BOOKLET ACCOMPANIES BY CASSETTE 442 3474 MaeCONTENTS | INTRODUCTION GENERAL EXPRESSIONS Salutations Pe eco -1 Visits and introductions 1 Inquiries on the Street — 3 Everyday Expressions ........ 3 cimemeNSOS PERSONAL NEEDS Food ee 5 At the Amusement Places 6 Al the Hotel... ee At the Restaurant . 8 TIME, NUMBERS, COLORS Days of the Week .. 9 Months of the Year . 10 Season—Weather . 10 Time 1 Numbers . 2 Colors 4 COMMUNICATIONS At the Post Office . 4 At the Telegraph Station mht Al the Telephone a 15 Handling Money . 16 At Customs 16 TRANSPORTATION | Means of Transportation . 7 Railway Travel 7 At the Airport ; 18 © 1974 Educational Services, Washington, D.C. } Driving an Automobile . . 18 ‘Ail ghts reseed. No par ofthis Book may be roproduoed Automobile Maintenance -20 in any form without pormssion fom tho pubishe: SOCIAL CUSTOMS AND POLITE EXPRESSIONS 2 ‘Al Languago/90 components produced in the U.S.A. Important Signs ...ccccceeeeceeeee 24 ALHAMBRA PUBLIC LIBRARYStart cassette SIDE 1 and listen to the taped introduction before reading. INTRODUCTION ‘More people speak Chinese than any other of the world’s lan- guages. Its the official language for the approximately 850,000, 000 population of the People's Republic of China and is spoken by millions more in Taiwan and in the colonies of overseas Chinese in South East Asia, North and South America, and other parts of the world, ‘The Chinese given in the cassettes and booklet is standard Mandarin, known in Chinese as Givo yu (national language). With local variations, this is the native language of about 85% of the Chinese people. Its the medium of instruction in nearly all Chinese schools, worldwide, except in Hong Kong There are several other Chinese dialects that ace related lin- suisticaly, Numerically the most important of these are Canton- se (spoken in Kwangtung province, Hong Kong, and overseas, including the United States), Wu (spoken in the Shanghai area), ‘Amoy (spoken in Fukien, Taiwan and Singepore), and Hakka (spoken in parts of Kwangtung, Kwangsi, Fukien and Taiwan) The first three are spoken by well over 30 million people each, while Hakka has about half as many speakers. This cassette course has been prepared to furnish you with the basic phrases you will need to communicate in Chinese: what you wish to say and what you can expect to hear in reply. The Chinese phrases you will hear when you listen to the cas- settes will enable you to make yourself understood and estab- lish communication so you can’get what you want, find your way about, and make friends in China. The phrases on the as- settes are short, easy to repeat and memorize, and they are the phrases that Chinese people use many times each day. The number of words and phrases employed in everyday con- versation is surprisingly small, and the vocabulary of this cas- Sette course includes and stresses these. Your repetition of these a key phrases will give you an instinetive grasp of how Chinese is Put together. It will help you to make your own sentences as you learn new words. You will discover that simply listening, reading, and repeating the Chinese souds will give you a head star in speaking modern idiomatic Chinese. After a brief introduction by Chaties Berlitz, the well known linguist, you will hear phrases in English immediately translated into Chinese, repeated twice, and followed by 2 pause. During the pause say the Chinese words aloud. Remember, you can always stop the cassette and replay any phrase you feel unsure bout. Just listening is not enough! You must repeat the words and phrases listened to, a5 often as possible, Say the words aloud many times to impress them on your memory. The Chi- nese phrases are spoken at normal conversational speed, as you will hear them spoken by Chinese people. Practice repeating them at the same speed in order