DHCP

Issues and Solutions for DHCP AppNote-212
DHCP in VxWorks (updated October 2004)
Issues and Solutions for DHCP

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Version1.2 Page 1 of 46 September 2004

Table of Contents
..................................................................................................................................... 1
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................... 2
1. DHCP Configuration Files ................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1. In Project Facility ........................................................................................................................................ 4
1.2. In Command Line........................................................................................................................................ 4
2. The DHCP Client ............................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Boot DHCP Client....................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2. Run time DHCP Client................................................................................................................................ 5
2.2.1. Command Line Build ........................................................................................................................... 5
2.2.2. Project Facility Build............................................................................................................................ 5
2.3. DHCP State Machine .................................................................................................................................. 6
2.3.1. DHCP Lease Negotiation.................................................................................................................... 6
2.3.2. DHCP Client Lease Selection .............................................................................................................. 6
2.3.3. DHCP Client Lease Renewal ............................................................................................................... 6
2.4. Miscellaneous DHCP Issues........................................................................................................................ 6
2.4.1. Adjusting Retransmission Times.......................................................................................................... 7
2.4.2. How Do I Change the DHCP Lease Interval?...................................................................................... 7
2.4.3. Using Boot Time DHCP (Command Line) ......................................................................................... 7
2.4.4. Why Does the DHCP Runtime Client Immediately Renew the Lease Acquired at Boot Time?......... 8
2.4.5. Why Can’t I Acquire an Address Dynamically When Booting Over a Non-Networked Device? ...... 8
2.4.6. Why is the DHCP Address Changing to a 10.0.x.x Address?.............................................................. 8
2.4.7. Specifying an IP Address at Lease Request Time................................................................................ 8
2.4.8. Incorporating Gateway Retrieval for DHCP for the boot ROM image................................................ 9
2.4.9. Why Does the boot ROM Have Its Own Version of DHCP? ............................................................ 10
2.4.10. What are the ARP Messages That I See Being Sent Out During Negotiation? ............................... 10
2.4.11.The DHCP Boot Client Does Not Process Incoming OFFER Packets When Using BSD Drivers .. 10
2.4.12. DHCP Event Hook ........................................................................................................................... 11
2.4.13. Avoiding the S_dhcpcLib_NOT_BOUND Error ............................................................................. 11
2.4.14. What Happens to Sockets that are Already Open When a DHCP Lease Expires or Renews? ........ 12
2.4.15. Why Does DHCP Begin a Full DHCP Negotiation Instead of Renewing the Lease? ..................... 12
2.4.16. The DHCP Client is not Detecting Renewals when the Lease is in RENEW or REBIND.............. 12
2.4.17. Restrictions on DHCP Packet Lengths (SPR #65264) Resulting in Dropped DHCP Offers........... 12
2.4.18. Why is the DHCP Client Sending INFORM Messages? ................................................................. 12
2.4.19. Timing issue after system tick rollover ............................................................................................ 12
2.4.20. At boot, DHCP client sends out extra ARP request in wait_offer state ........................................... 13
2.4.21. DHCP timeouts are incorrectly calculated after calls to clock_settime ........................................... 13
2.4.22. How long does the DHCP client wait for offers?............................................................................. 13
2.4.23 DHCP attempting to ARP on interfaces that have IFF_NOARP set in if_flags. .............................. 13
2.4.24. Why do RFC 1541 compliant DHCP servers respond only after the 5-th DHCPDISCOVER sent
out by a vxWorks DHCP client? .................................................................................................................. 13
2.4.25. No access to possible duplicate IP address....................................................................................... 13

3. DHCP Server .................................................................................................................................................... 14

3.1. Configuration and Build ........................................................................................................................... 14
3.1.1. PROJECT FACILITY BUILD........................................................................................................... 14
3.1.2. COMMAND LINE BUILD................................................................................................................ 15
3.2. How Do I Specify a List of DNS Servers in the DHCP Lease Entry? ...................................................... 15
3.3. Configuring the DHCP Server as a BOOTP Server .................................................................................. 16
3.4. DHCP Server Features .............................................................................................................................. 16
3.4.1. Configuring Lease Hooks................................................................................................................... 16
3.4.2. Configuring Address Hooks ............................................................................................................... 17
3.5. Additional Configuration for DHCP server if Relay Agents are used .................................................. 17
4. The DHCP Relay Agent ................................................................................................................................... 18
4.1. Configuring and building the VxWorks DHCP Relay Agent ................................................................... 18
4.1.1. PROJECT FACILITY BUILD..................................................................................................... 18
4.1.2.COMMAND LINE BUILD................................................................................................................. 22
4.1.3. Adding Appropriate route................................................................................................................... 23
5. BOOTP in VxWorks ........................................................................................................................................ 24
5.1. Incorporating Gateway Retrieval for BOOTP for boot ROM and Runtime Images................................. 24
5.2. Known Bugs: BOOTP ............................................................................................................................... 27
5.2.1.

