OCRS F E C O G N I S I NAGC H E V E M E N T

OXFORDCAMBRIDGEAND RSA EXAMINATIONS

Advanced Subsidiary GCE
PHYSTCS B (ADVANCING PHYSICS) 2861
Processes
Understanding
Friday 31 MAY 2002 Afternoon t hour30 minutes

Candidatesansweron the questionpaper.

Additionalmaterials:
Data,Formulaeand Relationships Booklel
Electroniccalculator

CandidateName

TIME t hour30 minutes

TO CANDIDATES
INSTRUCTIONS
. Writeyournamein the spaceabove.
. WriteyourCentrenumberandCandidate numberin the boxesabove.
. Answerall thequestions.
o Writeyouranswersin the spaceson the questionpaper.
o Readeachquestioncarefullyand makesureyou knowwhatyou haveto do beforestartingyour
answer.
. and roundanswersto onlya justifiable
Showclearlythe workingin all calculations, numberof
figures.
significant

FORCANDIDATES
INFORMATION
. [ ] at the endof eachquestionor partquestion.
The numberof marksis givenin brackets
o The values of standardphysicalconstantsare given in the Data,
Formulaeand Relationships Booklet.Any additionaldata requiredare FOREXAMINER'S
USE
givenin the appropriatequestion.
Sectior Max. Mark
. You are advisedto spend about 20 minuteson SectionA, 40 minutes
on SectionB and 30 minuteson SectionC.
A 20
o You will be awardedmarks for the quality of written communication
wherean answerrequiresa pieceof extendedwriting. B 40

c 30

TOTAL 90

This questionpaperconsistsof 22 printedpagesand2 blankpages.

MML 1175 2/01 508707/5
@ ocR 2002 RegisteredCharityNumber:1066969 [Turnover
 2 For
Examine/s
Use
SectionA

Fig.1.1showsa standingwavein a pipe,closedat oneend.

F i g .1 . 1

(a) The frequencyof the sound producingthe standingwave is 170Hz.

Calculatethe wavelength.

velocityof soundin air = 340 m s-1.

w a v e l e n g t=h. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .m
..........

(b) Calculatethe lengthof the pipe.

lengthof the pipe = .m

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3
Examiner's
Use
Fig.2.1showsa racingcar fittedwitha spoiler.Whenairflowsoverthe spoilera downward
forceis produced
on the rearof the car.

flllli:ir, LF1ir dri:::: rl::i{,rii

* 1000N (dragforce

riii

1 5 0 0 N downthrust
t::i:i:l::r:::i:J::,::t::i:i::r
:::..1 l:rr
:::,:::r]:r::i::rrl:i

Fig.2.1 Fig.2.2

Fig.2.2showsthe magnitude and directionof the forcesactingon the spoilerwhenthe car

at speed.Theforcesaredrawnto a scaleof 1 cm to 500N.
is travelling

Findthe magnitudeof the resultantforceactingon the spoiler.Showhow you get your

answer.

resultantforce= N [2]

[Turnover
 4 For
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3 (a) Calculatethe energyof a photonof lightof frequencyf = 6.0 x 1014Hz.

The Planckconstanth = 6.6 x 10-3aJs.

e n e r g y= " " " " " " " """"" J

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(b) A light-sensitive
cell on the retinaat the back of the eye will respondwhen 1.1 x 1O-18J
of lightenergyfallson it.

How many photonsof light,frequency/= 6.0 x 1O1aHz,ate requiredto triggerthe

responseof a singlecell?

=
numberof photons
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 5 For
Examiner's
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A heavy ball rolls off a shelf with an initial horizontalvelocity % and landsat pointP some
time later.as shownbelow.

\
\
path
' of ball r\

The horizontaland verticaldisplacementof the ball from the edge of the shelf,at any time f
duringthe flight,can be calculatedas follows:

horizontal x = vt
displacemenl y=lot2,
verticaldisplacement

whereg is the acceleration

dueto gravity.

the pathof the ballis givenby:

Showthatthe equationdescribing

gx2
'
2v2

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286'l Jun02 [Turnover

 6 For
Examinels
Use
Twoloudspeakers,A and B, producesoundwavesfromthe samesignalgenerator.PointP
fromA andB (Fig.5.1).
is equidistant

Fig.5.1

An observer,
walkingalongthe lineXl hearsthe loudness of the soundriseandfall.Strong
signalsareheardat P and R, butno signalat Q. Thewavelength
of thesoundis 0.3m.

(OA- OB)?
(a) Whatis the pathdifference

pathdifference..........

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2861Jun02
 7 For
Examiner's
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(b) The separationof the speakersis decreasedas shown in Fig.5.2.

