Index Part 0 Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 The Causes of the Viking Age Timeline The Origins of the Vikings The Scandinavian Environment Scandinavia Before the Vikings Pagan Religion and Burial Scandinavia in the Viking Age From Chiefdoms to Kingdoms Rural Settlement Trade and Trade Routes Ships and Seafaring Viking Towns Women in the Viking Age The Viking Raids The Raids Begin The Vikings in the Mediterranean The Franks Fight Back The Great Army in England The Great Raids on Francia Wessex Defended The Conquest of the Danelaw The Kingdom of York Vikings in Ireland L Vikings in Ireland IL. The Vikings in Scotland Scandinavian Placenames in Britain The Duchy of Normandy The Vikings in Britany The Viking Warrior The North Atlantic Saga The Faeroes and Iceland The Settlement of Iceland Icelandic Literature The Vikings in Greenland Voyages to Vinland The Vikings in the East The Swedes in the East From Scandinavian to Slav The Transformation of the Vikings Raids on the Aethelraed’s Kingdom The Danes Conquer England The Empire of Cnut The Thunderbolt of the North The Struggle for England The Kingdom of Man and the Isles TheTwillight of Viking Scotland Scandinavia After the Vikings The Early Scandinavian Church Viking Kings and Rulers Further Reading Index Acknowledgements Back cover 100 106 108 110 118 120 122 124 124 128 130 132 134 136 138 139 144 145PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 27 Wrights Lane. London W8 5TZ, England Penguin Putnam Inc.. 375 Hudson Street, New York. New York 10014, USA Penguin Books Australia Lid, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcam Avenue, Toronto, Ontario. Canada M4V 3B2 Penguin Books (NZ) Ltd, 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand Penguin Books Lid, Registered Offices: Harmondsworth, Middiesex, England First published 1995 Published simultaneously by Viking 657910864 Text copyright © John Haywood, 1995 Design and maps copyright © Swanston Publishing Limited, 1995 All rights reserved The moral right of the author has beer asserted Printed and bound in Great Britain by The Bath Press. Avon Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without 8 similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser ISBN 0-14-0-51328-0