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Anatomy
Flashcards
Joseph E. Muscolino, DC
Instructor, Connecticut Center for Massage Therapy
Newington, Connecticut
Owner, www.learnmuscles.com
Redding, Connecticut
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD
Temporalis
(OF THE MUSCLES OF MASTICATION GROUP)
Pronunciation ❒ tem-po-RA-lis
ATTACHMENTS
❒ Temporal Fossa
❒ the entire temporal fossa except the portion on the
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 82-84
to the
❒ Coronoid Process and the Ramus of the Mandible
❒ the anterior border, apex, posterior border, and the
internal surface of the coronoid process of the
mandible, as well as the anterior border of the ramus
of the mandible
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Elevates the Mandible at the Temporomandibular
Joint
❒ 2. Retracts the Mandible at the Temporomandibular
Joint
INNERVATION
❒ The Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
❒ deep temporal branches of the anterior trunk of the
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
CARD # 21
Lateral View
a. Occipitofrontalis
b. Temporoparietalis
c. Auricularis Muscles
d. Orbicularis Oculi (partially cut)
e. Corrugator Supercilii
INFERIOR
ATTACHMENTS
❒ Nuchal Ligament and the SPs of C7-T4
❒ the nuchal ligament from the level of C3-C6
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 114-116
to the
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Extends the Head and the Neck at the Spinal Joints
❒ 2. Laterally Flexes the Head and the Neck at the
Spinal Joints
❒ 3. Ipsilaterally Rotates the Head and the Neck at the
Spinal Joints
INNERVATION
❒ Cervical Spinal Nerves
❒ dorsal rami of the middle cervical spinal nerves
CARD # 30
Nuchal
ligament
Posterior View
Pronunciation ❒ STER-no-KLI-do-MAS-toyd
ATTACHMENTS
❒ STERNAL HEAD: Manubrium of the Sternum
❒ the anterior superior surface
❒ CLAVICULAR HEAD: Medial Clavicle
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 140-143
to the
❒ Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone
❒ and the lateral 1⁄2 of the superior nuchal line of the
occipital bone
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Flexes the Neck at the Spinal Joints
❒ 2. Laterally Flexes the Neck and the Head at the
Spinal Joints
❒ 3. Contralaterally Rotates the Neck and the Head at
the Spinal Joints
❒ 4. Extends the Head at the Atlanto-Occipital Joint
❒ 5. Elevates the Sternum and the Clavicle
INNERVATION
❒ Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
❒ and C2, 3
CARD # 38
Sternal head
Clavicular head
Lateral View
a. Trapezius
b. Levator Scapulae
c. Platysma (removed on our right)
d. Sternocleidomastoid
e. Sternohyoid
h. Omohyoid
i. Digastric
j. Stylohyoid
k. Mylohyoid
l. Anterior Scalene
m. Middle Scalene
n. Posterior Scalene
o. Pectoralis Major
p. Deltoid
CARD # 54
SUPERIOR
i (anterior belly)
Mandible k
j i (posterior
belly)
Internal jugular
vein
Common
h (superior carotid artery
Hyoid
belly) g
L d (sternal L
A Thyroid head) A
T cartilage b T
E e d (clavicular E
R f head) R
A m A
L l n L
c
h (inferior
belly)
a
Clavicle p
o
Sternum
INFERIOR
a. Trapezius
b. Levator Scapulae
c. Platysma (removed)
d. Sternocleidomastoid (cut)
e. Sternohyoid (cut on our right)
CARD # 55
SUPERIOR
i (anterior belly)
j
k
i (posterior belly)
Hyoglossus
muscle
d
Cricoid cartilage
and the d
cricothyroid Hyoid
Common
L muscle carotid artery L
A Thyroid gland Internal A
T h (superior Thyroid jugular vein T
E cartilage g E
belly)
R h (inferior e b R
A belly)
h A
L d
f L
m
(clavicular n
head) a
Trachea
e
l
Clavicle p
Sternum
o
INFERIOR
CARD # 56
SUPERIOR
f
Mastoid
process
of the
temporal
bone
g g
f
Styloid process e
of the
temporal bone
Transverse
L process L
A of C1 d A
T T
E E
R b R
A A
L b L
a
a
Brachial c
plexus c
Subclavian
artery
1st rib
Aorta
ATTACHMENTS
❒ Medial Clavicle, Sternum, and the Costal Cartilages
of Ribs #1-7
❒ the medial 1⁄2 of the clavicle, and the aponeurosis of the
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 259-262
