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Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
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(Intrepid rthe
apt,un Af,in I Bcxi, ( SN', Pilot of
lunar module).
the Captain Richard Gordon, USN, Pilot of the
command module Yankee Clipper, who
Spacecraft Commander Captain Charle,
Conrad, USN, who, along %vide Bean, won
kept watch from lunar orbit %chile his crew praise from the mission scientists for the
mates walked on the Moor. work on the Moon.
Lift Off
for the
Ocean of Storms
As Apollo 12 lift-off time platform, heart of the spacecraft 12 was placed in a trajectory
approached, a low overcast moved guidance system, was "just that lacked the free return
in over the launch area and rain drifting all over the place." factor. This was necessitated by the
fell. The question of delaying Discussing the incident a few location of the landing site. Had
the launch was discussed and, minutes later into the flight, the a malfunction kept it out of
after a search plane reported that crew commented, "We all said lunar orbit, it would have swung
there was no lightning within there were so mariv trouble lights into a highly elliptical Earth orbit
20 miles of the launch pad, the on we cou!dn't read them." that would have made its return
mission directors eiected to to Earth far more complicated.
The flash triggered overload
launch on schedule. A significant feature of Apollo
detectors and circuit breakers in
The countdown proceeded the electrical s ystems into 3n 12's lunar journey was its pinpoint
smoothly to ignition and then automatic disconnect. Thi, landing 600 feet from Surveyor
liftoff exactly as planned, and dropped the entire load on the 3 (an unmanned spacecraft that
the huge Saturn V space backup battery system. In an landed on the Moon in April,
vehicle cleared the gantry and emergency of this kind, this is 1967). Once set in the correct
climbed deliberately toward the what is supposed to happen. lunar orbit, the crew avoided
overcast. As it entered the clouds, activities, such as the dumping of
a bolt of lightning arced between Within roughly 3 minutes, the wastes, that would have
the rocket and the ground. For crew had closed the circuit caused minor changes in its flight
a few heartstopping seconds breakers and overload detectors. path. During the second phase of
there was silence, and then details All circuits were back in operation the landing maneuver, the powered
started coming back from the and the fuel cells again on-line. descent, Spacecraft Commander
Command Module (CM). When the spacecraft entered Charles Conrad manipulated the
From the spacecraft: "Okay, we Earth's shadow on its first orbit, on-board computer to compensate
just lost the platform, gang. I Command Module Pilot Richard for errors that would have landed
don't know what happened here. Gordon, took star sights and used the Lunar Module (LM) 5 miles
We had everything in the world the navigational fix, thus obtained north of its target.
drop out . . . fuel cell, lights, to right the gu'Jance platform. E.tablishing the capability for a
and AC buss light, fuel cell Apollo 12 made a significant pinpoint landing, a major objective
disconnect, AC buss overload, departure from the course followed of the mission, makes feasible the
one and two main buss A and B by previous manned lunar plans for future Apollo missions
out . . ." The vital inertial missions. The three predecessor that are targeted for upland and
missions had flown a free return mountainous areas of the Moon
trajectory wherein, if the where rough terrain makes
spacecraft failed to achieve lunar precise navigation essential.
orbit, it would loop around the
Moon and return to Earth. Apollo
.. ^ __^
^.,.^ T' .
The
Lunar
Field
Trips
he said, "that some of these rocks one-sixth that of Earth's. Conrad The dust quickly coated the
have different colors and differ( nt commented: "I have the distinct ALSEP (Apollo Lunar Surface
textures, but from here in the impression I don't want to move Experiments Package) instruments
spacecraft . . . they all apr.^ar to too rapidly. But I can walk quite even as they were being
be of the same material and they well." deployed. One astronaut
all appear to be pure white." After an exchange with Houston, commented, "There's no way to
Subsequently, while on the Bean told Conrad, "Boy, you sure handle all this equipment with
second walk, both Conrad and lean forward." Conrad rejoined, all the dust on it. Every time
Bean were to report grey, tan and ". . . don't think you're gonna y ou move something the dust
brown tones which they steam around here quite as fast as flies . . . goes %vay up in the
tentatively linked to the Sun's you thought you were." air and comes in and lands
angle of elevation and whether on you."
they were looking down-Sun or The powder-like dust on the
Moon's surface that was to plague Conrad's first task was collecting
across it.
