Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
COMUNICARE ÎN
AFACERI – LIMBA
ENGLEZǍ
III II
2018
I. Informaţii generale: Date de identificare a cursului
Date de contact ale titularului de curs: Date de identificare curs
Numele cursului: Comunicare în afaceri
Lect. dr. DIANA ZELTER (limba engleză)
Facultatea de Ştiinţe Economice şi Codul cursului: ELE 2050
Gestiunea Afacerilor Anul, Semestrul: anul III sem. 2
Departamentul de Limbi Moderne şi Tipul cursului: opţional
Comunicare în Afaceri
Cabinet 113 (Campus FSEGA)
Telefon: 418 655
E-mail: diana.zelter@econ.ubbcluj.ro
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2. Bovee, C. L.and Thill, J. V. (2018), Business Communication Today,14th edition. Pearson
Education Limited
3. Floyd, D. (2011), Business Studies with Communication Systems. London: Letts Educational Ltd.
4. Irimiaş, E. (2005), Business Communication Topics. Cluj-Napoca: Clusium.
5. Irimiaş, E., Petruţ, M. (2008), Steps to Effective Business Communication. Cluj-Napoca:
Argonaut.
6. Johnson, C., Barrall, I. (2011), Intelligent Business Upper Intermediate. Skills Book, Pearson
Education Ltd
7. Lewis, D.R. (2006), When Cultures Collide. Nicholas Brealey International, Boston.London.
8. Petruţ, M. (2007), Basic Business Communication Skills. Cluj-Napoca: Argonaut
9. Tomlin, B. (2012), Key Business Skills. Harper Collins Publishing
10. Trappe, T., Tullis, G. (2016), Intelligent Business Advanced. Pearson Education Ltd.
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Portofoliul se va preda la data de examen în format listat, iar la predare studentul va
răspunde la câteva întrebări teoretice din curs. Ponderea va fi : 70% portofoliu, 20%
examinarea orală, 10% (1 punct) din oficiu.
- studenţii trebuie să prezinte şi să păstreze toate sarcinile realizate pe parcursul cursului până
la primirea notei finale
- forma sub care studenţii vor primi feed-back la sarcinile realizate: platforma e-learning sau
direct in timpul intâlnirilor faţă în faţă.
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Disciplină: Comunicare în afaceri –
limba engleză
MODULE 1:
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION – AN INTRODUCTION
I. Cuprinsul secvenței
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1. THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
1. What is communication?
2. Which are the elements of the communication process?
The word communication comes from the Latin words ―communicare‖, which meant
to share, to put together and ―munis‖ which meant the one who does this duty. Thus communication
can be defined as the process through which information is exchanged and understood by two or
more people, usually with the purpose of motivating or influencing behavior.
The basic communication model involves the sender, the receiver, the message, the code, the
channel and the feedback. The sender is the one who wants to transmit an idea or a concept to
others, to look for information or to express a feeling or a thought. This is achieved by sending a
encoded message to the receiver and the code needs to be a common one so that the message would
be understood. The message is transmitted through a communication channel which could be face to
face, by phone, e-mail etc. The receiver decodes the message and will send a feedback to the
sender. Without feedback the communication process is incomplete and ineffective. However,
communication barriers may often stand between the sender and the receiver such as: noise and
distractions, competing messages, filters or channel breakdowns.
2. BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
Nowadays communication is considered unanimously ―the key to organizational excellence and
effectiveness‖ (Grunig, 1992). No matter how strong a company may be from various points of view,
without a good communication system it cannot function well. Communication is the glue that holds
a company together and enables it to function and its effectiveness is vital for the general
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effectiveness of the organization.
Through communication members exchange messages using a common system of symbols-the
language of the company. The nature of the organization and the personalities of its members affect
communication. 65% of the working time is spent communicating whereas 7% of the meaning of a
message is conveyed through words, the rest is non-verbal communication.
Every member of an organization is a link in the information chain. You have to make sure you send
and receive the messages required to help your group function effectively. The flow of information is
essential to the company‘s operations, both internal and external and every employee is a contact
point in the information network.