to be understood. It has been proven by testing that a word spoken 10 to 20 times will impress itself on the conscious mind more readily than a word seen 50 to 100 times. When the two systems are combined, a5 in this course, you will be surprised at the case with which you will acquire a whole new vocabulary. Ater reading this introduction, notice that on page 1 the En- lish phrase is on the left, and the equivalent Chinese phrase, written in English letters, in the middle. The characters at the fight may be used to point out what you want to sy if pro: nouncing a phrise is difficult. The beautiful Chinese script is also well worth examining and, in time, studying as a way of understanding the people and culture of China, Itis interesting to note that all Chinese dialects use the same writing system — aan important link in national unity that makes Cantonese and Mandarin mutually understandable when written, although not when spoken. Some Chinese ideographs were originally pictures, and these are frequently combined. When the character "wor an," for example, is combined with that for “child,” it means “good.” One woman under a roof means “peace.” The com bination of “tree and “sun” form a character meaning “east and this is sometimes explained as the morning sun seen through the tees. However, such traditional explanations, while helptul in memorizing the characters, do not explain everything. For example the characters “east” and “west” written in sequence represent a two syllable word meaning “thing The word for “middle” is also the Chinese word for “Chin (the Middle Kingdom), going back to an early concept that the Chinese Empire was the center of civilization, with other, less Givilized nations on its fringes Chinese grammar is relatively simple and, like English, de- pends largely on word order for meaning, rather than changes in word forms‘The pronoun list below will help you identify these important little words when you hear them in Chinese. English Pronunciation Chinese 1 we BK you * % he, she, It @ we we wSmen Ht you nimen ti 4 they tf men A eA English, in common with many other languages, uses tonal ‘changes to indicate meaning, such as the difference between a statement and a question. In English the tone is related to the sentence pattern, and not to the word. (Different words may be substituted to change the meaning without changing the tonal pattern of the sentence.) In Chinese the tone is an inherent part of the word. The Chi- nese must, therefore, use a different method in asking ques- tions, rather than depending on tone alone? It is important to learn the sentence patterns provided, as, otherwise, your ques- tions may not be identified as such, ‘Mandarin Chinese has four major tones and a fifth called a light tone. Since the tones are pronounced correctly on the cassettes, simply pronounce the words as you hear them and your own tones will be correct. The four tones are relative to each other, not a matter of ab- solute pitch, and they are given the following tone marks in the book: 1, Normal tone (flat) — mi 2. Said as if asking question — md = “hemp” 3. Said as if saying wh-a-a-t? — m3 4. Said as if giving an order — m& = “scold” ‘The use of the same syllable in the above shows how the tone can completely change the meaning of a word. Now proceed with the book and tum on the cassette. And, as soon as you are familiar with the cassette tape, put the book aside and practice repeating each phrase aloud in the time pause after the Chinese phrase is repeated for the second time. We suggest that you play these cassettes not only at special "study times” but at different times during the day, even when you are doing something else, like getting dressed, having breakfast or a coffee break, sipping cocktails, ignoring a TV commercial, or in bed, before going to