.......................................... 27
5.2.2. bootpMsgGet() returning errno S_bootpLib_BAD_DEVICE when using bootpLibInit() ................ 27
6. DHCP Source Code Policy............................................................................................................................... 27
6.1. Source Code Listing .................................................................................................................................. 27
6.2. DHCP Client Code Samples...................................................................................................................... 28
7. Debugging Techniques for DHCP.................................................................................................................... 28
7.1. PACKET TRACES ................................................................................................................................... 28
7.1.1. Ethereal............................................................................................................................................... 28
7.1.2. tcpdump .............................................................................................................................................. 28
7.1.3. snoop................................................................................................................................................... 28
7.2. DEBUGGING WITH SOURCE CODE ................................................................................................... 29
8. DHCP Runtime Client Sample Code ............................................................................................................... 30
8.1. Runtime DHCP Client............................................................................................................................... 30
8.2. DHCP Loop Sample Code......................................................................................................................... 39
8.3. DHCP Lease Storage Hook Sample Code................................................................................................. 42

1. DHCP Configuration Files

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usrNetDhcpsCfg.c
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<WIND_BASE>/target/config/comps/src/net directory, except for PCD 1.1, in which case they

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2. The DHCP Client

2.1. Boot DHCP Client
The following are the steps to include DHCP client in the boot ROM:
1. In the target/config/<your_BSP>/config.h file, define the following:
#define INCLUDE_DHCPC
#define INCLUDE_DHCPC_LEASE_GET
#define INCLUDE_DHCPC_LEASE_TEST
#define INCLUDE_DHCPC_LEASE_SAVE
right before
/* Now include the global configuration information. */
#include "configAll.h"
2. From the command line build the bootrom
<$WIND_BASE>\target\config\<your_BSP>\make bootrom_uncmp.hex
3. Re-flash the board according to the instructions found in target/config/<your_BSP>/target.nr

2.2. Run time DHCP Client
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2.3.1. DHCP Lease Negotiation

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be used. If the server does accept the renewal, the renewing routine returns and the client reenters the bound state.
If the renewal does not succeed, the client goes back to the first state, INIT. If a timeout occurs before the second timer (T2) expires, the
DHCP client retransmits the REQUEST message and waits for a reply. If the timer does expire, the client enters a rebinding routine, which
sends a broadcast REQUEST to all servers. In this case, a different server may respond to the client.
In the VxWorks DHCP client, the period of time the client waits for offers after receiving the first offer from a server is the
value for offerTimeout in the function arguments.
2.4. Miscellaneous DHCP Issues

2.4.1. Adjusting Retransmission Times

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INIT_WAITING. In Tornado 2.0 they can be found in target/h/dhcp/dhcpcBoot.h and dhcpcInternal.h. In Tornado 2.0.2 and
2.2 they are in target/h/dhcp/dhcpcCommonLib.h. The meaning of these defines is as follows:
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2.4.5. Why Can’t I Acquire an Address Dynamically When Booting Over a Non-
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2.4.8. Incorporating Gateway Retrieval for DHCP for the boot ROM image
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struct ifnet *pIf; /* pointer to network interface data*/
char serverAddr [INET_ADDR_LEN]; /* DHCP server address*/
char bootFile [BOOT_FILE_LEN]; /* name of boot file*/
subnetMask; /* subnet mask */
void * pCookie;
struct dhcp_param bootParams;

struct in_addrs routerStruct; <-- add

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routerStruct.num = 1;
routerStruct.addr = &routerAddress;
bootParams.router = &routerStruct;
/* Need target IP address to boot over the backplane */

dhcpcOptionSet (pCookie, _DHCP_ROUTER_TAG);
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printf("Will try to add default route.\n");
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2.4.9. Why Does the boot ROM Have Its Own Version of DHCP?
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2.4.12. DHCP Event Hook

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status = use_parameter (pLeaseData->dhcpcParam, pLeaseData);
semTake (dhcpcMutexSem, WAIT_FOREVER);
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semGive (dhcpcMutexSem);
2.4.13. Avoiding the S_dhcpcLib_NOT_BOUND Error
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dhcpcVerify(), dhcpcOptionGet(), dhcpcServerGet(), dhcpcTimerGet(), or dhcpcParamsGet() from
within the DHCP Event Hook, an error is returned: S_dhcpcLib_NOT_BOUND
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The collection time is configured by modifying DHCPC_OFFER_TIMEOUT.
Wind River implements DHCP according to RFC 2131. This RFC does not specify any time limit as for how
much should the client wait in the SELECING state for DHCPOFFER messages from servers. As such, in the
SELECTING state, the Wind River client code will stay until the collection time expires and the offer with the
longest lease is the one being selected.
SPR 99445 has been filed for an enhancement which will allow the DHCP client to pick the first offer arrived
and move right away into the REQUESTING state, without waiting for this timer to expire.
2.4.23 DHCP attempting to ARP on interfaces that have IFF_NOARP set in if_flags.
Since the requirement for checking duplicate IP addresses in RFC2131 is a SHOULD, not a MUST, it means it
is possible to run DHCP client on interfaces which do not support ARP. SPR 95666 has been filed for this
issue.
2.4.24. Why do RFC 1541 compliant DHCP servers respond only after the 5-th
DHCPDISCOVER sent out by a vxWorks DHCP client?
Our DHCP client is RFC 2131 compliant. That means it handles variable length option field. For backward
compatibility with servers which still implement RFC 1541 (that means fixed 312 byte length option field), we
provide a workaround: after 4 attempts of DHCPDISCOVER with variable length, we set dhcpOldFlag to
TRUE and we revert to the fixed size option field. SPR 95958 has been filed to make this option configurable.
2.4.25. No access to possible duplicate IP address
According to RFC2131, once the client receives a DHCPACK from the server, it has to ARP on the IP address
just received. If it gets a response, it means the given IP address is already in use and the client must send a
DHCPDECLINE thus refusing the given IP address. vxWorks DHCP client does exactly that and is compliant
with RFC 2131. However, right now, there is no way for the user (that is the task calling dhcpcBind) to know
the reason why the lease negotiation failed, let alone know the value of the duplicate IP address. SPR 102116
has been filed as an enhancement to make the value of the duplicate IP available to the user.

