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Summer Internship
Repot for third year
Student Name : Praveen Kumar
Roll No. – 07EBKEE042
ABOUT COMPANY
National Thermal Power Corporation has been the power behind India’s
sustainable power development since November 1975. Contributing 26% of
country’s entire power generation, it has placed itself in the Nav - Ratan
companies of Indian government and hence is the public sector company.
The total installed capacity of the company is 31134 MW (including JVs) with
15 coal based and 7 gas based stations, located across the country. In addition
under JVs, 3 stations are coal based & another station uses naphtha/LNG as
fuel.
NTPC has been operating its plants at high efficiency levels. Although the
company has 18.79% of the total national capacity it contributes 28.60% of total
power generation due to its focus on high efficiency. NTPC’s share at 31 Mar
2001 of the total installed capacity of the country was 24.51% and it generated
29.68% of the power of the country in 2008-09.
The company has set a future goal of having 50000 MW of installed capacity
by 2012 and 75000 MW by 2017. The company has taken many steps like step-
up its recruitment, reviewing feasibilities of various sites for project
implementations etc. and has been quite successful till date.
CONTACTS
CHALLENGES FACED
Submitted By :- Submitted To :-
Praveen Kumar Mr. Amit Tripathi
B.Tech (3rd YR) Sr. Engineer
Electrical Engineering EE Department
B.K.B.I.E.T , Pilani NTPC , Barh
Rajasthan – 333031 Bihar - 803213
Bihar-803213
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
PLACE :-
CONTENTS
BSTPP AT A GLANCE
SWITCHYARD
• CURRENT TRANSFORMER
• CIRCUIT BREAKER
• SURGE ARRESTOR
• ISOLATOR
• BUSBAR
• LINETRAP
• INSULATORS
• EARTHING
• SHUNT REACTOR
TRANSFORMERS
• GENERATING TRANSFORMER
• UNIT TRANSFORMER
• STATION TRANSFORMER
BSTPP AT A GLANCE
Location:
The project site is located about 3kms east of Barh town in Patna district
in the state of Bihar, having a latitude and longitude of 25 deg 28' N and 85deg
45' E respectively. The plant and township are located between NH-31 and
railway line. The ash disposal area is located in the south of the railway line.
Land requirement:
Coal transportation:-
Water requirement: -
The project site is located near the river Ganges. The make up water
requirement for the project is proposed to be drawn from river Ganges near
village Nawada, at a distance of 2kms. The make up water requirement for the
project is estimated as 9200 m3/hr with ash water recirculation system and
10200 m3/hr once through ash water system respectively. A closed cycle cooling
water system using induced draft cooling towers is proposed.
Construction power:
Beneficiary states:-
The states & UTs of Northern & Western regions and state of Bihar.
SWITCHYARD
. 400 KV SWITCHYARD
There are total 22 bay in 400 KV switchyard. A Bay is basically a way for the
incoming power from generator as well as outgoing power for distribution.
132 KV SWITCHYARD
Main bus - 1
Main bus - 2
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
The current transformer is a step up transformer , it means current is stepped
down to a very low value (generally 1 A or 5 A) so that it can be used for
measuring and protection purposes .
C.T is designed in such a way its Core Material could give high accuracy with
low saturation factor. Core Material is generally made of CRGO Silicon steel
For very low loss characteristics, µ material (Alloy of Ni-Fe) is used.
TESTING OF A C.T
Insulation resistance
Winding resistance
Polarity
o Standard IS2705
o Frequency 50 Hz
o Standard IS2705
o Frequency 50 Hz
o BIL 630/1425 KV
It is a step down transformer, which step down the high voltage to a lower value
that can be measured using the measuring instruments . The CVT are connected
between phase and ground in parallel to the circuit. The other most important
function of C.V.T is that it blocks power frequency of 50Hz and allows the flow
of carrier frequency for communication.
CVT Construction Details
There are 280 – 300 elements in C1 & C2 as these are stacks of capacitors.
C1 contains about 260 to 280 elements. C2 will be containing 15 to 20
elements. Ratio of C1/ C2 is about 20
400/ 20 = 20kV (Tap Voltage)
o Standard IS:3156
o Phase single
o Type outdoor
o Weight 1130 Kg
o CN 4400 pF
o C1 4656 pF
o C2 80000 pF
TESTING OF A CVT
Megger(IR)
Winding resistance
Ratio test
Tan-delta test
Capacitance
CIRCUIT BREAKER
Hydraulic operated SF6 circuit breaker is the most efficient due to following
reasons:-
1. Less maintenance.
2. Arc quenching capability of SF6 gas is more effective than
air.