sleep. Each time you hear and practice repeating the language will become easier; and the more often you repeat the words and phrases the better you will remember them. Finally they will easily come to mind as needed, ‘masculine, feminine and neuter gender GENERAL EXPRESSIONS exctisi PRONUNCIATION CHINESE SALUTATIONS Good morning, Dalusin, RE? RE. Mr tee syiwheng Good afternoon, Win, IF PRR Mr toe sinshens Good evening, Winn, mR eRE Mr tee. sinshene How are yout Ni bu mat Ew? lam very pleased WS hn glusying gL 8 EBD Ue to moet you ivin iw Thank you Sylaye Mate. Please ing a Good by. Osi jyin ae VISITS AND INTRODUCTIONS Do you know him? Nf inahr ei mate RL BR LH Allow me to Ring wi iySshau eh Se $e Fp th introduce him. her a td myst wif Rad Here is my card she wide mingpyin, ERROAH + How do you do? Thu ma? RF TB oe ‘Ae you Mi teet_——Nishe ayinsheng ma? Gh J Ae 3G fE aS 2 Where are you Ni fat nar KEE MM? staying? 1am staying at WS jidadi iguin he CE te Me GAB the hate Do you speak NE hw sh KA RRKM ? English? Ying wen ma? Yes, a ile Hw vir mR:ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION CHINESE ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION CHINESE I dont speak your WS b6d hwai shws ARK AK AH mother iihin BB language wel imende ba husband synsheng RE Please speak slowly. ‘Ching nf shwo min we HR vidya. How is your son? Nide eér-dz hiu ma? — 4K 4) 58 F AF WH 2 Please repeat. ching dai shw aughver nyicer Km yibyin Please come agin. Ching dz I MOR | beg your pardon ee INQUIRIES ON THE STREET Excuse me for Dwkibuchy, diya me, BARE 7 ATH tk eee annie a Te Where is the Ching-wen yiuting BEE 7 BR Ae er ae pharmacy? dai nal? @? Please come 10 Ching if dia ws EB RRR Ge See SSS SS house for beast. lehveziuln, LL» Isis the way to JB du 1b dab ERSSGRE || a itngtan bare the business district? shing-yé chyii ma? BB 2 oa BA airport ftiiching, Fees s . bank yiohing Ri inner wna t oe eee a __ church yabting ae Lee athome? — Utdita dali yimat BA HE RNS? hospital rid Be ok ‘When willshe be back? Ti shémma shihod Wi fF BO GR > desmimetacce betvbalient fi aa museum bei pwn * er park “& Please come in, Ching jinlai a temple sietiyiu e Plmebesned, gcingésa. ae al railroad station wchifjan AM eee post office yéudng 96 BI a sea esiiees aoe Ba Please show me on Ching nf debt ins a OF AE 3 i cigarette? _ this map, shang ira w6 kin. #5 FRE You are welcome. Bkéchi. $8 oan What isthe name of Ching.wen i tau ind) > sue Bm May | offer you NT yu hé yidytr Ct ee this street? ivau shémma HRA? something to drink? dngsyl mat ee rringde? cat chi 1% EVERYDAY EXPRESSIONS Do you like teat Nisjthwan chi mat ARH BIEN 2 S Yes sh # | like coffe. W6 sftiwan Kane, RHE A ANE No Bush thas been a long dng shinge ALG EAC UR Td > : time since I saw ivan myin Ying BAT + ese: Seat you last. én le Excuse me. Dwdibuchi Please remember me Ching dti wS wanhou aU TC 421A) Bt 09 Maybe veya to your family, nde iyi Khe aa father ‘chin LB ey Ogg, EeENGUISH PRONUNCIATION _ CHINESE ENGUSH PRONUNCIATION —_CHINESE Is that so ‘YordniSi ritstt RR wn be Which way shall we W&men d26u nityéu 38 95 Hh HE BEDE? ‘Thank you very much, —_Hén syésye af. eeu fo net You are welcome. ai Kachi How much wil i cout_Jage if dvoshan chvént_S OLA So $B? na 6 gin shivin, #1 HH Lam grateful. WG hén gin syé. ix, pai MiG aol an ei 22280 is is the shortest ydu she dzwei a- =A Lam sorry. W6 hn bauchyan, To estore vives as 4 HARE Varies. Se ee ee ee us finde Ib. Bie {dont know Ws bul, eee eee 1 think so. WS sying. ivoushr 38 A WE ES BB itying PERSONAL NEEDS dont thinks, WS biting ying RRS HEAL « FOOD Good luck. Jani hay yin, ih ie FM + Where is the market? Ching-wén stitching i M8 > 7 48 4 3h Be careful! SySusyi eolene Bt REE TP néne Wa vi Where is the grocer Ching-wen dzShwodyin #8 fi 9 #E E interpreter? finnh rat - 3 r Where can | buy W6 dai nali