the astronauts throughout both the contingency sample, a bagful
They reported rock-rimmed their walks was quickly evident. It of black soil. With Bean
craters of varying sizes in almost eddied in a thick cloud below the assisting he undertook to deploy
every direction. Some of the LM as the spacecraft approached the S-band antenna, a dish-shaped
boulders were very large, on the the lunar surface, forcing device to augment their radio
order of 20 feet. They also noted Conrad to land on instruments. signal strength, and encountered
what they suspected was bedrock. As Conrad took his first steps on the first of a sequence of min.-)r
Conrad was first out of the LM the Moon, Bean told him, ".. . problems with their equip. lent.
and began his chores with an your boots are digging in the They had trouble getting the
ebullience that was to characterize soil quite a bit . . . your antenna into a stable position
the actions of both astronauts left foot has a big mound ahead of and finally resolved the matter by
throughout their time on the lunar it right now just pushing along." pushing the legs of the supporting
surface. The first moments As they unloaded the LM with the tripod into the lunar surface.
outside %s ere spent getting pulley arrangement, both After planting the American flag,
acclimated to a lunar gravity reported they were getting dirty. the astronauts set about deploying
Bean lifts the hot plutonium core, sheathed
in its cask, from its place of storage
aboard the Intrepid. The generator
is in the foreground
Surface Magnetometer The magnetometer recorded a the lunar surface within a matter
A component of the ALSEP that magnetic field with its focus 600 of feet—and perhaps a property of
returned unexpected information feet from the instrument—a the lunar structure. It is possible that
was the surface magnetometer, distance that could be either vertical it is held to this low altitude by the
designed to determine if there was or lateral. This field could extend force of the solar wind.
a lunar magnetic field and, over half the Moon's surface. Early in its period of operation,
if so, to measure it. Though very weak, the the magnetometer passed through
The instrument also provided magnetometer reported it at least the bow shock wave which is
data on the electromagnetic four times stronger than that created by the encounter of the solar
disturbances created by the solar recorded by the Explorer satellite wind with Earth's geomagnetic tail.
wind. In addition to the light it IMP (for Interplanetary Monitoring This wave and an adjacent area of
gives out, the un radiates vast Platform) from its orbit above the turbulence on the side of the wave
quantities of ionized particles of Moon. The IMP read the field away from the solar wind are of
energy spun out into space at strength at 5 gamma while the particular interest to science. As
tremendous velocities. This "wind" surface magnetometer set the level it passed through the bow shock,
also contains magnetic fields that at between 20 and 30 gamma. For the instrument recorded three
geophysicists want to measure. purposes of comparison, Earth's separate "bounces" with values of
Finally, besides its electromagnetic magnetic field is 23,000 gamma. 90 gamma, 120 gamma and 80
effect, the extent to which the solar The new data suggests that the gamma, the highest ever recorded
wind penetrates the Moon will assist Moon's magnetic field is close to in the vicinity of the Moon.
in determining the Moon's These "bounces" lasted
composition. approximately 3 minutes and
were several hours apart. They
could have been caused by
fluctuations in the bow shock
striking the magnetometer at
random or could be attributed to
solar flares.
11 u timgnrtrirm icr icvn(v tort,pround)
whrrh provided new data on the M11oon's
rnagnc tic field.
Like the solar wind, the penetration the powered instruments of the The astronauts continued in a
these relatively strong impulses ALSEP. They selected a spot about northwesterly direction from the
achieve into the Moon provides 600 feet northwest of the LM ALSEP passing within a few feet of
information on its structure. When on the far side of a small crater. Shelf crater, a feature about 1,000
the Moon's orbit swung the sensor This was so the instruments would feet in diameter with large boulders
clear of Earth's magnetic tail, not be disturbed by the blast of the in its basin. They told Houston,
readings dropped to 40 gamma, LM's ascent engine on lift-off "... we're looking down at this big
which was construed to be a from the Moon. crater and it looks rather old and
combination of the effect of the it has bedrock at the bottom ...