2.1 The internal communication network works through:
• FORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNELS: the formal flow of information follows the
official chain of command
• DOWNWARD INFORMATION FLOW: casual conversation, formal interview, meetings,
workshops (oral), memo, training manuals, newsletters, bulletin boards, policy directives
(written); the purpose is to help employees (briefings, instructions, explanations, feedback,
motivational pep talks)
• UPWARD INFORMATION FLOW: helps managers make decisions, the danger is
employees will report only good news; group meetings, interviews, suggestion systems and
rewards
• HORIZONTAL INFORMATION FLOW: from one department to another, cross-functional
interaction, intranet
• INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNELS: the grapevine (casual conversations with
friends in the office)
• NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION: less structured, unplanned, unconscious; it has more
impact, it accounts for 93% of the emotional meaning
• FORMS: facial expressions and eye behavior, gestures and postures, vocal characteristics,
personal appearance, touching behavior, use of time and space
2.3 The external communication network links the organization with the outside world of
customers, suppliers, competitors and investors through informal contacts (networking) and formal
contacts (the public relations department)
Effective business communication means:
• Providing practical information
• Giving facts rather than vague impressions
• Presenting information in a concise, efficient manner
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• Clarifying expectations and responsibilities
• Offering compelling, persuasive arguments and recommendations
Lately, social media are transforming the practice of business communication and changing the
nature of the relationships between companies and their stakeholders. Traditional business
communication can be ―thought‖ of as having a ‗publishing‖ mindset, in which a company produces
messages and distributes them to an audience which has a few options of responding to the company.
In contrast, the social media model uses social media tools to create an interactive and participatory
environment in which all parties have a chance to join the conversation. Moreover, mobile
technologies are also changing business communication offering a large range of fast and timely
communication tools, but also creating lots of challenges and sometimes overwhelming the
communication process. This is why communication technologies should be used effectively by
guarding against information overload and the sending of unnecessary messages as well as by
understanding that there will always be a need for reconnecting with people and technology cannot
replace our mind and our feelings.
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which is difficult to express because you don‘t know enough about it or you may have
difficult working conditions
2. DIFFICULT CONDITIONS FOR TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION: distortion of the
message, too many filters, interruptions
3. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SENDER AND THE RECEIVER: build trust, share the
other‘s point of view
4. HOW TO IMPROVE COMMUNICATION: perception, precision, credibility, control,
congeniality
5. CREATE THE MESSAGE CAREFULLY: define your goal, know your audience, use
concrete, specific language, stick to the point, emphasize and review key points
6. MINIMIZE NOISE
7. FACILITATE FEEDBACK
3.WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
―Colleges teach the one thing which is perhaps the most valuable for the future employee to know.
But very few students bother to learn it. This one basic skill is the ability to organize and express
ideas in writing and speaking. As soon as you move one step from the bottom, your effectiveness
depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word.‖
Peter Drucker
• The importance of communication in business leads to companies looking for people with
good communication skills.
• Recent studies show today‘s college trained people have poor communication and
interpersonal skills and their shortcomings are especially in written communication
• Whatever position you have, your performance will be judged by your ability to
communicate.
• Written communication is more likely to involve a creative effort
• In written communication some delays may occur (providing records, long periods of time)
• Written communication may involve a limited number of cycles
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4. ADVANTAGES OF USING WRITTEN COMMUNICATION IN
BUSINESS
• Written messages give the writer the opportunity to plan and control the message
• More reliability
• Several types of messages: notes, memos, e-mails, reports, proposals, letters
• Various forms of transmission (electronically, by fax, by post, printed/handwritten form)
• Formality/informality
• The amount of information conveyed
2. Which of the following methods do you use most often for communicating with your colleagues?
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email
one-to-one interview
memo
meeting
handwritten note
notice on the notice board
suggestion box
article in the in-house magazine
informal chat
phone call
3. Does your choice depend on
- who you are communicating with?
- the purpose of communication?
- something else?
4. What methods from exercise 2 would you use to communicate each of the following inside a
company? Motivate your choice.
a. Informing office staff of a visit by senior managers (you are the office manager).
b. Reminding staff about the annual meeting to discuss the sales budget and sales targets next
Wednesday morning.
c. Asking for staff suggestions on ways in which production can be streamlined.
d. Informing a manager that his present job is being transferred to another office in another city (you
are the human resources director).
e. Communicating the need for better time keeping to unpunctual staff (you are the team leader)
f. Informing staff about changes in the way they will work (you are the managing director)
g. Asking your assistant to address envelopes and send letters (he is out at the moment and when he
comes back, you will be in a meeting)
5. Case study : Read the following case study, answer the questions and include your answers in the
exam portfolio:
E-SoftSys stays connected around the globe
It‘s tough enough to schedule meetings and coordinate team efforts when your partners work across
the hall, imagine what it‘s like when they work on the other side of the planet. The potential for
misunderstandings, missed assignments and mistrust could easily derail any project. And these are
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just some of the obstacles facing Kat Shenoy, president and CEO of E-SoftSys. His company
employs offshore teams of engineers in China, India, Russia and elsewhere to develop software for
other companies.