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
r P
-a- -
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Y

Fig.5.2

State and explainhow the spacingof P, Q and R changeswhen the separationof the
speakersis decreased.

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 I For
Examinels
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6 A coinfallsfromrest,undergravity,
downa deepwell.The coinhitsthe bottomof the well
4.0s later.

(a) Calculate
the depthof thewell.

dueto gravity= 9.8m s-2.

acceleration

d e p t h =. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .m
...........

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(b) In fact,the depthof thewellis knownto be 70m.

Suggesta reasonforthedifference
in thevalues.

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 9 For
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patternis produced
an interference
In a doubleslitexperiment on a distantscreen.

Photonsfromthe sourcereachthe screenat pointX by the two possiblepathsshownin

phasoramplitude
Fig.7.1.The resultant at X forthesetwo pathsis 2.0.Similarly,
at another
phasoramplitude
pointY on the samescreen(Fi9.7.2)the resultant is 0.5.

Fig.7.1 Fig.7.2

Calculatethe ratio:

of photonsarrivingat pointX
probability
of photonsarrivingat pointY
probability

ratio= 12)

[Turnover
 10 For
Examinels
Use
SectionB

I A skydiverof mass75kg jumpsfroman aircraftthat is in levelflightat a greatheightabove

the earth'ssurface.

(a) Calculate
the gravitational
pullof the earthon theskydiveras he fallsfromthe aircraft.

Assumethatg = 9.8Nkg-1at thisheight.

pull=
gravitational .........N

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(b) (i) Initially,
the skydiver
fallsfasterandfaster,accelerating
downwards.
Explain,in terms of the forces acting,why the downwardacceleration
of the
skydiverdecreasesas hisverticalspeedincreases.

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(ii) Only a few secondsafterleavingthe aircraftthe skydiveris fallingtowardsthe
earthat a steadymaximum speedof about50m s-l (over100milesan hour).
Explainwhyhe reachesa sfeadyspeed.

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2861Jun02
 11 For
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Whenhe doesthis,hisverticalspeed
(c) To landsafelythe skydiveropenshis parachute.
decreasesrapidlyfrom 50m s-1to about5 m s-1.He thenfallsto the earthat a steady
speedof about5 m s-1.

Explain,in termsof theforcesacting,whyhe

rapidlywhenthe parachute
(i) decelerates opens

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(ii) fallswitha smallersteadyspeedthanbeforethe parachute
wasopened.

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lTotal: 101

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 12 For
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Thisquestionis aboutthe motionof a skateboarder
on rampsof different
shape.

Fig.9.1showstwo ramps,A and B, whichare usedfor skateboarding.

The rampsarethe samelengthand3.0m high.

3.0m

Fig.9.1

(a) A skateboarder
startsfromrestat the top of eachramp.

Describe
the motionof the skateboarder
as he descends

rampA

rampB.

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 13 For
Examiner's
Use
graphsforthe motiondowneachrampareshownin Fig.9.2.
(b) Thespeed-time

rampA rampB

4.0 4.0

3.0 3.0
speed/ms-1 speed/ms-]
2.O 2.0

1.0 1.0

0 0d
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 o.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
time/s tim e/s

Fig.9.2

Explainwhy
(i) the shadedareas underthe two graphsmust be equal

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(ii) thetimetakento descendrampB is greaterthanfor rampA.

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[Total:9]

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 14 For
Examinels
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1 0 Thisquestionis abouta speedmeasuring
device.

Thedeviceis shownin the diagrambelow.

speedmeasuring
device
-

sheet
of metal

A beamof radiowaves is emittedfrom the transmitter. Part of the transmittedsignalis

reflecteddirectlybackto the receiverby the reflectorR, and part is reflectedbackfrom a
sheetof metalX, positioned as shown.Wavesenteringthe receiver are combined to givea
resultantoutput.

(a) ThesheetX is positioned

suchthatthe outputof the receiveris a maximum.

Statethe relativephaseof the two wavescombiningat the receiver.

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 15 For
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(b) The wavelengthof the radiowaves is 30mm.Whenthe metalsheetis moved7.5mm
the outputof the receiver
towardsthe receiver to a minimum'
decreases

Explainwhy
signaldecreases
(i) the receiver

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zero.
(ii) the minimumis notnecessarily

t21
(c) The signal is now directedat a car which is movingdirectlytowardsthe receiverat a
steadyspeed.The outputof the receiverrisesand fallsat a frequency2.QkHz.
(i) Calculatethe period f of the fluctuatingsignal.

12)
of the car is 30m s-1.
(ii) Showthatthe speedof approach

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[Total: 10]
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 16 For
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11 Thisquestionis abouttheemissionof electrons
froma metalsurface.