néng RK te HE HE ED hat thst [8 she shémmat he id ote What that shrshémmat aT Mivclediett 3° S_shotsmai sete ee {want to buy apples. WG yiu mai ping gw0. BLUE BL HAL © ‘Where is the toilet? Ching-wen tse swis bananas sylingiyiu eK allt bean curd abuts ee eee beans ude What are you doing? __ NT ashi dew shémma are you deingt NF didi dawd shémmat = on, Where are you goingt Niu nl cyt be tek Lam going to school. W6 diu sywésyau chy, TR 2UM BE aE + ee Please show me. Ching géiw5 kinkan. fy RAAT © butter a eT cabbage tsunyni : Ching ay sa WATER Chine cabbage bai Pleo draw a Ching aT hwiyAll. BE Ge HE FR take dingiu picture of it. candy tinggwo GRkrGh aeons a cD cheese ‘ile Please wait until Ching nf eng wi ER ER» ‘ Wome bce ime i‘ Serie ross chicken i We will go right Women fke jyduyau 82 AF] ME 5 it BE aE chocolate chyiukent aay. dra le T. clams se T should like to Woke henry RMA cocceon ee coffee vate accompany you. dad, #. Enid en 4 5 eeeincusH PRONUNCIATION CHINESE eNcUISH PRONUNCIATION CHINESE dates debude RF What pay is scheduled Syisyingch pide FRM SPO ses idan Be i. next week? she shémma si? ge 2 at whe, an Please eserve two W3 yu ding hingiing THRE a dal =o tickets for Friday. syingchi wilde pybu. 7 i) BE « lemons ningréng we At what time does Fachu st shémma 3 RUBE AF BEB Be lobster Wingsya mR the play begin? shihbu kaliyin? Ba 2 fie none : R AT THE HOTEL mil nydunat 20 Where cin find a CHing-win shémma ay 9 FP BE oranges, iyGde fF) hotel? aifang yu WGgwin? Ay jie MH? oysters hu oe ‘a a. Waris th ate Gineowin ai gh > pp LEB a - per dayi sh sty eee pineapples boii ae cayee yan ree “ cm week vivingeht -Em eT “ ae month vige ye aA potatoes inBlingshi hem Do you accept ‘imen jyéshOu eA 8 AF ‘ice (uncooked) ot % eal cards? svingyung KE mata 2 rice (cooked) fan coe aE . Have you a 00m with Nien you te NAT HE HB BB 2 soda water Siashoti chshwit BATIK AOR ate Hower Buea soup ang 8 Have you an air Nfybu yOu Wingeht AT Hp He BD string beans déujyiu a8 conditioned room? _shbide fangiyan mat 5 fill WH? ee na A ¢ I want a beter Wo yu yige hiude HEHE — LAF OY eee ieee z a room, fngiyén. me oT bie cheaper rdnyide (ra enetiol Jas ae larger dade KA AT THE AMUSEMENT PLACES: SIDE 2 quiet njingde eww smaller syliude ay ey Whereis the theatre? Chingovén vieywin 8 9 eee : ai cat fate {Lam sleepy W6 hn kw, Raw || ] Where isthe movie Ching.wan dyin «TA 7 ERE BE AE tI want bedding Woy ot oot, RE EE howset vTageywin debi nit 35 4B 2 pelea yon sel ~ Bax ice is Bing —km This is a good seat. 18 shr yige hu S8- mew 1 ice water yisyi Bingshwgi — ka dewbwei, a light vilindtng — eR ie. MivGsas > ok aoe 4 pillow vyige jntou — BH Did you buy the NTAKF bushr dali ROR RAE Se Hicker athe box pyuling mBl det ty we 2 = ete ghee office? He toilet paper wrlshng ie a = a towel Tityéu méujin — k= 6ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION __ CHINESE ENCUSH PRONUNCIATION CHINESE rather nist ——_ng-wal iu BN-#=E) a plate vise pinde ars Cobain Be caspoen i Bingen? ~xBH * repper hajviu (ae PS Ga ab a pare oer i am team shang Woudyioting Hl #2 © ao . = iydusyin wo. ¥ ciee sd ie Where isthe Chingwén, yaskr «SAAT > SAE ae ying you au tathroomt de nd me horace Byéu eth barbershop Wadyan wee cooked ice an w haiedresser maliiGgyiani KE BE bread and butter myanbtu fio Sih Please have these Ching bi jesye Hee ERMA ie se # clothes washed wild seen. = MEME Fleas bing me Ching a BX Angin ek wR dy cleaned Bins ei the bill wai When can t have Shémmma shthoh kay FP BEB GE WT BL them back? a€i wt BR? Twantatey to WyRu finghyinde SREB MV SRE ear sake TIME, NUMBERS, COLORS: Twantto speakiothe WG you hema” ga REA EL DAYS OF THE WEEK ibis a nine tnt Monday Syingchiyi cz Vg lemr nen Tesh we a 3 FM A « ae ii an dees i Sa ete Wednesday, Syingchistin EM 1 shall retain WS eng dn yd WK RMR. tomorrow. hwéila. 