When potential customers think about using E-SoftSys for offshore software development, most need
reassurance that the firm can successfully manage and monitor its far-flung team. As one customer
asks: ―How will it operate from so far away? Will we be able to communicate effectively? To address
their concerns and ensure effective teamwork, Shenoy offers customers a mix of human interaction
and electronic collaboration (such as e-mail, instant messaging, and NetMeeting online software).
Keeping the project on track requires plenty of communication with the customer and within the
team. Team members in the United States and other countries rely on frequent, informal
communication to avoid misunderstanding each other, missing assignments, and forcing the project
off schedule. The project manager uses regular, formal communication with the customer –typically,
through weekly status reports – to build trust and provide reassurance that the international team is
making progress toward timely completion of the software.
However, technology can‘t address all the communication challenges. E-SoftSys teams often pull
together people from diverse cultural backgrounds with different language abilities, and the company
has found that face-to-face communication is critical when these teams are forming. For instance,
during the early stages of most projects, a U.S.-based project manager travels to E-SoftSys office in
Bangalore, India, to collaborate with the Indian staff in designing the software and planning the work.
By working side by side, even temporarily, these intercontinental colleagues establish a rapport that
bridges time and space when the U.S. personnel return home.
QUESTIONS
1. How might a lack of trust between U.S. and international team members threaten E-
SoftSys ‘s ability to meet customer needs? (reply in minimum 100 words)
2. Why wouldn‘t the company introduce teams via instant messaging rather than through
expensive, time-consuming in-person meetings? (reply in minimum 100 words)
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Bovee, C. L.and Thill, J. V. (2018), Business Communication Today,14th edition. Pearson
Education Limited
2. Brook-Hart, G. (2008), Business Bechmark Advanced. Cambridge University Press
3. Irimiaş, E. (2005), Business Communication Topics. Cluj-Napoca: Clusium.
4. Irimiaş, E., Petruţ, M. (2008), Steps to Effective Business Communication. Cluj-Napoca:
Argonaut.
5. Johnson, C., Barrall, I. (2011), Intelligent Business Upper Intermediate. Skills Book, Pearson
Education Ltd
6. Tomlin, B. (2012), Key Business Skills. Harper Collins Publishing
13
Disciplină: Comunicare în afaceri (limba
engleză)
I. Cuprinsul secvenței
1. Planning business messages
2. Writing business messages
3. Completing business messages
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THE BUSINESS WRITING PROCESS has three stages which will ensure the
creation of effective and efficient business messages:
1. Planning
1.1 Analyze the situation
1.2 Gather information
1.3 Choose medium or channel
1.4 Organize the information
2. Writing
2.3 Adapt to the audience
2.2 Compose the message
3. Completing
3.1 Revise the message
3.2 Produce the message
3.3 Proofread the message
3.4 Distribute the message
1. PLANNING EFFECTIVELY
Effective planning is necessary to make sure you provide the right information in the right format to
the right people. Secondly, effective planning makes the writing stage faster, easier and less stressful.
Finally, effective planning can save you from embarrassing situation which can damage your
company and your career.
1.1 Analyzing the situation
- determine whether your purpose is to inform, persuade or collaborate
- identify what you want your audience to think or do after receiving the message
- make sure your purpose is worthwhile and realistic
- make sure the time is right for your message
- make sure your purpose is acceptable to your organization
- identify the primary audience
- determine the size and composition of your audience
- estimate your audience‘s level of understanding and probable reaction to your message
1.2 Gathering information
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- decide whether to use formal or informal techniques for gathering information
- find out what your audience needs to know
- provide all required information and make sure it‘s accurate, ethical and pertinent
1.3 Selecting the best combination of media and channels
- understand the advantages and disadvantages of oral, written, and visual media distributed through
both digital and nondigital channels
- consider media richness, formality, media limitations, urgency, cost, and audience preference
1.4 Organizing the information
- define your main idea
- limit your scope
- choose the direct or indirect approach
- outline content by starting with the main idea, adding major points, and illustrating with evidence
- look for opportunities to use storytelling to build audience interest
2.WRITING EFFECTIVELY
2.1 Adapting to the audience
2.1.1 Being sensitive to your audience needs
- using the ―you‖ attitude
- maintaining standards of etiquette
- emphasizing the positive
- using bias-free language
2.1.2 Building strong relationships
- establishing your credibility
- projecting your company‘s image
2.1.3 Controlling your style and tone
- creating a conversational tone (understand the difference between texting and writing, avoid
pompous language, avoid preaching, be careful with intimacy, be careful with humour)
- using plain language
- selecting the active or passive voice (writing will be more lively and direct by using active voice;
however, passive voice is helpful when you need to be diplomatic or want to focus attention on
problems or solutions rather than on people)
2.2 Composing the message
