Owner’s Handbook

Instruktieboekje
Manuel du Conducteur
Betriebsanleitung
Manuale di Istruzioni
Manual del Conductor
Manual do Proprietário
 CONTENTS

SECTION 1 Introduction .......................................................... 1

SECTION 2 Controls & instruments ........................................ 7
SECTION 3 Driving & operating ............................................. 49
SECTION 4 Owner maintenance ............................................. 81
SECTION 5 Workshop maintenance ........................................ 123
SECTION 6 General data ......................................................... 157
SECTION 7 Parts & accessories ............................................... 173
SECTION 8 Off-road driving .................................................... 177
Index ..................................................................... 189
In-car entertainment
Forecourt data card

As part of the Land Rover environmental policy, this publication is printed on paper
made from elemental chlorine free pulp.

Publication No. LRL 0151ENG

 1997 Rover Group Limited

OWNER’S HANDBOOK
This handbook covers all current versions of
Land Rover Defender petrol and diesel models
and, together with the Service Portfolio book,
provides all the information you need to derive
maximum pleasure from owning and driving
your new vehicle.
For convenience, the handbook is divided into
sections, each dealing with a particular aspect
of driving or caring for the vehicle. Sections
are listed on the contents page; you will find it
worthwhile to take a little time to read each
one, and to get to know your Defender as
soon as you possibly can. Remember, the
more you understand before you drive, the
greater the satisfaction when you are seated
behind the steering wheel.
The specification of each vehicle will vary
according to territorial requirements and
also from model to model within the vehicle
range. Some of the information published in
this handbook, therefore, may not apply to
your particular vehicle.
1
SECTION 1
Introduction
Section Contents Page
Service portfolio .......................................... 3
Warning labels ............................................. 3
Vehicle identification number ....................... 4
Anti-theft precautions .................................. 4
Breakdown safety code ................................ 5
Land Rover operates a policy of
constant product improvement and,
therefore, reserves the right to change
specifications without notice at any
time. Whilst every effort is made to
ensure complete accuracy of the
information in this handbook, no
liabilities for inaccuracies or the
consequences thereof can be accepted
by the manufacturer or the dealer,
except in respect of personal injury
caused by the negligence of the
manufacturer or the dealer.
All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted, in
any form, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or other
means without prior written permission
from Rover Group Limited.
2
 Introduction
SERVICE PORTFOLIO
The Service Portfolio book included in your
literature pack contains important vehicle
identification information and details of your
entitlement under the terms of the Land Rover
warranty.
Most important of all, however, is the section
on maintenance. This outlines the servicing
requirements for your vehicle and also
includes the 1500 km (1,000 mile) Free
Service Voucher, as well as incorporating the
service record slips, which the dealer should
sign and stamp to certify that routine services
have been carried out at the recommended
intervals.
WARNING
Safety warnings are included in this
handbook. These indicate either a procedure
which must be followed precisely, or
information that should be considered with
great care in order to avoid the possibility of
personal injury or serious damage to the
vehicle.
3
WARNING LABELS ATTACHED TO THE
VEHICLE
Warning labels attached to
your vehicle bearing this
symbol mean: DO NOT touch
or adjust components until you have read
the relevant instructions in the handbook.
Warning labels showing this
symbol indicate that the
ignition system utilises very
high voltages. DO NOT touch any ignition
components while the starter switch is
turned on!
WARNING
Your vehicle has a higher ground clearance
and, therefore, a higher centre of gravity
than ordinary passenger cars. This will
result in different handling characteristics.
Inexperienced drivers should take additional
care, particularly in off-road driving
situations and when performing abrupt
manoeuvres on unstable surfaces.
 Introduction
VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN)
If you need to communicate with a Land
Rover dealer, you may be asked to quote the
Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).
The VIN and recommended maximum vehicle
weights (dependent on market) is stamped on
a plate riveted to the top of the brake pedal
box in the engine compartment (this should
also match the VIN recorded in the Service
Porfolio book). The VIN is also stamped on
the right-hand side of the chassis, forward of
the spring mounting turret.
In addition, as a deterrent to car thieves and to
assist the police, the VIN is also stamped on a
plate visible through the left side of the
windscreen.
A. Type approval
B. Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
C. Gross vehicle weight (where required)
D. Gross train weight (where required)
E. Maximum front axle load (where required)
F. Maximum rear axle load (where required)
NOTE: In the interests of safety, it is essential
that the gross vehicle weight, gross train
weight and axle loads are NOT exceeded. For
further information see ’General data’.
4
ANTI-THEFT PRECAUTIONS
While it may be difficult to deter the
’professional’ car thief, the majority of thefts
are carried out by unskilled opportunists.
Therefore, take vehicle security very seriously
and ALWAYS adopt this simple ’five point’
drill whenever you leave your vehicle - even
for just a few minutes:
• Fully close all the windows (and the
sunroof).
• Remove your valuable belongings (or hide
them out of sight).
• Remove the starter key.
• Engage the steering lock (by slightly
turning the wheel until it locks).
• Lock all the doors.
Thieves are attracted to ’vulnerable’ vehicles.
Even if you have followed the ’five point’ drill,
there is still much you can do to make your
vehicle a less inviting target.
BE SAFE NOT SORRY!
• Park where your vehicle can easily be seen
by householders and passers-by.
• At night, park in well lit areas and avoid
deserted or dimly lit side streets.
• At home, if you have a garage, use it - and
NEVER leave the keys in the vehicle.
• Do not keep important vehicle documents
(or spare keys) in the vehicle - these are a
real bonus for the thief.
 Introduction

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Remember the breakdown

safety code
If a breakdown occurs while travelling:-
• Wherever possible, consistent with
road safety and traffic conditions,
the vehicle should be moved off the
main thoroughfare, preferably into a
lay-by. If a breakdown occurs on a
motorway, pull well over to the
inside of the hard shoulder.
• Switch on hazard lights.
• If possible, position a warning
triangle or a flashing amber light at
an appropriate distance from the
vehicle to warn other traffic of the
breakdown (note the legal
requirements of some countries).
• Consider evacuating passengers
through nearside doors onto the
verge as a precaution in case your
Defender is struck by another
vehicle.

