IT130 Introduction to Networking Test #1 Study Guide

A common way to share resources on a peer-to-peer network is by modifying the file-sharing

controls via the computer’s operating system.
On a peer-to-peer network, resource sharing is handled by each individual user..
Clients on a client/server network do not share their resources directly with each other.
Networks are usually only arranged in a ring, bus, or star formation and hybrid combinations of
these patterns are possible and are often used on larger networks.
Protocols ensure that data are transferred whole, in sequence, and without error from one node
on the network to another.
Every process that occurs during network communications can be associated with a layer of the
OSI Model.
Among the Session layer’s functions are establishing and keeping alive the communications link
for the duration of the session, keeping the communication secure, synchronizing the dialogue
between the two nodes, determining whether communications have been cut off, and, if so,
figuring out where to restart transmission, and terminating communications.
The primary function of protocols at the Data Link layer is to divide data they receive from the
Network layer into distinct frames that can then be transmitted by the Physical layer.
Addressing is a system for assigning unique identification numbers to devices on a network.
Connectivity devices such as hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical layer of the OSI Model.
Transmission methods using fiber-optic cables achieve faster throughput than those using copper
or wireless connections.
Eight bits form a byte.
A pulse of positive voltage represents a 1.
An access point is a device that accepts wireless signals from multiple nodes and retransmits
them to the rest of the network.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) belongs to the Transport layer of the OSI Model.
Routers use IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) to determine which nodes belong to a
certain multicast group and to transmit data to all nodes in that group.
MAC addresses are assigned to a device’s NIC at the factory by its manufacturer.
An IP whose first octet is in the range of 128–191 belongs to a Class B network.
Static IP addressing can easily result in the duplication of address assignments.
A network is a group of computers and other devices that are connected by some type of
transmission media.
In a peer-to-peer network, every computer can communicate directly with every other computer.
A LAN is a network of computers and other devices that is confined to a relatively small space,
such as one building or even one office.
A personal computer which may or may not be connected to a network is a workstation.
The device inside a computer that connects a computer to the network media and allows it to
communicate with other computers is known as a NIC.
The motherboard is the main circuit that controls the computer.
The network operating system is the software that runs on a server and enables the server to
manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions.
A Host enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network?
A node is a client, server, or other device that can communicate over a network and is identified
by a unique number, known as its network address.
A segment is usually composed of a group of nodes that use the same communications channel
for all their traffic.
The backbone of a network refers to that part of the network to which segments and shared
devices connect.
The physical layout of a computer network is known as its topology.
Protocols are standard methods or formats for communication between networked devices.
Data packets are the distinct units of data that are transmitted from one node on a network to
another.
The scheme used to assign a unique identifying number to every node on a network is known as
addressing.
Transmission media is the means through which data is transmitted and received.
File services refer to the capability of a server to share data files, applications (such as word-
processing or spreadsheet programs), and disk storage space.
Another term for a remote access server is communications server.
Mail services coordinate the storage and transfer of e-mail between users on a network.
A Web server is a computer installed with the appropriate software to supply Web pages to many
different clients upon demand.
Standards are documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria
that stipulate how a particular product or service should be designed or performed.
Addresses used to identify computers on the Internet and other TCP/IP-based networks are
known as IP addresses.
The Application layer separates data into protocol data units or discrete amounts of data.
The top, or seventh, layer of the OSI Model is the Application layer
Through Application layer protocols, software applications negotiate their formatting,
procedural, security, synchronization, and other requirements with the network.
Protocols at the Presentation layer accept Application layer data and format it so that one type of
application and host can understand data from another type of application and host.
Protocols in the Session layer coordinate and maintain communications between two nodes on
the network.
Checksums are added to data at the source and verified at the destination.
Transport layer protocols break large data units received from the Session layer into multiple
smaller units, called segments.
Sequencing is a method of identifying segments that belong to the same group of subdivided
data.
A frame is a structured package for moving data that includes not only the raw data, or
“payload,” but also the sender’s and receiver’s network addresses, and error checking and
control information.
The primary function of protocols in the Data Link layer, is to divide data they receive from the
Network layer into distinct frames that can then be transmitted by the Physical layer.
MAC addresses contain two parts: a Block ID and a Device ID.
