Unit 4

1 A helical slow wave structure has a pitch of 10 mm and diameter of 20 cm. If the wave
inside the structure is propagating in the axial direction, calculate the wave velocity in that
direction.

As

where p is the pitch, d is diameter

2 Find the amount of loss that the free space will cause to a signal transmitted between two
points separated by a distance of 65 km. The frequency of the transmitted signal is 9 GHz.
As
Free Space Loss(FSL) in dB= 36.58+20 log D+ 20 log f

where D is the distance between the antennas in kilometres, and f is the

frequency in Megahertz.

FSL dB = 36.58+ 20 log 65+20 log 9000

3 Find gain and beam width of a 2.5 m diameter parabolic dish antenna at 11 GHz.
Gain in dB = 20 log F GHz+20 log Dm+17.8
= 20 log 11 + 20 log 2.5 + 17.8
Beam width = 22/ (FGHz x Dm) = 22/ (11 x 2.5) =

4 A line-of-sight microwave link has a receive-signal-level of -50 dBW. If the receiver has
a noise figure of 7 dB and 16 MHz bandwidth, calculate the carrier-to-noise ratio in this link.
The thermal noise threshold of the receiver,

Carrier to noise Ratio,

= Receive Signal Level (dBW) - Noise (dBW)
Where

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 C/N = -50 + 124 .96 = 74.04 dBW

5 Considering a path spanning 40 km from transmitter to receiver. There is an obstacle just 5

km from the transmitter. The K factor is 0.75. Calculate the additional height to compensate for
the earth curvature at the obstacle point.

Height of the tower without considering K factor

Height of the tower considering K factor

Additional height to compensate for the earth bulge

6 Calculate the unfaded RSL of a microwave link operating at 8 GHz, 100 Km long. The
antenna gain is 10 dB at both ends; the line losses are 3 dB at each end; transmitter output is 0.75
W and receiver noise figure is 5 dB.

Transmit power output in dBW= 10 log transmit power in Watts

1W
FSL = 32.44 + 20 log D km+20 log f MHz

EIRP = transmit power output dBW- line losses +antenna gain dB

IRL

= EIRP dB - FSL dB

RSL

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 = IRL+ Receiver Antenna Gain-Receiver Line Loss

All values are in dB

Unit 1
1 A rectangular cavity resonator is constructed with dimensions of a=7 cm b=4 cm and
d=12 cm. The equivalent inductance of the cavity is 1 m H and the equivalent resistance is 10
KΩ. The cavity is filled with a dielectric of relative constant 9. Calculate:
i. The resonant frequency for the TE101 cavity.
ii. The Quality factor of the cavity

2 An air filled rectangular waveguide is passing signal frequency of 3 GHz. The cutoff
frequency of wave guide is 2 GHz. Calculate the following for TE10 mode
i. Design waveguide i.e., find values of a an b.
ii. Wavelength in the waveguide.
iii. Phase velocity in the waveguide.
iv. Characteristic wave impedance.

3 An air filled rectangular waveguide has dimensions a = 8 cm and b = 5 cm. The signal
frequency is 7.5 GHz. Calculate the following for TE21 mode:
i. Cut-off frequency
ii. Wavelength in the waveguide
iii. Phase velocity in the waveguide;
iv. interinsic impedance.

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