5
6

In this section of the handbook you will find
descriptions of the controls and instruments
on your vehicle.
For your own safety, it is most important to
read this section fully and to gain a thorough
understanding of all the controls before
driving.
7
SECTION 2
Controls & instruments
Section Contents Page
Controls ....................................................... 9
Locks & alarm ........................................... 11
Seats ......................................................... 21
Seat belts ................................................... 24
Instruments ............................................... 28
Warning lights ........................................... 29
Lights & indicators .................................... 32
Wipers & washers ..................................... 34
Switches .................................................... 36
Windows ................................................... 38
Sunroof ..................................................... 39
Heating & ventilation ................................. 40
Air conditioning ......................................... 43
Interior equipment ..................................... 47
Steps ......................................................... 48
8
 Controls

Right hand steering

1. Ventilator control 13. Hand throttle - if fitted

2. Rear screen wash/wipe switch 14. Headlight adjuster

3. Radio/cassette player 15. Main gear lever

4. Ashtray 16. Transfer gear lever

5. Cigar lighter 17. Handbrake

6. Bonnet release handle 18. Main lighting switch

7. Ventilator control 19. Clutch pedal

8. Heater fan control 20. Brake pedal

9. Lighting, direction indicators and horn 21. Accelerator pedal

control 22. Rear fog guard lights, heated rear window
10. Instrument and warning light pack and hazard warning light switches

11. Clock 23. Windscreen wash/wipe control

12. Heater controls

NOTE: The precise specification and location of controls may vary according to territorial
requirements and from model to model within the vehicle ranges.

9
 Controls

Left hand steering

1. Ventilator control 12. Heater controls

2. Rear screen wash/wipe switch 13. Hand throttle - if fitted
3. Radio/cassette player 14. Main gear lever
4. Ashtray 15. Transfer gear lever
5. Cigar lighter 16. Handbrake
6. Bonnet release handle 17. Main lighting switch
7. Ventilator control 18. Clutch pedal
8. Heater fan control 19. Brake pedal
9. Lighting, direction indicators and horn 20. Accelerator pedal
control 21. Windscreen wash/wipe control
10. Instrument and warning light pack 22. Headlight adjuster - if fitted
11. Clock

NOTE: The precise specification and location of controls may vary according to territorial
requirements and from model to model within the vehicle ranges.

10
 Locks & Alarm

Front door locks

From outside the vehicle, the door locks can
ONLY be operated with the key. Turn the key
towards the rear to lock and towards the front
to unlock.

Door sill locking buttons

From inside the vehicle, each door can be
individually locked by depressing the
KEYS appropriate sill locking button.
You have been supplied with two sets of keys,
comprising: WARNING

• a black key for operating the starter DO NOT depress the sill buttons as a means
switch. of locking the doors from outside the vehicle
(this practice - known as ’slam locking’ - is
• a plain, metal, key for operating the door
NOT recommended, because keys can be
locks and fuel filler cap.
locked inside accidentally).
Key numbers
The starter key number is stamped on a tag
attached to the key ring. Both key numbers
should be entered on the Security Information
card.

WARNING
For safety, remove the Security Information
card from the literature pack and keep it
with the key tag, and spare keys in a safe
place - AWAY FROM THE VEHICLE!

11
 Locks & Alarm

Taildoor
(if fitted)
From outside, use the door key to lock and
unlock the taildoor. From inside and with the
Child-proof locks door closed, push the locking button up to
(110 Station wagon) lock and down to unlock (as illustration).

Move the locking levers down to engage the

child-proof locks (see illustration).
With the locks engaged, the rear doors cannot
be opened from inside the vehicle, thereby
reducing the risk of a door being opened
accidentally while the vehicle is moving.

12
 Locks & Alarm

ALARM SYSTEM
Your vehicle is fitted with a sophisticated
anti-theft alarm and engine immobilisation
system. In order to combine maximum vehicle
security with minimum inconvenience, you are
advised to gain a full understanding of the
alarm system by thoroughly reading this
section of the handbook.

Features of the alarm system

Perimeter protection: This part of the alarm
system protects the doors, bonnet and
taildoor against unauthorised entry - the alarm
sounding if any one of these apertures is
opened without the alarm first being
disarmed.
Interior protection: Also known as volumetric
protection, this part of the system protects the
space inside the vehicle. If movement within
the passenger compartment, or intrusions
through the windows or sunroof are detected,
the alarm will sound.
Engine immobilisation: The engine is
immobilised electronically whenever the alarm
system is armed. Even if the alarm has not
been armed, engine immobilisation will occur
automatically thirty seconds after the driver’s
door is opened, or five minutes after the
starter switch is turned to position ’0’.
In practice, this means it is virtually
impossible to leave your Defender unattended
without the engine being immobilised.
ARMING THE ALARM
WARNING
If a passenger or animal is to be left inside
the vehicle, or if a window or sunroof is to
be left open, interior protection must be
disabled. Refer to ’Interior protection’
before arming the alarm.
To arm the alarm, aim the handset at the
Defender and press the right hand button
(PADLOCK SYMBOL). Provided all the doors
and other apertures are closed, the direction
indicator lights will flash three times to
confirm that the alarm is armed. All the
security features described previously will be
active.
Once armed, the alarm will sound if a door or
the bonnet is opened, or if movement is
detected inside the vehicle.

13
 Locks & Alarm

Disarming the alarm

Within range of the vehicle, briefly press the
left (PLAIN) button on the handset; the
direction indicator lights will flash once to
indicate that the alarm has been disarmed and
the engine re-mobilised.