The deployment was not without
Moon's internal field of 30 gamma there are some big boulders resting
difficulties. Despite the astronauts'
and a solar wind field of inside the rim ... we don't see any
initial efforts, the Lunar Atmosphere
approximately 10 gamma. It will outcrop of rocks either ... say,
Detector toppled over on its side
require another magnetometer at a well, from the top of the rim down
and the aluminum skirt of the
differem sanding site to resolve the to about 20 feet." They passed
seismometer persisted in curling
question of fundamental some small, very fresh craters
up at the edges as a result of it
importanre: i.e., whether the as well.
having remained so long in the
field is a property of the whole rolled state in which it was For the return trip, they made a "U"
Moon or merel y of an area of the packed. The astronauts finally got turn and came back toward the LM
Moon. Experimenters believe that the detector to remain upright on a course parallel to, and east
readings from three complete 28- and a suggestion from Houston— of, their outward track. They passed
day lunar cycles will be needed to weight the edges of the skirt a mound that caused Bean to
before reliable average values down th some lunar dirt— exclaim: "I don't know, Houston,
are established. flattened the curl. Once they had what they are. They're just p ort of
pulled the plutonium core out mounds." After warning Houston
of its cask and inserted it into not to take the following comment
the power center, three of the the wrong way, he said, "It looks
instruments began operating like a small volcano only its just
immediately. about 4 feet high and abOL't 5 feet
V Wws -' ^_ - -
W
4
One of hvn mnunds reported by Bean,
a feature that puled the geologists.
across at the top. It slopes down crew had been able to penetrate The Power Center
to a base with a diameter of and with less resistance. The instruments making up the
15 to 20 feet." When Conrad's time on the surface ALSEP got power from a central
There were two such mounds—the reached 3 hours and 38 minutes, source unique in space history:
only two in the entire area of their Houston advised that they had a a SNAP 27—for Space Nuclear
walk or in the area they could cover fair amount of consumables Auxiliary Power. SNAP 27 is fueled
visually. Geologists on the ground remaining and not to rush too hard by a rod of uranium 238. Removing
speculated that they were piles of to get back into the spacecraft. the rod from its cask, and
coarse materials ejected from a The crew did their housekeeping, 'nserting it into the power unit was
crater. The astronauts spotted a stowed their rock collections and perhaps the astronauts' most ticklish
block too large for the tongs, so one the core sample. They also assignment of the mission.
pushed it over to the other who attempted to clean up. "Man, are Extraordinary precautions had been
picked it up and stowed it in his we filthy. We need ... a whisk taken to prevent a slip or
sample bag. broom." Then Conrad to Bean, mishandling which would have had
"Dust me off and I'll dust you off serious consequences. When the
Under instructions to return to the
and we'll get in." astronauts attempted to extract the
LM for rest, the two astronauts set
out for the spacecraft, stopping at rod from the shielded cask, it stuck.
intervals to pick up rocks that looked After repeated blows on the cask
interesting after photographing with a hammer, the rod was freed,
them in place. One of these v,ithdrawn from its container, and
inserted into the power unit
Conrad described as a "pure piece
of glass." without further difficulty. The
unit is generating 73.59 watts of
On reaching the vicinity of the electric power, higher than the
LM, Bean sank the core tube some design output. It has an operating
32 inches into the lunar surface, life of at least 2 years.
20 inches deeper than the Apollo 11
The
Long
Traverse
Lun g Atmosphere Detector After a 5 hour sleep and a could be examined, on return to
This instrument, which was conference with Houston about the Earth, for the effects of a 31-month
designed to measure the density of long traverse planned for the second exposure to the lunar environment.
the very attenuated lunar Moon walk, Conrad and Bean —ere They would then exit from the
atmosphere, was turned on between ready to return to the lunar sur..,ce. Surveyor crater and travel west
the first and second walks of the The traverse had been carefully to the LM.
Apollo 12 crew. A highly sensitive piotted so as to bring the astronauts
to local features with a special Conrad began his observations
instrument, its maximum reading is
potential for scientific finds. They while still in the spacecraft. "The
for an atmosphere with a density
were to leave the LM and skirt the material around the spacecraft .. .
one-millionth that of Earth.
northern rim of Head crater—one looking into the Sun ... a very rich
For reasons that are not clear, the
of the Snowman group Afte brown color like a good plowed
instrument ceased functioning
reaching the western side, they field ... down-Sun, it is still the
during the second Moon walk and
were to pa« between the inner pair same ash grey." He called attention
did not respond to turn-on
of three small craters and proceed to a 3 1/2-inch rock sitting, loose, 6
commands. Astronaut Conrad
nearly due south to Bench crater. inches from the engine bell of the
passed it during his walk and it is
From there they would swing LM that had not been blown
possible that the discharge of gas
west-by-south to the small away by the engine exhaust although
from his suit material overloaded
crater, Sharp. the ground around it had been
the sensor.
swept "glassy clean."
