Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Alan McSweeney
Objectives
Processes
Processes
Processes Define Govern Solution
Business Deliver on
How Systems Design,
Requirements Business
Should Operate Development.
Requirements
Implementation
External External
Manual Extended Application Manual
Interaction Interaction
System System
Component Component
System
Component
External External
Manual Manual
Interaction Interaction
Automated Automated
Process System Process
Manual Manual
Process Component Process
Extended Application
Automated
Process
Manual Manual
Process Process
Core
Application
Automated Automated
Process Process
Manual Manual
Process Process
Process Design
Defines the processes that will be
implemented by the solution
Solution Architecture
and Design
Defines the solution design to
implement the processes
Technical and Detailed
Design
Creates a detailed technical design
for implementation
Implementation
Implements the detailed design
March 25, 2011 9
Solution Design and Implementation Sequence
Business Plan
Business Need Y
Thr ou Ca
Mu oug n It
l ti p h T e r a
h
Business Benefits Det le Tim ese S te
ail e t
Eac s, Re eps
h S fini
tag ng
Requirements e
Definition
Process Design
Solution Architecture
and Design
Technical and
Detailed Design
Implementation
? !?
User
Business/
Process
Analyst
? ?
Architect
Solution
?
Architect/
Technical
Designer
?
Developer
?
Team
Business Requirements Large Project Team and Business Benefits Business Needs
Not Captured Multiple Stakeholders Not Measured Not Met
Opportunities
Lost
Investment
Inadequate Resource Unproven Technology Inadequately Explored Wasted
Allocation and Solution Options
Prioritisation
Business Requirements Large Project Team and Business Benefits Business Needs
Not Captured Multiple Stakeholders Not Measured Not Met
Opportunities
Lost
Investment
Inadequate Resource Unproven Technology Inadequately Explored Wasted
Allocation and Solution Options
Prioritisation
This is The
Design of The
Overall
System
Architect/
Technical
Designer
This is The
Detail of The
Implementation
of The Solution
Developer
This is The
Team
Solution Being
Developed
Complexity –
Simplicity – Easy for
Unambiguous Detail for
Business Users to
Implementation and
Understand
Operation
Business needs to
understand what
processes it is
Need to have a
agreeing to, how IT needs to
process definition
these processes will understand what is to
and representation
deliver requirements, be developed,
approach and
how the processes delivered and
language that fulfils
will operate, who will implemented
both requirements
be responsible and unambiguously
at the same time
what resources will be
required
• Need to have a process design language and approach that fulfils the
requirements of both IT and the business at the same time
• Need a process design language and approach that can be
understood by the business and provides the rigour required of the
IT
• Process design can be as simple as a narrative, flowchart or some
other graphical representation
• Need to balance the requirements of the business and IT
− Simplicity and ease of use promotes ease of understanding
− Ambiguity/lack of detail leads to misunderstanding
• Too much complexity - takes time, alienates the business, loses
momentum, costs a lot, delays decisions, induces analysis paralysis
• To little complexity - causes doubt, can lead to a disconnect between
what the business thinks it is getting and what IT delivers
March 25, 2011 22
Business Process Landscape
Consistent
Complete
Approach to
Automated
Business Process
Business Process
Analysis and
Management
Description
Complete
Automated
You Have to Business Process
Start Here Management
Consistent
Approach to
Business Process
Analysis and
Description
Business
Process 1
Process
Templates Process
Publication Business
Business Process
Process 2
Design and
Development
Business
Process 3
Process
Business Process Usage
Modification Analysis
March 25, 2011 29
Business Process Management, Governance,
Implementation and Operational Framework – Landscape
Process Strategy Process KPI
Design and Definition Operational
Development Process Library Process Usage
Data
Business
Process 1
Process
Templates Process
Publication Business
Business Process
Process 2
Design and
Development
Business
Process 3
Process
Business Process Usage
Modification Analysis
March 25, 2011 30
Business Process Management, Governance,
Implementation and Operational Framework – Logical
Components
Optimisation
Strategy,
Management
and Operation and
Governance Measurement
Design and
Implementation
Technology
Infrastructure
March 25, 2011 31
Business Process Management, Governance,
Implementation and Operational Framework
Optimisation
Strategy,
Management
and Operation and
Governance Measurement
Start With
Realistically
Achievable Design and
Implementation
Objectives …
Technology
Infrastructure
Complete
Automated
Business Process
Management
… Before Trying to
Move to an All-
encompassing
Solution
Consistent
Approach to
Business Process
Analysis and
Description
• Diagrams
− Process diagram often depicts simple notation of the basic workflow of a
process
− Depicts the major elements of a process flow, but omits the minor details
which are not necessary for understanding the overall flow of work
• Maps
− More precision than a diagram
− More detail about process and important relationships to other elements such
as performers (actors), events, results
− Provide a comprehensive view of all of the major components of the process
• Models
− Represents the performance of what is being modelled
− Needs greater precision, data about the process and about the factors that
affect its performance
− Often done using tools that provide simulation and reporting capability to
analyse and understand the process
March 25, 2011 34
Process Attributes and Characteristics
• Most process analysis and design efforts require the use of models
to describe what is happening during the process
• Useful to have some standards and measures of quality as it relates
to process modelling
• Quality of model defined by its accuracy, amount of detail and
completeness
• Can have multiple versions or iterations of models are created over
time to capture more detail and improve the quality of the model
• During the modelling of a process, several disconnections,
restrictions and/or barriers may become apparent
• Items should also be noted on the model as well as any other
information discovered that will help create a common
understanding of the current state
Data
Data Stores
Associations
Complex
Sub-Process
Transaction
Start
End
Intermediate
Exclusive
Inclusive
Parallel
Complex
• Classified by
− Task Type
• Service – automated application
• Send – send a message to an external participant
• Receive – wait for a Message to arrive from an external Participant
• User – human performs the task with the assistance of an application and scheduled through a
task manager
• Script – executed by a business process engine
• Manual – not managed by any business process engine.
• Business Rule – provide input to a Business Rules Engine and get the output of calculations
− Process or Sub-Process
• Embedded – sub-process embedded within a process
• Event – triggered by an event
• Called – pre-defined process that can be called
− Looping
• Simple
• Multiple in Parallel
• Multiple in Sequence
− Calling – External Sub-Process
− Transaction Backout (“Compensation”)
Looping Symbol
Simple/Not Specified
Service
Send
Receive
User
Script
Manual
Business Rule
No Event Specified
Message
Error
Escalation
Compensation
(Backout of
Transaction)
Conditional
Signal
Multiple
March 25, 2011 67
Events
Symbol Indicates
Trigger Type
Single Light
Border Indicates
Start Event
Double Light Border and
Hollow Symbol Indicates
Intermediate Inwardly
Directed Event
No Trigger
Message
Timer
Conditional
Signal
Multiple
Multiple in Parallel
Error
Escalation
Compensation
(Backout of
Transaction)
Link
Cancel
Inclusive (AND)
Exclusive (OR)
or
Complex
Parallel
Exclusive Event
Grouping of
Process Elements
Annotation
Comment
Data
Data Collection
Data Input
Data Output
Data Store
Complete
Automated
Basic BPMN Business Process
Processing Management
Diagramming
Allows You to
Start Here
Consistent
Approach to
Business Process
Analysis and
Description
Alan McSweeney
alan@alanmcsweeney.com