3. DHCP Server
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/*
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see man pages (timers, bootfile, etc.)
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{"dflt", NULL, NULL, DHCPS_DEFAULT_ENTRY},
/* Sample database entries. */
/* {"ent1", "90.11.42.24", "90.11.42.24", clid=\"1:0x08003D21FE90\":maxl=90:dfll=60"}, */
/* {"ent2", "90.11.42.25", "90.11.42.26","snmk=255.255.255.0:maxl=90:dfll=70:file=

/vxWorks"}, */
/* {"ent3", "90.11.42.27", "90.11.42.27", “maxl=0xffffffff:file=/vxWorks”}, */
/* {"entry4", "90.11.42.28", "90.11.42.29", "albp=true:file=/vxWorks"} */
/* {"entry5", "90.11.42.28", "90.11.42.29", "dnsd=205.214.51.16"} */
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3.4. DHCP Server Features

The DHCP Server can store leases if the server is shutdown then restarted. The hook helps to store active lease configurations.
3.4.1. Configuring Lease Hooks

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Changing the DHCP Configuration Will Not Appear on the DHCP Client Until a New Lease Is Negotiated.
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The DHCP relay agent sends DISCOVER messages from a DHCP client on one subnet that lacks a DHCP server to specific
DHCP servers on a different subnet. While some routers on the network may be capable of relaying messages, they do not
forward DISCOVER packets (because they are broadcast messages). This is the reason relay agents should be implemented
on the far side of the router.
4.1. Configuring and building the VxWorks DHCP Relay Agent

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DHCP_TARGET_DESC dhcpTargetTbl [] = {
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/* {"90.11.42.2"}, */

{"147.11.38.50"} /* DHCP Server address

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NAME DHCP relay agent

CFG_PARAMS DHCPS_SPORT DHCPS_CPORT \
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REQUIRES INCLUDE_NET_SETUP
HDR_FILES ioLib.h
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/* Host requirements defaults needed for RFC compliance - DO NOT REMOVE!! */
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Router discovery enabled.

RFC 894 Ethernet encapsulation enabled.
Maximum datagram size: 576
Default IP Time-to-live: 64
Interface MTU: 576
ARP cache timeout: 60
Default TCP Time-to-live: 64
TCP keepalive interval: 7200
Client lease origin: 212
Client lease duration: 3600
Client renewal (T1) time value: 1800
Client rebinding (T2) time value: 3150
DHCP server: 147.11.41.176
Assigned IP address: 10.1.1.1
Relay agent IP address: 10.1.1.20
Client subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Client broadcast address: 255.255.255.255
Client router solicitation address: 255.255.255.255
5. BOOTP in VxWorks
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{
/* Add default route */
if (routeAdd ("0.0.0.0", sysBootParams.gad) == ERROR)
printf("Error adding default route: ");
}
else
{
/* Add network route */
if (routeAdd (nad, sysBootParams.gad) == ERROR)
printf("Error setting route to host ");
}
}
/
'
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Change bootConfig.c to retrieve gateway parameter and store it so that it will be retrieved by the runtime
image.

'
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bootpGet()
,1

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LOCAL STATUS bootpGet (char *netDev, char *pBootDevAddr,
char *pBootFile, char *pHostAddr, int *pMask, char *pGateway);
2
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/,,
2

/* Get boot parameters over the network if requested. */
if(sysFlags & SYSFLG_AUTOCONFIG)

{
if (bootpGet (netDev, pBootAddr, params.bootFile,
params.had, &netmask, params.gad ) == ERROR) return (ERROR);

3,,/

2 ! =@+
/************************************************************************
*
* bootpGet - get network parameters via BOOTP.
*
* RETURNS: OK if successful otherwise ERROR
*/
LOCAL STATUS bootpGet=char *netDev, /* boot device */

char *pBootDevAddr, /* device address
char *pBootFile, /* file name */
char *pHostAddr, /* host address */
int *pMask, /* mask */
char *pGateway /* subnet gateway */
)
...
struct in_addr_list routerlist;

struct in_addr gateway;
...
bzero ( (char *)&gateway, sizeof (struct in_addr));
...
/* Set pointers to retrieve needed boot parameters. */
...
routerlist.addr = &gateway; routerlist.num = 1;
bootParams.routers = &routerlist;
...
6#$
printf ("Getting boot parameters via network interface %s, pNetDev);
if (bootpParamsGet (pNetDev, 0, 0, &bootParams) == ERROR)
return (ERROR);
&&+
if (pGateway [0] == EOS) /* fill in subnet gateway */
{
inet_ntoa_b(gateway, pGateway);
printf (" Subnet gateway: %s ", pGateway);

5.2. Known Bugs: BOOTP
5.2.1. ! "

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bootpLibInit()
This is an issue in Tornado 2.2.1. If an interface number other than 0 is used and there is no interface 0
defined (e.g. fei1, but there is no fei0), using bootpMsgGet() will return error with the errno set to
S_bootpLib_BAD_DEVICE. SPR 94241 fixes this problem.
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DHCPR_DEBUG 1 For DHCP relay agent
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8. DHCP Runtime Client Sample Code
8.1. Runtime DHCP Client