Next objective was Halo crater, a
small feature close to the southern En route to Head crater, at
rim of the crater in which Surveyor Houston's request, the solar wind
lay, east and north of Sharp. Their composition experiment was
rcute would then take them into photographed. Not a part of the
Surveyor crater and over to the ALSEP powered unit, this was a
Surveyor spacecraft for inspection strip of foil-like material shaped like
of the hardware and the removal of a window shade designed to trap
selected components so that these gas particles in the solar wind.
4 -cl •amply
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SHELF / / ^, •••
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Surveyor 3
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HEAD Informal crater name n ALSEP, apprm. location TQ Trench sae sample: trench with co a #_,
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- er best of —It,, rim gas analysis sample. en—onmental ,ample
p Lunar Module EVA 1 traverse Z Trench
Op
surveyor 3 spacecraft
H rye EVA 2 iraveru £113 Double core tube, #1 over #1
Map of both walks taken by the astronauts. The large central and right-hand craters form the head and body of
the "Snowman." The name is informal as are the names given the individual craters. The
second walk was approximately a mile long.
The device had been set up early in Conrad spotted a rock with small Both astronauts busied themselves
the first walk to give it maximum crystals, one "shining very, very taking pictl!res of the phenomena
exposure. The astronauts had bright and clean like a ginger ale they observed. In the terrain west
reported during the previous walk bottle." Bean told Houston that a of Head crater, Conrad kicked
that it had bent back around its crater, about three feet in diameter, the dark surface layer with his boot
supporting staff as though actually on the rim of [lead crater, had glass and uncovered lighter,
blown by a wind. A close-up beads on its floor and glass-coated cement-colored soil underneath.
inspection revealed the effect to be rock fragments. He speculated The development prompted the
an optical illusion. that the crater "was made by a not astronauts to trench the area, and
While Conrad was checking the very fast moving or energetic or they found lighter-colored, grainier
ALSEP, Bean found a "dandy extra heavy projectile." He collected material markedly different from
grapefruit-size rock." After making samples of the materials. He the surface layer. Bean took samples
sure that Bean was standing still to described to Houston "nice white from the bottom of the trench and
prevent his movements from small craters with white rims." stored them in a special container
registering on the seismome^er, which preserved the lunar
Conrad rolled the rock down the environment in which the rock
slope of Head crater. "It's strike was found.
down, hit, hit, hit. Now it's just
rolling ... roll, roll, roll." Houston
told the astronauts that the bouncing
rock had registered on the
seismograph. Other observers
doubted that there hdd been a
significant return of data.
10
I ocomotion in gravity 1/61h
that of Earth An astronaut gets
on hr, toes to begin a
lunar "lope."
The astronauts began a trek of 8 inches and they took samples. Surface material in the vicinity of
southward, picking up samples as Conrad then took a core tube Halo crater differed from the smooth
they went. They commented that sample from the bottom of top layer over which the astronauts
every crater contained the glass the trench. had been walking. Bean described
beads and described rounded rocks Houston transmitted directions to it as "more cohesive ... in clumps."
with skirts of surface dust on all Halo crater, the next stop. As the They took a double core tube
sides. On approaching Bench crater, astronauts passed south of Bench sample, using the hammer to drive
Conrad stated that it was very crater, they reported firmer footing. the tube its full 32-inch length into
different from Head crater, with Bean said that, as he pushed off, the soil. One rock that caught
what looked like bedrock on its the toes of his boots sank in about Conrad's eye looked like "granite"
floor and material that appeared to 3 inches, but on landing (it wasn't) and had a large glass
have been melted. Bean thought flatfooted, the heels sank in only t/e splotch on it.
the tiny central peak in the crater of an inch. Conrad commented In collecting samples, Bean devised
also had a melted appearance. that in moving he felt like a giraffe a means to make leaning over and
Near the rim of Bench crater, the running in slow motion. Bean told picking up a rock easier. By
astronauts encountered rocks with Houston that he got the "decided grasping a strap on Conrad's
an iridescent coating and others feeling" he was going to sleep that backpack and steadying him as he
that were splattered with glass. night, and that he could go for a bent over, Bean compensated for the
The astronauts walked west about good drink of ice water. awkwardness resulting from the
300 feet to Sharp crater which was rigidity of the pressurized spacesuits
small enough to raise doubts that and the difficulties with balance in
they had located the right feature. a low-gravity environment. Conrad
Sharp had a white rim, raised about advised Houston th.c he had yet to
2 feet, of much softer material
than had previously been
encountered. Surrounding the
crater was a radial pattern of rays.
