Sunday, February 20, 2011

TOPIC 10 : TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE SCALE

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

 TEMPERATURE

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Definition
A measure of the average
The degree of kinetic energy of the
how hot or cold molecules of the body.
a body is. Kinetic Theory of Matter

Accurately measured by a THERMOMETER

Sunday, February 20, 2011 2

 THERMOMETERS

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Instruments used to measure temperature.

Body Food Surroundings

Sunday, February 20, 2011 3

Sunday, February 20, 2011
WHAT AM I ?
LOOK AT ME CLOSELY !

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

 THERMOMETERS

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Use thermometric substances to measure temperature.

Thermometric
Length Volume
Substances

Substances that have Current E.m.f

physical quantities
that changes Resistance
continuously with Gas
temperature. Colour
pressure

Sunday, February 20, 2011 5

 THERMOMETERS

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

PICTURES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF THERMOMETERS!

Liquid-in-Glass Thermocouple
Thermometer

Sunday, February 20, 2011 6

 THERMOMETERS

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

PICTURES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF THERMOMETERS!

Gas-Filled Resistance
Thermometer Thermometer

Sunday, February 20, 2011 7

 THERMOMETERS

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

PICTURES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF THERMOMETERS!

Aquarium Thermometer Mood Ring

Using Thermochromic Liquids

Sunday, February 20, 2011 8

 TEMPERATURE SCALE

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Definition
A range of numbers for measuring the level of hotness.

CENTIGRADE SCALE
COMMON
TEMPERATURE FARENHEIT SCALE
SCALES
KELVIN SCALE

Sunday, February 20, 2011 9

 TEMPERATURE SCALE

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Definition
A range of numbers for measuring the level of hotness.

Choosing two suitable

temperatures known as
Determination of fixed points.
Temperature Scale
Divide the range between the
fixed points into a number of
equal division.

Sunday, February 20, 2011 10

 THE CENTIGRADE SCALE
Also known as the Celsius Scale

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Temperature of pure
melting ice at 1 atm.
ICE POINT
Assigned a value of
0 degrees Celsius.
TWO FIXED
POINTS Temperature of steam from
boiling water at 1 atm.
STEAM POINT
Assigned a value of
100 degrees Celsius.

Space between ice point and steam point is divided into 100 equal parts

Sunday, February 20, 2011 11

 THE KELVIN SCALE
Also known as the Absolute Scale

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Based on The lowest possible temperature that
Theory exists in the universe - the absolute zero.

Kelvin (K) The temperature at

which all possible
SI unit of thermal energy has
Temperature been transferred
away from the body.

Sunday, February 20, 2011 12

 KELVIN-CELSIUS SCALE

Sunday, February 20, 2011

COMPARISON
13

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

 KELVIN-CELSIUS CONVERSION

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Absolute Zero = 0 K = - 273 degrees Celsius

Temperature in
Kelvin to Celsius
Kelvin - 273

Temperature in
Celsius to Kelvin
Degree Celsius + 273

273 K = 0 degrees Celsius

Sunday, February 20, 2011 14

 KELVIN-CELSIUS CONVERSION

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Convert these temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin

1. 825 0 C 6. -23 0
C
2. 273 C 0
7. -58 0
C
3. 100 C 0
8. -100 0 C
4. 73 0
C 9. -245 C0

5. 8
0
C 10. -273 C
0

Sunday, February 20, 2011 15

 KELVIN-CELSIUS CONVERSION

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Convert these temperatures from Kelvin to Celsius

1. 514 K 6. 167 K
2. 428 K 7. 100 K
3. 316 K 8. 73 K
4. 273 K 9. 58 K
5. 245 K 10. 24 K

Sunday, February 20, 2011 16

 THE CENTIGRADE SCALE
Also known as the Celsius Scale

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Temperature of pure
melting ice at 1 atm.
ICE POINT
Assigned a value of
0 degrees Celsius.
TWO FIXED
POINTS Temperature of steam from
boiling water at 1 atm.
STEAM POINT
Assigned a value of
100 degrees Celsius.

Space between ice point and steam point is divided into 100 equal parts

Sunday, February 20, 2011 17

 USING PHYSICAL PROPERTY TO
CALCULATE TEMPERATURE

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Know the Know the Find the
length at length at length at
Ice point Steam point Unknown
temperature

Using the changes in LENGTH of liquid column

to determine TEMPERATURE
Sunday, February 20, 2011 18
 USING PHYSICAL PROPERTY TO
CALCULATE TEMPERATURE

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Length at
Unknown Unknown
- Length at

X 100
temperature Ice point
temperature
in
=
0
C Length at
Steam point - Length at
Ice point

Using DIRECT PROPORTION as the physical

property is proportional to temperature

Sunday, February 20, 2011 19

 GENERAL EQUATION FOR THE
CENTIGRADE SCALE

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Unknown
X -X
X 100
temperature Unknown

= temp Ice point

in
0
C X Steam point - XIce point

X is the physical property which changes with temperature.

Sunday, February 20, 2011 20

 USING PHYSICAL PROPERTY TO
CALCULATE TEMPERATURE

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Length at
Unknown Unknown
- Length at

X 100
temperature Ice point
temperature
in
=
0
C Length at
Steam point - Length at
Ice point

Using DIRECT PROPORTION as the physical

property is proportional to temperature

Sunday, February 20, 2011 21

 KELVIN-CELSIUS CONVERSION

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Absolute Zero = 0 K = - 273 degrees Celsius

Temperature in
Kelvin to Celsius
Kelvin - 273

Temperature in
Celsius to Kelvin
Degree Celsius + 273

273 K = 0 degrees Celsius

Sunday, February 20, 2011 22

 GENERAL EQUATION FOR THE
CENTIGRADE SCALE

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Unknown
X -X
X 100
temperature Unknown

= temp Ice point

in
0
C X Steam point - XIce point

X is the physical property which changes with temperature.

Sunday, February 20, 2011 23