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Adducts the Arm at the Shoulder Joint
❒ 2. Medially Rotates the Arm at the Shoulder Joint
❒ 3. Flexes the Arm at the Shoulder Joint (clavicular head)
❒ 4. Extends the Arm at the Shoulder Joint
(sternocostal head)
❒ 5. Abducts the Arm at the Shoulder Joint
(clavicular head, above 90 degrees)
❒ 6. Depresses the Scapula at the Scapulocostal Joint
❒ 7. Protracts (Abducts) the Scapula at the Scapulocostal Joint
❒ 8. Elevates the Trunk at the Scapulocostal Joint
❒ 9. Laterally Deviates the Trunk at the Scapulocostal Joint
❒ 10. Ipsilaterally Rotates the Trunk at the Scapulocostal Joint
INNERVATION
❒ The Medial and Lateral Pectoral Nerves
❒ C5, 6, 7, 8, T1
CARD # 81
Clavicular
head
Sternocostal
head
Anterior View
Pronunciation ❒ pi-ri-FOR-mis
ATTACHMENTS
❒ Anterior Sacrum
❒ and the anterior surface of the sacrotuberous ligament
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 330-332
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Laterally Rotates the Thigh at the Hip Joint
❒ 2. Abducts the Thigh at the Hip Joint (if the thigh
is flexed)
❒ 3. Medially Rotates the Thigh at the Hip Joint (if the
thigh is flexed)
❒ 4. Contralaterally Rotates the Pelvis at the Hip Joint
INNERVATION
❒ Nerve to Piriformis (of the Lumbosacral Plexus)
❒ L5, S1, 2
CARD # 105
Posterior View
Anterior View
ATTACHMENTS
❒ Anterolateral Lumbar Spine
❒ anterolaterally on the bodies of T12-L5 and the
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 308-312
to the
❒ Lesser Trochanter of the Femur
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Flexes the Thigh at the Hip Joint
❒ 2. Laterally Rotates the Thigh at the Hip Joint
❒ 3. Flexes the Trunk at the Spinal Joints
❒ 4. Laterally Flexes the Trunk at the Spinal Joints
❒ 5. Anteriorly Tilts the Pelvis at the Hip Joint
❒ 6. Contralaterally Rotates the Trunk at the Spinal Joints
❒ 7. Contralaterally Rotates the Pelvis at the Hip Joint
INNERVATION
❒ Lumbar Plexus
❒ L1, 2, 3
CARD # 99
Anterior View
ATTACHMENTS
❒ Pubis and Ischium
❒ ANTERIOR HEAD: inferior pubic ramus and the
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 393-395
to the
❒ Linea Aspera of the Femur
❒ and the gluteal tuberosity, medial supracondylar line,
and adductor tubercle of the femur
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Adducts the Thigh at the Hip Joint
❒ 2. Extends the Thigh at the Hip Joint
❒ 3. Posteriorly Tilts the Pelvis at the Hip Joint
❒ 4. Elevates the Pelvis at the Hip Joint
INNERVATION
❒ The Obturator Nerve and the Sciatic Nerve
❒ the obturator nerve innervates the anterior head
❒ the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve innervates the
posterior head
❒ L2, 3, 4
CARD # 127
Adductor minimus
(anterior head)
Oblique fibers
(anterior head)
Adductor hiatus
Ischiocondylar section
(posterior head)
Posterior View
h. Gluteus Medius
i. Tibialis Anterior
j. Extensor Digitorum Longus
k. Fibularis Longus
l. Gastrocnemius (lateral head)
m. Soleus
n. Plantaris
CARD # 135
PROXIMAL Iliac crest
h (Gluteus medius
[gluteal fascia over]) Abdominal
aponeurosis
Anterior superior
iliac spine (ASIS)
g a
c
P A
O N
S Iliotibial band T
T E
E d R
R I
I
d O
O R
R
e
n Patella
Fibular collateral
ligament
Patellar
l
ligament
Head of the i
fibula
m j
k
DISTAL
Pronunciation ❒ GAS-trok-NEE-me-us
ATTACHMENTS
❒ Medial and Lateral Femoral Condyles
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 440-442
to the
❒ Calcaneus via the Calcaneal Tendon
❒ the posterior surface
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Plantarflexes the Foot at the Ankle Joint
❒ 2. Flexes the Leg at the Knee Joint
❒ 3. Inverts the Foot at the Tarsal Joints
INNERVATION
❒ The Tibial Nerve
❒ S1, 2
CARD # 147
Posterior View
ATTACHMENTS
❒ The Calcaneus
❒ the medial and lateral sides
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 486-487
ACTION
❒ Flexes Toes #2-5 at the Metatarsophalangeal and the
Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal Joints
