Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
N Sinha, Member
Prof (Dr) R Chakrabarti, Fellow
Prof P K Chattopadhyay, Fellow
This paper presents an improved fast evolutionary programming (IFEP) technique for solution of economic load
dispatch problem with generating units having non-smooth fuel cost curves. The superiority of the method over classical
evolutionary programming (CEP) method has been demonstrated on two test cases. Both the algorithms are
implemented in MATLAB 5.2 command line. It has been observed that this improved fast evolutionary program
outperforms the classical evolutionary program in solving power system economic load dispatch problems of smaller as
well as larger system in terms of execution time, convergence rate, quality and success rate.
Keywords: Classical evolutionary programming; Fast evolutionary programming; Self-adaption; Economic load dispatch;
Gaussian mutation; Cauchy Mutation
above, the standard deviation, σ j is given by the expression 2 50 200 0.004820 7.97 78 150 0.0630
σ j = β f i / f min ( Pj max − P j min ) (11) 3 100 400 0.001940 7.85 310 200 0.0420
Cost, $
offspring trial solution is created near the current solution and
8300
if f i is relatively high, the step size will be larger and next trial
solution will be searched within a wider range thereby
8250
providing an adaptive effect based on the fitness (cost) value.
Also, as f min keeps on updating towards globally optimum 8200
point, the adaptation will also be towards the global point. 0 10 20 30 40 50
Number of Generation
COMPETITION AND SELECTION Figure 1 Comparative convergence nature of CEP and IFEP in
Each individual in the combined population of N parent trial test case-I (3 units case)
vectors and their corresponding N offsprings has to compete
with R randomly selected other individuals to have a chance The value of Scale factor β has been taken as 0.01 after verifi-
to survive to the next generation. A weight value wi is assigned cation. Penalty function method has been used in satisfying
to the individual according to the competition as follows the constraints of power balance and a penalty figure of 1000
R
was found satisfactory. The value of population size (N ) was
wi = ∑ w r (12) taken as 20 after verification with population size 10, 20 and 30
r =1 Figure 1 shows convergence nature of both CEP and IFEP. It
can be observed that IFEP converges faster than CEP towards
fi the global optimum.
w r = 1, if u1 >
f r + fi
Table 2 shows that IFEP takes less cpu time than CEP. Table 3
= 0, otherwise shows the convergence rates of both the EPs in solving the test
where R is the number of competitors; f r is the fitness value caseI. Investigation reveals that IFEP converges at a
of rth randomly selected competitor from 2 N trial solutions significantly faster rate than CEP towards the global
optimum.
based on r = [2 N u 2 + 1] ; [ x ] denotes the greatest integer less
than or equal to x ; fi is the fitness value of pi ; u1 and u 2 are
Table 2 The results of the test case-I (3-units system with valve point
uniform random numbers ranging over [0, 1]. When all
loadings) with load demand 850 MW
individuals obtain their competition scores, they will be
ranked in decending order of their corresponding score, wr . Evolution Mean Time, s Best Time, s Minimum Cost, $
The first N individuals are selected and transcribed along with Method
their corresponding fitness values fi to be the parents in the CEP 20.46 18.35 8234.07
next generation.
IFEP 6.78 6.11 8234.07
SIMULATION RESULTS AND EVALUATION
All the proposed EP algorithms have been implemented in Table 3 Convergence rates in test case-I
command line in MATLAB 5.2 for solution of two test cases
of economic load dispatch. Evolu- After 10 After 15 After 20 After 25 After 30 After 40
tion Genera- Genera- Genera- Genera- Genera- Genera-
TEST CASE I Method tions tions tions tions tions tions
This case adapted from Goldberg3 comprises of three CEP 5.82 7.32 7.94 7.27 6.72 5.12
generating units with quadratic cost functions together with
the effects of valve point loadings as given in Table 1. IFEP 20.28 13.65
The authors would like to thank Prof D B Fogel, Prof Ernst 15. K P Wong and C C Fung. Simulated Annealing Based Economic Dispatch
Stadlober and Ko-Hsin Liang for their helpful suggestions and Algorithm. IEE Proceedings Part-C, vol 140, no 6, 1992, pp 544-550.