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Danielle Hernandez
everyone ever night; however, what would happen if someone could consciously have
power over their dreams and manipulate those involved in said dream? The fact that
you are not consciously responsible for what you do in your dreaming world is thrown
aside. How moral are the decisions made during one of these “lucid dreams”?
manipulation within lucid dreams, a basic understanding of the science and history of
lucid dreams is necessary. Historically, lucid dreaming has been around for thousands
to the spirit world.” Great minds such as Aristotle and St. Augustine were some of the
first to write about this phenomenon. In 415, Augustine had written a letter regarding a
man by the name of Gennadius who experienced what we, today, would recognize as a
lucid dream. Tibetan Buddhists have been practicing lucid dreaming as “dream yoga”
for ages, as well. Although these dreamers did not have a name for what they were
experiencing, it is clear to scientists today that it is what we call lucid dreaming. This
term was coined by a Dutch psychiatrist named Frederik van Eeden in 1913 who began
the scientific studies on it. Today, the most prominent name in the studies of lucid
dreaming is Dr. Stephen LaBerge, founder of the Lucidity Institute where he conducts
cognitive studies to better understand the dreaming and the waking mind. (Lambert)
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It is often difficult for some people to grasp the concept of being aware of
dreaming. Scientifically, a person must be conscious while you are dreaming a normal
dream to an extent. If a person were not somewhat conscious, they would not have the
ability to recollect their dreams and relay them when awake. The difference between
regular dreaming and lucid dreaming is your ability to use your conscious mind and
Dr. LaBerge conducted studies to prove that the dreaming individual was, in
fact, fully conscious, and not simply just assuming so. He began by developing a new
invention at Stanford University called the DreamLight system. This equipment looks a
lot like a high-tech sleeping mask connected to a small biofeedback computer. This
system is used to initiate the lucid dream by flashing a light in your eyes when you
enter REM sleep (the deepest stage of sleep where dreaming occurs) to remind you that
you are sleeping. (Courtney) After LaBerge felt that the lucid dream had initiated, he
waited for eye-motion cues. Since most of the body is physically immobilized while
sleeping, LaBerge had instructed the test subjects to move their eyes in distinct right-
left-right patterns to prove that they were conscious. Sure enough, the experimentation
The practice of lucid dreaming can be both supplemental and beneficial but it
can also be used immorally and wrongfully. Since lucid dreaming gives the dreamer
just as much, if not more, free-will as they have in their waking life, it is up to the
Those who have experienced a lucid dream once before will usually wish to
have one again because of their extreme realism and limitlessness. They can be used in
positive ways such as helping to cope with chronic nightmares, training for athletic
endeavors, and practicing artistic techniques. (Holt) This is possible due to the research
of sleep studies that show that, while performing a task within a lucid dream, you
experience the same brain functions as you would experience while doing the same task
in your waking life. Respiratory and hormonal activities are the same and even some
motor activities are performed in the same way while dreaming. (LaBerge, and
Rheingold 25-28)
In the circumstances where the individual dreamer decides to use this very
realistic type of dream for immoral purposed, all aspects of the moral spectrum could
be considered. Sexual morality would need to be considered when lucid dreams become
“wet dreams.” “Wet dream” is the name given to dreams where primarily adolescent
boys and men experience actual sexual feelings and even orgasms within dreams.
(LaBerge, and Rheingold 26) This could be especially controversial when you bring
would need to be brought into the light in lucid dreams where the dreamer willingly and
viciously attacks or kills a dream character (whether or not they represent a real person
in their waking life) or themselves. Although every aspect of morality can come into
question since lucid dreaming is an alternate reality, it ultimately can water down to one
functioning in a very low stage of moral decision making. There are, obviously, no
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development when all they ask themselves is, “Will I be caught and punished?”
“Kohlberg calls stage one thinking ‘preconventional’ because children do not yet speak
as that which the big people say they must do.” (Crain 118-136). Those indulging in
maleficent lucid dreams would be functioning even below this very first stage of
preconventional morality. After all, why would anyone bother to do something for
anyone else in a fantastical dream when they could indulge in anything they wished?