The following demonstrates a runtime DHCP client negotiating a lease. To run it, simply type
-> getDhcpLease “<myinterface>
To stop the lease type
-> callStop “<IPaddress>”, <subnet mask>, “<default_route>”
/* dhcpcRuntime.c - Get lease after boot time */
/**************************************************************************** *
* THIS CODE IS NOT SUPPORTED CODE. IT IS PROVIDED ON AN AS-IS BASIS.
* ***************************************************************************** */
/* Copyright 1992 - 1998 Wind River Systems, Inc. */
/*
modification history
--------------------

01a,06jul00,ijm based on dhcpcConfigSet */
/*
DESCRIPTION
This file contains routine to get a DHCP lease after booting with a static IP address
NOMANUAL
*/
#include "vxWorks.h"
#include <ioctl.h>
#include <inetLib.h>
#include "dhcp/dhcpcInit.h"
#include "dhcp/dhcpcCommonLib.h"
#include "dhcpcLib.h"
#include "bootLib.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "netinet/if_ether.h"
#include "ifLib.h"
#define MAX_LEASES 10
#define SERVER_PORT 67
#define CLIENT_PORT 68
#define OFFER_TIMEOUT 5
/* #define OFFER_TIMEOUT 5 change to test */
#define DEFAULT_LEASE 3600
#define MINIMUM_LEASE 30
#define MAX_SIZE 576
/* Uncomment the following if you want event hook routine and/or cache hook routine */
/* #define DHCP_EVENT_HOOK_PRESENT */
/* #define DHCP_CACHE_HOOK_PRESENT */
/* prototypes */
#ifdef DHCP_EVENT_HOOK_PRESENT
void myEventHook(int event, void *cookie);
#endif
#ifdef DHCP_CACHE_HOOK_PRESENT
STATUS myCacheHookRtn(int command, unsigned long *pTimeStamp, int *pDataLen, char *pBuffer);
#endif
/* IMPORT BOOL dhcpcInputHook(struct ifnet *pIf, char * ifName, int unit); */
/* global */
void *pDhcpcRuntimeCookie;
LEASE_DATA *pLeaseData;

/****************************************************************************
*
* ifEtherPrint - print Ethernet address in ":" notation
*
* RETURNS: N/A
*/
LOCAL void ifEtherAddressPrint

(
u_char enaddr[6] /* ethernet address */
)
{
unsigned char *en = (unsigned char *)enaddr;
printf("Ethernet address is %02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x\n", en [0], en [1], en [2], en [3], en [4],

en [5]);
}
/************************************************************************* *
o getDhcpLease - get IP address from DHCP server. Configure interface *
" This routine gets IP address at runtime after the target has booted
" (perhaps with a static IP addresss). It shows how to use tags like the
" ROUTER_TAG and CLIENT_ID_TAG. If this function is called for an
" additional interface, dhcpcInit() call in this routine will setup the
" necessary data structures and create a cookie identifying the
" boot lease. The cookie is stored in the pDhcpcBootCookie global to
" provide users with access to the boot-time lease. This routine is called
" when initializing the network from usrNetInit() in usrNetwork.c and will
" not function correctly if executed in any other context.
" usage: E.g. getDhcpLease "motfcc0"
*
* RETURNS: OK if configuration completed, or ERROR otherwise
*
o ERRNO: N/A *
o NOMANUAL */
STATUS getDhcpLease (char * netDev )

{
struct dhcp_param dhcpParameters;
struct ifnet * pIf;
char tempString[30];
/* LEASE_DATA * pLeaseData; */
struct in_addrs routerStruct; /* gateway address */

struct in_addr routerAddress;
struct in_addr dnsAddress;

char dhcpServerAddr[INET_ADDR_LEN];
char dnsServerAddr[INET_ADDR_LEN];
char targetAddr[INET_ADDR_LEN];
char gatewayAddr[INET_ADDR_LEN];
int netMask = 0;
struct in_addrs dnsServerStruct;
u_char etherAddress[7];
etherAddress[0] = 0x1;
/* Put your own Ethernwt address here*/

etherAddress[1] = 0;
etherAddress[2] = 0x1e;
etherAddress[3] = 0xa0;
etherAddress[5] = 0x16;
/* DHCP Client Library initialization. Function returns TRUE if it has

" been initialized previously. This assumes that the runtime image
o was configured with DHCP client support. */
if ((dhcpcLibInit(SERVER_PORT, CLIENT_PORT, \
MAX_LEASES, MAX_SIZE, OFFER_TIMEOUT, \
DEFAULT_LEASE, MINIMUM_LEASE) == ERROR))
{
printf("\ndhcpLibInit failed!"); return ERROR;
}
/* For Tornado 2.0 use this call

* if ((dhcpcLibInit(SERVER_PORT, CLIENT_PORT, MAX_LEASES, OFFER_TIMEOUT,
* DEFAULT_LEASE, MINIMUM_LEASE) == ERROR))
*{
* printf("\ndhcpLibInit * failed!");
* return ERROR;
*/
/* Must bzero structures! dhcpcParamsGet copies parameters for non-blank

* fields. Exceptions may occur if memory has not been allocated.
*/
bzero ( (char *)&dhcpParameters, sizeof (struct dhcp_param));

bzero ((char *) &routerAddress, sizeof (struct in_addr));
bzero ((char *) &dnsAddress, sizeof (struct in_addr));