NOTE: In some territories, the interior lights

will illuminate when the alarm is disarmed.
If the direction indicators fail to flash when
the alarm is armed:
This indicates that a door or the bonnet is not
fully closed, in which case the alarm will still
be partially armed and the engine
immobilised, but interior protection will not be
active.
Once the open door or bonnet is closed, the
direction indicators will flash three times and
the alarm will fully arm as described
previously.
If the alarm sounds:
The vehicle horn and alarm siren will sound
continuously for 30 seconds and then switch
off. The horn and siren can be triggered up to
three times.
To silence the alarm, press either handset
button. If the handset is inoperative, the alarm
can only be disarmed by entering the
emergency key access code (see ’Engine
immobilisation override’).
Anti-theft alarm indicator light
A RED indicator light on the instrument panel
indicates the status of the alarm system.
When the alarm is armed successfully, the
light FLASHES rapidly. After 10 seconds, the
light adjusts to a slower frequency, and
continues flashing as an anti-theft deterrent
until the alarm is disarmed.
If the light fails to illuminate during the rapid
flash phase, this indicates a ’mislock’ (door or
bonnet not fully closed or key in starter
switch). If this occurs, the indicator light will
still flash at the slower frequency as an
anti-theft deterrent.
If the light illuminates continuously, this
indicates that the engine has immobilised
passively (see ’Engine immobilisation’).

14
 Locks & Alarm
Interior protection
Interior protection is activated automatically
when the alarm system is armed; twin sensors
inside the vehicle monitor the interior space
and will activate the alarm if an intrusion is
detected.
However, if passengers or animals are to be
left inside the vehicle, or if a window or
sunroof is to be left open, the alarm must be
armed with interior protection DISABLED as
follows:
To disable interior protection:
1. Open the driver’s door.
2. With the driver’s door open, use the
handset to arm the alarm in the normal way.
3. Close the driver’s door (the direction
indicator lights flash three times and the
anti-theft indicator light commences flashing
rapidly). The alarm system is now armed with
interior protection disabled.
WARNING
If the vehicle is to be left with windows or
sunroof open, or with passengers or animals
inside, the interior protection MUST BE
DISABLED, as described above.
NOTE: Interior protection will not operate for
the first 15 seconds after the alarm is set.
15
ENGINE IMMOBILISATION
Engine immobilisation is an important aspect
of the vehicle’s security system, and occurs
automatically whenever the alarm system is
armed.
The system also includes a feature known as
’passive immobilisation’, which is designed to
safeguard the vehicle from theft should the
driver forget to lock the doors or arm the
alarm.
Passive immobilisation occurs automatically:
• thirty seconds after the starter switch has
been turned off AND the driver’s door
opened.
• five minutes after the starter switch is
turned off or the alarm system is
disarmed.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
The engine immobilisation system relies
on the handset to re-mobilise the engine.
Look after the handsets at all times,
protecting them from loss, damage and
battery discharge.
If the engine has immobilised passively,
re-mobilisation will occur when the
starter switch is turned to position ’II’,
provided the handset is on the same ring
as the key and in close proximity to the
switch.
• ALWAYS keep the handset on the
same ring as the key.
• NEVER attach both handsets to the
SAME key ring.
Any attempt to start the engine while it is
immobilised will cause the engine
immobilisation warning light (on the left
of the warning light panel) to flash.
 Locks & Alarm
Engine immobilisation override
If the handset is lost or fails to operate, engine
immobilisation can be overridden by using the
starter key to enter the four digit emergency
key access code (this code is recorded on the
Security Information card). The procedure for
entering the code is described below.
Before entering the code, note the following:
If your handset is lost or inoperative, it is
impossible to disarm the alarm. As soon as
the door is opened, the alarm will sound
(continuously for up to three 30 second
periods), and continue while the code is being
entered. Remove the handset from the key
ring and keep the handset well away from the
starter switch when entering the code.
1. With the driver’s door closed, insert the key
into the starter switch, turn to position ’II’ and
hold in this position for 5 seconds. Then
switch off, and open and close the driver’s
door.
16
2. Turn the switch to position ’II’ the required
number of times to enter the first digit of the
code (if the first digit is 4, turn the key to
position ’II’ and then back to ’0’ four times).
3. Open the driver’s door (to enter the first
digit) and then close the door again.
4. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ and
back to ’0’ the required number of times to
enter the SECOND digit of the code.
5. Open the driver’s door (to enter the second
digit) and then close the door again.
6. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ and
back to ’0’ the required number of times to
enter the THIRD digit of the code.
7. Open the driver’s door (to enter the third
digit) and then close the door again.
8. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ and
back to ’0’ the required number of times to
enter the FOURTH digit of the code.
9. Finally, OPEN and CLOSE the driver’s door.
If the code has been entered correctly, the
anti-theft indicator light will extinguish and the
engine can be started.
 Locks & Alarm

If an incorrect code has been entered:

If the code is entered incorrectly, the anti-theft
indicator light will continue to illuminate and
the engine will fail to start. Before entering the
code again, turn the starter switch to position
’II’ and hold in this position for 5 seconds.
After three failed attempts, the security
system invokes a delay period of thirty
minutes during which the system will not
accept any further codes.

WARNING
• NEVER leave the Security Information
card in the vehicle.
• Memorise the emergency key access
code or keep the Security Information
card on your person in case of
emergencies.

17
 Locks & Alarm

IMPORTANT INFORMATION
• BEFORE replacing a handset battery,
disarm the alarm and unlock the
doors.
• DO NOT remove an expired battery
until you are ready to install the
replacement.
• The engine will immobilise five
minutes after the key is removed
from the starter switch. If handset
battery replacement is NOT
completed within this period, the
emergency key access code will
have to be entered before the
handset can be synchronised.

The handset battery should last for

approximately three years dependent upon
use. When the battery needs replacing it will
be apparent from the following symptoms:
• The handset will only work every other
operation while disarming.
HANDSET BATTERY • The direction indicator lights will not flash
when the alarm is disarmed.