Bean trenched the area to a depth 11
An astronaut forces the core tube into the
lunar surface to obtain subsurface samples
of lunar material.
op:.
An astronaut prepares to cut off Surveyor's
trenching scoop to return it to Earth
for analysis.
;7m- w., - -
Conrad and Bean unlimbered a interesting," with a lot of bedrock successors easier and more efficient.
cutting tool and snipped off two in it and big, chunky rocks with Both Bean and Conrad were critical
pieces of tubing—one painted and sharp corners blown up out of it. of some of the equipment with
the other unpainted. A tube that On the way back to the LM, the which they had to work. On several
they had been assigned to get astronauts collected additional occasions, Bean commented on
proved too thick and tough for the samples and took more pictures. difficulties with the rock bags and
tool so they cut another. They also Among the last of the photos was noted the need for sturdier
cut off a length of cable, the the area under the engine of the LM construction. They had to make a
Surveyor's trenching scoop, and the that had been swept clean of dust quick fix on a set of scales and they
spacecraft's camera. With these by the engine exhaust. were less than pleased with the
pieces of salvage, a laboratory tool carrier. Houston made note of
examination would reveal how the The astronauts' experience in the problems with their hand
various coatings reacted to working on the lunar surface will cameras, and the difficulties in
prolonged exposure to the Moon's make the Moon walks of their stabilizing ALSEP instruments will
environment. The camera would be the subject of study before the
show how electrical, mechanical and next Apollo launch. It may well be
solid state components and the that Bean's method of dealing with
thermal control coating had been the uncertainty of balance while
affected. All the parts would be leaning over will result in future
checked for chemical properties and spacesuits coming equipped with
the scoop given a microbiological a handle on the back that a partner
examination. While at Surveyor, can hold while the astronaut bends.
the astronauts completed a photo
assignment and filled a bag full
of samples.
Block crater, an impact feature
within the larger Surveyor crater,
was described as "fantastically 13
Rejoining
Yankee
Clipper
One of the critical maneuvers in a "It's good." Intrepid: " I don't know. You look
lunar mission, where there is no awfully good yourself."
"Pitchover looking good."
recourse from an engine failure, is Shortly after this exchange the two
the ascent from the lunar surface to Thirty seconds after liftoff thev
spacecraft were station keeping;
re idezvous with the mother ship. were 1,594 feet above the ;unar
and began the cautious, creeping
The LM's designers entrusted the surface.
final approach. Finally, from Yankee
task of boosting it back into lunar "We're on our way. This program Clipper, the active member in the
orbit to the ascent engine of the looks good. Keeping right down the docking maneuver, ... .. and you're
LM's upper stage, a constant-thrust pike. What a nice ride." home free boys." Intrepid
rocket engine that engineers have At 4 minutes and 8 seconds they responded, "Super job you did.
described as one of the world's most were travelling at 2,400 feet per That was cool, wasn't even a ripple."
beautifully simple examples of second relative to the Moon, and Yankee Clipper and Intrepid were
engineering design. Except for the gaining speed. Seven minutes after firmly joined once more.
bell-shaped nozzle, every lift-off, velocity had built to 5,000
component of significance has a feet per second. Seconds later, the
backup ready to take over in case crew shut off the engine. Intrepid
it fails. had achieved lunar orbit.
After an intensive checkout of the As they started their catch-up
systems of the upper stage, and a maneuvers with Yankee Clipper,
lengthy exchange of situation checks Conrad told Houston, "I sure do
with Houston, Intrepid radioed, enjoy flying this thing." Intrepid
"The engine is fired." During the and Yankee Clipper steadily cut the
seconds following, Intrepid distance separating them from 140
transmitted a series of staccato miles, to 80 miles and finally fro nn
reports on the ascent. Yankee Clipper, "Hey, Pete, I've
got you at 6/10 of a mile. How
can you look so good if you're
so ugly?" is
Intrepid's pcm cred descent on its last flight picks up speed
for science. The LM ...
16
... as it arches down ... toward (lie lunar surface.
