Oracle Applications Architecture Release 11i Student Guide

Oracle Applications
Architecture, Release 11i

Student Guide
Course Code 14433GC10

Edition 1.0
Month July 2000
Part Number M0-11890
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights reserved.
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Author
Richard Sears, Yun Shaw
Technical Contributors and Reviewers
Dawn Austin, Mary Beights, Steve Coleman, Ivo Dujmovic, Rick Lotero, Jeff
Lunn, Kent Noble, Bill Sawyer, Sean Tuck
Table of Contents
Oracle Applications Overview..............................................................................................1-1

Oracle Applications Overview.............................................................................................1-2
Objectives ............................................................................................................................1-3
Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................1-4
Oracle Applications .............................................................................................................1-5
Oracle Applications and the Technology Stack ...................................................................1-6
Oracle8i and Oracle Tools Release/Version Requirements .................................................1-7
Oracle Applications Product Families .................................................................................1-8
Standard Product Abbreviations ..........................................................................................1-9
Product Dependencies..........................................................................................................1-10
Vision Demo Database ........................................................................................................1-11
Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................1-12
Practice ................................................................................................................................1-13
The Applications Technology Layer ....................................................................................2-1
The Applications Technology Layer ...................................................................................2-2
Objectives ............................................................................................................................2-3
Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................2-4
Applications Technology Layer...........................................................................................2-5
Applications Technology Layer Members...........................................................................2-6
Applications Technology Layer Members..........................................................................2-7
Oracle Application Object Library ......................................................................................2-8
AOL End User Features.......................................................................................................2-9
AOL Developer Features .....................................................................................................2-10
AOL Features for Administrators ........................................................................................2-11
Application Object Library Security....................................................................................2-12
Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................2-13
Practice ................................................................................................................................2-14
Internet Computing Architecture and Oracle Applications ..............................................3-1
Internet Computing Architecture and Oracle Applications..................................................3-2
Objectives ............................................................................................................................3-3
Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................3-4
Internet Computing Architecture .........................................................................................3-5
Desktop Tier ........................................................................................................................3-6
Forms Client Applet ............................................................................................................3-7
JInitiator...............................................................................................................................3-8
Application Tier...................................................................................................................3-9
Web Server ..........................................................................................................................3-10
Forms Server........................................................................................................................3-11
Load Balancing Among Forms Servers ...............................................................................3-12
Self-Service Web Applications............................................................................................3-13
PL/SQL Access with Self-Service Web Applications .........................................................3-14
Java Servlet Access with Self-Service Applications............................................................3-15
Concurrent Processing Server..............................................................................................3-16
Accessing Concurrent Processing Output............................................................................3-17
Reports Server .....................................................................................................................3-18
Administration Server..........................................................................................................3-19
Database Tier.......................................................................................................................3-20
Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................3-21
Practice ................................................................................................................................3-22
Oracle Applications Database Structure .............................................................................4-1
Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contents

i
Oracle Applications Database Structure ..............................................................................4-2
Objectives ............................................................................................................................4-3
Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................4-4
Oracle Applications Database Objects.................................................................................4-5
Schemas ...............................................................................................................................4-6
APPS Schema ......................................................................................................................4-7
Oracle Applications Product Schemas.................................................................................4-8
Additional Schemas .............................................................................................................4-9
Schemas Used During Signon .............................................................................................4-10
Multiple Organization Architecture Views..........................................................................4-11
Multiple Sets of Books Architecture....................................................................................4-12
Multiple Reporting Currencies ............................................................................................4-13
Oracle8i Features Used by Oracle Applications 11i ............................................................4-14
Advanced Queuing ..............................................................................................................4-15
Temporary Tables................................................................................................................4-16
Index-Organized Tables.......................................................................................................4-17
Partitioned Tables ................................................................................................................4-18
Materialized Views..............................................................................................................4-19
Invoker’s Rights...................................................................................................................4-20
Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................4-21
Practice ................................................................................................................................4-22
Oracle Applications File System...........................................................................................5-1
Oracle Applications File System .........................................................................................5-2
Objectives ............................................................................................................................5-3
Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................5-5
Oracle Applications File System .........................................................................................5-6
APPL_TOP Directory..........................................................................................................5-7
Oracle Applications Product Directories .............................................................................5-8
Distributing Files Across Multiple Disks ............................................................................5-9
Product Directories ..............................................................................................................5-10
Admin Directory..................................................................................................................5-11
Bin Directory .......................................................................................................................5-12
Forms Directory...................................................................................................................5-13
Help Directory .....................................................................................................................5-14
HTML Directory..................................................................................................................5-15
Include Directory .................................................................................................................5-16
Java Directory......................................................................................................................5-17
Lib Directory .......................................................................................................................5-18
Log and Out Directories ......................................................................................................5-19
Media Directory...................................................................................................................5-20
Mesg Directory ....................................................................................................................5-21
Patch Directory ....................................................................................................................5-22
PL/SQL and Resource Directories.......................................................................................5-23
Reports Directory.................................................................................................................5-24
Sql Directory........................................................................................................................5-25
AD Directory .......................................................................................................................5-26
AU Directory .......................................................................................................................5-27
Admin Directory..................................................................................................................5-28
Admin Directory Text Files.................................................................................................5-29
Common Components Directory .........................................................................................5-30
Copying Java Files: Product Files........................................................................................5-31
Copying Java Files: apps.zip ...............................................................................................5-32
Technology Stack Directory ................................................................................................5-33
Oracle Applications Database Files Directory.....................................................................5-34
Oracle Enterprise Manager Directory..................................................................................5-35
File Types ............................................................................................................................5-36

ii
Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................5-38
Practice ................................................................................................................................5-39
Applications Environment Files ...........................................................................................6-1
Applications Environment Files ..........................................................................................6-2
Objectives ............................................................................................................................6-3
Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................6-4
Oracle Applications Environment File ................................................................................6-5
The fndenv.env File .............................................................................................................6-11
The devenv.env File.............................................................................................................6-12
The adovars.env File............................................................................................................6-13
The adconfig.txt File............................................................................................................6-14
User Defaults File ................................................................................................................6-15
Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................6-16
Practice ................................................................................................................................6-17
Languages and Localizations................................................................................................7-1
Languages and Localizations...............................................................................................7-2
Objectives ............................................................................................................................7-3
Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................7-4
Languages and Localizations...............................................................................................7-5
Oracle Applications Alternate Languages ...........................................................................7-6
File Character Set ................................................................................................................7-7
Installing Multiple Languages .............................................................................................7-8
Translated Language Items..................................................................................................7-9
Additional Language Subdirectories....................................................................................7-10
Localizations........................................................................................................................7-11
Localization Applications ....................................................................................................7-12
Localization Directories.......................................................................................................7-13
Localization Database Objects.............................................................................................7-14
Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................7-15
Practice ................................................................................................................................7-16
Appendix A - Glossary ..........................................................................................................8-1
Appendix A - Glossary ........................................................................................................8-2

iii
Preface
Profile
Before You Begin This Course
Before you begin this course, you should have the following qualifications:
• Knowledge of ERP software systems and the Internet recommended
Prerequisites
• There are no prerequisites for this course
How This Course Is Organized
Oracle Applications Architecture is an instructor-led course featuring lecture and

hands-on exercises. Online demonstrations and written practice sessions reinforce
the concepts and skills introduced.

v
Related Publications
Oracle Publications
Title Part Number
Oracle Applications Concepts A82932-01
Upgrading Oracle Applications A69411-01
Installing Oracle Applications A69409-01
Maintaining Oracle Applications A83525-01
Additional Publications
• System release bulletins
• Installation and user’s guides
• read.me files
• Oracle Applications User’s Group (OAUG) articles
• Oracle Magazine

vi
Typographic Conventions
Typographic Conventions in Text
Convention Element Example

Bold italic Glossary term (if The algorithm inserts the new key.
there is a glossary)
Caps and Buttons, Click the Executable button.

lowercase check boxes, Select the Can’t Delete Card check box.
triggers, Assign a When-Validate-Item trigger to the
windows ORD block.
Open the Master Schedule window.
Courier new, Code output, Code output: debug.set (‘I”, 300);

case sensitive directory names, Directory: bin (DOS), $FMHOME (UNIX)
(default is filenames, Filename: Locate the init.ora file.
lowercase) passwords, Password: User tiger as your password.
pathnames, Pathname: Open c:\my_docs\projects
URLs, URL: Go to http://www.oracle.com
user input,
User input: Enter 300
usernames
Username: Log on as scott
Initial cap Graphics labels Customer address (but Oracle Payables)

(unless the term is a
proper noun)
Italic Emphasized words Do not save changes to the database.

and phrases, For further information, see Oracle7 Server
titles of books and SQL Language Reference Manual.
courses, Enter user_id@us.oracle.com,
variables where user_id is the name of the user.
Quotation Interface elements Select “Include a reusable module component”
marks with long names and click Finish.
that have only
initial caps; This subject is covered in Unit II, Lesson 3,
lesson and chapter “Working with Objects.”
titles in cross-
references
Uppercase SQL column Use the SELECT command to view

names, commands, information stored in the LAST_NAME
functions, schemas, column of the EMP table.
table names

vii
Arrow Menu paths Select File—> Save.
Brackets Key names Press [Enter].
Commas Key sequences Press and release keys one at a time:

[Alternate], [F], [D]
Plus signs Key combinations Press and hold these keys simultaneously:
[Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Del]
Typographic Conventions in Code

Caps and Oracle Forms When-Validate-Item
lowercase triggers
Lowercase Column names, SELECT last_name
table names FROM s_emp;
Passwords DROP USER scott

IDENTIFIED BY tiger;
PL/SQL objects OG_ACTIVATE_LAYER
(OG_GET_LAYER
(‘prod_pie_layer’))
Lowercase Syntax variables CREATE ROLE role

italic
Uppercase SQL commands and SELECT userid
functions FROM emp;
Typographic Conventions in Navigation Paths
This course uses simplified navigation paths, such as the following example, to
direct you through Oracle Applications.
(N) Invoice > Entry > Invoice Batches Summary (M) Query > Find (B) Approve
This simplified path translates to the following:
1. (N) From the Navigator window, select Invoice > Entry > Invoice Batches
Summary.
2. (M) From the menu, select Query > Find.
3. (B) Click the Approve button.

viii
Notations :
(N) = Navigator
(M) = Menu
(T) = Tab
(I) = Icon
(H) = Hyperlink
(B) = Button
Typographical Conventions in Help System Paths
This course uses a “navigation path” convention to represent actions you perform
to find pertinent information in the Oracle Applications Help System.
The following help navigation path, for example—
(Help) General Ledger > Journals > Enter Journals
—represents the following sequence of actions:
1. In the navigation frame of the help system window, expand the General
Ledger entry.
2. Under the General Ledger entry, expand Journals.
3. Under Journals, select Enter Journals.
4. Review the Enter Journals topic that appears in the document frame of the
help system window.

ix

x
Oracle Applications Overview
Chapter 1

Chapter 1 - Page 1
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications Overview
Overview
Copyright  Oracle Corporat ion, 2000. All right s reserved.
Profile
How This Course Is Organized
Oracle Applications Architecture is an instructor-led course featuring lecture and
written practice sessions.
This course takes a platform-generic approach. When appropriate, NT or UNIX
specific information is presented. Many environment variables such as APPL_TOP are
stated as such. For a Unix environment assume that it is $APPL_TOP and for NT
%APPL_TOP%.

Chapter 1 - Page 2
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
•• The
The components
components ofof Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications
•• Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications product
product families
families
•• Product
Product dependencies
dependencies
•• The
The relationship
relationship between
between Oracle
Oracle Applications,
Applications,
Oracle8i,
Oracle8i, and
and other
other technology
technology stack
stack tools
tools
•• The
The Vision
Vision demo
demo database
database
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• List the components of Oracle Applications.
• Describe the Oracle Applications product families.
• Explain product dependencies.
• Explain the relationship between Oracle Applications, Oracle8i, and other
technology stack tools.
• Describe the Vision demo database.

Chapter 1 - Page 3
Lesson Overview
Lesson
Lesson Overview
Overview
•• Database
Database components
components
•• File
File system
system components
components
•• Product
Product families
families
•• Product
Product dependencies
dependencies
•• Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications and
and other
other technology
technology stack
stack
products
products
•• Vision
Vision demo
demo database
database
This lesson is important because it provides an introduction to the different programs

and modules that comprise Oracle Applications Release 11i. It describes the
components that are stored and processed in the Oracle Applications database as well
as the components stored in the Oracle Applications file system. It also explains the
various product families and how dependencies exist between them. A brief
introduction of the Vision demo database is also provided.

Chapter 1 - Page 4
Oracle Applications
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications
Suite of business applications
Applications Technology CRM
Financials Supply Chain
HRMS Manufacturing
Stored in a Database and File System
Business Product
Data Files
Oracle Applications is a suite of integrated software applications that provides a

complete solution to the business needs of Oracle customers. Each application provides
services and processing in a particular business area such as inventory or accounts
receivable.
An Oracle Applications installation physically consists of
A file system containing
• forms that allow interactive entry and updating of data
• reports that allow formatted documentation and display of data
• concurrent programs that provide high-volume, non-interactive update of data
• programs and SQL scripts for maintaining the system
• Java that performs certain UI and business functions
An Oracle8i database containing
• data objects, such as
– tables which are used to store customer data
– indexes and sequences
• code objects, such as
– PL/SQL stored procedures and triggers for performing database
processing
– views, grants, synonyms and functions

Chapter 1 - Page 5
Oracle Applications and the Technology Stack
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications and
and the
the Technology
Technology
Stack
Stack
Oracle Applications
CRM Financials HRMS Manufacturing
Applications Technology
Technology Stack
Forms Server Reports Server Web Server
Oracle8i
Oracle Applications Release 11i works in conjunction with the Oracle8i Server and
associated Oracle tools products. The customer data gathered, stored and processed by
Oracle Applications is stored in tables in an Oracle8i database. The Oracle tools
products provide the multi-tier, distributed processing capability.
The Oracle Applications Technology layer lies between the Oracle tools and the Oracle
Applications product specific modules. It provides features common to all Oracle
Applications products.
Details on the Applications Technology layer will be covered in a subsequent lesson.

Chapter 1 - Page 6
Oracle8i and Oracle Tools Release/Version
Requirements
Oracle8i
Oracle8i and
and Oracle
Oracle Tools
Tools
Release/Version
Release/Version Requirements
Requirements
Product Version
Oracle8i (Enterprise) 8.1.6

Oracle Enterprise
Manager 8.1.6
Oracle Developer Server 6.0.8

Oracle WebDB 2.2
Oracle WebDB Listener 2.5
This slide lists the version requirements for the Oracle 8i server and the components of
the Technology Stack.
Always refer to the Certify site to verify that the combination of platform and
components that you plan to use are properly certified by Oracle Applications:
http://wwsreg.us.oracle.com:8001/certifyv3/owa/certify.welcome

Chapter 1 - Page 7
Oracle Applications Product Families
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications Product
Product Families
Families
Manufacturing/
Distribution Public Sector
Human Resources
Financials
Management
Process Customer Relationship

Manufacturing Management
The applications that make up Oracle Applications are grouped into product families.
Some of the product families are shown on the slide. Each product family contains
many applications. For example Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables and Oracle
General Ledger are three of the many members of the Financials product family. The
Release 11i Upgrading Oracle Applications manual provides a list of all the product
members for each product family.

Chapter 1 - Page 8
Standard Product Abbreviations
Standard
Standard Product
Product Abbreviations
Abbreviations
ID Short name Full Name
0 FND Application Object Library
101 GL Oracle General Ledger
222 AR Oracle Receivables
401 INV Oracle Inventory
Copyright  Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights

reserved
Each application has multiple identifiers. These identifiers are used internally
throughout Oracle Applications and are commonly used when referring to Oracle
Applications products. Some example identifiers are shown on the slide. Refer to the
Upgrading Oracle Applications manual for a complete list of product identifiers.

Chapter 1 - Page 9
Product Dependencies
Product
Product Dependencies
Dependencies
GL
FND
INV AR
The products that make up Oracle Applications are tightly integrated. Some products
depend on components from other products, called dependent or shared products, for
full functionality.
The slide shows a simplified example of product dependencies.
• GL (Oracle General Ledger) depends on the Application Object Library (FND).
• INV (Oracle Inventory) depends on the Application Object Library and General
Ledger.
• AR (Oracle Receivables) depends on the Application Object Library, Inventory,
and General Ledger.
To simplify licensing and maintenance, both the database objects for all Oracle
Applications products and all product files are installed by the Rapid Install utility.
This includes any localization files. After you have installed Oracle Applications, you
use the License Manager to license the products you wish to use.
Note: Products can be used independently and they can also be integrated with other
third party software.

Chapter 1 - Page 10
Vision Demo Database
Vision
Vision Demo
Demo Database
Database
Vision
Database
The Vision demonstration database provides a sample set of transaction data for a
fictitious company that uses most Oracle Applications Release 11i products. The
Vision Demo runs with Oracle8i Enterprise Edition and can be installed with Rapid
Install.
The Vision Demo simulates a real production installation configuration. As such, it can
be both upgraded and maintained using regular Oracle Applications utilities.
The Vision database uses its own database instance and cannot be combined with any
other Oracle Applications installation.
You can use the Vision Demo as a testing and training environment. You can also use
it to learn about new products to help decide whether you want to expand the number
of Oracle Applications products you have licensed.