The Physical layer is the lowest, or first, layer of the OSI Model.
Protocols at the Physical layer accept frames from the Data Link layer and generate voltage so as
to transmit signals.
Connectivity devices such as hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical layer.
Flow control is the process of gauging the appropriate rate of transmission based on how fast the
recipient can accept data.
The distance between corresponding points on a wave’s cycle is called its wavelength.
A form of transmission that allows multiple signals to travel simultaneously over one medium is
known as multiplexing.
The loss of a signal’s strength as it travels away from its source is known as attenuation.
A device that regenerates a digital signal is called a repeater.
A media converter is a piece of hardware that enables networks or segments running on different
media to interconnect and exchange signals.
Twisted-pair cable consists of color-coded pairs of insulated copper wires, each with a diameter
of 0.4 to 0.8 mm.
Shielded twisted-pair cable consists of twisted wire pairs that are not only individually insulated,
but also surrounded by a shielding made of a metallic substance such as foil.
The hardware that makes up the enterprise-wide cabling system is known as the cable plant.
A patch cable in which the termination locations of the transmit and receive wires on one end of
the cable are reversed is known as a crossover cable.
Networks that transmit signals through the atmosphere via infrared or radiofrequency (RF)
waves are known as wireless networks.
An antenna’s radiation pattern describes the relative strength over a three dimensional area of all
the electromagnetic energy the antenna sends or receives.
The geographical area that an antenna or wireless system can reach is known as its range.
Fading refers to a change in signal strength as a result of some of the electromagnetic energy
being scattered, reflected, or diffracted after being issued by the transmitter.
In narrowband ____, a transmitter concentrates the signal energy at a single frequency or in a
very small range of frequencies.
When a data transmission involves only one transmitter and one receiver, it is considered a point-
to-point transmission.
Digital signals are composed of pulses of precise, positive voltages and zero voltages.
Protocols define the standards for communication between network devices.
TCP operates at the Transport layer of the OSI Model and provides reliable data delivery
services.
TCP provides information about how and where data should be delivered, including the data’s
source and destination addresses.
ICMP is a Network layer protocol that reports on the success or failure of data delivery.
Multicasting is a transmission method that allows one node to send data to a defined group of
nodes.
ARP is a Network layer protocol that obtains the MAC (physical) address of a host, or node, and
then creates a database that maps the MAC address to the host’s IP (logical) address.
Dynamic ARP table entries are created when a client makes an ARP request that cannot be
satisfied by data already in the ARP table.
The IP address 127.0.0.1 is called a loopback address.
DHCP is an automated means of assigning a unique IP address to every device on a network.
APIPA assigns the computer’s network adapter an IP address from a predefined pool of
addresses, 169.254.0.0 through 169.254.255.255, that IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority) has reserved for this purpose.
Well known Ports are in the range of 0 to 1023 and are assigned to processes that only the
operating system or an administrator of the system can access.
Registered Ports are in the range of 1024 to 49151.
Resolvers are hosts on the Internet that need to look up domain name information.
Telnet is a terminal emulation protocol used to log on to remote hosts using the TCP/IP protocol
suite.
FTP is an Application layer protocol used to send and receive files via TCP/IP.
PING is a utility that can verify that TCP/IP is installed, bound to the NIC, configured correctly,
and communicating with the network.
NetBIOS is a protocol originally designed for IBM to provide Transport and Session layer
services for applications running on small, homogenous networks.
AppleTalk is the protocol suite originally designed to interconnect Macintosh computers.
Binding is the process of assigning one network component to work with another.
In the context of TCP/IP, a packet is also known as an IP datagram.
Networks running more than one protocol are called multiprotocol networks.
An IP address that is assigned to a device upon request and is changeable is known as a dynamic
IP address.
A process’s port number plus its host machine’s IP address equals the process’s socket.
TCP - A connection-oriented protocol.
Standards - Define the minimum acceptable performance of a product or service.
Checksum - A unique character string that allows the receiving node to determine if an arriving
data unit matches exactly the data unit sent by the source.
Sequencing - A method of identifying segments that belong to the same group of subdivided
data.
ISP - A business that provides organizations and individuals with access to the Internet and
often, other services, such as e-mail and Web hosting.