/* Get interfaces IP control structure */
pIf = ifunit (netDev);

if (pIf == NULL)
{
printf ("Invalid device: %s\n", netDev);
return (ERROR);
}
/* If dhcpcLibInit was called at boot time, dhcpcInputHook was added to boot device.
* If this code is run for additional interfaces, dhcpcInputHook must be
* added to that device as well. etherInputHookAdd checks for duplicate hook routines. */
/* if (muxDevExists (pIf->if_name, pIf->if_unit))

etherInputHookAdd(dhcpcInputHook, pIf->if_name, pIf->if_unit);
else
etherInputHookAdd(dhcpcInputHook, NULL, pIf->if_unit);
*/
/*
" Initialize required variables and get the lease identifier.
" The resulting lease will always apply the address information
o to the specified network interface. */
dhcpcCacheHookAdd(myCacheHookRtn);
#endif
pDhcpcRuntimeCookie = dhcpcInit (pIf, TRUE);

if (pDhcpcRuntimeCookie == NULL)
{
printf ("Error initializing DHCP runtime lease.\n");
return (ERROR);
}
if(dhcpcEventHookAdd(pDhcpcRuntimeCookie,myEventHook) == ERROR)
{
printf("\n dhcpcEventHookAdd error \n");
return;
}
#endif
/* Use the cookie to access the lease-specific data structures. */

pLeaseData = (LEASE_DATA *)pDhcpcRuntimeCookie;
/* Set the lease descriptor. Interface will be initialized with lease values. */

pLeaseData->leaseType = DHCP_AUTOMATIC;
/* If you want a manual lease, set the lease type to DHCP_MANUAL */

/* pLeaseData->leaseType = DHCP_MANUAL;*/
/* Set some options, dhcpcInit gets subnet mask by default */

dhcpParameters.subnet_mask = (struct in_addr *) &netMask;
/* Set DNS server tag */
dnsServerStruct.num = 1;
dnsServerStruct.addr = &dnsAddress;
dhcpParameters.dns_server = &dnsServerStruct;
dhcpcOptionAdd (pDhcpcRuntimeCookie,_DHCP_DNS_SERVER_TAG, 0, NULL);

/* dhcpcOptionSet (pDhcpcRuntimeCookie, _DHCP_LEASE_TIME_TAG); */
/* Set ROUTER_TAG */
routerStruct.num = 1;
routerStruct.addr = &routerAddress;
dhcpParameters.router = &routerStruct;
dhcpcOptionAdd (pDhcpcRuntimeCookie,_DHCP_ROUTER_TAG, 0, NULL);

dhcpcOptionAdd (pDhcpcRuntimeCookie,_DHCP_SUBNET_MASK_TAG, 0, NULL);
bcopy ((char *) ((struct arpcom *)pIf)->ac_enaddr, etherAddress + 1, 6);

ifEtherAddressPrint(etherAddress);
/* To make this call, set up the etherAddress array above as the MAC address*/
printf("Adding CLIENT_ID tag.\n");

if (dhcpcOptionAdd (pDhcpcRuntimeCookie,_DHCP_CLIENT_ID_TAG, 7, etherAddress) ==
ERROR)
perror("CLIENT_ID_TAG");
/* Execute the bind call synchronously */

if (dhcpcBind (pDhcpcRuntimeCookie, TRUE) != OK)
{
printf ("Can't establish a DHCP runtime lease.\n");
return (ERROR);
}
/* Get Parameters from runtime cookie */

if (dhcpcParamsGet (pDhcpcRuntimeCookie, &dhcpParameters) == ERROR)
{
printf ("Can't get network data from DHCP runtime lease.\n");
return (ERROR);
}

/* Fill in server addresses. */

if (dhcpParameters.server_id.s_addr != 0)
{
inet_ntoa_b (dhcpParameters.server_id, dhcpServerAddr);
printf("DHCP Server's address = %s\n", dhcpServerAddr);
}
if (dnsAddress.s_addr != 0)
{
inet_ntoa_b (dnsAddress, dnsServerAddr);
printf("DNS Server's address = %s\n", dnsServerAddr);
}
/* Fill in router's information */

if (routerAddress.s_addr != 0)
{
inet_ntoa_b (routerAddress, gatewayAddr);
printf("Router's address = %s\n", gatewayAddr);
}
/* Fill in target address */

if (dhcpParameters.yiaddr.s_addr != 0)
{
inet_ntoa_b (dhcpParameters.yiaddr, targetAddr);
printf("%s IP address %s \n", netDev, targetAddr);
}
/* Display DHCP information */

printf("\nUse dhcpcParamsShow to show all available parameters: \n\n");
dhcpcParamsShow(pDhcpcRuntimeCookie);
dhcpcTimersShow(pDhcpcRuntimeCookie);
return (OK);
}
/* Function to stop the DHCP lease. Uses dhcpcRelease function. */

void dhcpStop( LEASE_DATA *pLeaseData, char *newIpAddress, int newSubnetMask, char
*defaultRoute )
{
struct if_info ifi;
int isAuto;
int sockfd;
struct ifreq ridreq;
char *bcastAddr;

memcpy( &ifi, &pLeaseData->ifData, sizeof( struct if_info ) );
/* Auto flag will cause the interface to go down after the lease is
* relinquished, so wait for that to happen....
*/
isAuto = pLeaseData->autoConfig | ( pLeaseData->leaseType == DHCP_AUTOMATIC ? 1 : 0 );

dhcpcRelease(pLeaseData);
bzero ( (char *)&ridreq, sizeof (struct ifreq));