Chapter 1 - Page 11
Lesson Summary
Lesson
Lesson Summary
Summary
•• Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications isis aa suite
suite of
of integrated
integrated
business applications.
business applications.
•• Applications
Applications components
components are are stored
stored in in both
both anan
Oracle8i
Oracle8i database
database and
and the
the applications
applications file file system
system
•• The
The applications
applications modules
modules areare grouped
grouped into into
product
product families.
families.
•• Product
Product family
family modules
modules are are tightly
tightly integrated
integrated and
and
dependencies exist between many
dependencies exist between many modules. modules.
•• The
The Vision
Vision database
database simulates
simulates aa realreal production
production
installation
installation configuration
configuration with
with full
full functionality
functionality ofof
most
most Release
Release 11i
11i products.
products.

Chapter 1 - Page 12
Practice
Practice
Practice
11 Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications stores
stores its
its components
components in in aa database
database and
and
aa collection
collection of of files.
files. Name
Name twotwo types
types ofof database
database objects
objects used
used
by
by Oracle
Oracle Applications.
Applications.
22 Name
Name two two types
types ofof Oracle
Oracle Application
Application components
components stored
stored in
in
the
the file
file system.
system.
33 Name
Name one one Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications product
product family
family along
along with
with some
some
of
of its
its products.
products.
44 Other
Other thanthan the
the Oracle
Oracle 8i8i server,
server, what
what are
are the
the other
other
components
components of of the
the technology
technology stackstack required
required byby Oracle
Oracle
Applications.
Applications.
55 What
What is is the
the product
product abbreviation
abbreviation for for the
the Application
Application Object
Object
Library?
Library?
66 What
What is is the
the purpose
purpose of of the
the Vision
Vision demo
demo database
database that
that is
is
supplied
supplied with with Oracle
Oracle Applications?
Applications?
Practice Solutions
1 Oracle Applications stores its components in a database and a collection of files.
Name two types of database objects used by Oracle Applications.
Tables, PL/SQL stored procedures, triggers, indexes, sequences, views,
grants and synonyms
2 Name two types of Oracle Application components stored in the file system.
Forms, reports, concurrent programs
3 Name one Oracle Applications product family along with some of its products.
For the Financials product family, Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables,
and General Ledger are members. See the Upgrading Oracle
Applications manual for a complete listing of product families and their
member products.
4 Other than the Oracle 8i server, what are the other components of the technology
stack required by Oracle Applications.
Oracle Enterprise Manager, Oracle Developer Server, Oracle WebDB,
Oracle WebDB Listener
5 What is the product abbreviation for the Application Object Library?
FND

Chapter 1 - Page 13
6 What is the purpose of the Vision demo database that is supplied with Oracle
Applications?
The Vision database simulates a real production installation
configuration. It can be used for product demonstrations as well as
training.

Chapter 1 - Page 14
The Applications Technology
Layer
Chapter 2
The Applications Technology Layer

Chapter 2 - Page 1
The
The Applications
Technology Layer
Layer

Chapter 2 - Page 2
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
•• Products
Products that
that comprise
comprise the
the Applications
Applications
Technology
Technology layer
layer
•• The
The functions
functions provided
provided by
by each
each member
member
•• The
The Application
Application Object
Object Library
Library
•• Application
Application Object
Object Library
Library features
features provided
provided to
to
end
end users,
users, developers,
developers, and
and administrators
administrators
This lesson describes the Applications Technology layer. The Applications Technology
layer provides standardized functionality, capabilities, and security across all Oracle
Applications modules.
• List the products that comprise the Application Technology layer.
• Briefly describe the functions provided by each member of this layer.
• Describe the Application Object Library.
• List the Application Object Library features provided to end users, developers,
and administrators.

Chapter 2 - Page 3
Lesson Overview
Lesson
Lesson Overview
Overview
Oracle Applications
Applications Technology Layer
The Applications Technology layer provides common, basic functionality across all
Oracle Applications product families. The Application Object Library is a fundamental
part of the Applications Technology layer.

Chapter 2 - Page 4
Applications Technology Layer
Applications
Technology Layer
Layer
Oracle Applications
Application Object Library Applications DBA

Application Utilities Implementation Wizard
Common Modules Alert Workflow
Within Oracle Applications, the Applications Technology layer is a collection of products

whose functionality is applicable to all Oracle Applications modules. The products
include:
• Application Object Library
• Applications DBA
• Applications Utilities
• Common Modules
• Workflow
• Alert
• Implementation Wizard

Chapter 2 - Page 5
Applications Technology Layer Members
Applications
Technology Layer
Layer
Members
Members
•• Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications DBA
DBA
•• Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications Utilities
Utilities
•• Oracle
Oracle Common
Common Modules
Modules
Oracle Applications DBA

The Applications DBA product provides a set of tools that help in the administration of
the Oracle Applications file system and database. It provides tools for installing,
upgrading, maintaining, and patching the applications environment.
Oracle Applications Utilities
The Applications Utilities products are used in maintenance of the Oracle Applications’
environment and include shared product libraries used by all Oracle Applications
products. The installation process copies PL/SQL code from each application’s
PL/SQL directory into this common area. Other Oracle products use the code in these
directories instead of in each product’s PL/SQL subdirectory. The applications Java
files are stored in this common area as well.
Oracle Common Modules
The Common Modules is an active data dictionary that enables you to define
application components for the web, and generate many of the application's
characteristics at runtime. It is heavily used to develop inquiry applications for the web
without programming. It is also used to store translated labels for all the attributes on a
transaction page.

Chapter 2 - Page 6
Applications Technology Layer Members
Applications
Technology Layer
Layer
Members
Members
•• Oracle
Oracle Workflow
Workflow
•• Oracle
Oracle Alert
Alert
•• Oracle
Oracle Application
Application Implementation
Implementation Wizard
Wizard
Oracle Workflow
Oracle Workflow allows for communication of data between applications and
accomplishes three important business requirements: routing information, defining
rules, and delivering electronic notifications. Oracle Workflow Builder lets you
graphically define the rules of your process which are expressed as automated activities
using PL/SQL. Electronic notifications can be delivered via email to any Oracle
Applications or Internet user.
Oracle Alert
Oracle Alert allows you to electronically mail system notifications to users when an
exception or event has occurred. Some applications are delivered with predefined alerts
which allow you to notify users about specified database exceptions as they occur and
perform routine tasks automatically according to a schedule that you define.
Application Implementation Wizard
Oracle Application Implementation Wizard guides your implementation of Oracle
Applications products by tracking the implementation tasks needed for the products
licensed. This allows easy administration and monitoring of the implementation
process.

Chapter 2 - Page 7
Oracle Application Object Library
Oracle
Oracle Application
Application Object
Object Library
Library
General Fixed
Receivables Inventory
Ledger Assets
Application Object Library
The Application Object Library is a primary component of the Applications

Technology layer. The Application Object Library is a collection of programs and
database tables that provide common functionality across all applications. Using the
Application Object Library ensures that the processing of flexfields or the procedure
for report submission , for instance, does not vary from one application to another. The
Application Object Library also provides capabilities for developers to extend the
operation of Oracle Applications by creating custom programs that interact with the
base modules.

Chapter 2 - Page 8
AOL End User Features
AOL
AOL End
End User
User Features
Features
•• Standard
Standard user
user interface
interface
•• Key
Key flexfields
flexfields and
and descriptive
descriptive flexfields
flexfields
•• Shared
Shared flexfield
flexfield value
value sets
sets
•• Standard
Standard Report
Report Submission
Submission
•• Applications
Applications Online
Online Help
Help
The Application Object Library supports the integration of Oracle Applications by

providing standardized functionality and capabilities across all applications so that the
look and feel do not vary by application. Flexfields allow the entry of certain important
information to be standardized across all applications. One example is the Accounting
Flexfield, which is used by both financial applications and manufacturing applications.
Another example of such standardization is the Standard Report Submission (SRS)
facility. The procedure to submit a batch report using SRS is the same regardless of the
application that owns the report.
The Applications Online Help is also standardized across all applications.

Chapter 2 - Page 9
AOL Developer Features
AOL
AOL Developer
Developer Features
•• PL/SQL
PL/SQL libraries
libraries
•• CUSTOM
CUSTOM library
library
•• GUI
GUI standards
standards
•• Coding
Coding standards
standards
•• Message
Message dictionary
dictionary
•• Standard
Standard Report
Report Submission
Submission
•• Flexfield
Flexfield development
development
•• APIs
APIs
•• Function
Function security
security
Application Object Library provides many features for developers creating custom
programs that interface with Oracle Applications.
The same coding and GUI standards used by Oracle Applications developers are
available to custom developers.
Custom reports can be integrated into Standard Report Submission so that they can be
submitted and monitored using the same procedures as other Oracle Applications
reports.
Flexfields used on custom forms can take advantage of existing flexfield capabilities
such as value sets.
Detailed information on custom developers’ features can be found in the Oracle
Applications Developers’ Guide.

Chapter 2 - Page 10
AOL Features for Administrators
AOL
AOL Features
Features for
for Administrators
Administrators
•• Manage
Manage and
and control
control security
security
•• Set
Set up
up new
new users
users
•• Audit
Audit user
user activity
activity
•• Set
Set user
user and
and system
system profiles
profiles
•• Manage
Manage concurrent
concurrent processing
processing
The Application Object Library provides many features to make administration of the
Oracle Applications easier.
The applications system administrator can
• Manage and control security: Decide which users have access to each
application, and within an application, which forms, functions, and reports a user
can access.
• Set up new users: Register new Oracle Applications users, and give them access
to only those forms, functions, and reports they need to do their jobs.
• Audit user activity: Monitor what users are doing and when they do it. Choose
who to audit and what type of data to audit.
• Set user and system profiles: A user or system profile is a set of changeable
options that affects the way Oracle Applications looks and behaves. A system
administrator can set profile values at the site, application, responsibility, and
user levels.
• Manage concurrent processing: Concurrent Processing is an Oracle Applications
facility that lets long-running, data-intensive tasks run simultaneously with
online operations, taking full advantage of multitasking and parallel processing.
A system administrator can monitor and control concurrent processing using a
few simple forms.

Chapter 2 - Page 11
Application Object Library Security
Application
Application Object Library Security
Security
Responsibility
Operating Set of Books
Unit
Forms
Navigation
Programs
User Menu
Signon
Reports
Report
Group
Database Objects
Data
Group
The Application Object Library controls access to the data in Oracle Applications.
Security is provided through user signons and responsibilities.
Each user must have a signon and password to gain access to Oracle Applications.
A responsibility is a level of authority in Oracle Applications that lets application users
access only those functions and data appropriate to their roles in the organization.
Responsibilities can allow access to a specific application, operating units, set of books
and a restricted list of windows, functions and other responsibilities.
Note that the forms available from the navigation menus vary by responsibility. For
example the Purchasing User navigation menu does not include all the forms that are
available to the Purchasing Super User navigation menu.
When you install Oracle Applications, a standard application user called SYSADMIN
is created for you. Several default responsibilities are also created. Since the
SYSADMIN signon is automatically assigned to the System Administration
responsibility, you can use SYSADMIN to create new user signons and assign them to
responsibilities. You can also create any custom responsibilities you need.

Chapter 2 - Page 12
Lesson Summary
Lesson
Lesson Summary
Summary
•• The
The Application
Application Technology
Technology Layer
Layer provides
provides
services
services and
and functionality
functionality to
to all
all applications.
applications.
•• The
The Application
Application Object
Object Library,
Library, Applications
Applications DBA
DBA ,,
Applications Utilities, Workflow, Alert, and
Applications Utilities, Workflow, Alert, and the the
Implementation
Implementation Wizard
Wizard are
are all
all important
important
components
components of the Applications Technology
of the Applications Technology layer.
layer.
•• Application
Application Object
Object Library
Library provides
provides aa common
common
interface
interface to
to all
all applications.
applications.
•• Application
Application Object
Object Library
Library features
features allow
allow
developers
developers to customize and extend functionality.
to customize and extend functionality.
•• Application
Application Object
Object Library
Library supplies
supplies thethe security
security
layer
layer for
for Oracle
Applications.

Chapter 2 - Page 13
Practice
Practice
Practice
11 What
What isis the
the importance
importance ofof the
the Application
Technology Layer?
Layer?
22 The
The Application
Application Object
Object Library
Library is
is one
one product
product of
of the
the
Application
Technology Layer.
Layer. Name
Name two
two other
other products.
products.
33 List
List two
two AOL
AOL features
features for
for end
end users.
users.
44 Name
Name two
two AOL
AOL features
features used
used by
by developers.
developers.
55 Name
Name two
two AOL
AOL features
features used
used by
by administrators.
administrators.
Practice Solutions
1 What is the importance of the Application Technology Layer?
The Applications Technology Layer provides common, basic
functionality across all Oracle Applications product families.
2 The Application Object Library is one product of the Application Technology
Layer. Name two other products.
–Applications DBA
–Applications Utilities
–Workflow
–Alert
–Implementation Wizard
3 List two AOL features for end users.
–Standard user interface
–Key flexfields and descriptive flexfields
–Shared flexfield value sets
–Standard Report Submission

Chapter 2 - Page 14
4 Name two AOL features used by developers.
– PL/SQL libraries
– GUI standards
– Coding standards
– Message dictionary
– Standard Report Submission
– Flexfield development
– APIs
– Function security
5 Name two AOL features used by administrators.
– Manage and control security
– Set up new users
– Audit user activity
– Set user and system profiles
– Manage concurrent processing

Chapter 2 - Page 15

Chapter 2 - Page 16
Internet Computing
Architecture and Oracle
Applications
Chapter 3
Internet Computing Architecture and Oracle Applications

Chapter 3 - Page 1
Internet Computing Architecture and Oracle
Applications
Internet
Internet Computing
Computing Architecture
Architecture and
and
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications

Chapter 3 - Page 2
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
•• The
The benefits
benefits of
of Internet
Internet Computing
Computing architecture
architecture
•• Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications andand the
the Internet
Internet Computing
Computing
architecture
architecture
•• The
The desktop
desktop tier
tier
•• The
The application
application tier
tier
•• The
The database
database tier
tier
•• The
The servers
servers used
used byby Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications Release
Release
11i
11i
This lesson describes the multi-level architecture implemented with Release 11i of
Oracle Applications. It also explains the interaction of Oracle Applications with other
Oracle products.
• Explain the benefits of the Internet Computing (IC) architecture.
• Explain how Oracle Applications uses the Internet Computing architecture.
• Describe the components of the desktop tier.
• Describe the components of the application tier.
• Describe the components of the database tier.
• Explain the purposes for the different servers used by Oracle Applications
Release 11i.

Chapter 3 - Page 3
Lesson Overview
Lesson
Lesson Overview
Overview
Desktop Application Database

Web
Server
Forms
Browser Server
Client Concurrent Processing

Server
Applet Data
Reports Server
Server
Admin
Browser Server
The multi-tier architecture implemented in Release 11i of Oracle Applications is

similar to the architecture of Release 10.7 NCA and Release 11.0. It is, however, quite
different from the client-server architecture used in pre-10.7 NCA releases. This lesson
is important because an understanding of the different tiers and components of Oracle
Applications Release 11i that reside on each tier is fundamental to fully understanding
how Oracle Applications operates.

Chapter 3 - Page 4
Internet Computing Architecture
Internet
Internet Computing
Computing Architecture
Architecture
Desktop Application Database

Web
Server
Forms
Browser Server

Server
Applet Data
Reports Server
Server
Admin
Browser Server
The Internet Computing architecture provides Oracle Applications with a framework

for multi-tier, distributed computing. Internet computing architecture shifts software
administration from the desktop onto the middle tier, which resides in the data center
with the database server, thus lowering administration costs.
In the multi-tier computing model various functions of the Oracle Applications
architecture are distributed among multiple levels, or tiers. Although many physical
machines may be used in a configuration, scalability is derived from processing
capabilities on three separate levels: the desktop client tier, the application tier, and the
database tier.

Chapter 3 - Page 5
Desktop Tier
Desktop
Desktop Tier
Tier
Desktop
Web
Server
Forms
Browser Server

Server
Applet Data
Reports Server
Server
Admin
Browser Server
The client interface is provided through a Java applet using a Java-enabled web
browser. The client can download the applet on demand and the applet is cached
locally for future use.
Forms Client Applet
The Forms Client Applet is a component of Oracle’s Developer application
development tool. The applet sends user requests to the forms server and handles such
responses as screen updates, pop-up lists, and cursor movement. It can display any
Oracle Applications screen and supports field-level validation, multiple coordinated
windows, and data entry aids like lists of values.
Web Browser/JInitiator
The Forms Client Applet must run within a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) on the
desktop. For Oracle Applications the JVM is supplied by the JInitiator program, which
works in conjunction with the web browser.