2.2.1 Choosing powerful words
- paying close attention to the correct use of words
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- applying the rules of grammar and usage correctly
- selecting the words effectively
- understanding denotation and connotation
- balancing abstract and concrete words
- finding words that communicate well (strong, precise words or familiar words, avoid clichés and
use jargon carefully)
2.2.2 Creating effective sentences
- choosing from the four types of sentences (simple, compound, complex and compound-complex
sentences)
- maintaining some variety among the four sentence types to keep writing from getting too simple or
too exhausting
- using sentence style to emphasize key thoughts (emphatic, more/less emphatic)
2.2.3 Creating unified coherent, paragraphs
- creating the elements of a paragraph (topic sentence, support sentences, transitions/connecting
words)
- choosing the best way to develop each paragraph: illustration, comparison or contrast, cause and
effect, classification, problem and solution
2.2.4 Writing messages for mobile devices
- use a linear organization
- prioritize information
- write short, focused messages
- use short subject lines and headings
- use short paragraphs
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- break up overly long sentences
- rewrite hedging sentences
- impose parallelism
- correct modifiers
- reword long noun sequences
- replace camouflaged verbs
- clarify sentence structure
- clarify awkward references
3.2.2 Editing for conciseness
- delete unnecessary words and sentences
- shorten long words and phrases
- eliminate redundancies
- rewrite ―It is/ There are‖ starters
3.3 Producing your message
3.3.1 Designing for readability
- consistency: in the use of margins, type-face, type size and space
- balance
- restraint (simplicity)
- detail (those details which affect the design)
- white space: margins and justification, typefaces, type styles
3.3.2 Formatting formal letters and memos
- design conventions
- letterhead stationery, salutation, message, complimentary close, the signature block
3.3.3 Designing messages for mobile devices
- think in small chunks
- make generous use of white space
- format simply
- consider horizontal and vertical layouts
3.4 Proofreading your message
- look for writing errors
- look for missing elements
- look for design, formatting and programming mistakes
- make multiple passes
- use perceptual tricks
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- double-check high-priority items
- give yourself some distance
- be vigilant
- stay focused
- review complex digital documents on paper
- take your time
3.5 Distributing your message
- One needs to consider the following factors: cost, convenience, time, security and privacy.
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PRACTICE YOUR SKILLS
1. For each communication task that follows, write a brief answer to three questions: Who is my
audience? What is the audience‘s general attitude toward my subject? What does the audience need to
know?
a. An advertisement for smart phones
b. A proposal to top management, suggesting that the four sales regions in Eastern Europe be
combined unto just two regions.
c. A website that describes the services offered by a consulting firm that helps accounting managers
comply with government regulations.
2. Indicate whether the direct or indirect approach would be best in each of the following situations
and briefly explain why. Would any of these messages be inappropriate for email? Explain.
a. A message to the owner of an automobile dealership complaining about poor service work.
b. A message turning down a job applicant.
c. A message from an advertising agency to a troublesome long-term client, explaining that the
agency will no longer be able to work on the client‘s account.
3. Rewrite these sentences to reflect your audience‘s viewpoint (use the ―you‖ attitude)
a. Your email order cannot be processed; we request that you use the order form on our website
instead.
b. We insist that you always bring your credit card to the store.
c. I am applying for the position of accounting intern in your office. I feel my grades prove that I am
bright and capable, and I think I can do a good job for you.
d. As requested, we are sending the refund for 25$.
e. I know I‘m late with the asset valuation report, but I haven‘t been feeling well and I just haven‘t
had the energy needed to work through the numbers yet.
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5. Suggest short, simple words to replace each of the following:
a. inaugurate; b. terminate; c. utilize; d. anticipate; e. assistance; f. endeavor; g. ascertain; h. procure.
7. Add transitional elements to the following sentences to improve the flow of ideas. (You may need
to eliminate or add some words to smooth out your sentences)
Facing some of the toughest competitors in the world, Harley-Davidson had to make some changes.
The company introduced new products. Harley‘s management team set out to rebuild the company‘s
production process. New products were coming on the market and the company was turning a profit.
Harley‘s quality standards were not on par with those of its foreign competitors. Harley‘s costs were
still among the highest in the industry. Harley made a U-turn and restructured the company‘s
organizational structure. Harley‘s efforts have paid off.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Bovee, C. L.and Thill, J. V. (2018), Business Communication Today,14th edition. Pearson
Education Limited
2. Brook-Hart, G. (2008), Business Bechmark Advanced. Cambridge University Press
3. Irimiaş, E. (2005), Business Communication Topics. Cluj-Napoca: Clusium.
4. Irimiaş, E., Petruţ, M. (2008), Steps to Effective Business Communication. Cluj-Napoca:
Argonaut.
