Specimen Dental Formula Teeth Type Key Character Adaptions Other

Armadillo 0/0 0/0 (PC)7-9/7-9 Homodont and peg Dermal scales/dermal Dermal Scales usually have rings
Cingulata like with no enamel bone of dermal scales
Dasypus encircling the tail
Baboon 2/2, 1/1, 2/2, 3/3 = 32 bunodont N/A N/A Just know that it is an
Primates Brachyodont old world so it has the
Cercopithecidae same df as us.
3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3 = 42 Brachyodont Distinguish from N/A In bears the vibrissae
Bear bunodont other carnivores by are vestigial
Carnivora low flattened crowns
Ursidae of cheek teeth. Last
molar is ALWAYS
larger than any other!
alisphenoid canal
present
Beaver 1/1 0/0 1/1 3/3 = 20 hypsodont, -Large heavy skull Superciliary Vibrissae Do NOT confuse with
Rodentia lophodont -Tiny infraorbital present the infamous
Castoridae formina Scales on tail mountain beaver and
-Orbits are small and Webbed feet its FLAT head
elevated

Caribou N/A Selenodont Possible id from sight Digits 4-4 with Caribou females also
Artiodactyla hypsodont look for lacrimal dewclaws have antlers
Cervidae depression if unsure ungliigrade walk Has velvet covering
R. tarandus alisphenoid canal which can be shed as
absent it sheathes boney
core of antler
(complex and
branches)
Cat 3/3 1/1 3/2 1/1 = 30 Carnassial (very NOTE df dif from Lynx Generalized vibrissae Has an extra molar
Carnivora specialized Well defined sagittal on cheek and tori on than lynx which is the
Felidae carnivores) secodont crest feet oddball of the family
Felis catus (slicing) Uniform skull
NO alsphenoid canal
Chinchilla N/A Lophodont Large auditory bullae N/A It is from South
Rodentia Domed shape America
Chinchillidae
0/3 0/1 3/3/ 3/3= 32 Selenodont The one in the case ungliigrade walk Horns always present
Cow hypsodont No fenestration on in males, non-
Artiodactyla the side of the deciduous
Bovidae rostrum
Bos alisphenoid canal
absent
Coypu/ Nutria 1/1 0/0 1/1 3/3 hypsodont, HUGE infraorbitals N/A Looks like a beaver
Rodentia lophodont and really long with a rat-like
Myocastoridae paraocciptal process tail…common N.A.
(kickstand) species
Dolphin N/A Homodont KNOW ALL ANATOMY N/A N/A
Cetacea
Delphinidae
Eared-Seal 3/2 1/1 4/4 2/1 Homodont Looks a lot like feline Buccal N/A
Carnivora skull WITH OUT post A) Mystacial (impt)
Otariidae orbital bar B) Submental
Superciliary
Arctocephalus
Echidna NONE  N/A N/A Has spiny processes dorsal side of body
Monotremata on roof of mouth, covered with spines
Tachyglossidae keratinized pad for defense, NO barbs
Experimental Bunny 2/1 0/0 3/2 3/3 Lophodont A Skin General vibrissae Albino (genetic trait)
Lagomorpha Continuously growing
Leporidae incisors
N/A Lophodont Massive incisors N/A One of the few
hypsodont Well developed specimens with post
temporal ridges orbital pits
Geomyidae (Pocket DEEP POST ORBITAL
Gopher) PITS
Small infraorbital
foramen
Guinea Pig 1/1 0/0 1/1 3/3 Luxodont Large paraoccipital N/A 2 prism cheek teeth
Rodentia process
Hare (General) 2/1 0/0 3/2 3/3 Lophodont Look for peg teeth General vibrissae Continuously growing
Lagomorpha Hair on the bottom of incisors
Leporidae feet for insulation…is white pelage in the
NOT albino winter, and brown
pelage in the summer
for camouflage

Harp Seal 2/1 1/1 4/4 1/1 Homodont Looks a lot like feline Buccal Look for saddle/harp
Carnivora skull WITH OUT post A) Mystacial (impt) pattern on back if
Phocidae orbital bar B) Submental given skin
Superciliary
Phoca alisphenoid canal
absent
3/2 1/1 4/4 1/1 Homodont Looks a lot like feline Buccal Has spots
Hooded Seal skull WITH OUT post A) Mystacial (impt)
Carnivora orbital bar B) Submental
Superciliary
Phocidae alisphenoid canal
Cystophora absent
Horse N/A Lophodont Orbit enclosed by Feet with 1 distinct Has long narrow nasal
Perissodactyla Homodont post orbital bar digit bones
Equidae hypsodont
Equus caballus
Human (Primates) 2/2, 1/1, 2/2, 3/3 = 32 Bunodont N/A N/A Complex scale
Homo sapin Brachyodont pattern on hair
Kangaroo N/A Lophodont Mastoid process N/A Teeth replace
Diprotodontia secodont Holes in palate themselves
Macropodidae Inflected condyle
Lynx 3/3 1/1 2/2 1/1 Carnassial (very NO alsphenoid canal Generalized vibrissae Note dif df from
Carnivora specialized Rounded skull on cheek and tori on other felids
Felidae carnivores) secodont Last upper molar tiny feet
Lynx lynx (slicing)
Marmot 1/1 0/0 1/1 3/3 Lophodont Beaver like N/A N/A
Rodentia Small infraorbital
Sciuridae Arrow like occipital
process