Chapter 3 - Page 6
Forms Client Applet
Forms
Forms Client
Client Applet
Applet
Desktop
Web
Client Server
Applet
Forms
JAR files Server
Java JAR files Concurrent Processing

Enabled JAR files Server
Browser
Reports
with Server
JInitiator
Admin
Server
The Forms client applet is a general-purpose applet that supports all Oracle
Applications products including those with customizations and extensions. The Forms
client is packaged as Java ARchive (JAR) files that contain all the Java classes
typically required to run Oracle Applications forms. JAR files are digitally signed and
should not be opened or expanded on-site.
The required and commonly used JAR files are downloaded from the Web Server once
at the beginning of the client’s first session. Afterwards it remains in the browser’s
local disk cache, ready for future sessions until an updated version is released. All
updates are installed on the application tier and downloaded to the client automatically
through the use of JInitiator. Other less commonly used JAR files are downloaded as
needed.

Chapter 3 - Page 7
JInitiator
JInitiator
JInitiator
Desktop
Web
Client Server
Applet
Forms
JAR files Server
Java JAR files Concurrent Processing

Enabled JAR files Server
Browser
Reports
with Server
JInitiator
Admin
Server
JInitiator is Oracle's Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that is implemented on the desktop
client as a plug-in (Netscape Communicator) or ActiveX component (Microsoft
Internet Explorer). JInitiator allows Oracle Applications to run under the most current
Java code set and is the preferred method of accessing Oracle Applications.
When an end-user enters the desired Oracle Applications signon URL within the web
browser, the browser will execute Oracle JInitiator. If Oracle JInitiator has not been
previously installed, the browser will download the necessary installation executable to
the desktop client.
Once installed, Oracle JInitiator will run the Forms client applet and start an Oracle
Applications session.

Chapter 3 - Page 8
Application Tier
Application
Application Tier
Tier
Application
Web
Server
Forms
Browser Server

Server
Applet Data
Reports Server
Server
Admin
Browser Server
The Application Tier is the location of servers that provide the business logic and code
processing. This tier is sometimes referred to as the middle tier. There are five servers
that comprise the application tier:
The Web Server
• The Forms Server
• The Concurrent Processing Server
• The Reports Server
• The Admin Server
This tier provides the communication between the desktop tier and the database tier.
The application tier also supports load balancing among multiple forms servers to
provide optimal scalability and processing.

Chapter 3 - Page 9
Web Server
Web
Web Server
Server
Listener Web
Server
Data
1 HTTP 2 Server
Listener cgi-bin
Browser Load
Balancer
3
4 Forms 5
Server
The Web Server processes the requests it receives over the network from the desktop
clients. The Web Server consists of an HTTP listener and the cgi-bin load balancer.
1 The HTTP listener accepts incoming HTTP requests (URLs) from desktop
clients (browsers). If possible, the HTTP listener services the request itself, for
example, by returning a simple HTML web page.
2 If the page referenced by the URL needs some kind of advanced processing, e.g.
PL/SQL or Java, the listener passes the request on to the cgi-bin load balancer.
3 The cgi-bin load balancer determines the least loaded form server name and
passes the information back to the desktop client by means of an HTML page it
has created.
4 The desktop client can then connect directly to the forms server by the name it
has been provided.
5 From this point on, all communication is between the client desktop and the
Forms Server with the Forms Server handling the communication with the
Oracle8i database.

Chapter 3 - Page 10
Forms Server
Forms
Forms Server
Server
Listener Web
Server
Data
HTTP Server
Listener cgi-bin
Browser Load
Balancer
Forms
Server
The Forms Server hosts the Oracle Applications forms and the forms runtime engine.
The Forms server is a Developer Server component that mediates the communication
between the desktop client and the Oracle8i server, displaying client screens and
causing changes in the database records based on user actions. Data is cached on the
forms server and provided to the client as needed, such as when scrolling through
multiple order lines. The forms server communicates with the desktop client in one of
three ways:
a standard HTTP network connection
• a secure HTTPS network connection
• a TCP/IP connection
It communicates with the Oracle8i Server using Net8.

Chapter 3 - Page 11
Load Balancing Among Forms Servers
Load
Load Balancing
Balancing Among
Among Forms
Forms Servers
Servers
Listener Web
Server
Data
1 HTTP 2 Server
Listener cgi-bin
Browser Load
4 Balancer
Forms
Server 1 3
5 Forms 6
Server 2
Automatic load balancing among multiple forms servers can be provided. In a load-
balancing configuration, a single point of coordination takes place with the cgi-bin load
balancer. The cgi-bin load balancer is a Perl script that determines the least loaded
forms server. When a client issues a request to download the Forms client applet and
thus initiate a forms session, the cgi-bin load balancer determines the name of the least-
loaded host for the applet to connect to and returns it to the client in an HTML page.
The client can now access the least loaded forms server directly and conduct
transactions with the data server.

Chapter 3 - Page 12
Self-Service Web Applications
Self-Service
Self-Service Web
Web Applications
Applications
Data
Server
HTTP
Listener
PL/SQL Cartridge
(WebDB)
Browser
Servlet Engine
Business Data
The Oracle Self-Service Web Applications are unique in that they do not use Oracle
Forms for the interface. The Self-Service Applications are designed in pure HTML and
JavaScript and operate by direct connection to an HTTP listener running Oracle
WebDB. Logic is controlled through stored procedures that execute through either the
PL/SQL Cartridge or Java servlets. The PL/SQL Cartridge is executed by Web DB 2.5
and its PL/SQL Gateway, while the Java servlets are executed by the Apache JServ
module. WebDB 2.5 and Apache communicate with the database using JDBC (Java
Data Base Connectivity).

Chapter 3 - Page 13
PL/SQL Access with Self-Service Web Applications
PL/SQL
PL/SQL Access
Access with
with Self-Service
Self-Service Web
Web
Applications
Applications
Client
Client Web
Web Server
Server Data
Data Server
Server
Stored
Browser Listener
Procedures
Web
Applications
Dictionary
PL/SQL
Cartridge
Data
When using PL/SQL cartridge access, a Self-Service Application module uses the
following access path:
1 The user clicks the hyperlink of a function from a browser. The browser makes a
URL request to a Web listener. This request references the PL/SQL cartridge.
2 The PL/SQL cartridge runs a stored procedure.
3 These procedures query data from the applications tables and information from
the Web Applications Dictionary to construct the resulting HTML page.
4 The resulting page is passed back through the Web Server to the browser.

Chapter 3 - Page 14
Java Servlet Access with Self-Service Applications
Java
Java Servlet
Servlet Access
Access with
with Self-Service
Self-Service
Applications
Applications
Client
Client Web
Web Server
Server Data
Data Server
Server
Browser Listener
Web
Applications
Dictionary
Servlet
Engine Data
JSP
When using a Java Server Page, the Self-Service module uses the following access
path:
1 The user makes a URL request from the browser
2 The listener contacts the Servlet engine where it is running a Java Server Page.
3 The server page obtains the data from the applications table and uses information
from the Web Applications Dictionary to construct the HTML page.
4 The resulting page is passed back to the browser.

Chapter 3 - Page 15
Concurrent Processing Server
Concurrent
Concurrent Processing
Processing Server
Server
Web
Server
Data
Server
Forms
Browser Server
Server
Browser
Most interaction with Oracle Applications data is done through Oracle Applications
forms. There are also reporting programs and data updating programs, however, that
periodically need to be run. These programs may contain a very large number of
computations, so to ensure that they do not interfere with interactive operations, they
can be configured to run on a separate machine called the concurrent processing server.
Processes that run on the concurrent processing server are called concurrent programs,
and operate in the background while users continue to work on other tasks. You submit
a request to run concurrent programs through Oracle Applications forms. This inserts a
row into a database table specifying the program to be run. A monitoring process reads
the table and assigns the request to one of several concurrent managers running on one
or more concurrent processing servers. The concurrent manager then runs the program
generating log and output files on the concurrent processing server.

Chapter 3 - Page 16
Accessing Concurrent Processing Output
Accessing
Accessing Concurrent
Processing Output
Output
HTTP Forms
Server
Report
Page Report File Data
Browser
Server
Web Review Agent
Concurrent
Processing Net8
Browser Server
The Concurrent Processing Server communicates with the Data Server using Net8. The
results of a concurrent report are passed back to the Web Review Agent. The Web
Review Agent passes a file containing the entire report to the Forms Server. The Forms
Server passes the report back to the user’s browser a page at time. You can use system
settings to control the size of the files and pages passed through the system.

Chapter 3 - Page 17
Reports Server
Reports
Reports Server
Server
Web
Server
Forms
Server
Browser
Server
Reports Data
Server Server
Admin
Browser Server
The Reports Server resides on the middle tier with the Concurrent Processing Server.
The Reports Server is used to produce reports for business intelligence products. This
server is automatically installed on the same node as the Concurrent Processing Server,
and its reports are contained in the same directory with regular concurrent processing
reports. However, reports generated by the Reports Server are monitored and
administered separately from concurrent reports.

Chapter 3 - Page 18
Administration Server
Administration
Administration Server
Server
Oracle
Applications
Database
Oracle Applications
File System
The administration server is the machine from which you maintain the data in your
Oracle Applications database. You carry out the following operations from this server:
Installing and upgrading the database
This process is conducted only when you are installing a new release, or are upgrading
to a new minor or major release. You use the Rapid Install to install Oracle
Applications and AutoUpgrade for upgrades.
Applying database updates
Most bug fixes consist of new files and scripts that update database objects. You use
the AutoPatch program, adpatch, to update software on the database and the application
tier servers. AutoPatch may also be used to apply cumulative patches to perform
product upgrades.
Maintaining the Applications data
Some features such as multi-lingual support and Multiple Reporting Currencies require
regular maintenance to ensure updates are propagated to the additional schemas used
by these features. The AD Administration program (adadmin) allows you to do this and
other file system and database maintenance tasks.

Chapter 3 - Page 19
Database Tier
Database
Database Tier
Tier
Database
Web
Server
Forms
Server
Browser

Server
Applet Data
Reports Server
Server
Admin
Server
Browser
The database tier holds all the data stored and maintained by the Oracle Applications
system. It also contains some processing code that is stored in the database to optimize
performance. In Release 11i the database also includes the Oracle Applications help
files.
More specifically, the database tier contains Oracle8i Server files and an Oracle
Applications database instance that physically stores the tables, indexes, and other
database objects for your installation.
By definition the data server does not communicate directly with the desktop clients,
but rather with the servers on the application tier that mediate these communications.

Chapter 3 - Page 20
Lesson Summary
Lesson
Lesson Summary
Summary
•• Oracle
Oracle Applications
Release 11i 11i utilizes
utilizes the
the multi-
multi-
tier
tier Internet
Internet Computing
Computing architecture.
architecture.
•• The
The Internet
Internet Computing
architecture reduces
reduces
desktop
desktop administration, improves network
administration, improves network
efficiency,
efficiency, and
and provides
provides easy easy scalability
scalability to to handle
handle
increased
increased demand.
demand.
•• The
The Internet
Internet Computing
architecture is is comprised
comprised
of
of the
the desktop
desktop client
client tier,
tier, the
the application
application tier,tier, and
and
the
the database
database tier.
tier.
•• The
The applications
applications tier
tier is
is comprised
comprised of of five
five servers.
servers.
•• Load
Load balancing
balancing allows
allows clients
clients to
to utilize
utilize the
the least
least
loaded
loaded forms
forms servers.
servers.
This lesson covered the multi-tier architecture used in Oracle Applications Release 11i.
A multi-tier architecture allows processing to be distributed across multiple servers.
Client access is provided in the form of a Java client applet. The client applet is run
using a Java-enabled web browser. Isolating the client software from the application
code itself allows for easier maintenance.

Chapter 3 - Page 21
Practice
Practice
Practice
11 What
What is
is the
the basic
basic architecture
architecture of
of Internet
Internet Computing?
Computing?
22 What is JInitiator?
What is JInitiator?
33 List
List the
the elements
elements that
that reside
reside on
on the
the application
application tier.
tier.
44 What is the purpose for the Administration server?
What is the purpose for the Administration server?
55 What
What isis the
the purpose
purpose of
of the
the Forms
Forms server?
server?
66 Briefly
Briefly explain the process of load balancing.
explain the process of load balancing.
Practice Solutions
1 What is the basic architecture of Internet Computing?
The Internet Computing architecture provides Oracle Applications with
a framework for multi-tier, distributed computing. Processing
capabilities exist on three separate levels: the desktop client tier, the
application tier, and the database tier.
2 What is JInitiator?
JInitiator is Oracle's Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that is implemented
on the desktop client. JInitiator allows Oracle Applications to run under
the most current Java code set and is the preferred method of accessing
3 List the elements that reside on the application tier.
The Web Server, the Forms Server(s), the Concurrent Processing Server,
the Reports Server, and the Administration Server.
4 What is the purpose of the Administration server?
The Oracle Applications Administration server is used to:
– Install and upgrade the database
– Apply database patches
– Maintain applications data

Chapter 3 - Page 22
5 What is the purpose of the Forms server?
–The Forms server hosts the Forms Server engine.
–The Forms server mediates the communication between the client and
the Oracle8i database.
6 Briefly explain the process of load balancing.
Load balancing allows the middle-tier processing to be spread over
multiple Forms servers. In a load-balancing configuration, a single point
of coordination takes place with the cgi-bin load balancer. The cgi-bin
load balancer determines the least loaded forms server. When a client
issues a request to download the Forms client applet and thus initiate a
forms session, the cgi-bin load balancer determines the name of the least-
loaded host for the applet to connect to and returns it to the client in an
HTML page. The client can now access the least loaded forms server
directly and conduct transactions with the data server.

Chapter 3 - Page 23

Chapter 3 - Page 24
Oracle Applications Database
Structure
Chapter 4
Oracle Applications Database Structure

Chapter 4 - Page 1
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications Database
Database Structure
Structure

Chapter 4 - Page 2
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
•• Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications database
database objects
objects
•• Use
Use of
of schemas
schemas within
within Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications
•• Multiple
Multiple Organization
Organization Architecture
Architecture
•• Multiple
Multiple Sets
Sets of
of Books
Books Architecture
Architecture
•• Multiple
Multiple Reporting
Reporting Currencies
Currencies
•• Advanced
Advanced features
features of
of Oracle8i
Oracle8i used
used by
by Oracle
Oracle
Applications
Applications
This lesson describes the components of an Oracle Applications installation that are
stored in the Oracle8i database. It also discusses the schemas used to provide access to
these objects.
• Give examples of Oracle Applications database objects.
• Explain the use of schemas within Oracle Applications.
• Explain how Multiple Organization Architecture is implemented.
• Explain how Multiple Sets of Books Architecture is implemented.
• Explain how Multiple Reporting Currencies are implemented.
• Describe Oracle 8i features used by Oracle Applications.

Chapter 4 - Page 3
Lesson Overview
Lesson
Lesson Overview
Overview
Oracle8i Oracle Applications

Database File System
Business data Processing Programs
Within its multi-tier architecture, Oracle Applications stores its business data in
Oracle8i database tables. Additional database objects such as indexes and views are
also used when processing these tables. Code modules in the form of stored procedures
are contained in the database. Help files are stored in the database in Release 11i.
This lesson discusses:
• The database objects used by Oracle Applications
• Oracle Applications’ use of schemas to control access

Chapter 4 - Page 4
Oracle Applications Database Objects
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Database Objects
Objects
Data Objects Code Objects
Tables Triggers
Views
Packages
Indexes
Synonyms
Sequences
Oracle Applications uses an Oracle8i database to store its database objects. These
objects store both business data as well as some of the code modules. In general, each
application module has its own set of database objects.
These objects can be broadly defined into two categories.
Data objects are used for storing and accessing business data. These objects include
tables, indexes, and sequences.
Code objects are used to process the data. Code objects are stored in the database and
used for optimizing application processing. Code objects include triggers, packages,
synonyms and views.

Chapter 4 - Page 5
Schemas
Schemas
Schemas
APPS INV
Views Tables
Triggers
Synonyms
Indexes
Packages
Sequences
A schema is a named collection of database objects. The schema is the “owner” of its
objects and controls access to the objects. A schema can allow another schema to use
its objects by granting the second schema access.
With Oracle Applications the concept of a database schema is directly tied to the
concept of a database user. That is, a schema in an Oracle database has a one-to-one
relationship with a database user. The database user and the schema have the same
name. The example above shows the database user and the schema on the left as APPS
and on the right as INV (inventory).
Note that the database objects are divided between the product schemas and the APPS
schema. The product schemas contain only their own tables, sequences, and indexes.
All other objects (triggers, views, packages) reside in the APPS schema.

Chapter 4 - Page 6
APPS Schema
APPS
APPS Schema
Schema
APPS Schema
INV Schema
Views
Triggers
GL Schema
Synonyms
Packages
Oracle Applications is tightly integrated. A procedure in one schema may access data
in a second schema and call a function in a third. To accomplish this, the procedure
needs access to all three schemas. However, maintaining the access rights to all three is
time-consuming and error prone. Using the APPS schema solves this problem.
Each product’s schema grants full privileges to the APPS schema. The APPS schema
has synonyms to all base product tables and sequences.