The vice of manipulation is so very simple and is also very tempting to a dreamer.
and other people after the actual act of manipulating the person or situation. According
to Kent Beck, a computer engineer and author of several books pertaining to software
loses the trust of the people around you. (Beck) This could absolutely be held true in
your everyday life, but when it is considered in a dream, it is irrelevant since no one has
Another theory about manipulation which was proposed by Beck is that the real
habitual and becomes a way of life. (Beck) When taking a lucid dream into account,
you could use this as an argument. Although your dream manipulation of situations and
people is not instantaneously affecting your waking life, it could become a habit and
begin to carry into your waking life. For example, according to lucidity scientists
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character in their waking lives. A group of both male and female lucid dreamers and
non-lucid dreamers were assessed for personality traits. Those who were lucid dreamers
Kent Beck also gave another example of how manipulation works. Using the
example of selling a car, Beck said that he could choose to be clear, resourceful, and
helpful to assist a client in finding the very best car. He could also choose the
manipulative path which would be most self-beneficial. “The flow of the conversation
in each case might be similar. Many of the words and phrases might be identical. It’s
the intent that’s difference.” (Beck) This would be a very good example to use in the
case of lucid dreaming. Both if you were manipulating a situation while dreaming or if
you were honestly participating in a situation in real life, the biological and
psychological aspects are identical however, your intent is different. When acting in
reality, you would act more responsibly than the way you would act within the dream.
sexual activity within a lucid dream may, in fact, be the most moral and ethical thing to
do. Certain studies have shown that lucid dreaming could be a cathartic way of coping
with your vices. It can be argued that it is far better to engage in these negative
behaviors while they do not directly affect other people around than to keep them
bottled up to, perhaps, seep out into your waking life and cause actual harm.
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Common Good” can be used as evidence and support. The Common Good principle, as
give by the Ascension Health Ethics Department states: “Society should allow each of
its members to fulfill his or her vocation. Insofar as it presupposes social welfare, the
common good requires that the infrastructure of society is conducive to the social well
being and development of its individual members.” (AHED) When you use this as an
argument, it would help conclude that the catharsis experienced in a lucid dream, no
matter what the dreamer consciously entails, would be a benefit to the social well being
Also relating to the same issue would be the Principle of Beneficence along with
the Principle of Nonmaleficence. Together, these two principles basically instruct you
to “first, do no harm” and then focus on “do good and avoid evil.” (AHED) Although
morally acceptable since you are, foremost, doing no harm to others or to yourself.
After taking this into account, you would then avoid the evil of it altogether. When
engaging in conscious evil past the point of therapeutic catharsis, then you are crossing
Although it may seem that, in this case, it would be morally acceptable to have
malevolent lucid dreams for cathartic purposed, it can all be contradicted by one of the
most difficult ethical principles, the Principle of the Double Effect. Again the
Ascension Health Ethics Department states: “When there is a clash between the two
universal norms of ‘do good’ and ‘avoid evil,’ the question arises as to whether the
obligation to avoid evil requires one to abstain from a good action in order to prevent a
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foreseen but merely permitted concomitant evil effect.” (AHED) This clash is very
A second principle given to counter the argument further would be the Principle
of Human Dignity. In this principle, it is stated that “every human being should be
unique expression of life, with an integrated bodily and spiritual nature.” (AHED)
Manipulation is the very opposite of respect for human dignity. Though you are not
physically humiliating or abusing the person, you are being disrespectful all the same. It
is stressed that you must respect human dignity both in body and in spirit- both
physically and mentally. Consciously having another person act in a way they would
not and have not consented in acting is an outright attack on that human’s dignity.
Principle of Integrity and Totality can be used to argue that manipulation within lucid
dreams is either moral or immoral. In the 1965 Pastoral Constitution on the Church in
the Modern World (Section 61), Pope Paul VI describes this principle and instructs
people to "preserve a view of the whole human person in which the values of the
The part of this statement that may leave people torn would be the part
regarding will. If human will is pre-eminent, would this mean that, since you will it,
you should be able to freely use your ability to manipulate anything at your will within
your dream or would it mean that you would have to suppress your manipulation to
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preserve the free will of those dream characters that you manipulate? If you choose the
former argument over the latter, however, you would end up contradicting the purpose
of the principle on the whole. The Principle of Integrity is not, foremost, a Principle of
Free Will. You must preserve will, of course, but it must be preserved along with
fraternity and conscience. You can exhibit your free will insofar as it respects some
kind of conscious decision and is not harmful to society as a whole. You must use
integrity in your actions while in a lucid dream just as you would use the same amount
of integrity within your waking life. It simply becomes a much more difficult and much
more tempting situation when you know that, regardless of your ignorance of integrity
is, the effect will not be real and you will not be at physical fault. In the end, it is a
Lucid dreaming can be used for beneficial purpose however; it can be a very
dangerous practice when you begin using it for ill will. It can be safely assumed that
lucid dream, alone, cannot be deemed immoral. Only the individual’s integrity when it
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