18
 Locks & Alarm
Always fit a Land Rover STC4080 or a
Panasonic CR2032 replacement battery
(available from a Land Rover dealer) and
adopt the following replacement procedure:
1) Unlock the vehicle and disarm the alarm
system.
2) Turn the starter switch to position ’II’, then
turn to position ’0’ and remove the key.
3) Carefully prise the handset apart, start from
the keyring end using a coin or small
screwdriver. Avoid damaging the seal between
the two halves of the case and DO NOT allow
dirt or moisture to get inside the handset.
4) Slide the battery out of its clip, taking care
to avoid touching the circuit board or the
contact surfaces of the clip.
5) Press and hold one of the buttons for at
least five seconds (this will drain any residual
power from the handset).
19
6) Fit the new battery, ensuring that correct
polarity is maintained (positive (’+’) side
facing up). Finger marks will adversely affect
battery life; if possible, avoid touching the flat
surfaces of the battery and wipe them clean
before fitting.
7) Reassemble the two halves of the handset,
then operate the PADLOCK symbol button at
least four times within range of the vehicle to
resynchronise the handset.
The handset is now ready for use.
WARNING
The handset contains delicate electronic
circuits and must be protected from impact
and water damage, high temperatures and
humidity, direct sunlight and the effects of
solvents, waxes and abrasive cleaners.
 Locks & Alarm

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Battery disconnection
Your vehicle is equipped with a battery backed-up sounder, which operates as an anti-theft
siren if the vehicle battery is disconnected.
Before disconnecting the vehicle battery, it is ESSENTIAL to refer to ’Battery removal and
replacement’ in Section 4, in order to prevent the alarm from sounding.
If the vehicle battery is disconnected for any reason, the status of the security system prior to
disconnection will be memorised and automatically reset when the battery is reconnected.

ALARM OR HANDSET DIFFICULTIES

Alarm goes off unexpectedly. (a) Ensure all windows and sunroof are closed.
(b) Disable interior space protection.

Alarm goes off when door opened. Disarm the alarm with the handset before
unlocking. If the handset has failed, enter the
emergency key access code (refer to ’Engine
immobilisation override’).

Starter will not operate. Ensure handset is on same ring as starter key. If
it still will not operate, consult a Land Rover
dealer.

Direction indicator lights don’t flash A door or bonnet is partially open.

when alarm is armed.

20
 Seats

FRONT SEAT ADJUSTMENT

WARNING
To avoid the risk of loss of control and
personal injury, never adjust the driver’s
seat or seatback while the vehicle is in
motion.

Forward/backward movement
Lift the bar at the front of the seat base to
slide the seat forward or back. Ensure the seat
is locked in position before driving.

Backrest movement
Lift the lever and lean backwards or forwards
to achieve the desired angle, then lower the
lever to lock.

WARNING
DO NOT allow front seat occupants to travel
with the seat backs reclined steeply
rearwards. Optimum benefit is obtained
from the seat belt with the seat back angle
set to 25 degrees from the upright (vertical)
position.

21
Seats

FOLDING THE REAR SEATS - (if fitted)

Before folding the rear seats;
• Slide the front seats forward.
• Ensure that the outer rear seat belts are
correctly stowed in their belt clips.
• Pass the seat belt locks through the
junction of the backrest and the cushion
and into the loadspace.

Individually split rear seats

NOTE: The two outer seats must be folded

first, thereby releasing the centre seat.

Outer seats;
1. Release the catch (see first inset).
2. Fold the backrest forward.
3. Slide back the bolt (see second inset).
4. Lift and fold the seat base forwards.

Centre seat;
5. Release the catch - as (1).
6. Fold the backrest forward.
7. Lift and fold the seat base forwards.
When returning the backrest to the upright
position, ensure it is securely latched in place
before driving.

WARNING
DO NOT adjust the seats while the vehicle is
in motion.
When the seat is erected, the latching
mechanism should be visually checked and
physically tested to ensure that the latch is
secure before driving.

22
Seats

60/40 split rear seats

1. Pull up the release catch.
2. Fold the backrest forward.
3. Lift and fold the seat base forward.
4. Fold away the seat stand.

WARNING
DO NOT adjust the seats while the vehicle is
in motion.
When re-erecting the seats, ensure that the
seat stands are properly positioned.
When the seat is erected, the latching
mechanism should be visually checked and
physically tested to ensure that the latch is
secure before driving.

23
 Seat belts

SEAT BELT SAFETY • DO NOT fit more than one person into a
Seat belts are life saving equipment. belt, or fit a seat belt that is twisted or
In a collision, unrestrained passengers can be obstructed in any way that could impede
thrown around inside the vehicle, or possibly its smooth operation.
thrown out of the vehicle, resulting in injury to • DO NOT allow foreign matter (particularly
themselves and to other occupants. DO NOT sugary food and drink particles) to enter
take chances with safety! the seat belt locks - such substances can
• DO make sure ALL passengers are render the locks inoperative.
securely strapped in at all times - even for
the shortest journeys. WARNING
• ALWAYS adjust seat belts to eliminate any Pregnant women should ask a doctor for
slack in the webbing, and to ensure that advice about the safest way to wear seat
the diagonal belt passes across the belts.
shoulder without slipping off or pressing
on the neck.
• ALWAYS fit the lap strap as low on the
hips as possible (never across the
abdomen).
• DO have seat belts checked if the vehicle
has been involved in an accident.
• DO NOT allow front seat occupants to
travel with the seat backs reclined steeply
rearwards. Optimum benefit is obtained
from the seat belt with the seat back angle
set to 25 degrees from the upright
(vertical) position.

24
 Seat belts

Lap belts
To adjust, pull the slider along the belt and
feed the webbing through the buckle until the
belt is comfortably tight. When not in use, the
WARNING lap belts should be fastened.

At all times, occupants should wear a seat

belt for their protection in the event of a
collision or sudden stop. In some
circumstances, perhaps due to the vehicle
being on a slope, the automatic locking
mechanism may engage, preventing the
initial extension of the belt. This is not a
fault - ease the belt free and use it.

Fastening the inertia reel belts

Draw the belt over the shoulder and across
the chest, and insert the metal tongue plate
into the lock nearest the wearer - a ’click’
indicates that the belt is securely locked.
Seat belts are designed to bear upon the bony
structure of the body (pelvis, chest and
shoulders) and can only be worn safely with
the webbing crossing the shoulder MIDWAY
BETWEEN THE NECK AND THE EDGE OF THE
SHOULDER and with the seats in a normal
UPRIGHT position - DO NOT allow the front
passenger to travel with the seat steeply
reclined.