Chapter 4 - Page 7
Oracle Applications Product Schemas
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Product Schemas
Schemas
GL Schema AR Schema
GL_PERIODS AR_DISPUTE_HISTORY
GL_JE_LINES AR_BATCHES_ALL
In general, for each product there is a corresponding schema that stores that product’s
data objects. The default Oracle schema name and password for a product are usually
the same as the product’s short name. For example
Oracle General Ledger objects are in the schema GL
• Oracle Receivables objects are in the schema AR

Chapter 4 - Page 8
Additional Schemas
Additional
Additional Schemas
Schemas
HR APPLSYSPUB APPLSYS
PAY APPS
AOL
PER
AD
The data objects for some products are combined within a single schema. For example,
tables for the Human Resources products (PER, PAY, etc.) are combined under the HR
schema; tables for the Application Technology Layer products (AOL, AD, etc.) are
combined under the APPLSYS schema.
There is an additional schema, APPLSYSPUB, that is used only during the signon
process which does not actually own any database objects.
The APPS_MRC schema is used if you install the Multiple Reporting Currencies
option. (APPS_ refers to the name of your Oracle Applications database).

Chapter 4 - Page 9
Schemas Used During Signon
Schemas
Schemas Used
Used During
During Signon
Signon
APPLSYSPUB
APPS
GL
When you sign on to Oracle Applications, you are connecting to the APPLSYSPUB
schema. APPLSYSPUB is owned by the Application Object Library and it’s function is
to validate the user name and password that you enter.
Once your signon and password have been verified, you can select a responsibility.
You are then connected to the APPS schema.
Once connected to the APPS schema, you can use forms from the APPS schema to
access data in a product schema.

Chapter 4 - Page 10
Multiple Organization Architecture Views
Multiple
Multiple Organization
Organization Architecture
Architecture Views
Views
SO_Headers_All Table
Eastern Region
View
Western Region
View
Org_Id
Column
You can support multiple organizations running any Oracle Applications product with
a single installation. These different organizations can reflect different sets of books,
different business groups, legal entities, operating units or inventory organizations.
Organizations that share the same functional currency, Accounting Flexfield, and
calendar can post to the same set of books.
When you run any Oracle Applications product, you first choose an organization either
implicitly by choosing a responsibility or explicitly in a Choose Organization window.
After you have chosen a particular organization, all forms and reports display
information for that organization only.
This Multiple Organization Architecture is a virtual partitioning solution which secures
information by operating unit using views within the APPS schema. These view
definitions use the values in the Org_Id column to guarantee that only the information
appropriate for that organization is returned to the user.

Chapter 4 - Page 11
Multiple Sets of Books Architecture
Multiple
Multiple Sets of Books
Books Architecture
Architecture
APPS
INV1 AR1 AP1

APPLSYS GL
INV2 AR2 AP2
APPS2
Prior to Release 10.6, partitioning was implemented through what is known as Multiple
Sets of Books architecture (MSOBA). Multiple copies of the subledger products such
as Oracle Receivables were installed, each in a different ORACLE schema (for
instance AR1 and AR2), in order to partition the product’s data by ‘set of books’.
This graphic illustrates a multiple product installation group architecture for two sets of
books. There are two APPS schemas, two INV schemas, two AR schemas and two AP
schemas. The APPLSYS schema, like the GL schema, require only a single
installation.
MSOBA's physical partitioning solution has been replaced by Multi-Org's virtual
partitioning. Multi-Org makes multiple installations of product schemas unnecessary,
simplifying upgrades and patching.
Although new installations of Oracle Applications cannot use MSOBA, Release 11i
will continue to support existing Multiple Sets of Books architecture installations and
in fact will allow additional product installation groups to be added. All MSOBA
installations must be converted to Multi-Org before upgrading to Release 12.

Chapter 4 - Page 12
Multiple Reporting Currencies
Multiple
Multiple Reporting
Reporting Currencies
Currencies
Primary Set of Books Reporting Set of Books

Currency: Currency:
USD BEF
Primary Responsibility Reporting Responsibility
STANDARD Data MRC Data

Group Group
APPS Schema APPS_MRC Schema
The Multiple Reporting Currencies (MRC) feature allows you to report and maintain
accounting records at the transaction level in more than one functional currency. You
do this by defining one or more reporting sets of books in addition to your primary set
of books. In your reporting sets of books, you maintain records in a functional currency
other than your primary functional currency. The data for the reporting set of books is
stored in its own schema having its own tables and views.
MRC is supported for the following products: General Ledger, Assets, Cash
Management, Cost Management, Global Accounting Engine, Payables, Projects,
Purchasing, and Receivables.

Chapter 4 - Page 13
Oracle8i Features Used by Oracle Applications 11i
Oracle8i
Oracle8i Features
Features Used
Used by
by Oracle
Oracle
Applications
Applications 11i
11i
•• Advanced
Advanced Queuing
Queuing (Workflow)
(Workflow)
•• Temporary
Temporary tables
tables
•• Index-organized
Index-organized tables
tables
•• Partitioned
Partitioned tables
tables (Concurrent
(Concurrent Manager)
Manager)
•• Materialized
Materialized views
views
•• Invoker’s
Invoker’s Rights
Rights
The Oracle 8i features listed above are briefly described on subsequent slides. For
detailed information regarding these features, see the Oracle 8i documentation.

Chapter 4 - Page 14
Advanced Queuing
Advanced
Advanced Queuing
Advanced
Queuing Invoker’s
Rights
Temporary Materialized
Tables Views
Index-organized
Partitioned
Tables Tables
Oracle Advanced Queuing (Oracle AQ) integrates a message queuing system with the
Oracle database. This allows you to store messages into queues for deferred retrieval
and processing by the Oracle server.
Benefits of Advanced Queuing
Oracle Workflow utilizes Advanced Queuing to provide multi-protocol/platform
support for implementation in heterogeneous environments. This allows Workflow to
enable cross application integration throughout an organization while maintaining
reliable and scalable performance.
Advanced Queuing also allows Workflow to operate outside of the database and across
servers. This enables users to create Application or Master Workflows that control and
manage the flow of data and decisions across different servers and applications.

Chapter 4 - Page 15
Temporary Tables
Temporary
Temporary Tables
Tables
Advanced
Queuing Invoker’s
Rights
Tables Views
Index-organized
Partitioned
Tables Tables
A temporary table is a table with session-specific or transaction-specific data. It is

empty when the session or transaction begins, and the data discarded at the end of the
session or transaction. Temporary tables are useful for saving intermediate results that
can be joined back into another table.
Benefits of Temporary Tables
In past applications releases, a new table was created to store this intermediate data and
the table dropped when the transaction was complete. With temporary tables, this
creating and dropping of tables is no longer necessary, thus improving performance of
upgrades and other data transactions.

Chapter 4 - Page 16
Index-Organized Tables
Index-Organized
Index-Organized Tables
Advanced
Queuing Invoker’s
Rights
Tables Views
Index-organized
Partitioned
Tables Tables
An index-organized table differs from an ordinary table in that the data for the table is
held in its associated index. Changes to the table data, such as adding new rows,
updating rows, or deleting rows, result in updating the index.
Benefits of Index-Organized Tables
Because data rows are stored in the index, index-organized tables provide faster key-
based access to table data for queries that involve exact match or range search or both.
The storage requirements are reduced because key columns are not duplicated as they
are in an ordinary table and its index.

Chapter 4 - Page 17
Partitioned Tables
Partitioned
Partitioned Tables
Tables
Advanced
Queuing Invoker’s
Rights
Tables Views
Index-organized
Partitioned
Tables Tables
Partitioned tables allow your data to be broken down into smaller, more manageable
pieces called partitions, or even subpartitions. Partitioned tables are customizable to the
specific needs of individual customers.
Benefits of Partitioned Tables
Each partition can be managed individually, and can operate independently of the other
partitions, thus providing a structure that can be better tuned for availability and
performance.

Chapter 4 - Page 18
Materialized Views
Materialized
Materialized Views
Views
Advanced
Queuing Invoker’s
Rights
Tables Views
Index-organized
Partitioned
Tables Tables
Materialized views are schema objects that can be used to summarize, precompute,
replicate, and distribute data. They are suitable in various computing environments
such as data warehousing, decision support, and distributed or mobile computing.
Benefits of Materialized Views
Cost-based optimization can make use of materialized views to improve query
performance by automatically recognizing when a materialized view can and should be
used to satisfy a request. The optimizer transparently rewrites the request to use the
materialized view. Queries are then directed to the materialized view and not to the
underlying detail tables or views.
In distributed environments, materialized views are used to replicate data at distributed
sites and synchronize updates done at several sites with conflict resolution methods.
The materialized views as replicas provide local access to data which otherwise would
have to be accessed from remote sites.

Chapter 4 - Page 19
Invoker’s Rights
Invoker’s
Invoker’s Rights
Rights
Advanced
Queuing Invoker’s
Rights
Tables Views
Index-organized
Partitioned
Tables Tables
The invoker-rights model, introduced in this release, allows programs to be executed

with the privileges of the calling user. Prior releases used a definer-rights model
wherein programs execute with the privileges of the creating user. An invoker-rights
procedure executes with all of the invoker's privileges. Roles are enabled unless the
invoker-rights procedure was called directly or indirectly by a definer-rights procedure.
Benefits of Invoker’s Rights
Invoker’s Rights eliminates the need to duplicate packages in other APPS schemas (e.g.
APPS_MRC, APPS2, APPS3,...). Therefore, maintenance of Multiple Reporting
Currencies (MRC) and Multiple Set of Books Architecture (MSOBA) is much quicker,
less complicated, and less expensive.

Chapter 4 - Page 20
Lesson Summary
Lesson
Lesson Summary
Summary
•• Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications uses
uses an
an Oracle8i
Oracle8i database
database to
to
store
store and
and process
process business
business data.
data.
•• Schemas
Schemas areare groups
groups ofof database
database objects
objects and
and are
are
used to control access to those objects.
used to control access to those objects.
•• Each
Each product
product has
has its
its own
own schema
schema that
that contains
contains its
its
tables
tables and
and indexes
indexes ..
•• The
The APPS
APPS schema
schema hashas access
access toto all
all the
the product
product
schemas
schemas andand also
also contains
contains thethe database
database objects
objects
used for processing.
used for processing.
•• Oracle
Oracle Applications
Release 11i
11i uses
uses many
many of
of the
the
advanced
advanced features
features of
of Oracle8i.
Oracle8i.

Chapter 4 - Page 21
Practice
Practice
Practice
11 There
There are
are two
two categories
categories of
of database
database objects.
objects. Name
Name them
them and
and
an
an example
example of of each.
each.
22 Define
Define “schema.”
“schema.”
33 What
What is
is the
the difference
difference between
between thethe APPS
APPS schema
schema and
and the
the
APPLSYS
APPLSYS schema?
schema?
44 What
What benefit
benefit does
does using
using the
the APPS
APPS schema
schema provide?
provide?
55 How
How does Oracle Applications use views to implement
does Oracle Applications use views to implement Multi-
Multi-
Org
Org processing?
processing?
66 What
What are
are the
the benefits
benefits of
of MRC?
MRC?
77 Oracle
Oracle Applications
Release 11i
11i utilizes
utilizes several
several Oracle
Oracle 8i
8i
features,
features, name
name two.
two.
Practice Solutions
1 There are two categories of database objects. Name them and an example of
each.
Data objects are used for storing and accessing business data and include
tables, indexes, and sequences. Code objects are used to process the data
and include triggers, packages, synonyms and views.
2 Define “schema.”
A named collection of database objects.
3 What is the difference between the APPS schema and the APPLSYS schema?
The APPLSYS schema owns the Application Object Library (AOL)
database objects. The APPS schema is a general purpose schema with
access to all product schema objects.
4 What benefit does using the APPS schema provide?
All product schemas grant access to APPS. This simplifies the access
requirements needed to allow product dependency processing.
5 How does Oracle Applications use views to implement MultiOrg processing?
Each different organization uses a different view to access and display the
information appropriate to its organization. The values stored in a
column called the Organization_ID Column are used to distinguish
between views.

Chapter 4 - Page 22
6 What are the benefits of MRC?
The Multiple Reporting Currencies (MRC) feature allows you to report
and maintain accounting records at the transaction level in more than
one functional currency.
7 Oracle Applications Release 11i utilizes several Oracle 8i features, name two.
–Advanced Queuing
–Temporary tables
–Index-organized tables
–Partitioned tables
–Materialized views
–Invoker’s Rights

Chapter 4 - Page 23

Chapter 4 - Page 24
Oracle Applications File
System
Chapter 5
Oracle Applications File System

Chapter 5 - Page 1
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications File
File System
System

Chapter 5 - Page 2
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
•• The
The APPL_TOP
APPL_TOP directory
directory
•• A
A typical
typical product
product directory
directory
•• The
The APPL_TOP/ad
APPL_TOP/ad directory
directory
•• The
The APPL_TOP/au
APPL_TOP/au directory
directory
•• The
The APPL_TOP/admin
APPL_TOP/admin directory
directory
This lesson describes the file system used to store the files belonging to Oracle
Applications, the technology stack components, and the Oracle Applications database.
• Explain the importance of the APPL_TOP directory.
• Describe the contents of a typical product directory.
• Describe the contents of the $APPL_TOP/ad directory.
• Describe the contents of the $APPL_TOP/au directory
• Describe the contents of the $APPL_TOP/admin directory.

Chapter 5 - Page 3
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
•• The
The Common
Common Components
Components directory
directory
•• The
The Technology
Technology Stack
Stack directory
directory
•• The
The Oracle
Oracle Database
Database Files
Files directory
directory
•• The
The Oracle
Oracle Enterprise
Enterprise Manager
Manager directory
directory
•• Java
Java and
and HTML
HTML files
files used
used by
by Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications
•• File
File types
types in
in the
the file
file system
system
• Describe the contents of the Common Components directory

• Describe the contents of the Technology Stack directory
• Describe the contents of the Oracle Database Files directory
• Explain the purpose for the Oracle Enterprise Manager directory
• Locate Java and HTML files used by Oracle Applications
• Define some of the types of files in the file system

Chapter 5 - Page 4
Lesson Overview
Lesson
Lesson Overview
Overview
< env name>APPL < env name >ORA OEMAgent

< env name >COMN < env name >DATA
(to Product (to Log/Out (to Oracle8i (to Oracle (to Oracle
Directories) and Java Files) and Tools Applications Enterprise
Files) Database) Manager
Agent)
This lesson is important because Oracle Applications 11i Environment uses

components from many other Oracle products. It stores these product files within
several different file systems. This lesson provides you with an understanding of the
Oracle Applications Environment file systems.

Chapter 5 - Page 5
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications File
File System
System
<env name>APPL/115
< db name>.
name>.env
env admin au fnd inv
11.5.0 11.5.0 11.5.0 11.5.0
Administrative Files Product Files
The Oracle Applications file system contains the product files for Oracle Applications
itself. The Oracle Applications file system contains:
The Oracle applications environment file (default name is <db name>.env, where db
name is the name of the database).
• A directory for each of the products, licensed or not, that have been installed
under the <env name>APPL/115, or APPL_TOP directory. (Note: This is a
major change in Release 11i. All products, regardless of their license status, are
installed into the database AND the file system.) Product directories use the
standard product abbreviations.
• Additional directories for administration and maintenance

Chapter 5 - Page 6
APPL_TOP Directory
APPL_TOP
APPL_TOP Directory
Directory
<env name>APPL/115
< db name >.env

>.env admin au fnd inv
11.5.0 11.5.0 11.5.0 11.5.0
APPL_TOP= <env
< env name>APPL/115
The top level directory path is defined in an environment variable APPL_TOP.

For both an installation and upgrade of Oracle Applications, Rapid Install creates the
new APPL_TOP, or top Applications directory and defaults the APPL_TOP directory
value to <db name>APPL.
This variable is used in subsequent directory definitions, and is also used as a term to
refer to a particular Oracle Applications file system.
Technical note:
The <db name>.env file is a very important file containing parameters defining the
Oracle Applications environment. Typically, Rapid Install creates the <db name>.env
file during the installation. Many of the parameters located in the <db name>.env file
define important directories within the Oracle Applications file structure. For example,
the APPL_TOP directory is identified in the environment parameter APPL_TOP.
Additional parameters point to product top directories. These and other parameters are
discussed during this lesson.

Chapter 5 - Page 7
Oracle Applications Product Directories
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Product Directories
Directories
<env name>APPL/115
< db name >.env

>.env admin au fnd inv
11.5.0 11.5.0 11.5.0 11.5.0
Each product has its own subdirectory. Since products can exist at different version
levels, the version is typically reflected in the subdirectory name. Keep in mind that
multiple releases and product versions cannot exist in a single APPL_TOP directory.
The product subdirectory name is defined in an environment variable <PROD>_TOP,
where < PROD> is the product short name.
For example, the slide shows three product directories. The paths to these directories
would be defined in the following declarations in the <db name>.env file:
AU_TOP=APPL_TOP/au/11.5.0
FND_TOP =APPL_TOP/fnd/11.5.0
INV_TOP=APPL_TOP/inv/11.5.0

Chapter 5 - Page 8
Distributing Files Across Multiple Disks
Distributing
Distributing Files Across Multiple
Multiple Disks
/d01/appl
/d01/appl/115
/115 /d02/appl
/d02/appl/115
/115
< db name>.
name>.env
env gl ap
$APPL_TOP = /d01/appl
/d01/appl/115
/115
$GL_TOP = /d01/appl
/d01/appl/115/
/115/gl
gl/11.5
/11.5 11.5 115
$OE_TOP = /d02/appl
/d02/appl/115/
/115/oe
oe/11.5
/11.5
Oracle Applications files require a significant amount of space. All files may not fit on
a single disk. You can distribute product directories across several disks if space is a
problem.
When you install Oracle Applications, you can choose to put products’ files on disks
other than the main disk. Rapid Install’s multi-node install provides this option. If a
product’s directory is not located on the same disk, define the full path to the directory
in the <PROD>_TOP parameter in the <db name>.env file.
Technical note 1:
The ad, au, fnd, and admin directories must reside on the same disk containing the
directory identified by the APPL_TOP parameter.
Also note the lack of a period for Java compatibility in the example APPL_TOP value.
Technical note 2:
Use Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) compliant mount point designations. OFA is
a set of file naming and placement guidelines for Oracle software and databases. OFA
helps users avoid problems by optimizing Oracle’s relationship with its host operating
system. One OFA rule is to name mount points using the format /x..xn..n, where x..x is
a character string and n..n is a number (use zeros to pad fixed length numbers). The
slide shows examples of this naming convention. See the Oracle8i Administrator's
Guide for detailed information on Optimal Flexible Architecture.

