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In the name of Allah most

grateful most merciful

Embryo rabbit oral slide & coronal section

slide of embryo's head
:Notes
The doctor started the lecture by saying that this lecture should be
practical……and this course is a two hour credit: 2 hours theory and 1
practical ……so we only have 2 hours a week ….so actually we are going to have
..… oral histology lab every two weeks

The doctor then told us about how to open the images …by connecting the laptop
because the files that we will see together will be big files and he can't actually
put them in CD and he can't run them on the computer,,,, so that's why he
… connected his laptop
The doctor:"" before we start I am going to show you how we can run the
program to make us able to open the images ….. here as you can see there is a
file called oral histology slides …this file is about four GB ….let's open this file
…these are the slides that we are going to see all these slides are already with
you, we gave the CR the CD so everyone should have it ….because of the files
big size so they require a special program it's called image scope and it's
.… available with the slides that you have

Before opening the image you should first install this file (image scope) to
your computer and by that you will be able to open the program and also u can
??open all the images …how these images were created

by using scanning …and this way of having the slides enables you to see the
images as if they under the microscope"" …….for example (the doctor
opened one “an embryo rabbit image” to show us how we can use
(the program

The doctor said that" what is in the picture actually a small rabbit which was
”taken out from the uterus and was sectioned and put under the microscope

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so this is the embryo rabbit ….and notice how I can through the program ..…
.……zoom in and out the image as if we are seeing it under the microscope
The doctor asked us to write down the name of the slide so we can refer to
it (rabbit embryo) it's not very different from human's embryo …. Let us see
…… the different structures

:Embryo rabbit

And the real lecture started from here :p

So this part here is the head of the embryo and here we see the chest area
and this is the abdomen and this the tail (here the doctor was pointed on the
(image
!Now notice that in the chest here what we can see? We answered: heart

And he also pointed on the abdomen and asked us about dark brown area???
(: .…And we also answered: liver!!! Both answers were true
.Notice that the liver is close to the caudal part ….not the cephalic
The liver then the heart then the mouth then the brain …this is the
… sequence

The sequence is not the same before folding …so this means that this embryo
!.……… which you are seeing now is after folding

Of course before folding the liver and actually it's not called liver it's actually
(septum transverse area) is the most cephalic followed by heart, followed
by mouth
followed by brain …..But because of the very fast growth of the brain ,
everything changes

Let us see now the area which we need (was zoomed in) he pointed again on the
.head, the brain, the tongue, the lower jaw and the upper jaw

And also you can see here cavity or space actually it's the ventricles of the
brain (not important to know)….this is the nasal cavity and this is the oral
cavity ….the tongue again and the tip of the tongue

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Again and again the mandible and the maxilla ……….we have also what is called
longitudinal cartilage (micelle’s cartilage)…………..and laryngeal cartilages
.(form the larynx)…and cartilages that form the trachea

The doctor ensured that we are interested in one part and he was pointing on
the oral area…….and he asked us to draw it in three minutes and we started
complaining ………..(doctor: every student should have a notebook for
(oral histology as the one of the dental anatomy
((((unfortunately we took 9 minutes to draw not 3 ………O.o ))))

<<<<<<<<Back to the lecture

The most important parts that we should see are (the tongue, the hard
…(palate, the developing tooth and micelle's cartilage

The doctor zoomed in (micelle's cartilage= white small oval area in the
.mandible having condrocytes cells (cartilages cells) in it

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Moving to the front area so we can see the invagination of oral epithelium, it
gets inside called (primary epithelial band) **don't draw** it this part will
divide into two parts
.outer surface and inner surface

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The outer surface is called the vestibular lamina and the inner surface is
called dental lamina ….then we have 1, 2 is forming in the mandible; in fact
we should have more than one but because the line of cut was sagittal section
so we only saw one tooth but for sure there are other teeth which are forming
.…on the sides

We moved to the upper jaw where the tip of the tongue is located and we
noticed that there is an area from the upper jaw started to have bones (bone
tubercles and between them there is bone marosphasis …..So this is the
.initial formation of the bone of the hard palate