sprintf (ridreq.ifr_name, "%s%d", ifi.name, ifi.unit);
ridreq.ifr_addr.sa_len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in);
if ( (sockfd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 0)) < 0)

return;
if ( isAuto )
{
/* wait for interface to shut down */
do
{
taskDelay( 1 );
ioctl (sockfd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, (int) (caddr_t) &ridreq);
} while( ridreq.ifr_flags & IFF_UP);
}
mRouteShow();
routeDelete( "10.0.0.0", newIpAddress );
ifMaskSet( ridreq.ifr_name, newSubnetMask );
ifAddrSet( ridreq.ifr_name, newIpAddress );
mRouteShow();
/* bcastAddr = inet_ntoa( ( inet_addr(newIpAddress) & newSubnetMask ) | ~newSubnetMask );
ifBroadcastSet( ridreq.ifr_name, bcastAddr ); */
ioctl (sockfd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, (int) (caddr_t) &ridreq);
if ( ! (ridreq.ifr_flags & IFF_UP ) )
{
ridreq.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
ioctl (sockfd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, (int) (caddr_t) &ridreq);
}
close (sockfd);
if(!isAuto)
{
flushroutes ();
}
routeAdd( "0.0.0.0", defaultRoute );
}

/* calls the dhcpStop routine */

void callStop(char *newIpAddress, int newSubnetMask, char *defaultRoute)
{
dhcpStop(pLeaseData, newIpAddress, newSubnetMask, defaultRoute);
routeAdd( "0.0.0.0", defaultRoute);
}
/* dhcp event hook : */
void myEventHook(int event, void *cookie)
{
switch (event)
{
case DHCPC_LEASE_NEW:
printf("got lease new!\n");
break;
case DHCPC_LEASE_INVALID:
printf("got lease invalid!\n");
break;
default:
printf("got unknown!\n");
break;
}
}
#endif
STATUS myCacheHookRtn
(
int command, /* requested cache operation */
unsigned long *pTimeStamp, /* lease timestamp data */
int *pDataLen, /* length of data to access */
char *pBuffer /* pointer to data buffer */
)
{
switch (command)
{
case DHCP_CACHE_WRITE: printf("\n DHCP_CACHE_WRITE \n");
printf("\n timestamp = %lu \n", *pTimeStamp);
printf("\n data buffer is %s \n", pBuffer);
/* your code to write the cache record */
break;
case DHCP_CACHE_READ: printf("\n DHCP_CACHE_READ %d \n", command);
/* your code to read record from cache */
break;

case DHCP_CACHE_ERASE: printf("\n DHCP_CACHE_ERASE %d \n", command);

/* your code to erase record from cache */
break;
default: printf("\n bad cache hook command %d \n", command);
}
}
#endif
8.2. DHCP Loop Sample Code
/* dhcpLoop.c - A DHCP example to send continuous DHCP messages */
/****************************************************************************
*
* *****************************************************************************
*/
/*
modification history
-------------------
01oct04, nk make interface an input parameter
01a,06jul01, ds routine to repeatedly send DHCP packets
*/
/* DESCRIPTION
This file contains three routines:
1. sysDhcpIpConfig(): a routine that initializes DHCP, then calls getIP()
2. getIP(): A routine that sends DHCP discover packets until a server replies.
3. dhcpEventHookRoutine(): A callback routine to notify users when a DHCP event occurs.
*/
#include <vxWorks.h>
#include "dhcp/dhcpc.h"
#include "dhcpcLib.h"
#include "dhcp/dhcpcCommonLib.h"
#include "dhcp/dhcpcInit.h"
/* Define values for the DHCP*/
#define DHCPC_MAX_LEASES 10
#define MAX_SIZE 576
#define DHCPC_SPORT 67
#define DHCPC_CPORT 68
#define DHCPC_OFFER_TIMEOUT 5
#define DHCPC_DEFAULT_LEASE 3600
#define DHCPC_MIN_LEASE 30

/* Global variable */
struct ifnet * pIf;

/* Function prototype for hook */
void dhcpEventHookRoutine( int, void * );
STATUS sysDhcpIpConfig(char * interface)
{
char ipAddr[20];
char ifName[10];
struct dhcp_param dhcpcParams;
struct ifnet * pIf = NULL;
strcpy(ifName, interface);
if(dhcpcLibInit(DHCPC_SPORT, DHCPC_CPORT, DHCPC_MAX_LEASES, MAX_SIZE,
DHCPC_OFFER_TIMEOUT, DHCPC_DEFAULT_LEASE, DHCPC_MIN_LEASE) ==
ERROR)
{
printf("sysDhcpIpConfig: dhcpcLibInit\n");
return ERROR;
}
pIf = ifunit(ifName);
if (pIf == NULL)
{
printf("sysDhcpIpConfig: incorrect boot device\n");

return ERROR;
}
pDhcpcBootCookie = dhcpcInit(pIf,TRUE);
if(dhcpcEventHookAdd(pDhcpcBootCookie, (FUNCPTR)dhcpEventHookRoutine) != OK)

{
printf("Unable to add hook.\n");
return ERROR;
}
if(pDhcpcBootCookie == NULL)
{
printf("sysDhcpIpConfig: unable to setup lease\n");
return ERROR;
}
if(getIP(pIf) != OK)
{
printf("Unable to start DHCP process.\n");
return ERROR;

}
return(OK);
STATUS getIP(struct ifnet *pIf)