Chapter 5 - Page 9
Product Directories
Product
Product Directories
Directories
<PROD>_TOP
admin help java media patch resource
bin html lib mesg plsql sql

forms include log out reports
The product directory contains many subdirectories that group the different files for
that product. A typical product directory will have the subdirectories shown, however,
there may be differences based upon configuration. These subdirectories are explained
on the following pages.

Chapter 5 - Page 10
Admin Directory
Admin
Admin Directory
Directory
<PROD>_TOP
driver import odf sql
The admin subdirectory contains files used by AutoUpgrade to upgrade products to the
current release.
The admin subdirectory has several subdirectories of its own:
driver: the upgrade driver files (.drv). The upgrade process is divided into several
phases. Phase driver files specify processing by phase. Example files: glseq.drv creates
sequences for the General Ledger (GL) product during the sequence phase; glfile.drv,
lists the GL files needed to run the application, gldep.drv, specifies dependencies
between GL and other products so that upgrade jobs between products are processed in
the correct order.
import: the import files used to upgrade seed data.
odf: the object description files used to create tables and other database objects.
sql: the SQL scripts and PL/SQL scripts used to upgrade data.

Chapter 5 - Page 11
Bin Directory
Bin
Bin Directory
Directory
< PROD >_TOP
The concurrent programs, other C language programs and shell scripts for each product
are stored in its respective bin directory. Of particular importance to Oracle
Applications are the FND_TOP/bin and AD_TOP/bin directories. Some of the
programs you will find here include:
f60webmx: the applications form processor (in FND_TOP/bin)
FNDLIBR: the concurrent manager (in FND_TOP/bin)
startmgr: a Unix shell script to start the concurrent manager (in FND_TOP/bin)
fdfcmp: the flexfield compiler (in FND_TOP/bin)
FNDMDGEN: a message file generator (in FND_TOP/bin)
adadmin: the AD Administration utility (in AD_TOP/bin)
adpatch: the AutoPatch utility (in AD_TOP/bin)

Chapter 5 - Page 12
Forms Directory
Forms
Forms Directory
Directory
< PROD >_TOP
US
The forms directory contains Oracle Forms files. Oracle Forms may be portable source
files (.fmb files) or generated runtime files (.fmx files). The installation utility
generates form files by converting the .fmb source file to .fmx runtime files. The source
files are stored in AU_TOP/forms so generation of runtime files can be done more
easily.
A subdirectory exists for the language(s) installed. This subdirectory is named
according to the language, e.g., /US for American English forms, /D for German forms,
/F for French forms. Using forms in other languages is covered in the lesson on
Languages and Localizations.

Chapter 5 - Page 13
Help Directory
Help
Help Directory
Directory
< PROD >_TOP
US
The help directory contains the online help source files. These files are imported into
the database during an install or an upgrade to optimize the performance of online help.
Under the help directory, there is a language directory to store the help files for each
language in which your are running Oracle Applications.

Chapter 5 - Page 14
HTML Directory
HTML
HTML Directory
Directory
< PROD >_TOP
The html subdirectory contains HTML, Javascripts, and Java Server Page files used by
various products. These files are used primarily by products that have a Self-Service
interface. The Javascripts (.js) and Java Server Page (.jsp) files are kept in the main
directory. HTML files are kept in subdirectories by language.

Chapter 5 - Page 15
Include Directory
Include
Include Directory
Directory
< PROD >_TOP
The include directory contains header (.h) files. These files may be required by the files
contained in the lib directory for the relinking process.
Note that not all products have an include directory.

Chapter 5 - Page 16
Java Directory
Java
Java Directory
Directory
< PROD >_TOP
admin media
help lib resource
bin patch
html log mesg
forms sql
include plsql
out
java reports
make jar
*.jar
This directory is used to initially store Java files. During the installation or the upgrade,
the files are copied to the directories identified in the JAVA_TOP environment variable
(these directories are defined in the environment file you create during the installation
process). This is done to optimize processing.
For each product that uses Java, there will be one or more Java ARchive (JAR) files
under the jar directory. There will also be a product specific .dep file under the make
directory that specifies the dependencies between this product and other products using
Java.

Chapter 5 - Page 17
Lib Directory
Lib
Lib Directory
Directory
< PROD >_TOP
bin html mesg plsql

lib sql
At some time, you may need to relink Applications programs, for example if you
upgrade the Oracle8i server.
The lib subdirectory contains files pertinent to the process of relinking Applications
programs:
object files: (.o files), one for each C program to relink.
a library file: (.a file) the compiled C code common to that product’s programs.
a makefile: (.mk file) specifying how to relink the .o files with the .a file to create the
newly linked C programs.
For example, the $GL_TOP/lib directory contains:
• glpmai.o (object module for the GLPPOS program)
• glcmai.o (object module for the GLCCON program)
• other .o files
• libgl.a the gl library file
• gl.mk the makefile for all gl programs

Chapter 5 - Page 18
Log and Out Directories
Log
Log and
and Out
Out Directories
Directories
< PROD >_TOP
When the concurrent managers run Oracle Applications reports or data update
programs, they write output files as well as diagnostic log files and temporary files, to
directories defined during the installation process. There are two methods for storing
log and output files: 1) in each product’s log and out directories, which is the default or
2) a common log and output subdirectory.
The log directory holds concurrent log files from each concurrent request as well as the
concurrent manager log files.
The out directory holds the concurrent report output files.
The default locations for these two files are <PROD>_TOP/log and
<PROD>_TOP/out, but you can change the default directory and the default file names
by changing the APPLLOG and APPLOUT environment variables in the <db
name>.env file.
You can consolidate all product log and out files into one directory by defining the
APPLCSF environment variable in the <db name>.env. This parameter identifies a
directory to hold all log and output files.

Chapter 5 - Page 19
Media Directory
Media
Media Directory
Directory
< PROD >_TOP
admin help java patch resource

media
The Applications Forms client applets display text and graphics in the form of .gif files.
The media directory contains all product specific .gif files.

Chapter 5 - Page 20
Mesg Directory
Mesg
Mesg Directory
Directory
< PROD >_TOP
lib
bin html plsql
log out sql
forms include mesg reports
US.msg
US.msg
Applications forms display messages at the bottom of the screen and in pop-up boxes.
Applications concurrent programs also print messages in their log and output files.
These messages can be translated into different languages and are stored in message
files separate from the forms and programs. Each product’s mesg directory contains
one or more files for the language-specific messages that the product uses:
• .msb files contain the binary messages used at runtime.
• a standard American English install will contain a US.msb file.
• an equivalent German message file will be titled D.msb.

Chapter 5 - Page 21
Patch Directory
Patch
Patch Directory
Directory
< PROD >_TOP
admin help java media out plsql resource

reports
lib mesg
bin html patch
log sql
forms include 115
driver sql odf import
Any updates to Oracle Applications data or data model use a directory named patch to
store the patch files. Patch files are grouped by release within the following
subdirectories:
• driver: contains the driver files (.drv). Phase driver files specify processing by
phase.
• sql: contains sql (.sql) and PL/SQL (.pls) scripts used to update the database.
• odf: contains object description files (.odf) to update the data model.
• import: contains lct and slt files to update the seed data.

Chapter 5 - Page 22
PL/SQL and Resource Directories
PL/SQL
PL/SQL and
and Resource
Resource Directories
Directories
< PROD >_TOP
These directories are used for unloading PL/SQL libraries used by Applications reports
and forms.
• The files in the plsql subdirectory (.pll files) are used by Oracle Reports.
• The files in the resource subdirectory (.pll and .plx files) are used by Oracle
Forms.
After these files are unloaded, they are moved to equivalent subdirectories under the
AU_TOP directory.
Note that not all products have PL/SQL libraries.

Chapter 5 - Page 23
Reports Directory
Reports
Reports Directory
Directory
< PROD >_TOP

US
This directory contains the report files for this product. For each report there is a
portable binary .rdf file. The AD Administration utility can regenerate these reports by
converting them to their source format (.rex files) and then back to binary format. This
is usually recommended so the PL/SQL is optimally compiled for the platform.
Reports for non-English languages are stored in their own language-specific directory
under the reports directory.

Chapter 5 - Page 24
Sql Directory
Sql
Sql Directory
Directory
< PROD >_TOP
There are many SQL*Plus scripts used by Oracle Applications for concurrent
processing. These scripts typically produce reports or perform concurrent processing.
These scripts are stored as .sql files in this subdirectory.

Chapter 5 - Page 25
AD Directory
AD
AD Directory
Directory
< env name >APPL/115
< db name>.
name>.env
env admin au ad
11.5.0
admin bin lib
AD stands for Applications DBA. The Applications DBA is a set of tools for installing,
upgrading, and administering the Oracle Applications environment. The ad directory
contains utilities such as AutoUpgrade, AutoPatch (adpatch) and the AD
Administration (adadmin) utility. See 5-10, 5-11, and 5-17 for the contents of the
admin, bin, and lib directories.

Chapter 5 - Page 26
AU Directory
AU
AU Directory
Directory
< env name >APPL/115
< db name>.
name>.env
env admin au ad
11.5.0
admin forms plsql resource java reports
AU stands for Application Utilities. The AU_TOP directory contains product files that
are consolidated in a single location for optimal processing. These files include:
PL/SQL libraries used by Oracle Reports. These are also stored in the products’ plsql
subdirectories.
• PL/SQL libraries used by Oracle Forms. These are also stored in the products’
resource subdirectories.
• Oracle Forms source files. These are also stored in the products’ forms
subdirectories.
• A copy of all Java files used by JInitiator when regenerating the desktop client
jar files. The public copy of all Java files are stored in JAVA_TOP.

Chapter 5 - Page 27
Admin Directory
Admin
Admin Directory
Directory
admin
adovars.env
adovars. preupg restart
adconfig..txt
adconfig log < db name>.
name>.env
env
out
adsetenv
log out restart
applprod..txt
applprod
applora..txt
applora
. adrelink
The APPL_TOP/admin directory contains files and scripts used by the AutoUpgrade
utility during the upgrade process. These include:
• a custom environment file defining certain file locations (adovars.env)
• scripts run during the upgrade
• text files read by AutoUpgrade
• a preupg directory containing product-specific pre-upgrade scripts
• log and out directories for upgrade log and output files
• a restart directory where AD programs create restart files
Most AD programs put their log, out and restart files in a separate <db name>
subdirectory. The value for <db name> comes from the TWO_TASK or
ORACLE_SID parameters. The upgrade, patch and administration utilities obtain this
value and store their log, out and restart files in the <db name> subdirectory.
Some programs when run from the command line, cannot access the <db name> value
and therefore store their log, out, and restart files in the log, out and restart directories
directly under the APPL_TOP/admin directory.

Chapter 5 - Page 28
Admin Directory Text Files
Admin
Admin Directory
Directory Text
Text Files
Files
admin
adconfig .txt
adconfig. preupg restart
log < db name>.
name>.env
env
adlinkbk..txt
adlinkbk
applcust .txt
applcust. out
applprod..txt
applprod
applora..txt
applora
applterr..txt
applterr
log out restart
adrelink
There are many text files stored under the admin directory. These files are used by
many different utilities. Some of the files include:
• adconfig.txt: environmental configuration variable values
• adlinkbk.txt: files adrelink should backup rather than delete
• applcust.txt: registered customizations
• applora.txt: minimum or required settings for database initialization parameters
• applprod.txt: products available in this release
• applterr.txt: territory description for Localizations

Chapter 5 - Page 29
Common Components Directory
Common
Common Components
Components Directory
< env name>COMMON
xml jdbc java out log html admin* util
oracle apps.zip
Apache JRE118
*.zip
apps US WebTools
mrp gl fnd icx *contains

(unzipped into) Rapid
jar jar jar html Install
scripts
fndewt.jar
fndewt.jar icxcabo.zip
icxcabo .zip
fndswing.jar
fndswing .jar
The <env name>COMMON directory contains directories and files that are used across
products or are used in conjunction with other third-party products. <env name>
denotes the name of the applications environment. The environment name is defined by
the system administrator during the initial run of an AD utility.
This directory also contains the consolidated log and output directories used by
concurrent processing.
Unlike previous releases, Release 11i supports the placement of the java directory
(JAVA_TOP) and the HTML directory (OAH_TOP) anywhere in your file system.

Chapter 5 - Page 30
Copying Java Files: Product Files
Copying
Copying Java
Java Files:
Files: Product
Product Files
Files
< env name>APPL/115 < env name>COMMON
java
gl ar
11.5.0 11.5.0 oracle
apps
java java
ar gl
make jar make jar
jar jar
*.jar arjar..dep
arjar *.jar
gljar.. dep
gljar
Oracle Applications Release 11i makes extensive use of Java.

Many Oracle Applications products use Java on the front end for forms and on the back
end for data processing.
Java files are installed into Oracle Applications product directories and then copied to
directories under the Common Components directory to facilitate processing.

Chapter 5 - Page 31
Copying Java Files: apps.zip
Copying
Copying Java
Java Files:
Files: apps.zip
apps.zip
< env name>APPL/115 < env name>COMMON
java
au
11.5.0 apps.zip jdbc xml oracle
apps
java
fa gl
apps.zip
jar jar
Apps.zip is a patchable archive of all Java class files required by Oracle Applications.
Individual Java class files are never present on the file system. Apps.zip is located in
AU_TOP/java and a public copy is stored under JAVA_TOP. The public copy is the
one utilized in a web server environment, as the web server can see the JAVA_TOP
stored apps.zip but, for security reasons, cannot access the APPL_TOP apps.zip
directly.

Chapter 5 - Page 32
Technology Stack Directory
Technology
Technology Stack
Stack Directory
Directory
<env name>ORA
8.0 8.1 8.1Web
forms60 bin lib

(WebDB 2.2 bin lib bin lib
java Listener) (Oracle8i) (WebDB
2.5)
reports60 graphics60
To take advantage of the technology stack components’ latest features, there are
multiple ORACLE_HOME directories under the Technology Stack directory. This
slide shows which technology stack components are located in each directory.

Chapter 5 - Page 33
Oracle Applications Database Files Directory
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Database Files
Files
Directory
Directory
Disk 1
cntrl01
log01a
log02a
Disk 2 rbs01 Disk 3
cntrl02
cntrl03
log01b Disk 4
log02b product
system01 temp01 data
ctxd01
product
index
The <env name>DATA file system contains the .dbf files that comprise the Oracle
Applications database itself. The Rapid Install utility installs all the system, data, and
index files across four disks. You can specify mount points and directory names during
the installation. Oracle Applications Release 11i uses an Oracle8i data server.

Chapter 5 - Page 34
Oracle Enterprise Manager Directory
Oracle
Oracle Enterprise
Enterprise Manager
Manager Directory
Directory
OEMAgent
Oracle
Enterprise
Manager
Agent*
(8.1 ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_HOME)) *only one install
per machine
In Release 11i, Oracle Applications uses the Oracle Enterprise Manager and Oracle
Applications Management Pack to perform many system administration and
monitoring tasks. The product files for Oracle Enterprise Manager are installed under
the OEMAgent file system. If you choose to perform a multi-node install using Rapid
Install to spread your Oracle Applications environment across multiple machines, you
will need to install Oracle Enterprise Manager on each machine as well.

Chapter 5 - Page 35
File Types
File
File Types
Types
•• DataMerge
DataMerge files
files
•• Forms
Forms files
files
•• Java
Java ARchive
ARchive files
files
•• Log
Log files
files
•• PL/SQL
PL/SQL files
files
•• Reports
Reports files
files
The Oracle Applications file system contains a variety of files. This list describes some
of the types of files you will find in the file system:
Extension Description
.a Library files that contain compiled C code

.c C source files
.ctl DataMerge control file
.dat DataMerge Import/Export parameter file
.dmp Import/Export data export file
.drv Driver files
.env Environment files in UNIX
.exp DataMerge data export file
.fmb Binary forms files
.fmx Executable forms files
.frm Compiled forms files
.h C header files
.jar Java Archive files
.lc C files that are linked into libraries
.log Log files

Chapter 5 - Page 36
Extension Description
.lpc Pro*C files that are linked into libraries

.msb Binary message files
.msg Readable (text) message files
.o Object files used to relink Applications
.odf Object Description Files
.oc Similar to .lc except these contain a main() function
.opc Similar to .lpc except these contain a main() function
.out Output files
.pdf Acrobat files or report output
.plb PL/SQL package bodies
.pll PL/SQL shared libraries
.pls PL/SQL package specifications
.rdf Oracle Reports files (non-executable)
.req Log files from a concurrent request
.rex Oracle Reports executables
.sql SQL*Plus scripts

Chapter 5 - Page 37
Lesson Summary
Lesson
Lesson Summary
Summary
•• Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications uses
uses aa file
file system
system to to store
store its
its
programs.
programs.
•• Each
Each product
product has
has its
its own
own directory
directory structure
structure to
to
store its programs.
store its programs.
•• Additional
Additional subdirectories
subdirectories store
store utilities
utilities and
and
common
common programs
programs and
and libraries.
libraries.
• The APPL_TOP is the top level file system directory.