5. Johnson, C., Barrall, I. (2016), Intelligent Business Advanced. Style Guide, Pearson Education Ltd
21
Disciplină: Comunicare în afaceri
(limba engleză)
I. Cuprinsul secvenței
make students familiar with the use of digital media for business communication
improve students’ knowledge about planning and writing a business e-mail
acquire knowledge about the use of messaging for business communication
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1. DIGITAL MEDIA FOR BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
1.1 Digital and social media options
- E-mail
- Mesaging
- Web content
- Podcasting
- Social networks
- Information – and content-sharing sites
- Wikis
- Blogging and microblogging
- Online video
Situations in which you should consider using a printed message rather than digital alternatives:
- When you want to make a formal impression
- When you are legally required to provide information in printed form
- When you want to stand out from the flood of digital messages
- When you need a permanent, unchangeable or secure record
1.2 Compositional modes for digital and social media
- Conversations: messaging
- Narratives
- Teasers
- Tutorials
- Wearable technology (virtual reality goggles, smartwatches, body movement sensors etc.)
- Mobile podcasting
- Cloud-based services
2. EMAIL
Email has been a primary medium for many companies for several decades and in the beginning it
offered a huge advantage in speed and efficiency. As better alternatives for many communication
purposes have appeared, the use of email has lowered its appeal in the eyes of many professionals.
Overuse is one of the major complaints about email, together with spam and security risks.
However, in spite of its shortcomings, email remains a major business communication medium as it
is universal and still the best medium for many private, short- to medium-length messages.
Moreover, email‘s noninstantaneous nature is an advantage when used properly. Email lets senders
compose substantial messages in private and on their own schedule, and it lets recipients read those
messages at their leisure.
- Follow company email policy; understand the restrictions the company places on email usage
- Business emails are more formal than personal emails the expectations of writing quality for
business email are higher than for personal e-mail.
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- Email messages and other digital documents have the same legal weight as printed documents.
- The email subject line is often the most important part of an email message because it can
determine whether the message gets read, so it should be informative and compelling.
- Many email programs display the first few words or lines of incoming messages before the
recipient opens them.
- Attitudes about emoticons in business communication are changing; in the past, they were
regarded as unprofessional; recently, an increasing number of professionals seem to be using them
especially for communication with close colleagues.
- It as advisable to avoid emoticons for all types of external communication and for formal internal
communication and avoid animated emoticons in all business communication.
3. MESSAGING
Messaging is category of communication tools whose core focus is conversational exchanges. It is
best thought as an alternative to live voice conversation. Messaging technologies include:
- text messaging on mobile phones
- conventional instant messaging (IM) systems
- online chat systems
- workplace messaging systems
3.1 Advantages of messaging
- It is better suited for back-and-forth exchanges than email and other digital formats.
- In closed systems administrators can block out outside distractions and threats.
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- Private messaging systems spare users of many of the overload problems and security issues the
email faces.
- The instantaneous nature of messaging makes it the best choice when senders want messages to be
seen and acted on immediately.
- Like email, messaging provides little opportunity for nonverbal signals, which increases the
chances of misinterpretation.
- The appropriate writing style for business messaging is more formal than the style of personal
messaging.
- Maintaining good etiquette, even during simple exchanges is essential as well as not using
messaging for complex or personal messages.
1. What are the situations in which a printed memo or letter might be preferable to a digital
message?
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APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1. What are three innovative ways in which you could optimize your faculty‘s website for mobile
devices?
2. You have just received an email as result of being copied in on a message from a colleague and
discover that it is part of an ―email trail‖ of at least ten messages, which consist of the original
message and different responses. How should you respond to the message?
3. What should be considered when composing the subject line for an email?
1. For each of these messages needs, choose a medium that you think would work effectively and
explain your choice.
a. A technical support service for people trying to use their digital music players.
c. A message from the CEO of a small company to the employees of the firm, explaining that she is
leaving the company to join a competitor.
2. Using your imagination to make up whatever details you need, revise the following email subject
lines to make them more informative:
c. Production schedule
3. The following email message contains numerous errors related to what you have learned about
planning and writing business messages. Using the information it contains, write a more effective
version.
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TO: Felicia August fb_august@evertrust.com
Some of you may not like the rules about break times; however, we determined that keeping track
of employees while they took breaks at times they determined rather than regular breaks at
prescribed times was not working as well as we would have liked it to work. The new rules are not
going to be an option. If you do not follow the new rules, you could be docked from your pay for
hours when you turned up missing, since your direct supervisor will not be able to tell whether you
were on a ―break‖ or not and will assume that you have walked away from your job. We cannot be
responsible for any errors that result from your inattentiveness to the new rules. I have already
heard complaints from some of you and I hope this memo will end this issue once and for all. The
decision has already been made.