A thin,squarespecimen 4.2x10-2mx 4.2x10-2m,is placedon the

of metal,dimensions
bench.The specimenis uniformlyilluminated
from aboveby a beamof electromagnetic
radiation
of frequency
6.0x 1015
Hz,as shownin Fig.11.1.

I- electromagnetic

-
w

Y
4.2x1Q-2m

regulararrangement
of atoms
in surfacelayer

F i g .1 1 . 1 Fig.11.2

Assumethat the atoms in the metalsurfaceare in a simpleregulararrangement,as shown

i n F i g .1 1 . 2 .

(a) (i) Show that there are 1.5 x 108 atoms along the edge XY of the specimenin the
surfacelayer.
diameterof an atom= 2.8 x 10-10m.

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(ii) Showthatthereareabout2.3x 1016atoms in the wholesurface.

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286'l Jun02
 17 For
Examiner's
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(b) (i) Everysecond,9.0x 1O-7Jof energyis incidenton the metalsurface.Assumethe
energyarrivescontinuously and is completelyabsorbedby the atomsin the
surfacelayer.
Show that, on average,the amountof energyabsorbedevery
secondby eachatomin the metalsurfaceis 4.0x 1O-23J.

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(ii) The energyrequiredto removean electronfroman atomof the metalis knownto
b e 3 .2x 1 o -1 8 J.
Calculatethe time takenfor an atom in the metalsurfaceto absorbthis energy
fromthe electromagneticradiation.

time=
l2l

The experimentalresultis quitedifferent.

Whenelectromagneticradiation fallson the metal
surface,someelectrons fromthe surface.
are emittedimmediately This onecrucialresult
is
that photoelectric
that indicates if the energyis assumedto
emissioncannotbe explained
arrivecontinuously.
r adiationof fr equencyf is
( c ) T h e q ua n tu mth e o rya ssu me sthat electr omagnetic
absorbedin discretepacketsof energy(photons), eachof energyE = hf.

Showthatwhena photonof electromagnetic frequencyf = 6.0 x 1015H2,

radiation, is
absorbedby an atomof the metal,emissionof an electroncouldoccur.

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[Total: 11]

2861 Jun02 [Turnover

 18 For
Examine/s
Use
SectionC

In thissectionof the paperwillchoosethecontextin whichyougiveyouranswers.

Use diagramsto helpyour explanations and take particular

carewith your writtenEnglish.
Upto fourmarksin thissectionwillbe awardedforwrittencommunication.

of waves.In this questionyou are to

12 Thereare manyeffectscausedby the superposition
writea shortaccountof one exampleof wave superpositionthat you considerto be of
practical or of interestin physics.
importance

(a) (i) Statethe exampleof wavesuperposition

thatyouhavechosen.

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(ii) Saywhyyouconsiderthe exampleyou havechosento be of practical
importance
or of interestin physics.

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(b) Drawa labelleddiagramto show the arrangementof equipmentneededto producethe
superpositioneffect.On the diagram,give an indicationof the dimensionsinvolved,
and the wavelengthof the waves.

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 For
19 Examiner's
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(c) Describecarefullywhat would be observed.

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you havedescribedusingyour knowledgeof the physics.
(d) Explainthe observations
whereappropriate.
Writeequations

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[Total: 15]
[Turn
 20 For
Examinefs
Use
1 3 ln thisquestionyou are to choosehowto measurethe acceleration
of the trolleyshownin
F i g 1. 3 . 1 .

iV..] ::
i:i:t9ui:t:!
1::! :!::! :: ! i :l
: , : ir " l

.:9 rg!Ei$rbi
i6

1 1 i : i l i
{ie !:9!?a!19.t!

Fig.13.1

The taut stringpassesoverthe pulleyand connectsthe trolleyto the massholderas

shown.The lengthof the stringallowsthe trolleyto travelthe wholelengthof the bench
withoutthe massholdertouchingthefloor.

The trolleyis releasedfrompointX and accelerates alongthe benchto pointI

uniformly
the
under constant force provided
by thefallingmassholder.

(a) (i) Statethe quantities

thatwouldneedto be measured
to findthe acceleration
of the
trolley.

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(ii) Show how the quantitieswouldbe used to find a valuefor the acceleration.

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2861 JunO2
 21 For
Examiner's
Use
You may add to
(b) Describeand explainhow you wouldmakethe measurements.
if youwish.
Fig.13.1, or drawyourowndiagram

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of
(c) (i) Suggesttwo differentfactorsthat mightlimitthe accuracyof the measurement
the acceleration.

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(ii) Suggesthow the accuracymightbe improved.

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lTotal: 11]
Qualityof WrittenCommunication
[4]
2861Jun02