• Each product subdirectories have the same structure.
• AD_TOP contains tools for installing, upgrading and administering the
Applications environment.
• AU_TOP contains consolidated product files for optimal processing.
• The Common Components directory contains directories and files that are used
across products or are used in conjunction with other third-party products.
• Apps.zip is a patchable archive of all Java class files required by Oracle
Applications.
• The Technology Stack directories contain components of the technology stack.
• The Oracle Database Files directories contain the .dbf files that comprise the
Oracle Applications database itself.
• The Oracle Enterprise Manager directories contain the product files for the
Oracle Enterprise Manager.
• The Oracle Applications file system contains a variety of file types.

Chapter 5 - Page 38
Practice
Practice
Practice
11 What
What isis the
the purpose
purpose of of the
the APPL_TOP
APPL_TOP directory?
directory?
22 What
What isis the
the difference
difference between
between the the APPL_TOP
APPL_TOP directory
directory and,
and,
for
for example,
example, the the GL_TOP
GL_TOP directory?
directory?
33 One
One important
important file file in
in the
the APPL_TOP
APPL_TOP directory
directory is
is the
the <db
<db
name>.env
name>.env file.file. What
What is is its
its purpose?
purpose?
44 What
What isis the
the difference
difference between
between APPL_TOP/admin
APPL_TOP/admin and and
APPL_TOP/GL_TOP/admin?
APPL_TOP/GL_TOP/admin?
55 Java
Java files
files exist
exist inin three
three locations.
locations. Name
Name two.
two.
66 What
What is
is located
located in
in the
the AD
AD directory?
directory?
77 Name
Name two of the text files located in
two of the text files located in the
the APPL_TOP/admin
APPL_TOP/admin
directory.
directory. What
What isis each
each file
file used
used for?
for?
88 What
What is
is apps.zip?
apps.zip?
Practice Solutions
1 What is the purpose of the APPL_TOP directory?
APPL_TOP identifies the top level directory for the Applications
installation. Using the APPL_TOP variable simplifies the definition of
product directories.
2 What is the difference between the APPL_TOP directory and, for example, the
GL_TOP directory?
APPL_TOP is the top-level applications directory. Only General Ledger
product files are stored under GL_TOP. GL_TOP itself is stored under
APPL_TOP.
3 One important file in the APPL_TOP directory is the <db _name>.env file. What
is its purpose?
This file defines the application environment.
4 What is the difference between APPL_TOP/admin and GL_TOP/admin?
The GL_TOP/admin directory contains the product specific files
necessary to upgrade GL. The APPL_TOP/admin directory contains files
used by the upgrade utility (AutoUpgrade).
5 Java files exist in three locations. Name two.
They are stored in the product subdirectory /java, in the JAVA_TOP
directory, and in the AU_TOP/java directory.

Chapter 5 - Page 39
6 What is located in the AD directory?
Administrative and maintenance utilities
7 Name two of the text files located in the APPL_TOP/admin directory. What is
each file used for?
– adconfig.txt: environmental configuration variable values
– adlinkbk.txt: files adrelink should backup rather than delete
– applcust.txt: registered customizations
– applora.txt: minimum or required settings for database initialization
parameters
– applprod.txt: products available in this release
– applterr.txt: territory description for localizations
8 What is apps.zip?
Apps.zip is a patchable archive of all Java class files required by Oracle
Applications.

Chapter 5 - Page 40
Applications Environment
Files
Chapter 6
Applications Environment Files

Chapter 6 - Page 1
Applications
ApplicationsEnvironment
Applications
Applications EnvironmentFiles
Environment
Environment Files
Files
Files
CopyrightOracle
Copyright OracleCorporat
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.

Chapter 6 - Page 2
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
•••• The
TheOracle
The
The OracleApplications
Oracle
Oracle Applicationsenvironment
Applications
Applications environmentfile
environment
environment file
file
file
•••• The
The
The adovars.env
adovars.env
The adovars.env file
file
adovars.env file
file
•••• The
The adconfig.txt
Theadconfig.txt
The file
adconfig.txtfile
adconfig.txt file
file
•••• The
Thefndenv.env
The
The fndenv.envfile
fndenv.env
fndenv.env file
file
file
•••• The
Thedevenv.env
The
The devenv.envfile
devenv.env
devenv.env file
file
file
•••• The
The
The user
Theuser defaults
defaultsfile
userdefaults
user defaults file
file
file
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
Oracle Applications uses the information stored in several files to define your operating
environment. This lesson describes the environment files you use to define and
customize the processing of Oracle Applications.
• Define the Oracle Applications environment files.
• Explain the purpose for the adovars.env file.
• Explain the purpose for the adconfig.txt and the user defaults files.
• Explain the purpose for the fndenv.env and the devenv.env files.

Chapter 6 - Page 3
Lesson Overview
Lesson
LessonOverview
Lesson
Lesson Overview
Overview
Overview
•••• APPL_TOP/<db
APPL_TOP/<dbname>.env
APPL_TOP/<db
APPL_TOP/<db name>.env
name>.env
name>.env
•••• APPL_TOP/admin/adovars.env
APPL_TOP/admin/adovars.env
•••• APPL_TOP/admin/adconfig.txt
APPL_TOP/admin/adconfig.txt
•••• FND_TOP/fndenv.env
FND_TOP/fndenv.env
FND_TOP/fndenv.env
FND_TOP/fndenv.env
•••• FND_TOP/devenv.env
FND_TOP/devenv.env
FND_TOP/devenv.env
FND_TOP/devenv.env
•••• user
userdefaults
user
user defaultsfile
defaults
defaults file
file
file
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
There are several files you define to control the setup and processing of your Oracle
Applications environment. This lesson is important because it explains the Oracle
Applications environment files, the information contained in them, and the
ramifications of the processing options.

Chapter 6 - Page 4
Oracle Applications Environment File
Oracle
OracleApplications
Oracle
Oracle ApplicationsEnvironment
Applications
Applications EnvironmentFile
Environment
Environment File
File
File
<<db
dbname>
name>.
name>..env
name>. env
APPLLOG=
APPLLOG=
APPL_TOP=
APPL_TOP= NLS_LANG=
NLS_LANG=
FND_TOP=
FND_TOP=
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
The Oracle Applications environment file is a script that sets the environment for
running Oracle Applications.
When you install or upgrade Oracle Applications, Rapid Install creates this script in
your APPL_TOP directory. Some of the variables can be changed during the install
process. The file name depends on the platform on which you are running.
On Unix, the default file name is <db name>.env, where <db name> is the name of
your ORACLE_SID or TWO_TASK.
• On Windows NT, the file name information is stored in the Windows Registry.

Chapter 6 - Page 5
Oracle
OracleApplications
Oracle
Applications
Environment
Environment File
File
File
<<db
dbname
name>.
>>.
>.env
.env
APPLFENV=
APPLFENV=
PLATFORM=
PLATFORM= APPL_TOP=
APPL_TOP=
FNDNAM=
FNDNAM= GWYUID=
GWYUID=
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
APPLFENV is the name of this environment file, <db name>.env. If you rename the
environment file, change this parameter.
PLATFORM is the execution platform. The value should match the value in
APPL_TOP/admin/adpltfrm.txt.
APPL_TOP is the top level directory for this Oracle Applications installation.
FNDNAM is the name of the Oracle schema to which the System Administration
responsibility connects. The default is APPS.
GWYUID is the public ORACLE username and password that grants access to the
Oracle Applications initial signon form. The default is APPLSYSPUB/PUB.

Chapter 6 - Page 6
Oracle
OracleApplications
Oracle
Applications
Environment
Environment File
File
File
<<db
dbname
name>.
>>.
>.env
.env
APPLFULL=
APPLFULL= APPLSHAR=
APPLSHAR=
AU_TOP=
AU_TOP= FND_TOP=
FND_TOP=
<PROD>_TOP=
<PROD>_TOP=
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
APPLFULL lists the short names of all applications modules that have been installed.
It is used for relinking programs.
APPLSHAR is the short names of shared products needed for relinking.
FND_TOP is the path to the Application Object Library directory.
AU_TOP is the path to the Application Utilities directory.
<PROD>_TOP is the path to a product’s top directory. There is one for each product.

Chapter 6 - Page 7
Oracle
OracleApplications
Oracle
Applications
Environment
Environment File
File
File
<<db
dbname
name>.
>>.
>.env
.env
PATH=
PATH=
APPLDCP=
APPLDCP= APPCPNAM=
APPCPNAM=
APPLCSF=
APPLCSF=
APPLLOG= APPLOUT=
APPLOUT=
APPLLOG=
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
PATH sets the directory search path, primarily FND_TOP and AD_TOP.
APPLDCP specifies whether distributed concurrent processing is being used.
Distributed concurrent processing distributes processing load across multiple
concurrent processors. The options are “OFF” or “ON”.
APPCPNAM indicates whether the format of the Concurrent Manager log and output
files follow DOS file name conventions (8.3: maximum of 8 characters to the left of the
dot and 3 to the right, e.g. alogfile.log). If this parameter is set to “REQID”, the
concurrent manager will use file names that meet DOS naming requirements.
APPLCSF identifies the top level directory for Concurrent Manager log and output
files if they are consolidated into a single directory across all products. (e.g. if the path
is $APPL_TOP/admin, all log and output files will be placed in a subdirectory under
this defined directory).
APPLLOG the subdirectory for Concurrent Manager log files. The default is “log”.
APPLOUT the subdirectory for Concurrent Manager output files. The default is “out”.

Chapter 6 - Page 8
Oracle
OracleApplications
Oracle
Applications
Environment
Environment File
File
File
<<db
dbname
name>.
>>.
>.env
.env
APPLTMP=
APPLTMP=
APPLPTMP=
APPLPTMP= NLS_LANG=
NLS_LANG=
NLS_DATE_FORMAT=
NLS_DATE_FORMAT=
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTER=
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTER=
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
APPLTMP identifies the directory for Oracle Applications temporary files. The
default is “usr/tmp”.
APPLPTMP identifies the directory for temporary PL/SQL output files. The possible
directory options must be listed in the init.ora parameter "utl_file_dir".
NLS_LANG is the language, territory and character set installed in the database. The
default is "AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1".
NLS_DATE_FORMAT is the National Language Support date format specified. The
default is "DD-MON-RR".
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS is the National Language Support numeric
separators specified. The default is ".,".\

Chapter 6 - Page 9
Oracle
OracleApplications
Oracle
Applications
Environment
Environment File
File
File
<<db
dbname
name>.
>>.
>.env
.env
REPORT60_TMP=
REPORT60_TMP=
REPORTS60_PATH=
REPORTS60_PATH=
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
REPORTS60_TMP is the directory for temporary files used by Oracle Reports.

REPORTS60_PATH specifies the path to the Oracle Reports PL/SQL programs.

Chapter 6 - Page 10
The fndenv.env File
The
Thefndenv.env
The
The fndenv.envFile
fndenv.env
fndenv.env File
File
File
•••• Specifies
Specifiesadditional
Specifies
Specifies additionalvariables
additional
additional variablesused
variables
variables usedby
used
used byOracle
by
by Oracle
Oracle
Oracle
Applications.
Applications.
Applications.
Applications.
•••• Default
Defaultvalues
Default
Default valuesshould
values
values shouldbe
should
should becorrect
be
be correctfor
correct
correct forall
for
for allsites.
all
all sites.
sites.
sites.
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
The fndenv.env file sets additional environment variables used by Oracle Applications
Application Object Library. This file should not be modified; the default values should
be applicable for all customers.

Chapter 6 - Page 11
The devenv.env File
The
Thedevenv.env
The
The devenv.envFile
devenv.env
devenv.env File
File
File
•••• Used
Usedto
Used
Used toidentify
to
to identifyand
identify
identify anddescribe
and
and describethird-party
describe
describe third-partyand
third-party
third-party and
and
and
custom
custom
custom applications
applications
custom applications linked
linked
applications linked with
with
linked with Oracle
Oracle
with Oracle
Oracle
Applications.
Applications.
Applications.
Applications.
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
The devenv.env file sets variables that let you link third-party software and your own
custom-developed applications with Oracle Applications. This script is automatically
called by fndenv.env so that you can compile and link custom Oracle Forms and
Reports user exits and concurrent programs with Oracle Applications.
See the Oracle Applications Developers Guide for detailed information on customizing
the devenv.env file.

Chapter 6 - Page 12
The adovars.env File
The
Theadovars.env
The
The adovars.envFile
adovars.env
adovars.env File
File
File
•••• Sets
Setsenvironment
Sets
Sets environmentvariables
environment
environment variablesfor
variables
variables forother
for
for otherproducts
other
other productslike
products
products like
like
like
Java.
Java.
Java.
Java.
•••• Called
Calledfrom
Called
Called from<db
from
from <dbname>.env
<db
<db name>.envfile
name>.env
name>.env file
file
file
•••• Stores
Storesadditional
Stores
Stores additionalcustom
additional
additional customvariables.
custom
custom variables.
variables.
variables.
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
The adovars.env file specifies the location of files used by the Web server. These
include Java class files, HTML files, and JRE (Java Runtime Environment) files. The
adovars.env file contains:
• JAVA_TOP: variable indicates the top-level directory where all Java class files
will be copied.
• OA_JRE_TOP: variable indicates the location where you have installed JRE.
• OAH_TOP: variable defines the locations to which AutoUpgrade copies HTML
files.
• OAD_TOP: variable defines the locations to which AutoUpgrade copies context-
sensitive documentation files.
• LD_LIBRARY_PATH: variable used on some platforms to list the directories to
be scanned for dynamic library files needed at runtime.
• CLASSPATH: variable lists the directories and zip files to be scanned for Java
class files needed at runtime.
The adovars.env file is self-documenting and provides comments on what each variable
does and how it should be configured. You can manually edit most of the variables in
this file. Any additional custom variables should be stored here so you do not have to
reapply them if you have to recreate your environment.

Chapter 6 - Page 13
The adconfig.txt File
The
Theadconfig.txt
The
The adconfig.txtFile
adconfig.txt
adconfig.txt File
File
File
•••• Stores
StoresApplications
Stores
Stores Applicationsconfiguration
Applications
Applications configurationinformation
configuration
configuration information
information
information
•••• Created
Created
Created during
during
Created during installation
installation
during installation
installation
•••• Used
Used
Used when
Usedwhen running
runningAD
whenrunning
when running ADutilities
AD
AD utilities
utilities
utilities
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
AD utility programs are used to perform a variety of database and file management
tasks. These utilities need to know certain configuration information to run
successfully. This information is specified when Oracle Applications is installed and
subsequently stored in a configuration file. The file is named adconfig.txt and is located
in the $APPL_TOP/admin directory.
Once created, this file is used by other applications utilities during processing.
Note: This is not the same as the configuration file created by Rapid Install. The
adconfig file is created during the creation of the APPL_TOP file system.

Chapter 6 - Page 14
User Defaults File
User
UserDefaults
User
User DefaultsFile
Defaults
Defaults File
File
File
•••• Stores
Storesanswers
Stores
Stores answersto
answers
answers toAD
to
to ADutility
AD
AD utilitypreliminary
utility
utility preliminaryquestions
preliminary
preliminary questions
questions
questions
•••• Streamlines
Streamlines
Streamlines utility
utility
Streamlines utility processing
processing
utility processing
processing
•••• File
File
File name
Filename is
nameis
name user-defined
isuser-defined
is user-defined
user-defined
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
AD utilities solicit system information by asking questions at the beginning of a

session. These questions are standard across many AD utilities. Some of the answers to
these questions are saved in a file. This file is then accessed at the beginning of an AD
utility session to bypass answering the standard questions.
This file name is user defined.