Starting Monday, January 1, you will all be required to take a regular 15-minute break in the
morning and again in the afternoon, and a regular thirty-minute lunch at the times specified by your
supervisor, NOT when you think you need a break or when you ―get around to it‖.
Felicia August
BIBLIOGRAPHY
5. Johnson, C., Barrall, I. (2016), Intelligent Business Advanced. Style Guide, Pearson Education
Ltd
28
Disciplină: Comunicare în afaceri (limba
engleză)
I. Cuprinsul secvenței
1. Career planning
2. Recruitment procedure
3. Application documents
To acquire knowledge about the recruitment process and the necessary documents
To enrich vocabulary related to recruitment
To be able to produce an effective CV and an application letter in English
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1. CAREER PLANNING
1. Analyze what you have to offer: functional skills, education and experience, personality traits
2. Identify the critical success factors, determine your current performance levels, set goals, targets
and deadlines, keep track
3. Determine what you want: work content goals, personal performance, work environment
preferences
4. Seek employment opportunities
• Sources of employment information: financial news and newspapers, contacts-networking,
campus interviews, classified ads, employment agencies, state employment services,
executive job placement firms, unsolicited CV-s and letters of application, the internet (job-
search websites, social media etc.), headhunters
5. Seek career counseling
6. Avoid mistakes
2. RECRUITMENT PROCEDURE
• The job need is identified
• The job description is written or updated
• Advertisements are placed or agencies are contacted
• Applicants respond to the advertisement
• The applications are screened
• A shortlist is drawn up
• Interview invitations are sent
• Candidates are interviewed
• A suitable candidate is selected
• A job offer is made
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3.1 PLANNING YOUR CV
- There is a wide range of options about CVs from appropriate length, content, design, distribution
methods and acceptable degrees of creativity to whether it even makes sense to write a traditional
CV in this age of online applications.
- When planning the CV, one should consider the following:
1. Analyze your purpose and your audience: the purpose of a CV is to get you an interview. Find
out as much as you can about the professionals who may be reading your CV.
2. Gather pertinent information: compile all educational accomplishments, both formal and informal
(formal degrees, training certificates, academic awards, certifications, volunteering activities) as
well as duties and accomplishments from all previous jobs.
3. Organize your CV around your strengths
4. Select the best media and channels for producing the CV
3.2 TYPES OF CV
3.2.1 The chronological CV: the work experience section dominates and it is placed immediately
after the contact information and introductory statement.
- The listing should be done in reverse chronological order with the most recent one and giving
more space to the most recent positions.
- For each job, start by listing the employer‘s name and location, the official job title and the dates
you held the position (write ―to present‖ if you are still in your most recent job).
- Next, detail your job responsibilities and highlight your accomplishments.
3.2.2 The functional CV: emphasizes your skills and capabilities, identifying employers and
academic experience in subordinate sections.
- It stresses individual areas of competence rather than job history.
3.2.3 The combination CV: combines the skills focus of the functional format with the job history
focus of the chronological format.
- The advantage of this format is that it allows you to highlight your capabilities and education
when you do not have a long and steady employment history.
GENERAL FORMAT
• Top: name, address, phone number, e-mail
• Career objective (introductory statement): “entry-level in an accounting environment”
• Education: reverse chronological order
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• Work experience: position or title, the employer’s name and address, dates of
employment, description of responsibilities
• Extracurricular activities and special skills: computer skills, foreign languages,
membership activities
• References
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3.3.4 Work experience, skills and accomplishments
- It should focus on your overall theme in a way that shows how your past can contribute to an
employer‘s future. (see 3.2.1)
- Include personal accomplishments only if they suggest special skills or qualities that are relevant
to the jobs you are seeking
- You may refer to volunteering activities, community service activities, NGOs etc.
3.3.6 References
- If requested, mention the name, position and contact details of former employers, co-workers or
professors from University.
- Do not enclose or include photos in CVs you send to employers or post on job websites.
- Types of CV formats:
3.4.1 Printed traditional CV: such a copy is important for taking to job fairs, interviews and other
events even though most applications are online. Most interviewers expect candidates to bring a
printed CV at the interview.
3.4.2 Printed Scannable CV: some employers still prefer a scannable CV which is specially
formatted to be compatible with optical scanning systems that convert printed documents to digital
text. However, the use of such systems has been declining as most employers prefer email
submissions or website applications.
3.4.3 Digital plain-text file: it is simply a computer file without any of the formatting that is usually
applied in word-processing software. It can be included in the body of an email message or you can
copy and paste parts of it on the employer‘s website.
