Modeling of Dynamic Filtration in Drilling

Operations

Abstract
It was proposed a crossflow filtration model for particles
suspension with the fluid presenting a Newtonian and non-Newtonian
behavior. The proposed model is based on phenomenological
equations initiated from balances of the conservatives proprieties like
the mass and the movement amount. For the radial flow, direction
where the filtration occurs, the flow is considerate on Darcy’s regime
(Salazar, 2004 and Massarani 2002). The model allows to considerate
the pressure profile effect at the axial direction on the filtration
process and still, it’s possible considerate the cake’s compressibility
effects starting from constitutives equations for the porosity and
pressure on solids. As the cake’s grown restriction, is considerate the
cisaling tension derived from the flow on axial direction, realized from
classics tests in solids mecanicals (Ferreira & Massarani, 2005). The
cake’s stability on crossflow filtration is associated at Coulomb’s
equilibrium break on the cake’s surface in contact with the
suspension.

flow. This process is called at

1 - Introduction:
In this work, it was been a
model based on experimental
data from Massarani’s
experiments on crossflow
filtration using Newtonian
fluids. The equations that we
used are from the Massarani’s
article Physilo-Mathematical
modeling of crossflow filtration.
In the oil wells drilling and
fulfilling, the drilling fluid, when
flowing at the annular region,
invades the formation, driving it
to a cake formation. Perhaps
this can compromise the
reservoir evaluation, during the
testifying or maybe causes
irreparable damages in the
well.
In this work, an evaluation
of the filtration process with
cake formation at the filtrating
environment walls is made
starting the axis and radial fluid
the literature like crossflow or
dynamic filtration.
The filtration studying
was directed using particles
suspensions with different
granularmetricals and form
distributions searching to
evaluate the particles effects in
filtration process and
particularly on its permeability.
For the physical-
mathematical modeling, The
Runge-Kutta method and the
Massarani & Ferreira’s formulas
were used to evaluate and
realize which one is the most
accurate form to fit the
experimental results.
2 – The experimental unit:
The experimental unit is
composed basely the tank, one
positive dislocation pump,
tubes with porous walls. The
figure below is a scheme of the λ* =
q
(3);
experimental unit: k

Where the effective

viscosity can be calculated
below:

(µ = λτ *) (4);
q 
µef = M ⋅  r 
n −1

(5);
ef
λ*
 k
A simple pilot plant has
been constructed to make
possible collect experimental
data and thereafter, a modeling The Filtration Equation is
for Newtonian and non- described below on differential
Newtonian fluids. form (6) and (7):

3 – Modeling: dP µef
− = ⋅ qr (6);
dr k
Newtonian fluid flow
dP µef
equation on the cylindrical − = ⋅ qm (7);
coordinates dr km
Ferreira & Massarani (2005)
These equations has been
 
  expanded using the equations
  (4) and (5) to reach the
  equation for the crossflow
µF  rt  filtration.
 α s ρ s rt l n ε + Rm  , w h :e r e
( ∆ p) f   2 2cρ r v  2  1
The equations of mass
 rt − ε ρ   conservation in phase,
Ft

  ss  movement and fluid (in Darcy’s
  equation form) take to
crossflow filtration equation on
1 dV
v= (1) - The general cylindrical superficies for a non-
2πrt dz Newtonian fluid that follows the
form of Darcy’s equation. power-law model, like the
equation bellow:

Non-Newtonian flow
hypothesis dv(t ) ∆Pf
=
dt M M
The tension of power law:
n
n +1
⋅ fT (v(t )) + n +1 ⋅ f M
τ (λ) = M ⋅ λn (2); k 2 km 2
(8);
The deforming tax:

Where:
 results are been seen in the
r 1−n
−{r (v )} 1−n
 figure 2.
f T ( v ) = rmn 

m

 (9);
 1−n 
Figure 2
 rm1−n −{r (v )}1−n 
f T ( v ) = rmn 
 
 (10);
 1−n  These results were
obtained using Runge-Kutta
dV (t ) method in the differential form
v( z, t ) = (11); of the equation (8), to reach a
dA
approximate result from
The cake’s thickness can experimental data, it has been
be calculated by the equation used only a volume and time
below, defining e = rm − r interval in v=[5,30] on Ferreira
(Ferreira & Massarani, 2005), & Massarani’s equation in the
integral form.
1 So, these are the results
 2 ⋅ c ⋅ rm ⋅ v( z , t )  2
e( z , t ) = rm − rm2 −  (1 for dp= 0.5 atm:
 ε s ρs 
2); Figure 3

The filtrated volume in 5 –Conclusions:

each time t can be obtained by
the integration of the equation: The model based on the
Runge-Kutta is not accurate to
V ( t ) =πDt ∫ v( z , t )dz (13);
L express the cake formation in
0 the crossflow filtration, and the
angle coefficient in each case is
For the modeling, it has so different that the results in
been used the equations (8), the model and the experimental
(12) and (13). results became very different
In the first step, the than what was expected. But,
differential form of Ferreira & when a tendency line is used
Massarani’s equation was used. (figure 3), a very good
approximation is seen for some
4 – Results: graphic intervals.
The integral form was the
As example of results most approximate from the
already obtained for the cake’s experimental results when is
formation model, in the figure 1 used the integral form of
is presented filtrations curves Ferreira & Massarani’s equation
using Newtonian and non- based on the power law.
Newtonians fluids, constituted
from the equation (8). Nomenclature

Figure 1 b thickness of filter

media
The Runge-Kutta method c suspension
was used to do a model to concentration
reach approximated values for D diameter of filter
the experimental data, and the media
 Dt pipe diameter of crossflow filtration, chemical
e cake thickness engeneering journal, 111, 199-
k permeability 204;
km permeability of the G. Massarani,
filter media Fluidodinâmica em sistemas
L pipe length particulados, editora e-papers,
M consistency index Rio de Janeiro, 2002;
Luis Américo Calçada1,
n behavior index Cláudia Míriam Scheid1,
P pressure Cristiano Agenor Oliveira de
ΔPa axial pressure drop Araújo1 Sérgio da Cruz
ΔPb radial pressure drop Magalhães Filho1 e André
q superficial velocity Leibsohn Martins2, 2008.
rm radius of filter Modeling of Dynamic Filtration
media in Drilling Operations.
v filtrate volume per
area of filtration

6 –References:

A.S Ferreira and G.

Massarani, 2005. Physico-
mathematical modeling
350
300
250
t/v (s/cm)

200
150
100
50
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
3 2
v (cm /cm )

Ferreira & Massarani (2005), P=2,2 atm Ferreira & Massarani (2005), P=0,5 atm

This work, P=0,5 atm, n=1 e M=0.01" This work, P=2,2 atm, n=0,5 e M=0,8

This work, P=0,5 atm, n=0,5 e M=0,8 This work, P=1,5 atm, n=0,7, M=0,2

Figure 1 - Simulated results on crossflow filtration. Curves for

Newtonians and non-Newtonians fluids. Data: c = 0,032 g/g, ε = 0,63, ρ f
= 1 g/cm3 , ρ s = 2,91 g/cm3 , k = 2,1 . 10-11 cm2, km = 4,8 . 10-11 cm2.
 Figure 2 - Different pressure types and results for croosflow
filtration

Figure 3 – modeling results only for dp= 0.5 atm