Chapter 6 - Page 15
Lesson Summary
Lesson
LessonSummary
Lesson
Lesson Summary
Summary
Summary
•••• Oracle
OracleApplications
Oracle
Oracle Applicationsstores
Applications
Applications storesimportant
stores
stores importantenvironment
important
important environment
environment
environment
information
information
information in
in
information in several
several
in several files.
files.
several files.
files.
•••• The
TheOracle
The
The OracleApplications
Oracle
Oracle Applicationsenvironment
Applications
Applications environmentfile
environment
environment filecalled
file
file called
called
called
(<db
(<db
(<db name>
(<dbname>
name> .env)
name>.env) defines
.env)defines
.env) defines the
defines the operating
theoperating
the operating
operating
environment.
environment.
environment.
environment.
•••• The
Thefndenv.env
The
The fndenv.envfile,
fndenv.env
fndenv.env file,the
file,
file, thedevenv.env
the
the devenv.envfile,
devenv.env
devenv.env file,and
file,
file, andthe
and
and the
the
the
adovars.env
adovars.env
adovars.env file
file
adovars.env file contain
contain
file contain
contain keykey
key information
information
key information for
information forfor the
the
for the
the
Oracle
OracleApplications
Oracle
Oracle Applicationsenvironment.
Applications
Applications environment.
environment.
environment.
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
Oracle Applications uses several files to define and customize the processing
environment:
• The Oracle Applications environment contains parameters you specify to define
the processing environment. This file is named <db name>.env, where <db
name> is the name of the Oracle Applications database instance.
• The fndenv.env file specifies additional variables used by Oracle Applications.
• The devenv.env file is used to identify and describe third-party and custom
applications linked with Oracle Applications
• The adovars.env file contains parameters you define that are used during the
installation process. This file also contains the locations of important Java and
HTML files used by the Oracle Web Server.
• The adconfig.txt file contains configuration information used by AD utilities.
• The User Defaults file stores answers to AD utility preliminary questions.

Chapter 6 - Page 16
Practice
Practice
Practice
Practice
Practice
1111 Name
Nametwo
Name
Name twovariables
two
two variablesstored
variables
variables storedin
stored
stored inthe
in
in the<db
the
the <dbname>.env
<db
<db name>.envfile.
name>.env
name>.env file.Explain
file.
file. Explain
Explain
Explain
each
each
eachvariable’s
variable’s
variable’s purpose.
purpose.
purpose.
each variable’s purpose.
2222 Which
WhichNLS
Which
Which NLSparameter
NLS
NLS parameterspecifies
parameter
parameter specifiesthe
specifies
specifies thelanguage
the
the languageselected?
language
language selected?
selected?
selected?
3333 What
What
What is
is
is the
the
the purpose
purpose
purpose for
for
forthe
the
the adovars.env
adovars.env
adovars.env
What is the purpose for the adovars.env file?
file?
file?
file?
4444 What
What
What isisthe
Whatis isthe
the name
thename
name of
nameof
the
ofthe
of file
thefile
the where
filewhere
file whereyou
where you specify
youspecify
you information
specifyinformation
specify information
information
about
about
about any
any
about any third-party
third-party
any third-party or
third-party oror custom
custom
or custom applications
applications
custom applications
applications to totouse
to usethem
use
use themwith
them
them with
with
with
Oracle
OracleApplications?
Oracle
Oracle Applications?
Applications?
Applications?
5555 Which
Whichenvironment
Which
Which environmentfile’s
environment
environment file’sdefault
file’s
file’s defaultvalues
default
default valuesshould
values
values shouldnot
should
should notneed
not
not needto
need
need totobe
to be
be
be
modified?
modified?
modified?
modified?
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
Practice Solutions
1 Name two variables stored in the <db name>.env file. Explain each variable’s
purpose.
See pages 6-5 through 6-9 for a discussion of these parameters. Note there
are other parameters not mentioned in the lesson. See the<db name>.env
file for information on on additional parameters.
2 Which NLS parameter specifies the language selected?
NLS_LANG
3 What is the purpose for the adovars.env file?
The adovars.env file specifies the location of files used by the Web server.
4 What is the name of the file where you specify information about any third-party
or custom applications to use them with Oracle Applications.
devenv
5 Which environment file’s default values should not need to be modified?
fndenv

Chapter 6 - Page 17

Chapter 6 - Page 18
Languages and Localizations
Chapter 7

Chapter 7 - Page 1
Languages
Languagesand
Languages
Languages andLocalizations
and
and Localizations
Localizations
Localizations
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.

Chapter 7 - Page 2
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
•••• Alternate
Alternatelanguages
Alternate
Alternate languagesavailable
languages
languages availablewith
available
available withOracle
with
with Oracle
Oracle
Oracle
Applications
Applications
Applications
Applications
•••• The
Theprocess
The
The processof
process
process ofimplementing
of
of implementingOracle
implementing
implementing OracleApplications
Oracle
Oracle Applications
Applications
Applications
in
in
inone
inone
oneor
oneor more
ormore
or non-English
morenon-English
more languages
non-Englishlanguages
non-English languages
languages
•••• Translated
Translatedcomponents
Translated
Translated componentsneeded
components
components neededfor
needed
needed foralternate
for
for alternate
alternate
alternate
language
language
language support
support
support
language support
•••• Additional
Additionalsubdirectories
Additional
Additional subdirectoriesused
subdirectories
subdirectories usedfor
used
used forlocalizations
for
for localizations
localizations
localizations
•••• Database
Database
Database objects
Databaseobjects used
objectsused
objects for
usedfor
used localizations
forlocalizations
for localizations
localizations
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
This lesson describes using additional languages other than American English. It also
covers using localization modules to support processing in European, Latin American,
and Asia/Pacific countries.
• List alternate languages available with Oracle Applications.
• Describe the process of implementing Oracle Applications in one or more non-
English languages.
• List the translated components needed for alternate language support.
• Identify the additional subdirectories used for localizations.
• Identify the database objects used for localizations.

Chapter 7 - Page 3
Lesson Overview
Lesson
LessonOverview
Lesson
Lesson Overview
Overview
Overview
•••• Alternate
Alternatelanguages
Alternate
Alternate languages
languages
languages
•••• File
File
File character
charactersets
character
File character sets
sets
sets
•••• Translated
Translated language
languageitems
Translatedlanguage
Translated language items
items
items
•••• Localizations
Localizations
Localizations
Localizations
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
This lesson describes the language and localizations related components of Oracle
Applications Release 11i. It explains how character sets are used to support the various
languages and also how language and localizations components are stored within the file
system.

Chapter 7 - Page 4
Languages
Languagesand
Languages
Languages andLocalizations
and
and Localizations
Localizations
Localizations
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
For Release 11i thirty language versions are available in addition to the base product
files. Oracle Applications can be run in languages other than American English
(referred to as National Language Support or NLS), or can be run in multiple languages
simultaneously (referred to as Multilingual Support or MLS).
Localizations are additional programs, forms, reports and other application components
that are required for processing in a particular country or region. These application
components are also provided in addition to the base product files.

Chapter 7 - Page 5
Oracle Applications Alternate Languages
Oracle
OracleApplications
Oracle
Oracle ApplicationsAlternate
Applications
Applications AlternateLanguages
Alternate
Alternate Languages
Languages
Languages
Language
Language Directory
Directory Code
Code
French
French FF
German
German DD
Italian
Italian IT
IT
Swedish
Swedish SS
Russian
Russian RU
RU
Arabic
Arabic AR
AR
Korean
Korean KO
KO
Japanese
Japanese JA
JA
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
The list above is a small representation of the languages available for Release 11i. Each
language has a short name, or directory code, which is used as a directory heading for
the directory where language specific files are placed.
For a comprehensive list of languages supported in Release 11i, see the Installing
Oracle Applications manual.

Chapter 7 - Page 6
File Character Set
File
FileCharacter
File
File CharacterSet
Character
Character Set
Set
Set
US7ASCII == US
US7-bit
7-bitASCII
ASCII
US7ASCII
WE8ISO8859P1
WE8ISO8859P1 == Western
Western European8-bit
European 8-bit
EE8ISO8859P2
EE8ISO8859P2 == Eastern
EasternEuropean
European8-bit
8-bit
AR8ISO8859P6
AR8ISO8859P6 == Arabic 8-bit
Arabic 8-bit
JA16EUC
JA16EUC == Japanese
Japanese16-bit
16-bit
ZHT32EUC
ZHT32EUC == Traditional
TraditionalChinese
Chinese32-bit
32-bit
UTF8 == Unicode multi-byte
Unicode multi-byte
UTF8
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
Character sets are sets of encoded binary values that represents the letters, numerals,
and punctuation marks of a language, or of a group of languages that use similar
written symbols. For example, the WE8ISO8859P1 character set can be used by
English and many other languages that use a Latin-based alphabet and Arabic
numerals. Terminals and printers handle text data by converting these encoded values
to characters. A character set may also be called a codeset.
In Release 11i, support for the Unicode UTF8 character set removes the limitation on
the number of supported languages that can be run in a single instance. The Unicode
character set supports all characters in common use in all of the world’s modern
languages.

Chapter 7 - Page 7
Installing Multiple Languages
Installing
InstallingMultiple
Installing
Installing MultipleLanguages
Multiple
Multiple Languages
Languages
Languages
1.
1. Select
Selecttarget
targetlanguages
languagesduring
duringinstall
install
2.
2. Rapid
RapidInstall
Installcreates
createsinit
init.
init.ora
init..oraand
andthe
theapplications
applications
environment file automatically
environment file automatically
3.
3. Rapid
RapidInstall
Installinstalls
installsEnglish
Englishlanguage
languagefiles
files
4.
4. Rapid
RapidInstall
Installenables
enablesadditional
additionallanguages
languages
5.
5. Use
UseAutoPatch
AutoPatchto
toinstall
installadditional
additionallanguages
languages
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
During the install, the Rapid Install utility prompts you to select the language(s) in
which you wish to run Oracle Applications. Based on the languages you select, the
utility appropriately sets parameters in the init.ora and the applications environment
files. It also determines an appropriate character set that can support all the languages
selected. The Unicode character set, UTF8, can be used to support multilingual
processing.
Rapid Install installs the English language version automatically. It also marks the
other selected languages as available.
You then install the actual files containing the translated language items using the
AutoPatch utility.

Chapter 7 - Page 8
Translated Language Items
Translated
TranslatedLanguage
Translated
Translated LanguageItems
Language
Language Items
Items
Items
•••• Messages
Messages
Messages
Messages
•••• Menu
Menuprompts
Menu
Menu prompts
prompts
prompts
•••• Seed
Seed data
Seeddata
Seed data
data
•••• Forms
Forms(.fmb
Forms
Forms (.fmbfiles)
(.fmb
(.fmb files)
files)
files)
•••• Reports
Reports(.rdf
Reports
Reports (.rdffiles)
(.rdf
(.rdf files)
files)
files)
•••• External
Externaldocuments
External
External documents
documents
documents
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
The files installed by AutoPatch contain the Oracle Applications components that have
been translated. Translated components include
• messages
• menu prompts
• seed data (for example, list of values entries)
• forms (.fmb files)
• reports files (.rdf files)
• external documents
SQL scripts, import files, and driver files used to add language seed data to the
database may also be translated.

Chapter 7 - Page 9
Additional Language Subdirectories
Additional
AdditionalLanguage
Additional
Additional LanguageSubdirectories
Language
Language Subdirectories
Subdirectories
Subdirectories
$GL_TOP
$GL_TOP
admin
admin forms
forms mesg
mesg reports
reports
driver
driver import
import sql
sql US.
US.msb
msb
US. msb GLXDBA.
US.msb GLXDBA.rdf
rdf
GLXDBA.rdf
GLXDBA. rdf
US
US DD
*.*.
*.drv
drv
*.drv
drv *.*.
*.exp
exp
exp *.sql
*.exp *.*.
sql
*.sql
sql
D.
D.msb
msb
D.msb
D. msb DD
DD DD DD
GLXSSBNR.
GLXSSBNR.fmb
fmb
GLXSSBNR.fmb
GLXSSBNR. fmb
GLXDBA.
GLXDBA.rdf
rdf
GLXDBA.rdf
GLXDBA. rdf
*.*.
*.drv
drv *.*.
*.exp
exp
*.exp
exp *.*.
*.sql
sql
*.sql
sql GLXSSBNR.
GLXSSBNR.fmb
fmb
GLXSSBNR.fmb
GLXSSBNR. fmb
*.drv
drv
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
Translated forms, reports, message files, and installation scripts are stored in their own
language specific directories. These directories are identified by a language short name,
or directory code. For example, all forms located under the US directory are in
American English while all forms located under the D directory are in German.

Chapter 7 - Page 10
Localizations
Localizations
Localizations
Localizations
Localizations
JG
JG
JE
JE
JA
JA
JL
JL
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
Localizations provide additional features for a country or region. For example, Oracle
France may extend the payment processing features of Oracle Payables to provide a
feature needed for banks in France. Or localizations may be created to meet specific
government requirements.
A localization may require
• additional forms
• additional reports
• additional seed data in the base product tables
• additional database tables or other database objects
If you require additional country specific functionalities (localizations) after the initial
installation or upgrade, they can be licensed through the License Manager.

Chapter 7 - Page 11
Localization Applications
Localization
LocalizationApplications
Localization
Localization Applications
Applications
Applications
Abbreviation
Abbreviation Application
ApplicationID
ID Application
ApplicationName
Name
JA
JA 7000
7000 Asia
Asia/ /Pacific
PacificLocalizations
Localizations
JE
JE 7002
7002 European
EuropeanLocalizations
Localizations
JL
JL 7004
7004 Latin
Latin AmericaLocalizations
America Localizations
JG
JG 7003
7003 Regional
RegionalLocalizations
Localizations
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
The localizations for various countries and regions are grouped into four
“applications.”
• Asia/Pacific Localizations
• European Localizations
• Latin America Localizations
• Regional Localizations
For 11i all localizations are installed into both the file system and the database by the
Rapid Install utility. After you have installed Oracle Applications, you must license any
localizations you need to use.

Chapter 7 - Page 12
Localization Directories
Localization
LocalizationDirectories
Localization
Localization Directories
Directories
Directories
/d1/app1/115
/d1/app1/115
dbtrain
dbtrain..env
dbtrain.
dbtrain .env ap ar
ar gl
gl jaja jeje jljl admin
admin
ap
11.5
11.5 11.5
11.5 11.5
11.5 11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
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rightssreserved.
reserved.
Each localization application uses additional directories under the APPL_TOP

directory. These directories have the same structure as the directories used by other
base products.

Chapter 7 - Page 13
Localization Database Objects
Localization
LocalizationDatabase
Localization
Localization DatabaseObjects
Database
Database Objects
Objects
Objects
APPS
APPS
JG_ZZ_RULE_SETS_PKG
JG_ZZ_RULE_SETS_PKG
JG
JG GL
GL
JG_ENTITY_ASSOC
JG_ENTITY_ASSOC JG_ZZ_RULE_SETS
JG_ZZ_RULE_SETS
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
Localizations also use database objects to store business data used during localization
processing. The database objects are stored similarly to objects used by the base
applications. The code objects such as packages are owned by the APPS schema. The
data objects such as tables and indexes are generally owned by the localization
application schema. However, in some instances, they are owned by the appropriate
base application schema.
The slide shows three objects of the JG localization application. The
JG_ZZ_RULE_SETS_PKG package is owned by the APPS schema as most packages
are. The JG_ENTITY_ASSOC table is owned by the JG application schema. The
JG_ZZ_RULE_SETS table, however, is owned by the GL schema.

Chapter 7 - Page 14
Lesson Summary
Lesson
LessonSummary
Lesson
Lesson Summary
Summary
Summary
•••• Oracle
OracleApplications
Oracle
Oracle Applicationscan
Applications
Applications canbe
can
can beimplemented
be
be implementedin
implemented
implemented in
in
in
languages
languages
languages other
languages otherother than
than
other than American
American
than American English.
English.
American English.
English.
•••• Each
Eachlanguage
Each
Each languageuses
language
language usesadditional
uses
uses additionaldirectories
additional
additional directoriesin
directories
directories inthe
in
in the
the
the
file
file
filesystem
filesystem
systemto
system to
to store
tostore the
storethe
store translated
thetranslated
the language
languageitems.
translated language
translated language items.
items.
items.
•••• Localization
Localizationmodules
Localization
Localization modulesprovide
modules
modules provideadditional
provide
provide additional
additional
additional
processing
processing required by countriesor
processing
processing required
required
required by
by
by countries
countries
countries orregions.
or
or regions.
regions.
regions.
•••• Localizations
Localizations
Localizations
Localizations use use
use additional
additional
use additional directories
directoriesand
directories
additional directories and
and
and
database
database
database objects.
objects.
database objects.
objects.
•••• All
Alllocalizations
All
All localizationsare
localizations
localizations areinstalled;
are
are installed;needed
installed;
installed; neededlocalizations
needed
needed localizations
localizations
localizations
must
must
must be
be
be licensed.
licensed.
licensed.
must be licensed.
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
Oracle Applications can be run in languages other than American English (referred to
as National Language Support or NLS), or it can be run in multiple languages
simultaneously (referred to as Multilingual Support or MLS). Additional language
versions use their own directories to store translated language items.
In some cases, alternate character sets must also be installed to support languages. The
Unicode character set, UTF8, can be used to support multilingual processing.
Localizations are modules that provide additional processing required by some
countries or regions. For 11i all localizations are installed into both the file system and
the database. Localizations that are needed must be licensed after installation.