{
int i;
char ipAddr[20];
struct dhcp_param dhcpcResult;
bzero ( (char *)&dhcpcResult, sizeof (struct dhcp_param));
i = ERROR;
printf("Starting DHCP process...\n");
/* Start DHCP process */
while(i != OK)
if((i = dhcpcBind(pDhcpcBootCookie, TRUE))!=OK)
printf("sysDhcpIpConfig: Unable to bind to the dhcpserver.\n");
printf("Bind was successful.\n");
if(dhcpcParamsGet(pDhcpcBootCookie, &dhcpcResult)== ERROR)

{
printf("Unable to get device parameters from DHCP\n");
return ERROR ;
}
inet_ntoa_b (dhcpcResult.yiaddr, &ipAddr[0]);

printf("ipAddress of the device = %s\n",ipAddr);
/* Show current DHCP parameters */

dhcpcParamsShow(pDhcpcBootCookie);
return OK;
}
void dhcpEventHookRoutine( int leaseEvent, void *pCookie )

{
switch (leaseEvent)
{
case DHCPC_LEASE_NEW :
/* this case gets called when a new lease is established */
printf(" DHCPC_LEASE_NEW \n ");
break;
case DHCPC_LEASE_INVALID :
/* this case gets called when the client gives up... */
printf(" DHCPC_LEASE_INVALID \n ");

break;
default:
printf(" leaseEvent = %d \n ", leaseEvent );
break;
}
}
8.3. DHCP Lease Storage Hook Sample Code
/* dhcpsSampleHook.c - Sample DHCP server storage routine
/************************************************************************

****************************************************************************** */
/* Copyright 1984 - 1997 Wind River Systems, Inc. */
#include “copyright_wrs.h”
01c,16jan02,ds minor edits

01b,29apr97,spm written. */
/*
DESCRIPTION
This code demonstrates one possible method of implementing the permanent
storage needed by the DHCP server. It uses an ATA device and a DOS file
system which spans the full device.
*/
#include “vxWorks.h”
#include “dosFsLib.h”
#include “ioLib.h”
#include <drv/hdisk/ataDrv.h>
#include “stdio.h” /* for sprintf() */

#include “stdlib.h” /* for atoi() */
extern usrFdiskPartRead;
extern ataDiskInit(void *);
/* DHCP include files */

#include “dhcp/dhcp.h”
#include “dhcp/common.h”
#include “dhcpsLib.h”
BOOL myFsInit = FALSE;

BOOL myFileInit = FALSE;
BOOL endOfData = FALSE;

BLK_DEV *pBlkDev0;
void *blk_device, *pCbio, *cbio1;
/*
*scsi related code
SCSI_PHYS_DEV * pPhysDev;
BLK_DEV * pBlkDev;
DOS_VOL_DESC * pVolDesc;
DOS_VOL_CONFIG configStruct; */
int myWriteDesc;
int myReadDesc;
STATUS sampleLeaseStorageHook
(
int op, /* lease operation */
char *recData, /* record of active lease */
int dataLen /* length of record data */
)
{
int result;
int offset; int length; char delim;
char buffer [10];
switch (op)
{
case DHCPS_STORAGE_START:
/* Prepare to store and retrieve records of active leases. */

printf (“START message\n”);
if (myFsInit == FALSE)
{
/* Set up the BLK_DEV structure to access the ATA device. */
printf(“Calling cbioLibInit()\n”);
cbioLibInit();
printf(“Calling dosFsLibInit()\n”);
dosFsLibInit(20);
printf(“Calling dosFsFatInit()\n”);
dosFsFatInit();
printf(“Calling dosFsFmtLibInit()\n”);
dosFsFmtLibInit();
printf(“Calling dosVDirLibInit()\n”);
dosVDirLibInit();
printf(“Calling dosChkLibInit()\n”);
dosChkLibInit();

printf(“Calling ataDevCreate()\n”);
blk_device = ataDevCreate(0,0,0,0);
printf(“Calling dcacheDevCreate()\n”);
pCbio = dcacheDevCreate(blk_device, 0, 0, “/ata0/”);
printf(“Calling dpartDevCreate()\n”);
cbio1 = dpartDevCreate( pCbio, 1, usrFdiskPartRead );
printf(“Calling dosFsDevCreate(a)\n”);
dosFsDevCreate(“/sd0a”, dpartPartGet(cbio1,0), 0, 0 );
pBlkDev0 = ataDevCreate(0,0,0,0);
ataDiskInit(pBlkDev0);
dosFsConfigShow();
/* Access an existing DOS file system. */
/*
pVolDesc = dosFsDevInit(“/sd0a”, pBlkDev, &configStruct);
if (pVolDesc == NULL)
return (ERROR);
myFsInit = TRUE;
}
if (myFileInit == FALSE)
myWriteDesc = open (“/sd0a/leases.dat”, O_WRONLY, 0);
if (myWriteDesc == ERROR) /* Try to create file. */

{
myWriteDesc = creat (“/sd0a/leases.dat”,O_WRONLY);
endOfData = TRUE;
}
if (myWriteDesc == ERROR)
return (ERROR);
myReadDesc = open (“/sd0a/leases.dat”, O_RDONLY, 0);
if (myReadDesc == ERROR)
return (ERROR);
myFileInit = TRUE;
}
break;
case DHCPS_STORAGE_WRITE:
printf (“WRITE message\n”);
/* Store active leases. Return ERROR if START operation failed. */
if (myFsInit == FALSE || myFileInit == FALSE)

return (ERROR);

