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LTE Radio Interface - Physical Layer

• Introduction

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LTE Radio Interface - Physical Layer
• Introduction

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LTE Radio Interface - Physical Layer
• Introduction

Table of Contents:

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 4
1.1 LTE / SAE Architecture .............................................................................. 4
1.2 LTE Frequency Allocation .......................................................................... 5
1.3 LTE Physical Layer .................................................................................... 6
1.4 Main Benefits of LTE (1) ............................................................................ 7
1.5 Main Benefits of LTE (2) ............................................................................ 8

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LTE Radio Interface - Physical Layer
• Introduction

1 Introduction

1.1 LTE / SAE Architecture

UTRAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) refers to the long term evolution of the 3GPP
radio access technology and is considered the successor of the current UMTS
system with the rollout anticipated to begin with trials in 2009.

The LTE work in 3GPP is closely aligned to the 3GPP system architecture evolution
(SAE) framework which is concerned with the evolved core network architecture. The
LTE/SAE framework defines the flat, scalable, IP-based architecture of the Evolved
Packet System (EPS) consisting of a radio access network part (Evolved UTRAN)
and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC).

Note that the Evolved Packet System is purely packet based - it does not handle
circuit-switched traffic at all. Circuit-switched applications (e.g. voice) are carried over
IP (e.g. Voice over IP, VoIP).

Move your mouse pointer over the items in the architecture figure for a short
introduction to each item.

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LTE Radio Interface - Physical Layer
• Introduction

1.2 LTE Frequency Allocation

LTE networks can be deployed both in existing and new frequency bands such as:

 the 900 and 1800 MHz bands widely used for GSM

 the 850 and 1900 MHz bands used for GSM in North and South America

 the new 700 MHz band previously used for analog television broadcasting

 the 2100 MHz band and the combined 1700/2100 MHz band mainly used for
3G (WCDMA and HSPA) systems outside and within America, respectively

 the new 2600 MHz band that is becoming available for mobile systems in
many parts of the world.

LTE will be initially deployed in the 2100 MHz and 1700/2100 MHz frequency bands.

LTE will be initially deployed in the 2100 MHz and 1700/2100 MHz frequency bands.

The LTE air interface supports both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time
division duplexing (TDD). In FDD, the uplink and downlink signals are carried in
different parts of the paired frequency band, as shown in the figure. In TDD, the
uplink and downlink transmission takes place during different time intervals within the
same spectral bandwidth.

In practice, a frequency band is split up into several portions, depending on the


geographical location where each portion is allocated to a certain network operator.
LTE offers the possibility to further split up the allocated portion into a number of
channels with a variety of bandwidths between 1.4 and 20 MHz.

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LTE Radio Interface - Physical Layer
• Introduction

1.3 LTE Physical Layer

Whereas GSM is based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and WCDMA and
HSPA are based on Code Division Multiple Access, the LTE physical layer is based
on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in the downlink and
Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) in the uplink direction.

The second part of this course is entirely devoted to explaining the basic operation of
these multiple access methods. For instance, the concept of subcarriers in the
frequency domain should be familiar at this point.

Obviously, the physical structure of the LTE interface contains more than just the
multiple access method. The third part of the course addresses among others such
issues as the frame structure, the basic idea of using resource blocks, the physical
channels in downlink and uplink, and adaptive resource allocation.

The course also briefly describes the protocol layers located above the physical
layer.

The LTE radio interface is standardised in the 36-series of 3GPP Release 8. The
detailed physical layer structure is described in five physical layer specifications.

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LTE Radio Interface - Physical Layer
• Introduction

1.4 Main Benefits of LTE (1)

The LTE radio technology offers the following benefits:

 LTE offers peak data rates of up to 173 Mbit/s in downlink (assuming 2 x 2


MIMO and 20 MHz channel bandwidth) and up to 58 Mbit/s in uplink.

 LTE enables round trip times (RTT) of less than 20 ms. The round trip time or
user plane latency is the time it takes for information to travel from the mobile
terminal to the destination in the network and back to the terminal.

 Also the control plane latency - the time needed to allocate transport
resources - is important. The requirement for the control plane latency in LTE
is less than 100 ms.

 Contrary to HSPA, LTE offers packet scheduling in the frequency domain in


addition to packet scheduling in the time domain. This feature greatly
increases the spectrum efficiency of LTE.

 The LTE capacity or spectrum efficiency is two to four times higher than that
of a 3GPP Release 6 HSPA system.

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LTE Radio Interface - Physical Layer
• Introduction

1.5 Main Benefits of LTE (2)

A major advantage of LTE over WCDMA or HSPA is the possibility of allocating


spectrum bandwidths of varying size to the mobile users.

LTE offers several channel bandwidth values between 1.4 and 20 MHz. By contrast,
the channel bandwidth in WCDMA or HSPA is always fixed at 5 MHz.

A small channel bandwidth allows easier spectrum refarming and is beneficial for
mobile operators short on spectrum.

On the other hand, a large channel bandwidth is required if large peak data rates are
to be supported.

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