2 « Thursday ‘Syingchisd Er) Give me my bil, Ching bi jinadin HBL ALON OR Friday Fra ols salt Sturdy EMA AT THE RESTAURANT as ae ‘Whereis a good Shémma difang you fF MEG 2 47 AF a ee sestaueant? ude fangwint fi fil sey = Ex We desire breskast. Women yiu dviuisin BER A Pall me *% lunch itngsin eR tomorrow rmingtyan BR alae wintin Be 4 yesterday dewbiyen ER Please bring me Ching gw WHA wT. this week Rie nie rr tap, viee bee 2 for YS chide —#RF et eek ie Fam ages ge bw Bibs = 82 =o mich a kite ibs diude 2 0F wot week ee as 8 ° aENGLISH PRONUNCIATION CHINESE ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION CHINESE, NOME ORIREVELR How is the weather finyinde inch RAD RAE nt eee EY today? dzimma ying? at 2 ‘aii eel Ae What will the weather Mingtyinde winch’ OLR 0 HR SR Ze ia Vie =H + __be tomertowt ixémma ying? te? rebroy wt =A 4D ay in % March Siinywe A wet chad Eo April Siywe eA cold lng 7 May Wiiywe A ‘hot J * aw aoe A eat ciogng i uly Chips £4 oudy vintyan wR ‘August Bayne KA cool iydogho Bee September buy mn frost swag a October Shiywe +8 fog, wi & November Snfvoe +A ssning say Ff December Shierynt +=A snowing sort Fe this month Fae yw BOA baling svibiu FB ext month spe yo FA thundering Sig: ne last month shinage yw EMA windy aul fing 7 this year Tinvnyén ae humid ehdushe mie ia last year chytenyin Eza nice Sutynche ERM aja Sars Be beaut chingingde winelt FBG HR, SEASON — WEATHER TIME sean Tie = i oo time shiv me spring chown 48 | minute a ® autumn chydu x [. second moyly Be summer B hour he iy winter z AM sRingwt rz weather PM, svi Fe aot aeENGUSH PRONUNCIATION CHINESE enous PRONUNCIATION _CHINESE ‘one second yimyiu_ -e three sin = ‘0 seconds erm = > four 2 a ten seconds shy +e te wi H ‘one hour yisyaushé sh bse you x two hours IysngaySuaht WN = ar = five hours wisydushé EN ce re n ‘one minute Ain jing —a8 a a i ten minutes shin ng + = af ‘twenty minutes Brshifén jling ‘th a aaa shit thirty minutes Snshétin ting th A it fo Le ee What time is it now? Ching.win, andaai I > BL LEAP sh shémma shfjyint Bik SH fl? thirteen snftin Weis nine o'clock, Syhndz8ishr REL AE fourteen she JySudyin jUng. fifteen shiwis 1s twenty minutes SyAndadi she shidyin SEE JF REDE AP : sal = before ten o'clock. cha @rshffen. the vert: = {is fifteen minutes Syindzii she shiyidyin BL 4E BF — fearon ei elise alter eleven o'clock shin, Ee = eo ee ee a Wishalf past two. Syindzii she yangdyin BL te Ba MAAR bin, eee NN twas atyourhome Jinan delushangw 2 5 mk $8 59 IE this morning iu fOshang cys BW, this afternoon ihyan sys PRES this evening Fintan winjyin KW i at oon hoya ing ARE at midnight Fnyan bay SRE R at night Jintyan winshang. FRE early in the morning __fintya chingdiu SRNR NUMBERS: SIDE 3 ES one ¥ = Se wo ee = twenty-three thy ‘nah wy aa ””*=ia seventy ctiish? et ‘eighty bash? wer ninety iySushF a+ ‘one hundred yibai = fone thousand vichyiinENGUSH PRONUNCIATION __ CHINESE encustt PRONUNCIATION __ CHINESE coLors This pacage contins Jape bivewS sha ALR Ho What color is this? JBshrshémma yinse? 38 #8 (TF BH, 2 a hae on Weis red Jb shr hinge BaD. candy ‘Sngew oe yellow hwvingde 1 food shin SB) blue inde ne clothing vita Zi white biide Aw perishable food hhwdi hwai deshipin eB OY fe a black hide rat fragile materials towti pwd de dingsyi gp ik 29 Hi sreen Wyide fe urbe dide zo ear ae AT THE TELEGRAPH STATION | want to send a Wo yhu fF RER—-HEM. COMMUNICATIONS fener tee iliea orth AT THE POST OFFICE ay letter Viting ydndyanbau | — HB AC HL ral yéuiyin ate night leter Yiféng yeyindyinbiu — — BE 7% ME cablegram hai éyinbiy he We E # rail carvior yéuchii Be radiogram wdsyin dyanbiu fe a8 TL A Where is the post Chingwen, youjyd dai HR > SB fa) 8 HP How much will this Yau dwashiu chyin? —-E > $B 7 office? shémma difang? HH? aa Where can 1 mail hie? Ching.wen, widest SWE > AEE shémma ditang kéyt Mb Jy BY DL ABS AB WE ibe