INNERVATION
❒ The Lateral Plantar Nerve
❒ S2, 3
CARD # 165
Distal tendon of
flexor digitorum
longus
Plantar View
Pronunciation ❒ DEL-toid
ATTACHMENTS
❒ Lateral Clavicle, Acromion Process, and the Spine of the
Scapula
❒ the lateral 1⁄3 of the clavicle
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 541-544
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Abducts the Arm at the Shoulder Joint (entire muscle)
❒ 2. Flexes the Arm at the Shoulder Joint (anterior deltoid)
❒ 3. Extends the Arm at the Shoulder Joint (posterior
deltoid)
❒ 4. Medially Rotates the Arm at the Shoulder Joint
(anterior deltoid)
❒ 5. Laterally Rotates the Arm at the Shoulder Joint
(posterior deltoid)
❒ 6. Downwardly Rotates the Scapula at the Scapulocostal
Joint (entire muscle)
❒ 7. Ipsilaterally Rotates the Trunk at the Shoulder Joint
(anterior deltoid)
❒ 8. Contralaterally Rotates the Trunk at the Shoulder Joint
(posterior deltoid)
INNERVATION
❒ The Axillary Nerve
❒ C5, 6
CARD # 181
Lateral View
a. Supraspinatus (cut)
b. Infraspinatus (cut and reflected)
c. Teres Minor
d. Subscapularis (not seen)
e. Teres Major
CARD # 189
PROXIMAL
DISTAL
Posterior View of the Right Glenohumeral Joint
a. Subscapularis
b. Teres Major
c. Deltoid
d. Coracobrachialis
e. Biceps Brachii
h. Latissimus Dorsi
i. Pectoralis Major (cut and reflected)
j. Pectoralis Minor (cut)
k. Pronator Teres
l. Flexor Carpi Radialis
m. Palmaris Longus
n. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
o. Brachioradialis
CARD # 190
PROXIMAL Coracoid
c process of
Lesser tubercle of the scapula
the humerus Axillary artery
j
Musculocutaneous
i nerve
d
a
Long head b
e
Short head Lateral border
of the scapula
L h M
A E
T e Median nerve and
E D
brachial artery I
R
A A
Long head g L
L Medial head
f
Ulnar nerve
Brachial artery
(splits to form
radial and k
ulnar arteries) Medial epicondyle
of the humerus
Bicipital
aponeurosis l
m
o n
DISTAL
Anterior View of the Right Arm (Superficial)
ATTACHMENTS
❒ Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus (via the Common
Flexor Tendon) and the Anterior Ulna, and the Radius
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 589-591
to the
❒ Anterior Surfaces of Fingers #2-5
❒ the four tendons each divide into two slips that attach
onto the sides of the anterior surfaces of the middle
phalanges
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Flexes Fingers #2-5 at the Metacarpophalangeal and
Proximal Interphalangeal Joints
❒ 2. Flexes the Hand at the Wrist Joint
❒ 3. Flexes the Forearm at the Elbow Joint
INNERVATION
❒ The Median Nerve ❒ C7, 8, T1
CARD # 201
Humeroulnar
head
Radial
head
Anterior View
a. Pronator Teres
b. Flexor Carpi Radialis
c. Palmaris Longus
d. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
CARD # 216
PROXIMAL
p
n o (deep to median
nerve and brachial
artery from this view)
o Median nerve
Brachial artery
f n (Bicipital
aponeurosis)
j a
L R
A UM
A
T b LE
D
E N DI
R I c AA
A A RL
L L k
d
e
h
Ulnar nerve
i
Ulnar artery
m
g
Radial artery Transverse fibers of
Median nerve palmar aponeurosis
Palmar aponeurosis
Thenar
Hypothenar
musculature
DISTAL musculature
ATTACHMENTS
❒ The Flexor Retinaculum and the Carpals
❒ the tubercle of the scaphoid and the tubercle of the
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 656-658
to the
❒ Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb
❒ the radial (lateral) side of the base of the proximal
phalanx and the dorsal digital expansion
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Abducts the Thumb at the Carpometacarpal Joint
❒ 2. Flexes the Thumb at the Metacarpophalangeal Joint
❒ 3. Extends the Thumb at the Carpometacarpal and
Interphalangeal Joints
INNERVATION
❒ The Median Nerve
❒ C8, T1
CARD # 224
Anterior View
CARD # 235
PROXIMAL Transverse fibers
of palmar
aponeurosis
Flexor retinaculum
Scaphoid
Pisiform
c g
b f
e
h
i
Sesamoid
bone
L R M
A j U
T A L E
E D N D
R I A I
A A R A
L L L
k k
l
j k
k
l
m
DISTAL
Palmar View of the Right Hand
(Superficial Muscular Layer)