3. Heat transfer capacity is better in this C.B.
Insulation resistance
Pole discrepancy
N2 lockout
SPECIFICATIONS OF A 132 KV CB
o Voltage 145 KV
o Frequency 50 Hz
o Making current 80 KA
SPECIFICATIONS OF A 400 KV CB
o Number of poles 3
o Whether 3 pole or single pole unit Single pole unit linked together
o Frequency 50 Hz
SURGE ARRESTOR
It is a protective device, which protects the costly equipments such as overhead
lines, poles or towers, transformer etc. against lightening impulses and
switching impulse. As the name suggests it arrests the lightening of very high
voltage (thousands of KV) and dump it into the ground.
It works on the principle of easy path for the flow of current. S.A. is connected
in parallel with the line with its lower end connected and the upper end
projected above the pole of tower.
SPECIFICATIONS
o Standard IEC-60099-4
o Arrestor class station class
designed temperature
TESTING
Insulation resistance
Counter
Capacitance test
ISOLATOR
An isolator is one, which can break an electrical circuit when the circuit is to be
switched on no load. These are normally used in various circuits for the
purposes of isolating a certain portion when required for maintenance etc. It is
always used in OFF-LOAD condition.
TESTING
Insulation resistance
CRM(contact resistance measurement)
Open time
Close time
BUS BAR
Bus bar are used to interconnect the loads and sources of electrical power . It
connects incoming and outgoing transmission lines.It also connect generator
and main transformer in power plant. Copper or Aluminium are generally used
for busbar
The bus bars of 400 kV switchyard are generally made up 4 “IPS aluminum
tube or Quad Moose rated for 3000 A”.
There are different bus schemes for a switchyard, depending on certain factors
such as feeder fault, bus fault and redundancy in design.
Ring bus
One and a half breaker bus scheme is adopted for 400 KV switchyard at
BSTPP.
While for 132 KV switchyard one Main and transfer bus scheme is adopted.
LINETRAP
Generally there are two class of linetrap depending upon the value of
inductance. Inductance value may be of 1.0 mH or 0.5 mH.
(ii) Protection
Communication Purpose:
There are two types of electrical frequency which flow in a line- 50Hz power
signal & 20 KHz of carrier signal. In order to isolate these two frequencies (so
that they do not hinder each other) tapping of the frequencies is done as per the
requirement.
Since in the buses and bays we need only power frequency, wavetraps are being
used to block high frequency carrier signals. C.V.T. blocks the power
frequencies and due to the capacitance present it allows the high frequency
carrier signals to pass through co-axial cables.
Protection
INSULATORS
Generally we use two types of insulator in a switchyard
EARTHING
To provide a means to carry electric current into the earth under normal
and fault conditions , without exceeding any operating and equipment
limits or adversely affecting continuity of service .
o All metallic objects which do not carry current and installed in the
substation such as structures, parts of electrical equipments, fences,
armouring and sheaths of low voltage power and control cables should be
connected to the earthing electrode system.
SHUNT REACTOR
Shunt reactors installed at a switchyard serve two purposes :-
o Cooling ONAN
o Phase 3
o Connection symbol Yn
o Frequency 50 Hz
Control panel mostly consists of meters and protective relays. The meters
include ammeter, voltmeter, wattmeter, energy meter etc. The relays include
over voltage relay, over current relay , over frequency relay , under voltage
relay , under frequency relay , earth fault relay , master trip , distance relays.
auxiliary relay and transformer relays like OLTC out of step, winding
temperature alarm, oil temperature alarm. The trip indicators included are CB
SF6 gas density low, CB Air pressure low, VT fuse fail alarm, CB pole disc
trip, carrier signal received, back up protection, auto reclose lock out, control
DC supply fails, distance protection , carrier out of service, distance
protection trip etc.
TRANSFORMER
SPECIFICATIONS
o Type Of Cooling OFAF
o LV Nominal Voltage 24 KV
o Frequency 50 Hz
SPECIFICATIONS
o Standard IS:2026
o Phase Three
o Frequency 50 Hz
o Winding connection star(HV)
star(MV)
delta(LV)
solidlygrounded(HVn)
STATION TRANSFORMER
Station Transformer is used only for initializing the start-up of the station (Main
Plant).It is very beneficial during emergency situations such as tripping of
Units, shut-down etc. Station transformers is used to start Station auxiliaries a
which are required for generating services such as coal and ash handling
system, lighting system, water purifying system etc.
It gets the supply in its primary from 132 KV switchyard, stepsdown it to 11.5
KV which is used for starting various equipments & devices used in the Main
Power Plant.
SPCIFICATIONS
o Standard IS:2026/77-81
UNIT TRANSFORMER
Unit transformer is directly coupled to the unit itself so when that unit is in
running condition it supplies power to which are coupled to auxiliaries directly
or through unit auxiliary transformer depending upon load. Unit auxiliaries are
those which are directly associated with the generating unit such as ID and FD
fans, Boiler feed pumps, coal mills, fans, circulating water pumps etc.
SPECIFICATIONS
o Rated output 35 MVA
o Cooling ONAN/ONAF
o Frequency 50 Hz
o Phases Three
o Standard IS:2026/77-81
o Cooling ONAN
o Frequency 50 Hz
o Phase Three