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Healthcare in India
Opinions Vishal MarwahPublished April 21, 2010 at 11:55 am
India is probably the most diverse country in the world. With 22 official languages, close to
200 spoken languages and a thousand dialects, and each region having its distinct culture,
tradition and lifestyle, India may be considered as several countries within one. Sixty-two
years after gaining Independence from the British Colonial rule, India has persisted as the
largest democratic nation in the world. With a population of over 1.15 billion (WHO, 2008),
India is the second most populous country in the world. With an area slightly more than one-
third the size of US, India stands as the seventh largest country in the world, and houses 17
% of the world’s population. Seventy- one percent of this population lives in villages. The sex
ratio of the population which is heavily skewed in favor of men (948 women per 1000 men)
has been a matter of concern (WHO, 2006). The preamble of the Constitution of India
describes it as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic. The Indian republic
consists of 28 states and 7 union territories with a parliamentary form of democracy. Though
for several decades post-independence India was more drawn towards socialism given its
strong ties with the Soviet Union, an economic crisis in the early 1990s saw liberalization
and market based reforms in the Indian economy. Despite the fact that the communist left
ideology has prevailed in couple of states, namely Kerala and West Bengal, the country has
a whole has transitioned towards globalization, and the last two decades have seen an
average economic growth rate of 5.8 % per annum, and almost 8.4% in 2006-07 (World
Bank, 2008). With a GDP of 1.089 trillion dollars, India is the 12th largest economy in the
world (4th largest considering purchasing power parity). Despite economic strides India is
facing problems of inequitable distribution of wealth across different regions and social
strata. As of 2005, 28.3% of India’s population lived below poverty line (National Health
Profile, 2007). While certain states have made significant socio- economic progress, some
have lagged behind. The states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh have
health care statistics significantly poorer than the national average (Ibid). One of India’s
strength would be its growing middle class, which is expected to be two-third of the
population by 2009-10 (Ibid). As a greater percentage of the population moves into this
bracket, it is expected that their health care needs and demands are likely to increase.