ASSIGNMENT 1

1. Information Technology (IT)

Information Technology or IT also cited as Information Service (IS) or
Management Information Service (MIS), can be defined as the development,
design, study, implementation and management of computer related
information. It can also be defined as the use of computer (hardware and
software) to manage information.

IT importance in Business
Computer technology has great applications in almost all kinds of
businesses. Almost all kinds of businesses are relying on computers for
automating their traditional processes. Businesses use wide variety of
databases, management information systems, information sharing platforms,
data sharing networks, internet, intranets, machines, and equipments etc
which highly rely on computers. The use of computer technologies is not
only in the field of finance or marketing
, it is also being used by the medical industry, resource departments,
inventory control management systems etc. Computer technologies help to
perform the routine business tasks much quicker as compared to the
traditional way of doing things. Some companies use data
warehouses, data mining techniques, decision support systems to aid in their
decision making processes.

Any business activity is a decision-making. Decision-making is the selection

of the best alternative. Decision-making could be effective if it is based on
adequate information collected on the subject and their appropriate analysis
in the proper perspective(s). Various MIS are based on IT only. IT provides
storing, retrieval, analysis and management of information. IT also provides
quickest means of communication and IT connects us globally.
Communication Systems, Logistic, F&A HR all functions beside Operation
& Maintenance depend on IT. These are all about IT's importance in
business...

IT importance in Management
IT Management is the discipline whereby all of the technology resources of
the firm are managed in accord with the company’s needs and priorities.
Those resources include tangible investments like computer hardware,
software, data, networks and data centre facilities, as well as the staffs who
are hired to maintain them. Managing this responsibility within a company
entails many of the basic management functions, like budgeting, staffing,
organizing and controlling, plus aspects that are unique to technology, like
change management, software, network planning, tech support and others.
IT Management is a different subject from Management Information
Systems. Management Information Systems refer to information
management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision
making. IT Management, as stated in the above definition, refers to the IT
related management activities in organizations. MIS as it is referred to is
focused mainly on the business aspect with a strong input into the
technology phase of the business/organization.
A primary focus of IT Management is the value creation made possible by
technology. This requires the alignment of technology and business
strategies. While the value creation for an organization is a network of
relationships between internal and external environments, technology plays
an important role in improving the overall value chain of an organization.
However, this increase requires business and technology management to
work as a creative, synergistic, and collaborative team instead of a purely
mechanistic span of control according to Bird.

2. Information System Security

Information security means protecting information and information
systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification,
perusal, inspection, recording or destruction.
The terms information security, computer security and information
assurance are frequently incorrectly used interchangeably. These fields are
interrelated often and share the common goals of protecting
the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information; however, there
are some subtle differences between them.
These differences lie primarily in the approach to the subject, the
methodologies used, and the areas of concentration. Information security is
concerned with the confidentiality, integrity and availability
of data regardless of the form the data may take: electronic, print, or other
forms.
Computer security can focus on ensuring the availability and correct
operation of a computer system without concern for the information stored
or processed by the computer.
Governments, military, corporations, financial institutions, hospitals, and
private businesses amass a great deal of confidential information about their
employees, customers, products, research, and financial status. Most of this
information is now collected, processed and stored on
electronic computers and transmitted across networks to other computers.

3. Utilization of information systems in different functional area

applications
Information Systems (IS) are used in almost every imaginable profession.
Entrepreneurs and small business owners use information systems to reach
customers around the world. Sales representatives use information systems
to advertise products, communicate with customers, and analyze sales
trends. Managers use them to make multimillion-dollar decisions, such as
whether to build a manufacturing plant or research a cancer drug. Financial
planners use information systems to advise their clients to help them save for
Retirements or their children’s education. From a small music store to huge
multinational companies, businesses of all sizes could not survive without
information systems to perform accounting and finance operations,
Regardless of your college major or chosen career, information systems are
indispensable tools to help you achieve your career goals.

The general objective of the study is to enumerate and describe new

development and application of the Information System (IS) among the 23
corporations in Metro Manila, Philippines.
To determine the innovations of Information System (IS) adopted by 23
Corporations in Metro Manila based on three levels of Management Pyramid
(IS that supports daily business operations, IS that supports management
decision making, and IS that supports strategic competitive management).

4. Management Information and Control Systems

A management information system (MIS) is a system that provides
information needed to manage organizations effectively. Management
information systems involve three primary resources: technology,
information, and people. It's important to recognize that while all three
resources are key components when studying management information
systems ... the most important resource is people. Management information
systems are regarded to be a subset of the overall internal
controls procedures in a business, which cover the application of people,
documents, technologies, and procedures used by management
accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or
a business-wide strategy. Management information systems are distinct from
regular information systems in that they are used to analyze
other information systems applied in operational activities in the
organization. Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group
of information management methods tied to the automation or support of
human decision making, e.g. Decision, Expert systems, and Executive
information systems.

5. Providing information for strategic Planning

Information has emerged as an agent of integration and the enabler of new
competitiveness for today’s enterprise in the global marketplace. However,
has the paradigm of strategic planning changed sufficiently to support the
new role of information systems and technology? We reviewed the
literature for commonly used or representative information planning
methodologies and found that a new approach is needed. There are six
methodologies reviewed in this paper. They all tend to regard planning as a
separate stage which does not connect structurally and directly to the
information systems development. An integration of planning with
development and management through enterprise information resources -
which capture and characterize the enterprise – will shorten the response
cycle and even allow for economic evaluation of information system
investment.