fchichyt? a Hh de? When will it arvetShémma shihou kévi ft Bee EAT LL BI 2 divt want to send this W3 yau ying gwahiu 2 3E HET BE HS et registered. it ee ao aie mail ngktng ae ae Far ; sete Is the CCHiogwin, shémma aI > FF BE special delivery syanshf jwan sing By WR Where ist Sete ee i eee eee ca telephone? fang you dydohw\t 44 BE HG? regular mall prngsyin a fs May 1 use your WS kéyi yong vide BLOT DLA AB ere aft wb BRASESA. Petes wean ea postage stamps. yoy yéupyiu Where isthe telephone Chingwen, shémma gi i) 9 (hie ak aerograms isp hinghiing — bike wh directory? atang yBu SMBH? ayanhwabin est cards =e qe SSS pela eum Wil you plone get Ni Key two ye CO How much is the BHGHESS this number for met __jege Mum mar UML HB? postage on this wshtu ySupyhut gh BL > bse What number are you NF yiu shémma On 38 Ht me ww 2 parcel ge biiugwo 8 40: calling? hum’? “ 6ENGUSH PRONUNCIATION _ CHINESE Information, please. Ching if th wo jyé aS Oe Oe ee flit ae long distance, Ching oh 8 wo SRPRERE please chingtidyinhwité, 4. 85 HANDLING MONEY Where is the bank? Ching-wen yin hing i > RAT eH zhi ni? ee Ching ni ba jbge BY th As A hwancheng yu ae Fw pyiud. Please change this into small bills ENCUSH PRONUNCIATION CHINESE TRANSPORTATION MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION Where can I find Chingowén, w8 deli 18) $e FF Be as 2 bieycler shémma dang Ki yt aE 3) — a iiuddu yfyang ss iptutiche? Fee boat viybu chivén ed bus slingghngehiche eer cr vilying chiche = PK horse vis -E tox ilving fchéngchiche — — $8 BE RE ACHE RAILWAY TRAVEL Please give me Ching nt ei ws FH te RR oP Where isthe railway HwSchéjin dai nil? ke HLS ZEA AE? Chinese money. Kinga chyén. station? ‘Whats the rate of Nimende dwaihwanlys 4 #0 5 Bhs FB Where is the Fawutdi d2i nil sR HERA P exchange? she dwishaut Bwr information desk? De you sell traveler's Nimen mi fylisying th A Hie A HE Please give me a Ching g€i wi yiten SE RE — IN checks? FPbyiu mat 2 time table sheiviabyu Ke How much isa tourist Chingswén gwiingwiing- gi (8) > O16 HS (firs class ticket? iu dwoshtu chy yg eae 2 AT CUSTOMS Vivogpy8u? Where is the customs Shémma difang shr ft Wh Fy 2 He MH round trip ticket Ui-hwipydu (ol BE cl? WSigutin guinywint FEL? pres thet snd Be : express with reserved dBi BU Koieh® Be Be a This is my baggage, Je shrwéde syingi, EERE ATE + ae have nothing © WS méiyou yau bau APR HA HE Popular class ticket pli tUngché 4 i We declare shwtide dingsyi, HT When does the tain Hwchié shémma shthou Jk af. FF Be mS EB) 2 This is not new. 18 boshe syinde. ARH. depart kat ena PG as Peer ren 1s this the right Di dutile chi’ mat wT LB > mmySnshwaide? tai pe Is this an express J she kwaichié mat May I lock my trunk — W5 kéyi BE wSde BT LLG HR ANY abe BRR KH? now? A syingde FM ET Ue? oo. ts there a restaurant Jaye chiéshang yu SEU TE A HE suitcase sy syingdz abt fon this train a5 2 handbag shout Fi sleeping car Bb aENGUSH PRONUNCIATION __ CHINESE Is smoking permitted Jge chissyting jwin- iat fl) 9 Al Mle FE inthis compartment? syi sjitin ma? se 2 Ga Ht me What is the name of Jage elfang iyiu this place shémma mingdsi 5 7 ‘How long does the HwSchié d2di jet KEEBBES train stay here? ting dwbjyou? A? Where is the exit NAli she ting dajyé ME Bi KY to the set? de chikdut Woe Take my boggage to Ching BS wide snail 448 09 #3 &E BD the bus stand indy Bk EC MCGA stingatingchichin, Rchéngchins aha ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION CHINESE orth ba EG Is this road good? Jtysu lt hw ma? te iE 2 bad hei ea passable néng tingsyin ee open to trafic iting King, Been Tom eéyi tUngsyingle aT Where is the bridge? Ching win chysu a HA Ze BS A 2 28i ns? 1s there a ferry? Nill ybu duchwin mat 3h ABA HE EH 2 Where does this tydults ngdiu SAMA me road lead? shémma fang? Sh 2 REAR E Mate ‘Am 1 on the road W8 sh? bushr zBi AT THE AIRPORT to the