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3.4.4 Microsoft Word file: in some cases, an employer or job-posting website will want you to
upload a Microsoft Word file or attach it to an email message.
3.4.5 PDF file: it preserves the formatting of the CV and it is less vulnerable to viruses.
3.4.6 Online or social media CV: there are many options from college-hosted e-portfolios to
multimedia résumés on commercial websites, such as LinkedIn. It is important to remember that
online presence is a career management tool and applicants should take advantage of social
networking.
- Emailing the CV
Whenever you mail, email or upload your CV, you should include an application letter (cover
letter), to let the potential employer know what you are sending, why you are sending it and how
they can benefit from reading it. You can write a solicited application letter (when you are
applying for an identified job opening) or an unsolicited application letter when you are
prospecting (taking the initiative to write to companies even though they haven‘t announced a job
opening that is right for you.
- Address the letter to an individual manager (if indicated or possible); if not, use ―Dear
Sir/Madam‖ or ―Dear Hiring Manager‖.
- Don‘t just repeat information from your CV; convey additional professional and personal qualities
and the reasons why you are a good candidate for that particular job.
- The opening paragraph needs to explain the reason you are writing and give the recipient a reason
to keep reading by demonstrating you have some potential for meeting the company‘ s needs.
Example:
With the recent slowdown in corporate purchasing, I can certainly appreciate the challenge of new
fleet sales in this business environment. With my high energy level and 16 months of new-car sales
experience, I believe I can produce the results you listed as vital in the job posting on your website.
- It presents your strongest selling points in terms of their benefit for the organization, building
interest and creating a desire to interview you.
- You should discuss each major requirement listed in the job posting stressing those you fulfill
best.
Examples:
Using the skills gained for three semesters of college training in business communication, I
developed a collection system for Imperial Construction that reduced annual bad-debt loss by 25%.
While attending college full-time, I worked part-time during the school year and up to 60 hours a
week each summer in order to be totally self-supporting while in college. I can offer your
organization the same level of effort and perseverance.
- The purpose of the final paragraph is to ask the reader for specific action (usually an interview)
and to facilitate a reply.
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- Offer to come to the employer‘s office at a convenient time or arrange a telephone of Skype
interview depending on the distance.
Example:
After you have reviewed my qualifications, could we discuss the possibility of putting my marketing
skills to work for your company? I am available at +40746189345 from 4 p.m. to 10 p.m. Monday
to Friday or by email at maria.popescu1984@gmail.com.
- End with the appropriate salutation: ―Yours faithfully‖ (if you don‘t have a given recipient)
or ―Yours sincerely‖ (if you addressed the recipient on their name) and your name.
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Career Objective: To build a successful career in financial management.
Summary of Qualifications: As a student at the University of Oklahoma, completed a wide range
of assignments which demonstrate skills related to management and accounting. For example:
Planning Skills: As president of the university’s foreign affairs forum, organized six lectures and
workshops featuring 36 speakers from 16 foreign countries within a nine-month period. Identified
and recruited the speakers, handled the travel arrangements, and scheduled the facilities.
Communication Skills: Wrote more than 25 essays and term papers on various academic topics,
including at least 10 dealing with business and finance. As a senior, wrote a 20-page analysis of
financial trends in the petroleum industry, interviewing executives in accounting and finance
positions from companies in the field.
Accounting and Computer Skills: Competent in all areas of Microsoft Office, including Excel
spreadsheets and Access databases. Assisted with bookkeeping activities in parents’ small business.
Have taken courses in accounting, financial planning, database design, web design and computer
networking.
For more information, including employment history, please access my e-portfolio at:
http://dariusjaidee.com
2. Locate an example of an online CV (sample or actual one) which uses the European CV model
(Europass). Analyze the CV following the guidelines in this module and then write your own CV
which you will include in your exam portfolio.
3. Read the following application letter, analyze its strengths and weaknesses and revise it
according to the guidelines from this module:
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I’m writing to let you know about my availability for the brand manager job you advertised. As you
can see from my enclosed CV, my background is perfect for the position. Even though I don’t have
any real job experience, my grades have been outstanding, considering that I went to a top-ranked
business school.
I did many things during my undergraduate years to prepare me for this job.
If you wish for me to come in for an interview, I can come on a Friday afternoon at any time or
anytime on weekends when I don’t have classes. Again, Thanks for considering me for your brand
manager position.
