THE AERODYNAMIC TUTOR….

EDU-CRAFT
EDUCATIONAL
AIRCRAFT
Company
LOGO
Company
LOGO STAGES OF PRESENTATION
1st STAGE 2nd STAGE 3rd STAGE

FUTURE
INTRODUCTION CONSTRUCTION SCOPE
AND AND AND
CONCEPT OF WORKING FUTURE
PROJECT PLANNING
 Company
LOGO OBJECTIVE
 AIRCRAFT:-
Aircraft is a flying machine used for
transportation, military and different scientific
experiments purpose.
 This project is made to give you an idea about various
axes on which airplane rotates. This project explains
various terms of airplane such as climb, descend, bank
or roll, and yawing. This movement takes place on its
three axes they are vertical, longitudinal, and lateral
which are perpendicular to each other and intersect at
the airplane's center of gravity (cg). To control position
and direction a pilot must be able to control rotation
about each of them. This is a maneuver project in
which the various parts of airplane through which
airplane rotates on its axis’s are controlled by means of
electric servo motors.
Company
LOGO LAYOUT OF AERO PLANE
RUDDER

AILERONS

ELEVATOR
Company
LOGO EXPLANATION
Now as we mention above
aircraft moves along three axis. These
three axis are as mentioned below.

 Lateral Axis (Pitch Axis)

 Longitudinal Axis (Roll Axis)

 Vertical Axis (Yaw Axis)

 Company
LOGO LATERAL AXIS
 The lateral axis passes through the plane
from wingtip to wingtip. Rotation about this axis is called
pitch. Pitch changes the vertical direction the aircraft's
nose is pointing. The elevators are the primary control of
pitch.

ELEVATOR

PITCH AXIS
 Company
LOGO

UP
DOWN

ELEVATOR
MOVEMENT
CLIMB

DESCEND  PITCH AXIS

Relative movement about this axis is called

PITCHING. Pitching is the process of climbing or descending the
aircraft, by tilting it about its pitch axis
The pitching motion is being caused by the deflection
of the elevator of this aircraft. The elevator is a hinged section at
the rear of the horizontal stabilizer. There is usually an elevator
on each side of the vertical stabilizer. The elevators work in pairs;
when the right elevator goes up, the left elevator also goes up.
Company
LOGO LONGITUDINAL AXIS
The longitudinal axis passes through the plane
from nose to tail. Rotation about this axis is called bank or roll. Bank
changes the orientation of the aircraft's wings with respect to the
downward force of gravity. The pilot changes bank angle by
increasing the lift on one wing and decreasing it on the other. This
differential lift causes bank rotation around the longitudinal axis.
The ailerons are the primary control of bank. The rudder also has a
secondary effect on bank. RIGHT
AILERON

LEFT
AILERON

ROLL/BANK AXIS
Company
LOGO

RIGHT UP
DOWN
AILERON
MOVEMENT
UP
RIGHT DOWN
ROLL/BANK
LEFT
AILERON
LEFT ROLL/BANK MOVEMENT

Relative movement about this axis is called

ROLLING. Rolling is the process of tilting the aircraft,
about its roll axis.
Ailerons can be used to generate a rolling
motion for an aircraft. Ailerons are small hinged sections
on the outboard portion of a wing. Ailerons usually work in
opposition: as the right aileron is deflected upward, the
left is deflected downward, and vice versa.
 Company
LOGO VERTICAL AXIS
 The vertical axis passes through the plane
from top to bottom. Rotation about this axis is called yaw.
Yaw changes the direction the aircraft's nose is pointing,
left or right. The primary control of yaw is with the
rudder. Ailerons also have a secondary effect on yaw.