north? syng bEi de fishing? my Fk 2 Genii Feiching dai Fe He FF How many miles is it O8u chéng yu ISR 4 fy AO 9 airport shémma dangt 2 to town? inne y Manin. Hi Gigiodt gee sae Excuse me, 1am lost. Dwdibucli wo mile . SAR AS 9 ET the tex to the feiehing yBu Beso eR? Please help met Ching nf tingming! Bh ak HE HC « aieport cost? dish chySnt Have you amapt___Nty@u dh mat RATS Uh 2 here hve my alse cn ef we aH Can you guide met Ninéng buneng i OR REAR HEAP AR A ES a ee wea a? Whee isthe passport HUw RE Miguin dd aa BM eM Can you find mea Ni néng wo jiu yige | ORE ARE — Tw and customs area? ali jyincha? teat guide? syindiy ma? eh 2 ie tae Bl Meo A ce te Please point. Ching of fgtiw8 Kin, BAH BH (as TEM BIS R ? What place i this? 12 shr shémma dliang? SE JE ft BBE? What gate do I go to? WS yinggit dadu Ee BRA 2 What is the name of Rtv jy ju Beem tee ne mnt this sweet? shémma mingle? E 9 How long will the yu yéncht Re RMS A? Tum right iWin yu, 86 flight be delayed? dtsyBu? Turn left Twn dws Era DRI NOMAN AUTOMOBILE A= ave Go staight ahead. Vif syangchyin -e aw Do you know the road NT fhu wing nin SH 3H GE: WH SE A Stews GG Samu “anna seat Seo. OS Mae ee os a x cee vile pi data, AE 1 9ENCUSH PRONUNCIATION CHINESE ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION CHINESE Where isthe village? Twstinjwiing dit HEE Hm He Where can lfind 2 N&l kéyi fiudiu yige CE WS AEE OT LER shémma dang? =a nian sybuchéde ent BI — MAE MLO A? there oat me Will you please repair Chingwen ninéog na fl Tk HR OS = a aa the tet wy cht mat BG? = : How much wit he NT yh dt ae out Sone Bs work cost? siingehyan? See cae pats = Thank you Syye a mm very far hen ywin RE this way idtydu ie that way natydu 10. WS te ee Is there a garage in ybu yBuchiching SEE AT HEE ‘near here? maz Be ‘gas station ivaydujin tn ah 3A on ianst 7 police station ingchilya Pee river he coe railroad tyédiu +h telephone dyanhwa, ie ate AUTOMOBILE MAINTENANCE Where is a garage? _Nali ybu syuchliching? #8 A ay HE TEBE 2 Do you have pars Nf you jing the for this American MBigwdchtde RW 2 oat Kagiyin_ ma? Do you have a batten’? NiyBu dyanping mat RAT A BLE > a cable ayhasyan ae tire chains chitilyin 3H So distilled water Fenglyushwet He tk gusoine chyba ob grease Rnwsy6u it at an inner tube aie ie 2 light bab Vif dengoiu — xe oil iiyéu ith a pump: dichitiing, TT fai spate plus hwtyngii KB ate vii chee — #0 tire patches bosib + 8 mi 20 aSOCIAL CUSTOMS AND POLITE EXPRESSIONS ‘The many Chinese words and phrases you have listened to on the cassettes and practiced saying can be varied to express all kinds of different meanings. Now you will be able to get along quite well in Chinese, using the phrases you have learned in set patterns, without having to worry about grammar or sentence construction. Besides these necessary words, however, there are other words —polite expressions and phrases that, spoken at the right time, will indicate that you know something about the culture of China. These are the “extra words” that Chinese people con- stantly use—words that will stamp you as someone who under- stands and respects the social customs of the country. Use these extra words and the Chinese will think of you as polite, charm- ing, interesting, or—as they say in Chinese—Hen you li-mau ‘A good example of this type of word and one you will tre- quently hear is Hau, meaning “Good!” When hau is preceded by the negative word bu its meaning changes to “Bad!” that is, “Not good!” in the same way the word for "yes’—sh? when preceded by bu means “no” oF “It isn't so” as in BG sh? The word for “Mr.” or “sic’ is Syan-sheng which literally means “elder” or “born before.” The word for “Mts.” or “mad- am” is Tai-tai, To say “Miss” use Sydu-iyé, In Communist China these titles have been replaced by a new one equivalent to ‘Comrade,” which in Chinese is