25
 Seat belts
Infant and child restraints
All infant and child restraint systems are
designed to be secured in vehicle seats by
means of a lap belt or the lap portion of a
lap/shoulder belt.
When installing and using any infant or child
restraint system, always follow the
instructions provided by the manufacturer
concerning installation and use. Failure to
properly secure the child restraint system in
the vehicle can endanger the child in a
collision or sudden stop and cause injury to
other passengers.
Centre and inward facing seats are fitted with
lap belts which can be manually tightened to
secure an infant or child restraint system.
Older children should use the lap/shoulder
belt fitted to the outer rear seating positions.
Never leave a child unattended in your
vehicle.
26
WARNING
Infants and children too small for seat belts
should be restrained in a child safety seat or
restraint system, appropriate to their age
and/or size, and which is approved for use
in your vehicle. Always ensure that the
manufacturer’s fitting instructions are
followed exactly.
• DO NOT allow a baby or infant to be
carried on the lap. The force of a crash
can increase the effective body weight
by as much as 30 times, making it
impossible to hold on to the child.
• DO NOT use a child seat that ’hooks’
over a seatback, it is not secure!
• Accident statistics show that children are
safer when properly restrained in the
rear seating positions than in the front.
However, if a forward facing child seat
suitable for the size of child is available
and it is necessary for a child to travel in
the front, set the seat fully rearwards
and use an approved FORWARD FACING
child seat - DO NOT INSTALL
REARWARD FACING CHILD SEATS IN
ANY FRONT PASSENGER SEAT
POSITION.
 Seat belts
Caring for seat belts
Regularly inspect the belt webbing for signs of
wear, paying particular attention to the fixing
points and adjusters. Always replace a seat
belt that has withstood the strain of an impact
or shows signs of fraying.
DO NOT bleach or dye the webbing. Clean the
webbing using warm water and non-detergent
soap only - allow to dry naturally and DO NOT
retract the belt until completely dry.
27
Testing inertia reel belts
From time to time carry out the following
tests:
1. With the seat belt fastened, give the
webbing near the buckle a quick upward
pull. The buckle must remain securely
locked.
2. With the seat belt unfastened, unreel the
webbing to the limit of its travel. Check
that unreeling is free from snatches and
snags.
3. With the webbing half unreeled, hold the
tongue plate and give it a quick forward
pull. The safety mechanism must lock
automatically and prevent any further
unreeling.
 Instruments

1. Speedometer 7. Clock
Indicates road speed in miles and/or To adjust the time, depress and rotate the
kilometres per hour. button in the centre of the clock face.
2. Total distance recorder NOTE: The clock will need to be reset if the
Indicates the total distance travelled by the battery has been disconnected.
vehicle.
8. Warning lights
3. Trip recorder The specification of the warning lights will
Records individual journey distances. vary according to model and market
4. Trip recorder reset button requirements (see ’Warning lights’).
Press to return trip recorder to zero. 9. Anti-theft alarm indicator light
5. Fuel gauge Indicates the status of the alarm system (see
The pointer indicates the fuel level when the ’Locks & alarm’).
starter switch is turned to position ’II’.
6. Temperature gauge
Once the engine coolant has reached its
normal operating temperature, the pointer
should remain between the ’C’ (cold) and
’H’ (hot) segments. If the pointer enters the
’H’ segment, stop the vehicle as soon as
safety permits and seek qualified assistance
before continuing.

28
 Warning lights
The warning lights are colour coded as
follows:
RED lights are warnings.
WARNING
DO NOT drive if a RED warning light remains
on once the engine is running or illuminates
whilst driving.
GREEN & BLUE lights indicate that a unit is
operating.
AMBER lights show that a unit is operating
and should be switched off (or rectified) as
soon as conditions allow.
Low engine oil pressure - RED
Illuminates as a bulb check
when the starter switch is
turned to position ’II’ and extinguishes when
the engine is running. If it remains on, or
illuminates whilst driving, STOP THE VEHICLE
as soon as safety permits and seek qualified
assistance before continuing. Always check oil
levels when this light illuminates.
NOTE: At very low ambient temperatures, the
light may take several seconds to extinguish.
29
Battery charging - RED
Illuminates as a bulb check
when the starter switch is
turned to position ’II’ and extinguishes when
the engine is running. If it remains on, or
illuminates whilst driving, a fault is indicated.
Seek qualified assistance urgently.
Brake system check - RED
Illuminates as a bulb check
when the starter switch is
turned to position ’II’ and extinguishes when
the engine is running and the handbrake is
released. If it remains on, or illuminates whilst
driving, a fault with the braking system is
indicated. STOP THE VEHICLE as soon as
safety permits and seek qualified assistance
before continuing.
WARNING
DO NOT drive the vehicle while the brake
warning light is illuminated.
 Warning lights
Direction indicators - GREEN
Flashes in conjunction with the
direction indicators. If the light
does not illuminate, this may indicate a bulb
failure in the warning light pack or in one of
the direction indicator lights.
Headlight main beam - BLUE
Illuminates whenever the main
beam headlights are on.
Hazard warning lights - RED
Illuminates in conjunction with
the direction indicator warning
lights, when the hazard warning lights are
operated.
Differential lock - AMBER
Illuminates whenever the
differential lock is engaged.
If the light remains on after the differential
lock is disengaged, transmission ’wind up’
may be present. Reversing for a short
distance and then going forward will usually
’unwind’ the transmission. If the light remains
on, contact your dealer as soon as possible.
Heated rear screen - AMBER
Illuminates when the rear
screen heater is operating.
Engine immobilisation - RED
Flashes during any attempt to
start the engine when the
engine is immobilised.
30
Trailer direction indicators -
GREEN
Flashes in conjunction with the
vehicle direction indicator lights to show that
all trailer indicator lights are functioning
correctly. In the event of a bulb failure on the
trailer, the warning light flashes once and then
remains off.
NOTE: When a trailer is not fitted, the
warning light will only flash once.
Sidelights - GREEN
Illuminates whenever the
sidelights are on.
Rear fog guard lights - AMBER
Illuminates whenever the rear
fog guard lights are on.
REMEMBER: In clear conditions, rear fog
guard lights can dazzle other road users. Use
ONLY when visibility is severely restricted.
Glow plugs - AMBER
(diesels only)
Illuminates whenever the
starter switch is turned to position ’II’ if the
engine is cold. WAIT for the light to extinguish
before starting the engine.
 Warning lights

Handbrake - RED (if fitted)

In some markets, the light
illuminates when the starter
switch is turned to position ’II’ and the
handbrake is applied. The light should
extinguish when the handbrake is fully
released.If the light remains on or illuminates
while driving, seek qualified assistance before
continuing.
Seat belt warning - RED
(if fitted)
In some markets, if the driver’s
seat is occupied, the light illuminates when
the starter switch is turned to position ’II’. The
light extinguishes as soon as the driver’s seat
belt is fastened. ALWAYS fasten your seat belt
BEFORE driving!