The two shells when they are verticals before they reoriented and fused ….
They are mesodermal
no bone in it but once they are fused the bone starts to form, actually when )
they are vertically aligned they will form soft palate and once they are
horizontally reoriented they fuse together after fusion bone starts to form
inside the palate ; form inside the palate by intra membranous ossification
because path is part of the maxilla if the maxilla bone formation is intra
membranous ossification that's why I don't see cartilage in hard
palate

We can only see mesenchymal tissue converts into ( I didn't get the name
.of the bone: so sry ) bone

Near the tip of the tongue we can notice a structure as ((C)) shaped structure ;
this is a tooth forming in ((cap stage= because it looks like a cap)), (this picture
is beloved by our doctor in the exams so pay attention while studying) ….let us
see the beginnings of the tooth formation …..The tooth starts here and
invaginates (primary epithelial band) then after that this invagination will divide
:into two parts

:(Outer surface (vestibular lamina .1

Goes bucculy *
(will have regeneration for the cells to have round space (as I heard *

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:(Inner surface (dental lamina .2
.forms lingually *
.at the end of this we have the formation of the tooth *

This tooth has actually gone beyond bud stage now it's in cap stage; what can I
.identify in cap stage??? I can identify: the outer cells and the inner cells

The outer cells (the doctor pointed on the image) called external enamel .1
.epithelium
.The inner cells called the internal enamel epithelium .2
(Inside we have stellate reticulum cells (SR .3

notice that this cap is impinging (eating something inside it) so this ***
part which is located in the cavity called (dental papilla) and the whole area
.(surrounded by called (dental follicle

The doctor asked us to draw the second image which is the magnified area of ))))
………… the oral part in the embryo rabbit)))) the doctor said again briefly

The tooth starts here from the oral epithelium (primary epithelium band)
(divides into two parts the vestibular lamina (outside

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later on it will be emptied from it's contents to be called (oral **
vestibule) and the dental lamina(inside) which gives the tooth bud which
consists of ((enamel organ : forms the enamel of the tooth )) surrounded with
.condensed ectomesenchmal tissue

:Parts of enamel organ; let us see the borders

.External enamel epithelium .1
.Internal enamel epithelium .2
In between there are star-shaped cells (white region) = stellate .3
.reticulum

(Ectomesenchyme: (surrounds only the terminal part of dental lamina

.(inside the cavity of the cap (dental papilla .1
.Whole area is surrounded by dental follicle .2

The doctor asked us who wants to show us again the different structures
……..actually I went to the stage and played the role ha-ha I liked it so much
good feeling actually even though I made mistakes ha-ha….. Try it next time guys
((((; .…

The last thing about this slide …..The most important parts that we should know
:are

tongue *
(upper jaw (bone formation in the palate+ tooth in the cap stage *
(lower jaw (micelle's cartilage+ tooth in the bud stage *

(Rabbit embryo Coronal section: (2nd slide for this lecture

Coronal section= parallel to the coronal plane which have the coronal suture )
.between frontal and parietal bones

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:We can see: top of the head … chin

Tongue .1
Lower jaw .2
Hard palate .3
Alveolar processes which holds the teeth .4
Nasal septum .5
Inferior conchae .6
Middle conchae .7
Eyes .8
Brain .9

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Let's start with the lower jaw 
Spherical part of the side of the tongue
Micelle's cartilage (spherical mass actually it's a cross section of micelle's
(cartilage (white rounded area beside the tongue
We have bone formation on the lateral side of Micelle's cartilage (two plates
of bone) at the outer side of micelle's cartilage = mandible … actually the
???body of the mandible why

Because we said that micelle's cartilage is associated with the body of the
mandible because the body is formed by the intra membranous ossification
without involvement of cartilage but the ramus of the mandible is formed by
( endochondrol ossification (have cartilage ; needs no help