4. Write a letter of application in response to one of the job advertisements below and include it in
your exam portfolio
Responsibilities
* Create invoices and credit notes (accounts receivable) for projects and orders;
* Check consistency of project budget with the invoices, credit notes, contracts and payment terms
agreed and ensure accuracy of transactions;
* Monitor inbox for Accounts Receivables for responses received from customers and communicate
with them;
* Monitor Accounts Receivables common inbox between the various business units;
* Reconciliation of project module and order handling module to ensure data integrity and complete
recognition of revenue in accordance to contract;
* Refresh the Unbilled Receivables and Unearned Revenue reports and work with Project
Controller in order to investigate old projects
Requirements
Company presentation
Imagine being surrounded by intelligent, driven, and passionate innovators all working toward the
same goal—to create groundbreaking solutions that leave our world in a better place than we found
it. Emerson is a global technology and engineering company providing innovative solutions for
customers in industrial, commercial, and residential markets. Our Emerson Automation Solutions
business helps process, hybrid, and discrete manufacturers maximize production, protect personnel
and the environment while optimizing their energy and operating costs. Our Emerson Commercial
and Residential Solutions business helps ensure human comfort and health, protect food quality and
safety, advance energy efficiency, and create sustainable infrastructure. A dynamic environment is
what you‘ll discover at Emerson, a Fortune 500 company with $14.5 billion in sales and 155
manufacturing locations worldwide. Together, we‘re changing the world, and we have all the
resources to help you achieve your professional goals. Whether you‘re an established professional
looking for a career change, an undergraduate student exploring options, or recently received your
MBA degree, you‘ll find a variety of opportunities at Emerson. Join our team and start your journey
today.
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2. Junior .Net Developer Kvalitetsgruppen Hassleholm AB
We are seeking a talented Developer that will work in a team to create a new web application for
our customers. You must have a University degree in Computer Science or in a related discipline.
You could also be a student who will get the degree this summer.
Our project is to replace our current desktop application for a web application hosted in the cloud.
The application consists of a document management system with additional functions (survey and
incident reporting).
This means that you must have experience of web development (preferably using MVC and C#)
and be able to add both to the frontend and the backend.
You should have the ability to work independent and as part of a team. Good written and verbal
communication skills in English are a requirement.
Job description
Your role will be to find solutions and develop the Web-based application to meet our internal and
our external (customers) requirements.
You should be able to take initiative and offer solutions and if needed, make your own technical
decisions. You will be doing this as a part of a team consisting of three developers.
Our developers take part in the process of planning our development, the development of
applications, and the distribution of applications.
This means that the developer is expected to analyze needs, develop specifications, plan
development, design applications, program, conduct tests, document development, create and
maintain distribution solutions as well as provide support to other employees.
Skills required
C#
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ASP.NET
AJAX / Javascript
Here is a sample of the tech and components we are using in our project
Visual Studio
C# / .Net 4.5
Entity Framework/MariaDB
Microsoft Azure
Start time
May
Contact
Andreas Adersjö andreas@kvalitetsgruppen.com
Company presentation
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information about the software is available on www.qualityworks.se. The site is in Swedish.
In 2014 the Romanian branch was established with a focus on software development.
Requirements
Minimum of 3 years relevant experience in HR, in areas like recruitment, induction and onboarding,
performance management, training
Job description
Manage the process of recruitment, including, sourcing, pre-screening the applicants, scheduling
interviews, seeking feedback, making offers, completing the on-board formalities, etc
Use of highly advanced sourcing methods to come across the best talent pool
Come up with initiatives to support and help build a friendly and motivating organizational culture
Company presentation
Evalueserve is a global professional services provider offering research, analytics, and data
management services. We‘re Powered by mind+machine – a unique combination of human
expertise and best-in-class technologies that use smart algorithms to simplify key tasks. This
approach enables us to design and manage processes that can generate and harness insights on a
large scale, significantly cutting costs and timescales and helping businesses that partner with us to
overtake the competition. We work with clients across a wide range of industries and business
functions, helping them to make better decisions faster; reach new levels of efficiency and
effectiveness; and see a tangible impact on their top and bottom line. We have dedicated on-site
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teams and scalable global knowledge centers in Chile, China, India, Romania, the UAE, and the
US, which provide multiple time zone and multilingual services.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Baird, J.W., Stull, J.B. (2003) Comunicarea în afaceri. Bucureşti: Editura Comunicare.ro
3. Floyd, D. (2011), Business Studies with Communication Systems. London: Letts Educational Ltd.
6. Johnson, C., Barrall, I. (2011), Intelligent Business Upper Intermediate. Skills Book, Pearson
Education Ltd
7. Lewis, D.R. (2006), When Cultures Collide. Nicholas Brealey International, Boston.London.
10. Trappe, T., Tullis, G. (2016), Intelligent Business Advanced. Pearson Education Ltd.
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