Tdng-j?. The title follows the name, so if you are speaking to or introducing a Mr. Li, you refer to him as Li Syan-sheng. Also remember that the personal name follows the family name. In the Chinese name Lin Yu-tang, Lin is the family name and Yu-tang is the personal name. ‘An easy way to say “Happy to meet you" is Jyou-yang jyou- yang. A polite way to ask a person's name is Gwei-sying mean- ing “honorable name,’ the word gwei being attributed to the other person's name or family, but not used in reference to one's self, When meeting people, taking leave, or to express thanks for something, itis considered courteous to bow to the person to whom you are speaking. When someone does you a service, besides saying “Thanks” —Sye-sye, or “Many thanks"—dwo-sye, you might sometimes: use "Unusual many thanks"—Fei-chang dwo-sye. I you are invited somewhere accept “with great pleasure’—hau ji le, meaning ‘‘very happy.” When visiting someone's home you will probably hear the expression “Make yourself at hame.’—Ching swef-yi; or “Please sit down.” Ching daw; to which you can reply, “Please don’t 2 stand on ceremony."—BG ké chi; wl “Don't bother.” or “You're welcome.” 1 you meet the children you can exclaim, “What a charming child” 78 haféz pydulying de hen! or “What charming chit drent”—Je jige haidz pyaulyang de hént ‘When you are invited to dinner compliment your host by saying, “This is excellent.”—Jén hau-ch?. And when you leave remember to say “Thanks for an excellent dinner’—Syé-sye nf, jmma hiude winfin; and “Thank you for a fine time.’— Syt-sye if, war de hénhiu. You should be ready to admire monuments, palaces, pagodas, and scenery with remarks like, “How beautitull’—Jén haukin! or "Very interesting”—Hén-yu_yisb! or “Creat” jin. bang! When having a drink with a Chinese friend you say Cin bai, meaning "Dry cup!” or “Bottoms up!” “Have a good trip.” is Yells shlineféng and “Good luck!” is JO at hdu-yun! The lunar New Year, falling in January or February, is an important holiday for all Chinese. The expression for “Happy New Year” is Gling. syi, Gling-syi. China is famous for its parades and mass demon- strations at which you will hear the exclamation, Wal-swPi—— “Ten thousands years.” The Chinese name for China is jing-gw6. Certain idiomatic expressions can be used as informal greet. ings such as “How are you?’—Ni hau? to which the answer is Hay, or Héi-h’u, “Still good.” “Long time no see,” a translation of a Chinese expression which is often used in English is, in the original Chinese: Héu-jybu bt-jyan! To call the waiter’s attention in a restaurant you say Léu-iya Chopsticks are called Kwai-dz, and when you finish eating, place the chopsticks pointing out from you. To ask for the check, say Ching swan-iang and if the waiter thanks you say, “It's nothing!” —Méi shemmat Although there is no common linguistic basis between the Indo-European languages, of which English is one, and the Sino-Tibetan language group, which includes Chinese, Chi- nese is not hard to learn to speak since the grammar is relative. ly simple, There are no case endings or verb conjugations to worry about as there are in European languages so you can Substitute new words into the framework of what you have al- ready learned without fear of grammatical mistakes. Some Chi- nese words, especially pertaining to food, are familiar to many Americans. Here are afew with their correct Chinese pronun- esnneneeesereee- 25INTERNATIONAL ROAD SIGNS DANGER DANGER MAIN ROAD. CAUTION SHARP TURN | RIGHT CURVE AHEAD LeFTCURVE | TAKEEITHER | crossroad THIS WAY bo NoT GUARDED RAIL. ROUTE ENTER ROAD CROSSING UNGUARDED RAIL] NO WAITING NO PARKING PARKING NO VEHICLES | SPEED LIMIT ROAD CROSSING. NO ANIMAL OPEN CULVERT | NOMOTOR WEIGHT LimtT Signs showing place at DRAWN TRAFFIC (oP) VEHICLES, 5% TONS which a firsvaid station ean be found,