The doctor pointed on the inner plate and the outer plate (we said that
tooth forms between two types of bones) one of them is buccul and the other
.is lingual
The doctor showed us the dental lamina at the region where the tooth is )
going to developed and said whenever you see condensation area around it; it's
(actually dental lamina

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Micelle's cartilage has inner (lingual) alveolar plate and outer (buccul)
(alveolar plate (always on outer side of it

The mandible is always in the outer surface of micelle's cartilage...it's

impossible for the mandible to form in the inner side of micelle's cartilage the
mandible always forms from the outside… and the mandible is from two plates of
bone one of them is close to micelle's cartilage (lingual plate form) and the other
plate far a way from micelle's cartilage called (the buccul plate form)….between
the lingual and buccul there is (couldn’t hear) that forms

Notice here that we have a nerve (cross section) it’s spherical; it's a cross
section of a nerve which is a very important nerve in the mandible, what do we
call it? It's of course not facial ,,,,it's inferior alveolar nerve which actually
passes through the body and the ramus of the mandible and supplies
teeth (the doctor zoomed in the image to show us the nerve)….by noticing this
information we can see that bones form after nerves ….. And after bones
.……… muscles form

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So again the inferior alveolar nerve which is located between two plates of
(bone (medial and lateral or lingual and buccull
.Near the lingual part of bone we have micelle's cartilage

By pointing on the magnified image there is a tooth that will form and this tooth
is going to have innervations from this nerve this is one of the teeth ((((always
.……… ((((the tooth forms in an area where there is a nerve to have innervations
We were asked to draw the image by the doctor (the micelle's cartilage,
the lingual plates of alveolar bone, the buccul plate of alveolar
bone, the inferior alveolar nerve and dental lamina of one of the
.teeth

The doctor wanted again a student to show us the parts on the image …. Our
colleague (yara 8ablan) showed us again the parts ………thank you for your
participation

The doctor also showed us the nerve which located inferiorly to the eye called
(infra orbital eye) as an extra information
.And also the doctor pointed into to palatine shells divided by fusion line

The muscle which is in the floor of the mouth called

……Mylohyoid
Dr. Ashraf wanted us to draw
Three images …and see you enshalla on Wednesday with your seat numbers
.…………please
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‫‪(;(; That's set ‬‬
‫‪Forgive me for any mistake; I did my best …..With love<3<3<3 goooooooooooood‬‬
‫‪luck‬‬

‫‪This work is for my mom …my dad…<3<3<3‬‬

‫‪.…… To people who I love and care about‬‬
‫‪Live the moment‬‬
‫‪Forget sadness‬‬
‫‪Live in hope‬‬
‫‪Live with passion‬‬
‫‪Always be strong away from weakness‬‬
‫‪Love each other‬‬
‫‪(:.…Believe in allah…the only one who could help you‬‬
‫‪I read this and I liked it ‬‬

‫قال الصمعي‬
‫بينما كنت اسير في بادية الحجاز اذا مررت بحجر قد كتب عليه هذا البيت‬
‫ايا معشر العشاق بالله خبروا ‪....‬اذاحل عشق بالفتى كيف يصنع‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫فكتب الصمعي تحت هذا البيت‬
‫يداري هواه ثم يكتم سره‪....‬ويخشع في كل المور ويخضع‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ثم عاد في اليوم التالي فوجد‬
‫وكيف يداري والهوى قاتل الفتى‪....‬وفي كل يوم قلبه يتقطع؟‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫فكتب الصمعي‬
‫اذا لم يجد صبرا لكتمان سره‪....‬فليس له شيئا سوى الموت ينفع‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫قال الأصمعي ‪ :‬فعدت في اليوم الثالث الى الصخرةفوجدت شابا ملقى وقد فارق الحياةوقد كتب‬
‫سمـعنا اطعنا ثم متنا فبـلغـوا‪.....‬سلمي الى من كان للوصل يمنع‬
‫هنيئا لرباب النعيــم نعيـــمــه‪.....‬وللعاشــق المســكـيـن ما يتـجـرع‬

‫‪Raya Hijazi‬‬
‫‪.Cor‬‬

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