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The OSI Model is based on the layered approach and is made up of 7 layers. Each
layer is discussed in brief as given below:-
This layer transmits data over a physical medium. Data are sent bit by bit.
Services:- Ethernet (CSMA/CD), Token Ring (Token Passing), and other communicat
ions occur.
Functions :- Repeaters and multiplexers are used in this layer.Bits are sent acr
oss the wire.
This layer sends data from network layer to physical layer. It manages physical
layer communications between connecting systems. Data frames are sent between la
yers.
Functions :- Switches, brouters and bridges are used in this layer using the MA
C sublayer.
This layer translates system names into addresses. This layer is responsible for
addressing, determining routes for sending, managing network traffic problems,
packets switching, routing, data congestion, and reassembling data.
Datagrams are sent between layers.
Protocol:- N/A
Functions :- Gateways.
This layer translates data into a form usable by the application layer. The redi
rector operates here. It is responsible for protocol conversion, translating and
encrypting data, and managing data compression.
Messages are sent between layers.
Protocol:- NCP
Services:- Telnet, FTP use TCP, TFTP, NFS, SNMP, SMTP use TCP.
Functions :- Gateways
Services:- Telnet, FTP use TCP, TFTP, NFS, SNMP,SMTP use TCP.