Transmission oil temperature

- RED
(if fitted)
Illuminates when gearbox oil temperature is
too high (most likely to occur in very hot
weather, during continuous high speed
driving, when towing heavy loads on steep
inclines, or if the handbrake has been applied
when driving).
If the light illuminates, reduce speed. If the
light remains on, stop the vehicle and do not
drive until it has extinguished.

31
Lights & indicators

Direction indicators
Move the lever DOWN to indicate a LEFT turn,
and UP to indicate a RIGHT turn (the GREEN
warning light on the instrument panel will
flash in time with the direction indicators).
Hold the lever part-way up or down against
spring pressure to indicate a lane change.
Main light switch
Lever position;
• Static - all lights off
• First position - side, tail and instrument
panel lights on (see ’Dim-dip’ headlights)
• Second position - headlights on

Headlight main beam and ’flash’

With the headlights switched on, push the
lever away from the steering wheel to activate
main beam (BLUE warning light illuminates).
To flash the headlights, pull the lever part-way
towards the steering wheel and then release.

Horn
Press end of the lever to operate the horn.

32
Lights & indicators

Headlight levelling (if fitted)

The height of the headlight beams is affected
by the distribution of weight inside the vehicle.
Always ensure your headlights are adjusted so
that the point at which they meet the road
surface ahead of the vehicle provides
adequate illumination, without dazzling other
road users.
The following load conditions should be used
as a guide.
Position ’0’: Driver only, or driver and all front
seats occupied (loadspace empty).
Position ’1’: All seats occupied (loadspace
empty).
Position ’2’: All seats occupied by adults and
loadspace loaded to maximum rear axle
weight.
Position ’3’: Driver only with the loadspace
loaded to maximum rear axle weight.

NOTE: The maximum rear axle weight can be

found in the ’General data’ section.
Vehicles fitted with front seats only:
Positions ’1’ and ’2’ should only be used when
required, according to the distribution and
weight of the load being carried.

33
 Wipers & washers

WARNING
To prevent possible overload damage to the
linkage or the wiper motors in either
freezing or extremely hot conditions, care
must be taken to ensure that the wiper
blades are not adhering to the glass before
operating the wipers.

WINDSCREEN WIPERS

• Single wipe
Push the lever up against spring pressure
and release immediately.

NOTE: With the lever held up, the wipers will

continue operating at slow speed until it is
released.

• Intermittent wipe
Pull lever down.
• Normal speed wipe
Push lever up to first position.
• Fast speed wipe
Push lever up to second position.

• Windscreen washer
Press to operate (the wipers will also
operate).

34
 Wipers & washers
Rear window wash/wipe
The rear window wash/wipe only operates
with the starter switch turned to position ’II’.
• Press and hold to operate the washer.
• Rotate clockwise and hold to operate the
wiper for the required duration.
35
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
• DO NOT operate the wipers on a dry
screen.
• In freezing or very hot conditions,
ensure that the blades are not frozen
or stuck to the glass.
• In winter, remove any snow or ice
from around the arms and blades,
including the wiped area of the
windscreen and the heater air
intakes.
NOTE: If the wiper blades have stuck to
the glass, a thermal cut-out may
temporarily prevent the wiper motor from
operating. If this is the case, switch the
wipers off, free them from the
obstruction and then switch on again.
 Switches
Heated rear window (if fitted)
Press the lower portion of the
switch to operate; press the
upper portion to switch off. The
warning light in the instrument panel
illuminates while the heating elements are
switched on and extinguishes when they are
turned off.
NOTE: If the electrical system is being
overloaded a cut-out switch will deactivate the
rear window heater until such time that the
alternator can maintain sufficient charge.
WARNING
DO NOT stick labels over the heating
elements, and DO NOT scrape or use
abrasive materials to clean the inside of the
rear window.
36
Hazard warning lights
Press the lower portion of the
switch to operate (switch
indicator illuminates); all the
direction indicator lights (including those
fitted to a trailer) will flash in conjunction with
each other.
Use ONLY in an emergency to warn other
road users when your stationary vehicle is
causing an obstruction, or is in a hazardous
situation. Switch off by pressing the upper
portion before moving away.
Rear fog guard lights (if fitted)
Press to switch on and off, the
warning light in the instrument
panel illuminates when the fog
lights are on. The rear fog guard lights operate
only when the starter switch is at position ’II’
and when the headlights are switched on.
NOTE: The rear fog guard lights extinguish
automatically when the ignition or the
headlights are switched off and will need to be
reselected manually.
WARNING
The rear fog guard lights can only legally be
used when visibility is severely restricted -
other road users could be dazzled in clear
conditions.
 Switches

Fuel tank changeover switch

(if fitted)
On vehicles fitted with an additional (optional)
fuel tank, the fuel supply can be switched
between tanks as follows;

Petrol engines:
The switch (1) is located under the dashboard
below the instrument panel. Press the lower
portion of the switch to select Tank 1 and the
upper portion to select Tank 2.
Diesel engines:
The combined changeover tap and switch is
located on the heelboard. Pull the lever up to
the vertical position to select the Main fuel
tank and push the lever down to the horizontal
position to select the Side tank.
NOTE: The fuel gauge on the instrument
panel will indicate the fuel level of the selected
tank.

37
 Windows

WINDOWS
Front/rear windows;
Raise or lower the window by rotating the
handle mounted on the door trim pad.

Sliding rear windows; (if fitted)

To open, press the catch tongues together,
slide the window to the desired position and
release the catch, ensuring that it locates
securely in the sockets, locking the window in
position.