Chapter 7 - Page 15
Practice
Practice
Practice
Practice
Practice
1111 What
Whatis
What
What isisthe
is thedistinction
the
the distinctionbetween
distinction
distinction betweenNLS
between
between NLSand
NLS
NLS andMLS?
and
and MLS?
MLS?
MLS?
2222 Describe
Describe
Describethe
Describe the
the process
theprocess
processto
process to install
toinstall
to multiple
installmultiple
install languages.
multiplelanguages.
multiple languages.
languages.
3333 List
List
List two
Listtwo
two Oracle
twoOracle
Oracle Applications
OracleApplications
components
Applicationscomponents
Applications componentsthat
components that are
thatare
that translated.
aretranslated.
are translated.
translated.
4444 Localizations
Localizations
Localizationsprovide
Localizations provide
provide extra
provideextra Oracle
extraOracle
extra Applications
OracleApplications
Oracle components
Applicationscomponents
Applications components
components
for
for use with a particular country or region. Name three extra
foruse
for usewith
use withaaaparticular
with particularcountry
particular countryor
country orregion.
or region.Name
region. Namethree
Name threeextra
three extra
extra
components
components
components that
that
thatmight
might
might be
be
be required
required
required by
by
by a
a
components that might be required by a localizationalocalization
localization
localization
Corporation,
ion,2000.
2000.All
Allright
rightssreserved.
reserved.
Practice Solutions
1 What is the distinction between NLS and MLS?
NLS is the installation of Oracle Applications where the base language is
not American English, e.g. installation in Japanese only, whereas MLS
allows Oracle Applications to have multiple languages simultaneously.
2 Describe the process to install multiple languages.
–Select target languages during install
–Rapid Install creates init.ora and the applications environment file
automatically
–Rapid Install installs English language files
–Rapid Install enables additional languages
–Use AutoPatch to install additional languages

Chapter 7 - Page 16
3 List two Oracle Applications components that are translated.
– messages
– menu prompts
– seed data (for example, list of values entries)
– forms (.fmb files)
– reports files (.rdf files)
– external documents
– SQL scripts
– import files
– driver files
4 Localizations provide extra Oracle Applications components for use with a
particular country or region. Name three extra components that might be required
by a localization.
– Additional forms
– Additional reports
– Additional seed data in base tables
– Additional database tables or other database objects

Chapter 7 - Page 17

Chapter 7 - Page 18
Appendix A - Glossary
Chapter 8
Chapter 8 - Page 1
A
appletviewer
A program residing on a client machine that runs and displays a Java applet or application.
Applications database server

The machine or machines containing Oracle Applications Server code and the Oracle Server
holding Oracle Applications data. The Applications database server holds all data and data-
intensive programs and processes all SQL requests from the forms servers and concurrent
processing servers.
Applications Help System

The Oracle Applications online help system.
application tier
Machines that reside between the client tier and database tier, providing load balancing, business
logic, and other functionality. The Oracle Web Server handles most of this logic. Also see forms
server.
applmgr
The default login used to install and upgrade Oracle Applications on a server. It owns the server
product files.
apps.zip
a patchable archive of all Java class files required by Oracle Applications
B
background process
A non-interactive process that runs in an operating system environment and performs a task.
bitmap
Definition of a physical bit image on a coordinate plane. A bitmap has a height, width, and vertical
and horizontal resolution.
C
character mode
An interface in which users access screen fields and regions through menus or keystrokes.
Contrast GUI.
character set
A set of encoded binary values that represent the letters, numerals, and punctuation marks of a
language, or of a group of languages that use similar written symbols. For example, the
WE8ISO8859P1 character set can be used by English and many other languages that use a Latin-
based alphabet and Arabic numerals. Terminals and printers handle text data by converting these
encoded values to characters. A character set may also be called a codeset.
client
A general term for a computer that requires the services, data, or processing of another computer.
See client/server architecture.
Chapter 8 - Page 2
client/server architecture
A computing arrangement in which one or several servers perform database processing for
applications that are run on clients. Contrast multi-tier architecture.
command
An instruction or request for the system to perform a particular action. An entire command can
consist of the command name, parameters, and qualifiers.
concurrency
The simultaneous access of the same data by multiple users.
concurrent manager
A process manager on the Applications database server that coordinates the concurrent processes
generated by users’ concurrent requests. See also concurrent processing facility.
concurrent process
A task run by a concurrent manager. A concurrent process runs simultaneously with interactive
functions and other concurrent processes.
concurrent processing facility

An Oracle Applications facility that runs time-consuming, non-interactive tasks in the background.
concurrent processing server

A machine on which concurrent processing facilities are run.
concurrent queue
A list of concurrent requests awaiting completion. Each concurrent manager has its own queue of
pending requests.
concurrent request
A request issued to the concurrent processing facility when you submit a non-interactive task, such
as running a report.
customization
The process of tailoring an Oracle Applications system to the needs of a specific user community.
D
data dictionary
A set of tables and views that contains administrative information about users, data storage, and
privileges. It is created and maintained automatically.
database
A set of operating system files in which an Oracle Server stores a set of data dictionary tables and
user tables.
database instance
A running ORACLE system. There is always a one-to-one correspondence between an ORACLE
instance and a system global area (SGA).
database object
A logical entity created and stored in a database. Tables, views, synonyms, indexes, sequences,
and stored procedures are all examples of database objects.
Chapter 8 - Page 3
DBA
A database administrator responsible for the maintenance of the Oracle Server and the database
objects of Oracle Applications.
demonstration product group

A product group that includes predefined transaction data for Oracle Applications products. It is
used primarily for system testing and user training. See also product group.
desktop client
A machine on a user’s desktop that sends requests for data and then displays the results. In
Release11i, the desktop client runs the Oracle Forms client Java applet using a Java-enabled web
browser or appletviewer, which sends user requests to the forms server and handles its responses.
JInitiator is another option.
E
environment variable
A variable maintained by the UNIX shell that can be referenced by any program running within
the shell. Environment variables hold values used by many Oracle programs and utilities.
extension
The second part of the full file specification used to indicate the type or purpose of the file. For
example, the extension “.sql” indicates a SQL script. See also filename.
F
filename
The name component of a file specification. A filename is assigned by either the user or the
system when the file is created. See also extension.
form
A logical collection of fields, regions, and zones that appears on a single screen. Oracle
Applications forms resemble paper forms used to run a business. You enter data by typing
information into the form.
Forms Cartridge Handler

An Oracle Web Application Server cartridge that parses a dynamic initial HTML file used for
launching the Oracle Forms client Java applet. When a user invokes the initial HTML page from a
web browser or appletviewer, the Forms Cartridge Handler reads in the HTML file and substitutes
values for items that may differ among users. For example, it can choose the least-loaded forms
server to run the Applications forms. The results of parsing the HTML file are then sent to the
requesting user’s web browser or appletviewer.
Forms Server listener

A process that continuously runs on a forms server that handles requests to display Oracle Forms
form files. These requests are sent from the Oracle Forms client Java applet running on a desktop
client.
forms server
A specific type of application server that hosts the Oracle Forms Server engine. This server
processes end-user requests by sending messages directly back to the client or by making requests
for data to the Applications database server. Data is, in turn, cached on the forms server and
provided to the client as needed.
Chapter 8 - Page 4
G
GUI
Graphical User Interface (Also known as a bit-mapped interface). An interface used with personal
computers and workstations that allows the user to access fields and regions of the screen with a
pointing device, typically a mouse. Contrast character mode.
H
HTTP
hyper-text transfer protocol is a protocol used to access different types of resources on the internet.
HTTPS
An encrypted version of HTTP implemented through the Secure Socket Layer, SSL, standard. The
encrypted secure connection is created by running an ordinary HTTP connection on top of an
encrypted SSL connection. Except for this, HTTPS is like HTTP.
hypertext
A document format that contains links leading to other information or other documents. Also see
World Wide Web.
J
Java Archive (JAR) file
A platform-independent file format that allows you to bundle a Java applet and its requisite
components (.class files, images and sounds) into a single file
Java applet
A program, typically small in size, written in the Java programming language that is downloaded
and run by a web browser or appletviewer.
JDBC (Java Data Base Connectivity)

Java Database Connectivity is a standard SQL database access interface, providing uniform access
to a wide range of relational databases. It also provides a common base on which higher level tools
and interfaces can be built.
Java Release Infrastructure (JRI) - an environment utilized by Oracle Applications for the
purpose of developing, releasing, patching and maintaining Oracle Applications Java code.
L
LAN
Local Area Network. A limited-distance, high-speed, data communications network that allows
various data processing resources to be connected and shared. Contrast WAN.
LOCAL
For Windows platforms, this parameter specifies the SQL*Net database alias to use when no
communications driver is specified upon loading an Oracle tool.
log in (verb)
To perform a sequence of actions that establishes communication with the operating system and
sets up default characteristics for the session. Also called signing on.
Chapter 8 - Page 5
M
Megabyte (MB)
A unit of memory or disk space equal to 1,048,576 bytes (1024 x 1024). Often rounded to one
million bytes.
multiple sets of books

See set of books.
Multiple Organization Architecture (Multi-Org)

A single installation of any Oracle Applications product to support any number of organizations or
different sets of books. The data contained in product schemas is for all organizations, and is
partitioned by the ORG_ID column in tables.
multi-tier architecture
The underlying architecture of Release 11i. The architecture consists of desktop clients requesting
information from application servers (including forms servers) that mediate connections to the
Applications database server. Contrast client/server architecture.
N
Net8
Net8 is the follow-on networking product to SQL*Net version 2. Net8 facilitates and manages
communication sessions between a client application and a remote database.
node - Used to describe a physical machine in the Applications environment. Previously used
names include host and machine.
O
operating system
The computer software that performs basic tasks such as allocating memory and allowing
computer components to communicate.
ORACLE
An Oracle Server database. This generally refers to a database and the objects it contains, not to
the Oracle Server executable files.
Oracle Applications System Administrator

The person responsible for administering Oracle Applications security and tailoring system
operation.
Oracle Installer
The program previously used to install most Oracle products. Oracle Applications Release 11i and
Oracle 8i uses the Universal Installer. See Universal Installer.
Oracle Server
The database management system sold by Oracle Corporation. The term refers in general to the
product executable files and/or the ORACLE databases created through those files.
ORACLE_SID
An environment variable that identifies an ORACLE database.
Chapter 8 - Page 6
parameter
An object of a command. A parameter can be a file specification, a symbol value passed to a
command procedure, or a word defined by the operating system.
password
An identification word associated with a username. A user must supply a password to access an
ORACLE database or an Oracle Applications system.
patch driver
A file read by AutoPatch that lists the actions required to apply a patch or release update.
Examples of actions include copying a file, generating a form, or running a SQL script.
platform
Any individual operating system. Although most Oracle Applications procedures are the same
across platforms, some procedures vary. The latter procedures are called platform-specific.
PL/SQL
A procedural extension of SQL that provides programming constructs such as blocks,
conditionals, and procedures.
Product Family - Represents a group of related products. Examples of Product families are
Financials, Manufacturing, Human Resources.
product group
A set of Oracle Applications products that uses a single installation of Oracle Application Object
Library tables. Each product group can contain any number of Applications products.
Product Installation group - Refers to Multiple set of books architecture.
prompt
Words presented on the terminal screen to assist a user’s data entry.
Q
queue
A line of items waiting to be processed.
R
report
An organized display of Oracle Applications information. A report can be viewed online or sent to
a printer. The content of a report can range from a summary to a complete listing of values.
S
server - Used to describe the components of the Technology Stack: Administration server, Forms
server, eb server, and Concurrent Manager (node) server.
set of books
An organization or group of organizations within Oracle Applications that shares a common
Accounting Flexfield structure, calendar, and functional currency. You must define at least one set
of books for each business location.
SGA
Chapter 8 - Page 7
System Global Area. Memory that provides communication between all database users and the
ORACLE background processes.
short name
An abbreviation for an Oracle Applications product (such as gl for Oracle General Ledger) or an
Oracle Applications language (such as brapor for Brazilian Portuguese).
shut down (verb)

The process of stopping a running instance to make a database unavailable, including closing and
dismounting a database if one has been mounted and opened.
SmartClient
Client Server architecture environment of Release 10SC.
spawned process
A background process initiated by a running program. These include programs run by concurrent
managers and SQL*Net listeners.
SQL
Structured Query Language. An internationally standard language used to access data in a
relational database. The acronym is pronounced “sequel.”
SQL*Loader
An Oracle Server tool used to load data from operating system files into Oracle Server database
tables.
SQL script
A file containing SQL statements that can be run through SQL*Plus to perform queries or
database administration and installation tasks.
Standard Request Submission

A standard interface in Oracle Applications that lets you run and monitor concurrent requests.
subdirectory
A directory that is contained within another directory.
synonym
An alias for a table, view, sequence, or program unit that masks the real name and owner of the
object, provides public access to the object, and simplifies SQL statements for database users.
syntax
The orderly system by which commands, qualifiers, and parameters are arranged together to form
valid command strings.
SYS schema
One of two standard DBA usernames automatically created with each database (the other is
SYSTEM). SYS owns the base data dictionary tables and views.
system administrator
See Oracle Applications system administrator.
SYSTEM schema
One of two standard usernames automatically created with each database (the other is SYS). The
SYSTEM username is the preferred username to use when performing database maintenance.
SYSTEM.DUAL table
Chapter 8 - Page 8
A necessary table that contains exactly one row. It is used as a “dummy” table to guarantee a
known result, such as “true.”
T
table
The basic unit of storage in a relational database management system. A table represents entities
and relationships, and consists of one or more units of information (rows), each of which contains
the same kinds of values (columns).
tablespace
A logical portion of an Oracle Server database used to allocate storage for data and to group
related logical structures. For example, one tablespace may group all of an application’s database
objects.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP is a layered set of protocols. The main ones being the file transfer protocol (FTP) and the
internet protocol (IP). TCP is a network protocol that allows a user on any computer to get files
from another computer, or to send files to another computer. IP is a protocol that provides the
basic service of getting “data” to their destination
temporary tablespace
A tablespace used when a SQL statement requires the creation of temporary segments (for
example, the creation of an index).
tier - Used to describe the three layers of the Internet Computing Architecture: Database tier,
Applications tier, and Desktop Client tier.
transaction processing option

An Oracle Server option for handling a large volume of transactions with a high amount of
concurrency.
U
URL
Uniform Resource Locator. An address used to uniquely identify a document on the World Wide
Web. An example of a URL is http://www.oracle.com.
user exit
A program related to a form. Users invoke it to perform tasks outside the scope of the form.
username
A name that grants access to an Oracle Server database schema and defines which database
objects the user can manipulate. Every username is associated with a password.
V
view
A custom-tailored presentation of the data in one or more tables. A view can be thought of as a
“stored query.”
virtual directory
Part of a URL that indicates the location of a document on a web server. The web server translates
the virtual directory, entered by the user, to a physical location on the machine’s file system.
Chapter 8 - Page 9
W
WAN
Wide Area Network. A long-distance, low-speed (typically 128 Kbps or slower), data
communications network that allows various data processing resources to be connected and
shared. Contrast LAN.
web browser
A program used to retrieve and display documents on the World Wide Web. Netscape Navigator
and Microsoft Internet Explorer are the most common web browsers.
web client
A machine on which a user is running a web browser or appletviewer. See also desktop client.
web listener
The main component of a web server program that runs as a background process, accepting
incoming requests and returning the requested data or document.
web server
A program that accepts requests to retrieve and display documents on the World Wide Web. The
requests are typically sent by a web browser, and may be processed by additional programs before
being passed to the web listener. The term “web server” may be used to denote either this program
or the actual machine on which the software is running.
World Wide Web (WWW)

A network of machines running web servers that provide access to hypertext documents. The
network may consist of machines on the Internet, a corporate intranet, or a combination of both.
Also called simply “the Web.”
Chapter 8 - Page 10

Oracle Applications Architecture Release 11i Student Guide

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Oracle Applications

Architecture, Release 11i

Course Code 14433GC10

Restricted Rights Legend

Richard Sears, Yun Shaw

Technical Contributors and Reviewers

Oracle Applications Overview..............................................................................................1-1

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights reserved.

Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contents

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights reserved.

Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contents

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights reserved.

Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contents

Before You Begin This Course

• Knowledge of ERP software systems and the Internet recommended

• There are no prerequisites for this course

How This Course Is Organized

Oracle Applications Architecture is an instructor-led course featuring lecture and

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights reserved.

Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contents

Title Part Number

Oracle Applications Concepts A82932-01

Upgrading Oracle Applications A69411-01

Installing Oracle Applications A69409-01

Maintaining Oracle Applications A83525-01

• System release bulletins

• Installation and user’s guides

• Oracle Applications User’s Group (OAUG) articles

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights reserved.

Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contents

Typographic Conventions in Text

Convention Element Example

Caps and Buttons, Click the Executable button.

Courier new, Code output, Code output: debug.set (‘I”, 300);

Initial cap Graphics labels Customer address (but Oracle Payables)

Italic Emphasized words Do not save changes to the database.

Uppercase SQL column Use the SELECT command to view

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights reserved.

Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contents

Commas Key sequences Press and release keys one at a time:

Typographic Conventions in Code

Convention Element Example

Passwords DROP USER scott

Lowercase Syntax variables CREATE ROLE role

Typographic Conventions in Navigation Paths

This simplified path translates to the following:

2. (M) From the menu, select Query > Find.

3. (B) Click the Approve button.

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights reserved.

Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contents

Typographical Conventions in Help System Paths

The following help navigation path, for example—

(Help) General Ledger > Journals > Enter Journals

—represents the following sequence of actions:

2. Under the General Ledger entry, expand Journals.

3. Under Journals, select Enter Journals.

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights reserved.

Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contents

Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contents

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights reserved.

Oracle Applications Overview

Copyright  Oracle Corporat ion, 2000. All right s reserved.

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights reserved.