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Groove, 50.0
Mesh, 47.5
3 55 55 200 6 45.0
Metal 42.5 Mesh
Temperature Differential
Groove, 37.5 Groove
35.0
Mesh, 32.5
3 55 55 200 5
Metal 30.0 Metal Pow der
Powder 27.5
25.0
Groove, 22.5
Mesh, 20.0
3 55 55 200 4 17.5
Metal 15.0
Powder 12.5
10.0
3. Test Procedure 7.5
5.0
Each test started at +90°, the vertical position where the 2.5
0.0
evaporator blocks were located at the bottom and the
-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120
condenser blocks were located on the top. The test run
Angle of Inclination [°]
through a 180° sweep that paused at each of the following
inclination angle: +60°, +30°, 0° (horizontal), -30°, -60° and – Figure 5. Thermal performance of 6mm OD, 200mm Length
90° (the evaporator blocks were on top position and the heat pipes with different wick structures at different
condenser blocks were at the bottom). Initial heat load of 10 inclination angles. Heat load of 10 Watts.
Watts (6mm and 5mm OD) and 5 Watts (4mm OD) were
applied to the evaporator blocks respectively. When the test
at each inclination angle reached steady state for a specified 50.0
47.5
time period, the program instructed the power supply to 45.0
42.5 Mesh
(Interface to Interface) [°C]
5W
37.5 Groove
Temperature Differential
32.5
30.0 Metal Pow der 35.0 15W
27.5 20W
25.0 30.0
22.5 25W
20.0 25.0
17.5 30W
15.0 20.0
12.5 35W
10.0 15.0
7.5
5.0 10.0
2.5
0.0 5.0
-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 0.0
Angle of Inclination [°]
-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120
Angle of Inclination [°]
Figure 7. Thermal performance of 4mm OD, 200mm Length
heat pipes with different wick structures at different Figure 9. ∆Tint of 6mm OD, 200mm of groove heat pipe at
inclination angles. Heat load of 5 Watts. different inclination angles.
between +90° and +30°, there are slight variations between 35.0 15W
the temperature difference from the evaporator s to the 20W
30.0
condenser as the power increases. At power range of 5W to 25W
10W, the temperature differential across the evaporator 25.0
30W
section and condenser section for metal powder wick 20.0
35W
structure remain flat throughout the 180° sweep. As 15.0
presented in the charts, the groove heat pipe is the best heat
10.0
transporter closely followed by mesh and metal powder wick
structures at inclination angles ranging from +90° to 0° (i.e. 5.0
gravity assisted to horizontal orientation) However, the 0.0
sintered powder metal heat pipe performs significantly better -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120
in the gravity opposed orientations (inclination angles from 0 Angle of Inclination [°]
to –90)
Figure 10. ∆Tint of 6mm OD, 200mm of metal powder heat
pipe at different inclination angles.
50.0
5W 4.2. Increase in Ambient Temperature
45.0
10W Figures 11, 12 and 13 show the temperature
(interface to interface) [°C]
35.0 20W temperature of 35°C, 45°C and 55°C for the metal powder
25W
30.0 30W wick structure heat pipe. It can be seen that as the ambient
35W temperature increases, the temperature differential between
25.0
the evaporator and condenser decreases. This suggests that
20.0 the heat pipe is more efficient in heat transport at higher
15.0 ambient temperature. As shown in the figures, the rise in
10.0 ambient temperature significantly affects the heat transport
capability at higher heat loads.
5.0
0.0
-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120
Angle of Inclination [°]
Temperature Differential
30.0 15W 30.0
15W
25.0 20W 25.0 20W
25W 25W
20.0 30W 20.0 30W
15.0 15.0
10.0 10.0
5.0 5.0
0.0 0.0
-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120
Angle of Inclination [°] Angle of Inclination [°]
Figure 11. ∆Tint of 6mm OD, 200mm of metal powder heat Figure 13. ∆Tint of 6mm OD, 200mm of metal powder heat
pipe at ambient of 35°C for different inclination angles. pipe at ambient of 55°C for different inclination angles.
40.0 5. Conclusions
35.0 5W The heat pipes orientation test produced the following:
(interface to interface) [°C]
10W
Temperature Differential