Mole 3/2 1/0 3/3 3/3 dilambdodont Well characterized N/A N/A
Soricomorpha ectolyph
Talpidae
Moose (American) 0/3 0/1 3/3 3/3 lophodont Antlers are a solid N/A Has velvet covering
Artiodactyla mass which can be shed as
Cervidae alisphenoid canal it sheathes boney
Alces alces absent core of antler
Mountain Beaver N/A Occlusive FLAT SKULL!!!!!!!!! N/A N/A
Rodentia Teeth have distinctive
Aplodontiidae occlusive pattern
Flask shaped bullae
Muridae (Assorted) 1/1 0/0 1/1 3/3 = 20 N/A 3 cheek teeth N/A N/A
No post orbital
process
Slit like infraorbital
forema
Muskox 0/3 0/1 3/3/ 3/3= 32 Selenodont Curled horns ungliigrade walk Horns always present
Ovibos in males, non-
deciduous
N/A Prismatic, hypsodont, Postorbital crest Countershading pelage is layered with
Muskrat Tori a soft dense underfur
Rodentia Aquatic: hairs btwn for insulation
Ondatra toes
N.A. Porcupine N/A Bunodont Enlarged auditory dorsal side of body N/A
Rodentia Brachyodont bullae covered with spines
Erethizontidae (stiff, enlarged guard
hairs) for defense
- spines have barbs
on the ends that
don’t allow spines to
be removed easily

Neotoma (wood rat) N/A N/A N/A N/A Stuffed

Opossum N/A Polyprotodont where Mastoid process tori White tipped ears for
Didelphimorphia I= 5/4 Holes in palate General vibrassie optical signaling
Didelphidae Inflected condyle
Otter 3/3 1/1 4/3 1/2 N/A N/A pelage is layered with Countershading
Carnivora a soft dense underfur
Mustilidae, for insulation
Lontra semi webbed feet
with hairs
N/A N/A N/A body covered with NO dermal scales
Pangolin large, leaf shaped
Pholidota overlapping
keratinized scales
with
epidermal origin
N/A bunodont Elongated compared N/A N/A
Peccary to pig
Artiodactyla alisphenoid canal
Suidae absent
Pig N/A bunodont See ADW N/A N/A
Artiodactyla alisphenoid canal
Suidae absent
Platypus NO TEETH N/A N/A Webbed feet Has keratinized pads
Monotremata in mouth as grinding
Ornithorhynchidae surface
Pronghorn N/A N/A N/A HORNS composed of Mascot for the
Artiodactyla a slender, laterally American Society of
Antilocapridae flattened blade of Mammalogists
Antilocapra bone that grows from only animal in the
Americana the frontal bones of world with branched
the skull horns (not antlers)
and the only animal
in the world to shed
its horns

Raccoon N/A bunodont No alsphenoid canal N/A Stuffed

Carnivora
Procyonidae
Procyon lotor
Rat (Norway) 1/1 0/0 1/1 3/3 = 20 lophodont 3 cheek teeth Scales on tail Skull greater than
Rodentia No post orbital 25mm
Muridae process
Slit like infraorbital
forema
Red Back Vole N/A lophodont N/A N/A Note for colour
Rodentia
2/1 1/1 4/4 1/1 Homodont Looks a lot like feline Buccal Skin
Ringed Seal
skull WITH OUT post A) Mystacial (impt)
Carnivora B) Submental
orbital bar
Phocidae Superciliary
1/1 0/0 1/1 3/3 = 20 N/A Post orbital process N/A N/A
Sciuridae (Assorted) AAROW shaped
Sheep N/A Selenodont See ADW ungliigrade walk Horns always present
Artiodactyla hypsodont alisphenoid canal in males, non-
Bovidae absent deciduous
 Can get from Carnassial (very alisphenoid canal N/A N/A
carnasials specialized absent
Short-tailed weasel carnivores) secodont Well developed
(ermine, stoat) (slicing) carnasials
Carnivora Long brain case
Mustelidae No postorbital bar
Short rounded
mandibles
Skunk ? ? Long narrow rostrum Warning colouration Skin and skull
Carnivora Mastoid smaller than
Mephitidae paraociptal
alisphenoid canal
absent

Snowshoe Hare 2/1 0/0 3/2 3/3 Lophodont Look for peg teeth General vibrissae Continuously growing
Lagomorpha Hair on the bottom of incisors
Leporidae feet for insulation…is white pelage in the
NOT albino winter, and brown
pelage in the summer
for camouflage
Whale N/A Homodont The nostrils are N/A Note the baleen as a
Cetacea placed on top of the feeding adaption in
Delphinidae head, so that the baleen whales
G. melas surrounding bones
are modified
Wolf 3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3 Carnassial Long narrow rostrum N/A Can derive formula
Coyote Dogs have bunodont Mastoid smaller than from Carnassial
Fox (red) molars as they are paraociptal
omnivores Sagittal crest
(Carnivora) alisphenoid canal
present
Wombat N/A N/A Mastoid process N/A Note labial
Holes in palate projections
Inflected condyle