/* Store the length for later retrieval by READ operation. */
sprintf (buffer, “%d:”, dataLen);

result = write (myWriteDesc, buffer, strlen (buffer));
if (result != strlen (buffer))
return (ERROR);
/* Store the record of the lease. */
result = write (myWriteDesc, recData, dataLen);

if (result != dataLen)
return (ERROR);
/*
* Force write to file - each operation must be independent,
* so can’t rely on close() call in the DHCPS_STORAGE_STOP code. */
result = ioctl (myWriteDesc, FIOFLUSH, 0);

if (result == ERROR)
return (ERROR);
endOfData = FALSE; /* Data available. */
result = read(myReadDesc, recData, length);

if(result == 0) /* Unexpected end-of-file */
{
endOfData = TRUE
return (ERROR);
}
if (result == ERROR) r
return (ERROR);
if (result != length)
return (ERROR);
break;
case DHCPS_STORAGE_CLEAR:
printf (“CLEAR message\n”);
myFileInit = FALSE;
endOfData = TRUE;
/* Remove and recreate underlying file. */
close (myWriteDesc);
close (myReadDesc);
result = remove (“/sd0a/leases.dat”);

if (result == ERROR)
return (ERROR);

myWriteDesc = creat (“/sd0a/leases.dat”, O_WRONLY);

if (myWriteDesc == ERROR)
return (ERROR);
myReadDesc = open (“/sd0a/leases.dat”, O_RDONLY, 0);

if (myReadDesc == ERROR)
return (ERROR);
myFileInit = TRUE;
break;
case DHCPS_STORAGE_STOP:
printf (“STOP message\n”);
myFileInit = FALSE;
endOfData = FALSE;
close (myWriteDesc);
close (myReadDesc);
break;
default:
printf (“bogus message\n”);
break;
}
return (OK);

DHCP

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Issues and Solutions for DHCP AppNote-212

DHCP in VxWorks (updated October 2004)

Issues and Solutions for DHCP

Version1.2 Page 1 of 46 September 2004

Version1.2 Page 2 of 46 September 2004

3. DHCP Server .................................................................................................................................................... 14

    

Version1.2 Page 3 of 46 September 2004

1. DHCP Configuration Files

1.1. In Project Facility

<WIND_BASE>/target/config/comps/src/net directory, except for PCD 1.1, in which case they

1.2. In Command Line

2. The DHCP Client

1. In the target/config/<your_BSP>/config.h file, define the following:

/* Now include the global configuration information. */

2. From the command line build the bootrom

3. Re-flash the board according to the instructions found in target/config/<your_BSP>/target.nr

Version1.2 Page 4 of 46 September 2004

2.2. Run time DHCP Client

2.2.1. Command Line Build

#define INCLUDE_DHCPC before

        

nmppc –numeric-sort vxWorks | grep –i DHCP

2.2.2. Project Facility Build

Version1.2 Page 5 of 46 September 2004

2.3. DHCP State Machine

2.3.1. DHCP Lease Negotiation

2.3.2. DHCP Client Lease Selection

2.3.3. DHCP Client Lease Renewal

2.4. Miscellaneous DHCP Issues

Version1.2 Page 6 of 46 September 2004

2.4.1. Adjusting Retransmission Times

2.4.2. How Do I Change the DHCP Lease Interval?

2.4.3. Using Boot Time DHCP (Command Line)

< ' <3<8:(

before the following lines:

Version1.2 Page 7 of 46 September 2004

2.4.6. Why is the DHCP Address Changing to a 10.0.x.x Address?

2.4.7. Specifying an IP Address at Lease Request Time

dhcpcOptionAdd(pCookie, _DHCP_CLIENT_ID_TAG, 6, etherAddress)

dhcpcOptionAdd(pCookie, _DHCP_CLIENT_ID_TAG, 7, etherAddress)

  ',,

Version1.2 Page 8 of 46 September 2004

subnetMask; /* subnet mask */

struct dhcp_param bootParams;

       ! "   

/* Need target IP address to boot over the backplane */

dhcpcOptionSet (pCookie, _DHCP_ROUTER_TAG);

inet_ntoa_b (routerAddress, pGateway); printf ("Gateway: %s\n", pGateway); }

/* if a gateway was specified, extract the network part

Version1.2 Page 9 of 46 September 2004

• of the host's address and add a route to this network */

printf("Will try to add default route.\n");

if(routeAdd("0.0.0.0", params.gad) == ERROR)

printf("Error adding gateway as default route.\n");

Version1.2 Page 10 of 46 September 2004

2.4.12. DHCP Event Hook

status = use_parameter (pLeaseData->dhcpcParam, pLeaseData);

semTake (dhcpcMutexSem, WAIT_FOREVER);

2.4.13. Avoiding the S_dhcpcLib_NOT_BOUND Error

Version1.2 Page 11 of 46 September 2004

2.4.17. Restrictions on DHCP Packet Lengths (SPR #65264) Resulting in Dropped

2.4.18. Why is the DHCP Client Sending INFORM Messages?

< ' <3<8:(

',,

!"

' <<3<1. /*

#$%&##&$#&'( #$%&##&$#&#'( #(&#&#&)( *

Call ' 3'=@'

/* struct ifnet devlist[1]; / <---- original line

/* struct ifnet devlist[1]; / <---- original line

& ! ' $ ( #%

# $

/* struct ifnet devlist[1]; / <---- original line

char pBootFile, char pHostAddr, int pMask, char pGateway);

LOCAL STATUS bootpGet=char netDev, / boot device */

5.2.1. ! "

' ,