Early examination of the The team of investigators offered Geophysicists are now awaiting
seismometer data reveals that the several tentative hypotheses. The Apollo 13 which will crash the larger
signal was received on the three most plausible was that the shock Saturn V third stage into the Moon
pipe-like axes of the instrument that waves traveled through a severely at a point from 200 to 400 miles
parallel the surface, but not on the fragmented structure--a rubble from the seismometer. The more
vertical axis. If the vertical axis was that was sandwiched between two severe the impact, the more
functioning, this established that reflective rock layers, the deepest information it will yield.
the shock wave traveled through the of which was roughly 10 kilometers
surface strata but lacked the below the lunar surface. In this
strength to penetrate deep into the formation, they bounced back and
Moon and bounce back to the forth as they would in an echo
instrument. The signal was of low chamber.
frequency and extremely low Crashing the LM into the Moon
velocity: less than the velocity of provided the investigators with an
sound in air. invaluable yardstick for reading
seismic data. The mass, velocity and
point of impact of the LM were
precisely known. It is thus possible
to evaluate signals produced by
other events by comparing them
with the "gong" produced by
the LM.
The more than 20 events recorded
b^ the Apollo 11 seismometer since
July 1969 can now be correctly
interpreted, as well as readings
from the instrument carried on the
Apollo 12 mission. 17
11"'
A
Veritable
Feast
Despite chuckles and whoops, and
Conrad's humming from time to
time, the sample collection that the
crew of Apollo 12 brought back
to Houston, and the commentary the
crew supplied, verified the fact that A m it rock duv(tl) onrh r the 6Urepid. the exhaust swept
the adjacrnt udacri clear of dust hue did not mrnr the rock.
they were indeed good "rock
hounds." While the study of the
samples and accompanying pictures
is still in the preliminary stages,
scientists are suggesting unique, and
heretofore not possible, models
which will lead to an understanding
of the complex composition and
history of the Moon.
The total of returned samples from
Apollo 12 was approximately 75
pounds. The rocks vary from fine to
c r- - rse grained. One crystalline
ruck was very unusual because of
large crystals more than 1 inch
long. While scientists are not
agreed on how such crystals may
have been formed, to one school of
thought, this indicates high
pressures and temperatures and Another lunar rock With an iridescent coating.
slow cooling. This group believes
that such slow cooling occurs only
at depths of more than a kilometer
or in a massive lava flow that is Geologists are of the opinion that on Apollo 11. The fourth rock was
cooling at its base. Another group the surface layer of pulverized much coarser grained and
of scientists ascribe to the material has been extensively chemically different from the Apollo
"Hot-Moon" model. They suggest churned by micrometeorite impacts 11 samples. Its chemistry has
that these large crystals are evidence which thoroughly mixed the indicated that potassium,
that the Moon was once made up materials. One experimenter uranium and thorium are in greater
of hot, igneous rocks formed from a described it as a "big blanket of abundance while the titanium
silicate liquid. They are not certain beat up soil." content was less than half that of
what caused the melting—perhaps rocks from the previous flight.
The lunar samples lack hydrated
volcanism or perhaps impact of While the samples returned on
minerals which suggests that
very large meteoroids; but what Apollo 11 were 75 percent breccia,
water did not exist when they were
ever it was, they believe the Moon
formed. There was no vesicular the breccia on Apollo 12 was less
may have been hot for a long time—
rock —rock with small than 5 percent. Glass spherules
from 500 million to a billion years.
spherical pockets in its matrix. Three were noted in both missions, but
Age determinations on samples
of the four large rocks gathered there were fewer glass beads in
from both Apollo missions
by Bean near the end of the second Apollo 12 material. The fine material
suggest this.
walk were fine grained basalt with returned was probably igneous
In their lunar traverse, the some crystal-lined cavities lava that had cooled quickly with a
astronauts covered three different — presumably remnants of gas rapid escape of gases.
types of surface. One was grooved bubbles similar to those that One can say without question that
and was first observed by Conrad appeared in the samples collected new finds from Apollo 12 and the
in the area of the Lunar Module; a
striking variation from Apollo 11
second, the firmer surface that are dramatic proof that the Moon is
Conrad and Bean reported south of an inhomogeneous body with a
Bench crater; and the third, the very complex history.
soft, powdery dust encountered
around `harp crater and inside
several of the very small craters. 19
The
Long
Voyage
Home
Yankee Clip per splashes down in
choppy seas.
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Ilk-
^4 ors
AL -
Ire
aR _ Tq
fA-
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o
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