RUDDER

YAW AXIS
Company
LOGO
RUDDER
MOVEMENT

YAWING YAW AXIS

MOTION

It is the process of taking turn by allowing the aircraft to

rotate about it’s vertical (yaw axis) by means of rudder.
The yawing motion is being caused by the
deflection of the rudder of this aircraft. The rudder is a
hinged section at the rear of the vertical stabilizer.
Company
LOGO DETAILS OF COMPONENTS

AERO SERVO DPDT SPHERE

BLOWER
MODEL MOTORS SWITCH BUSHING

• Wingspan JUMBLE
• Dia. Of
70cms • Voltage • Voltage • Voltage 12v RIN 8mm
sphere
• Nose tip to 230Volts 12v • current • height of
tail tip dist. • Speed • Current 2Amp. bushing
60cms 3000rpm 1.5Amp. 12cm
• Height of • Speed
model 9cms 1rpm
• Tail plane
height
11cms
Company
LOGO 1. AERO MODEL

It is the model of aero plane made up of

material known as Styrofoam, which is
hardened than thermo cole. It is the main
component of the project. It gives the
required motion when control surfaces are
operated.
Company
LOGO 2. BLOWER

Blower is used to blow the air on the

aero plane model which produces the air
drag effect like in the real aircraft.
Honeycomb structure screen is placed in
front of blower to convert the turbulence
flow of air into streamline flow.
 Company
LOGO 3. SERVO MOTORS
Servo motor is the motor
which gives limited
rotations in both the
directions i.e. in clockwise
and in anticlockwise
direction.

In project ,we are using 3 servo

motors to operate the control
surfaces of aero model like
ailerons, elevators and rudder.
 Company
LOGO 4. DPDT SWITCHES
DPDT switch means dual
pole dual throw switch
that is, it has two poles
and it can supply the
current in two directions.

 We are using this switch to operate

the servo motors in two opposite
directions which in turn operate the
control surfaces. This switch has 6
terminals, DC supply is given to middle
2 terminals & end terminals are
connected to servo motor in cross
direction.
Company
LOGO 5. SPHERICAL BUSHING

Spherical bushing and rod end forms a spherical pair

which allows the sphere inside the race to rotate freely .
The design makes them particularly suitable where
oscillating or tilting movements must be permitted at
relatively slow sliding speeds. We are connecting the ball
of this joint to aero model which will give free rotation to
model when control surfaces are operated.
Company
LOGO CONSTRUCTION
 An Aero model is fixed rigidly to
the eye of the spherical bushing. Servo
motors are connected to the control surfaces
of the plane (elevators, aileron, rudder) and
are driven by DPDT switches through
remote control. This whole construction is
enclosed in transparent box of acrylic sheet
like wind tunnel. A blower with honeycomb
structure screen is placed in front of aero
model to convert turbulent flow into
streamline air flow .
Company
LOGO CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAM
SPHERICAL
BUSHING
Company
LOGO WORKING
 When blower blows the air through honeycomb
structure screen it converts turbulent air flow into
streamline flow.
 When air flows over the aero model, it experiences air
drag. When DPDT is operated it will operate servo
motor which is attached to the elevators by means of
mechanical linkage. When servo motor is operated
both elevators will move in upward direction. Hence
the air which is coming from the blower will strike the
elevators in backwards direction causing the plane to
move in upward direction.
 Similarly, servo motor will operate ailerons and
rudder to give required motion with respect to related
axes.
Company
LOGO ADVANTAGES
 It will help in understanding the basic
dynamic principle of the aero plane.
 Due to the spherical bushing
simultaneous movement on three axis is
possible like braking, floating, etc .
 Real effects can be observed because of
blower.
 Because of the variable flow rate of
blower, air drag principle can be easily
understood.
Company
LOGO DISADVANTAGES
 Complete action of aero model about any
axis is not possible.
 Because of the Styrofoam material used
for the model, it’s life is short.
 Company
LOGO FUTURE SCOPE
 Other secondary control surfaces like
spoilers, flaps, air brakes, winglets, slats,
etc. can be added to give other movements.
 On the same project various dynamic flow
testing can be done like in wind tunnel.
 Additional instruments or sensors like
attitude meter can be placed to study
different terms.
 Company
LOGO COST ESTIMATION
COMPONENT QUANTITY COST
BLOWER 1 1,500 /-
AERO MODEL 1 800 /-
SERVOMOTOR 3 1,800 /-
DPDT SWITCH 3 60 /-
SPHERICAL BUSHING 1 250 /-
ACRYLIC SHEETS 16 sq. feet 1,100 /-
MECHNICAL LINKAGE - 200 /-
OVERHEADS - 1,300 /-
TOTAL - 7,010 /-
Company
LOGO FUTURE PLANNING
FINAL PROJECT ‘EDU CRAFT’