38
 Sunroof

Remove the sunroof by tilting upwards and

lifting rearwards to disengage the locating
SUNROOF (if fitted) lugs.
The sunroof can be opened to varying degrees
or, if required, can be removed completely. WARNING
DO NOT store the sunroof loose in the
To OPEN the roof:
vehicle.
Turn the hand wheel anti-clockwise to give the
desired opening. DO NOT allow passengers to extend any part
of their bodies through the sunroof while the
To CLOSE the roof:
vehicle is moving.
Turn the hand wheel clockwise until resistance
is felt. DO NOT remove the sunroof whilst the
vehicle is moving.
To REMOVE the roof:

Refit the sunroof by following the same

procedure in reverse.

Open the sunroof fully and push the catch (1)

rearwards to disengage the hand wheel
mechanism.

39
 Heating & ventilation

Fresh air vents

To open the two vents in the windscreen
frame, push the lever to the right and then
downwards to the desired position and
release.
The temperature of air supplied to the fresh air
vents is not controlled by the heater.

NOTE: For vehicles fitted with an air conditioning system, the location and operation of air vents is
described on a later page (see ’Air conditioning’).

40
 Heating & ventilation

HEATER CONTROLS

NOTE: For vehicles fitted with an air 3. Fan speed control

conditioning system, the heater controls are • Lever at position ’0’ - no air will enter the
described on a later page (see ’Air vehicle through the blower vents.
conditioning’).
• Lever between positions ’0’ and’1’ -
1. Temperature control progressively more air will enter the
Move the lever downwards (towards the vehicle, depending solely on the ram effect
RED segment) to increase air temperature, of the vehicle moving through the air.
or upwards (towards the BLUE segment)
• Lever between positions ’1’ and ’2’ - the
to reduce air temperature.
fan will operate and progressively increase
in speed.
2. Air distribution control
• Lever fully up - windscreen vents only.
• Lever midway - foot level and windscreen
vents.
• Lever fully down - foot level vents (also
provides some air to the windscreen).

41
 Heating & ventilation
USING YOUR HEATER
Ensure the front grille and the air intake grille
on the front wing are kept clear of
obstructions (especially snow and ice).
The following examples of basic heater
settings are intended as a general guide; the
air distribution, temperature and blower
controls can then be further adjusted to suit
your comfort requirements.
Always remember that full heating is not
available until the engine has reached its
normal operating temperature.
Maximum heating
• Temperature control - fully down.
• Distribution control - midway.
• Fan speed control - fully down.
• Fresh air vents - fully closed.
42
Demisting and defrosting
• Temperature control - fully down.
• Distribution control - fully up.
• Fan speed control - fully down.
• Fresh air vents - fully open for demisting
(closed for defrosting).
• Opening a window may improve
ventilation.
Maximum ventilation
• Temperature control - fully up.
• Distribution control - fully down.
• Fan speed control - fully down.
• Fresh air vents - fully open.
 Air conditioning

Location of air vents - (LH steering illustrated)

2. Air conditioning switch

Press the switch (indicator light
illuminates) to activate the air
conditioning. Press again to switch off.
3. Air recirculation control
Move the lever fully upwards to activate air
recirculation. Move the lever fully
downwards to cancel recirculation.

NOTE: Prolonged recirculation may cause the

windows to mist up.
4. Air distribution control
• Lever fully up - air to windscreen vents
(also provides some air to the footwell).
• Lever midway - air to fascia vents (also
AIR CONDITIONING provides some air to the footwell).
(if fitted) - LH steering
• Lever fully down - air to footwell vents
CONTROLS (also provides some air to the
1. Temperature control windscreen).
Move the lever upwards (RED) to increase 5. Fan speed control
air temperature, or downwards (BLUE) to Move the lever to the right to
reduce air temperature. progressively increase the fan speed.

