracla o! Poland. Monogratie Fauny Polski vol. 16. Panstwowe
Wydawnictwo Naukove, Warszawa,Krakow. 255 pp.
DASTYCH,H. and McINNES, S. (1994) Hexapodibius boothi sp. n. a new speciesof semi-terrestrial
tardigradefrom the Maritime Antarctic.Entomol.Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg 11: 111-l 17.
IHARos, Gv. (1970) Eine neue Tardigraden*Artaus dem Bakony-Gebirge. opusc. Zool. l0 115*
I 16.
IHARos, Gv. (1985)Revidierte Katalog der TardigradenUngarns.Misc. zool. hung.3: 19-30.
KTNcHIN,I. M. (l995) Tardigrades- little monstersin the moss.Biologist 42: 166-1"70.
MANICARDI,G. C. and BEnroLeNt, R. (1987) First contributionto the knowledge of alpine grass-
land tardigrades,pp. 177-185.1n BpnroleNr, R. (ed.) Biotogy ofTardigrades. Selected
Symposiaand MonographsU.Z.L l . Mucchi, Modena.380 pp.
McINNps, S. J. (l 994) Zoogeographicdistributionof terrestrial/freshwater tardigradesfrom current
literature.J. Nat. Hist. 28 25'7-352.
MORGAN,C. I. and NlcHoI-ls, C' A. (l986) Apodibius serventyisp.nov.,a new clawlesswateÍ-
bear (Invertebrata: Tardigrada)from Western Australia.. J. Roy. Soc. West.Austr. 69: 14.
PILATO.G. (1969) Su un interessanteTardigrado esapododelle dune costieresiciliane: Hexapodi-
bius micronyx n. gen. n. sp.Boll. Accad.Gioeniu Sc. Nat. Catania S. IV. 9: 619-622.
Ptlnro, G. (1982) Descrizione di Hexapodibiusbindae n. sp. e discussionesulla famiglia Calohyp-
sibiidae (Eutardigrada) . Animalia 9: 213-226.

Acta zaol. hung.4l, 1995

 THREE NEW TARDICRADE SPECIES FROM HUNCARY 313

PlLAro, G. (1987)Revisionof the genusDiphasconPlate, 1889,wirh rcmarkson the subfamilyIta-

quasconinae(Eutardigrada,Hypsibiidae). pp.337*357.In BERToLANT,R. (ed.) Biotogy of
Tardigrades.selected symposia and Monographsu.Z.L l . Mucchi. Modena. 3g0 pp.
PILATo, G' and BtNp,q,M. G. (1983) Precisazioni sull'apparatobuccoÍ.aringeo di tipo Diphascon
(Eutardigrada) . Animalia l0: 29|-302.
Revazzorrt, G. and Mauccl, W. (,l983) Il Phylwn Tarcligrcrclct. III.ecl.rivcduta e aggiornata.
M e m . I s t .I t a l .I d r o b i o l . v o l . 4 l . I s tI.t a l .I d r o b i o l . v e r b a n i a , p a l l a n zl 0al.2 p p .

Received25th October1995;accepted2nd December1995.

Acta zool. hung. 41, 1995