43
 Air conditioning
Air conditioning (if fitted) - RH steering
CONTROLS
1. Temperature control
Move the lever to the right (RED) to
increase air temperature, or to the left
(BLUE) to reduce air temperature.
2. Air conditioning indicator light
Illuminates when the air conditioning
system is operating.
3. Air conditioning switch
Press the right hand portion of the switch
to activate the air conditioning (indicator
light illuminates). Press the left hand
portion to switch off.
NOTE: Air conditioning should only be
activated when the engine is running.
44
4. Fan speed control
Move the lever upwards to progressively
increase the fan speed.
5. Air distribution controls
• Push left hand button for air to fascia
vents (also provides some air to footwell).
• Push middle button for air to windscreen
vents (also provides some air to footwell).
• Push right hand button for air to footwell
vents (also provides some air to
windscreen).
6. Air recirculation switch
Press the left hand portion of the switch to
activate air recirculation. Press the right
hand portion for fresh air.
NOTE: Prolonged recirculation may cause the
windows to mist up.
 Air conditioning
USING THE AIR CONDITIONING
Air conditioning provides additional cooling to
the vehicle interior and also reduces the
moisture content of the air.
The air conditioning system will only operate
with the fan switched on and the engine
running. It is also important to keep the
windows (and sunroof) closed during
operation.
Operation of the air conditioning system,
places an additional load on the engine which,
in very hot conditions and if the engine is
required to work unusually hard, could result
in high engine temperatures. If the
temperature gauge pointer reaches the RED
zone, turn the air conditioning off until engine
temperature returns to normal.
Air recirculation
The air recirculation mode prevents the
heating system from taking in fresh air from
outside the vehicle. Instead, the air already
inside the vehicle is recirculated, thus
preventing the entry of traffic fumes. In cold
weather, air recirculation also enables warmer
air to be used to defrost the windscreen when
the engine is still cold.
WARNING
The air recirculation mode can cause the
windscreen to mist up. If this happens,
switch off air recirculation immediately.
45
Points to remember:
• If the temperature inside the vehicle is
higher than that outside when you start
the engine, it will take time for the air
conditioning to become fully effective. It is
best to ventilate the vehicle by opening the
windows and operating the fan for a brief
period before switching on the air
conditioning. Remember to close the
windows whenever the air conditioning is
operating.
• Operating the air conditioning takes power
from the engine and consequently
increases fuel consumption.
• All air conditioning systems need to be
operated for a short while every week
(even in winter) to maintain them in peak
condition.
• The air conditioning system will also
dehumidify air. The surplus water
produced by this process is expelled from
the system via drain tubes beneath the
vehicle. This may result in a small pool of
water forming on the road when the
vehicle is stationary and is not a cause for
concern.
• In conditions of high humidity, slight
screen misting may be experienced when
the air conditioning system is turned on.
This is a natural occurence on most
automotive air conditioning systems. It is
not a fault; misting will clear after a few
seconds once the air conditioning system
is operating.
 Air conditioning
The following examples of heater and air
conditioning settings are included for
your guidance:
Maximum heating
• Air conditioning switch - OFF.
• Temperature control - set to RED position.
• Distribution control - set to footwell
position.
• Fan speed control - set to maximum
speed.
• Air recirculation control - set to
recirculation.
Demisting and defrosting
• Air conditioning switch - ON.
• Temperature control - set to RED position.
• Distribution control - set to windscreen
position.
• Fan speed control - set to maximum
speed.
• Air recirculation control - set to fresh air.
Maximum ventilation
• Air conditioning switch - OFF.
• Temperature control - set to BLUE
position.
• Distribution control - set to footwell
position.
• Fan speed control - set to maximum
speed.
• Air recirculation control - set to fresh air.
46
Normal cooling
• Air conditioning switch - ON.
• Temperature control - set to BLUE
position.
• Distribution control - set to fascia position.
• Fan speed control - set to desired speed.
• Air recirculation control - set to fresh air.
Maximum cooling
• Air conditioning switch - ON.
• Temperature control - set to BLUE
position.
• Distribution control - set to fascia position.
• Fan speed control - set to maximum
speed.
• Air recirculation control - set to
recirculation.
Switch off air recirculation when desired
temperature is reached.
Reducing humidity
These settings are suitable for normal driving.
• Air conditioning switch - ON.
• Temperature control - set to midway.
• Distribution control - set to windscreen
position.
• Fan speed control - set to midway.
• Air recirculation control - set to fresh air.
 Interior equipment
INTERIOR LIGHTS
With the switch midway between the ’ON’ and
’OFF’ positions, the light will illuminate
automatically whenever a door is opened and
remain illuminated for approximately 15
seconds after ALL the doors are closed, or
until the starter switch is turned on.
When alighting from the vehicle, the interior
lights will fade and then extinguish as soon as
the last door is closed.
NOTE: Any subsequent opening and shutting
of doors prior to the starter switch being
turned on again, will cause the 15 second
delay feature to operate.
NOTE: If a door remains open for eight
minutes, a ’time-out’ function will extinguish
the lights to avoid discharging the battery.
47
CIGAR LIGHTER
With the starter switch turned to position II,
press the lighter in to heat up. When it has
reached the correct temperature it will partially
eject and can then be withdrawn for use.
• ONLY hold the cigar lighter by the handle.
• DO NOT use the ashtray for disposing of
waste paper or other combustible
materials.
• DO NOT plug accessories into the cigar
lighter socket unless they are approved by
Land Rover.
ASHTRAY
Lift the lid of the ashtray to open. To remove,
carefully prise the ashtray out of the fascia
panel.
Steps

Steps (if fitted)

The steps can be folded up or down as
required.

48
 SECTION 3
Driving & operating

Section Contents Page

Starter switch & steering lock .................... 51
Starting & driving ...................................... 52
Catalytic converter ..................................... 60
Fuel ............................................................ 62
Gearbox & transmission ............................ 64
Brakes ....................................................... 69
Towing & load carrying ............................. 71
Emergency starting .................................... 74
Vehicle recovery ........................................ 76
Ancillary equipment ................................... 78

49
50
 Starter switch & steering lock
To unlock the steering column
Insert the ignition key FULLY and turn the
starter switch to position ’I’, while turning the
steering wheel slightly to disengage the lock.
To lock the steering column
Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and
withdraw the key from the starter switch. Turn
the steering wheel towards the straight ahead
position until the lock engages.
WARNING
DO NOT remove the key or turn the starter
switch to position ’0’ while the vehicle is in
motion. Once the steering lock is engaged,
it is impossible to steer the vehicle.
51
STARTER SWITCH
The starter switch is located to the left of the
steering column, and uses the following
sequence of key positions to operate the
steering lock, electrical circuits and starter
motor.
Position ’0’
Steering locked (if key is removed).
Most lighting circuits are operational,
including: sidelights, headlights, hazard
warning lights and rear fog guard lights.
Position ’I’
Steering unlocked.
Radio/cassette player can be operated.
Position ’II’
All instruments, warning lights and electrical
circuits are operational.
Position ’III’
Starter motor operates.
Release the key immediately the engine starts
(the key will automatically return to position
’II’).
Note that operation of position ’I’ electrical
functions will be interrupted during engine
cranking.
 Starting & driving

STARTING - DIESEL ENGINES In cold weather, or when the battery is in a

WARNING
FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH A
CATALYTIC CONVERTER:
Catalytic converters are easily damaged
through improper use, particularly if the
wrong fuel is used, or if an engine misfire
occurs.
low state of charge, depress the clutch pedal
while starting and hold it down until the
engine is running.
In temperate climates, DO NOT operate the
starter for longer than 10 seconds; if the
engine fails to start, switch off and wait 10
seconds before re-using the starter. Please
note that prolonged use of the starter will not
only discharge the battery but may also
damage the starter motor.

Before starting the engine and driving,

ENSURE you are familiar with the precautions
shown under ’Catalytic converter’ later in this
section.
In particular, you should be aware that
continued use of the starter will result in
unused fuel damaging the catalytic converter.
1. Check that the handbrake is applied and
that the gear lever is in neutral.
2. Switch off all unnecessary electrical
equipment.
3. Insert the starter key and turn the switch
to position ’II’. Wait until the glow plug
warning light extinguishes.

NOTE: When restarting a warm engine, it will

not be necessary to wait for the glow plug
warning light to extinguish.
4. Turn the key to position ’III’ to operate the
starter motor; DO NOT press the
accelerator pedal during starting, and
RELEASE THE KEY as soon as the engine
is running.

NOTE: In temperate climates, the battery

charging and oil pressure warning lights
should extinguish as soon as the engine is
running.

52
 Starting & driving
Cold climates
In very cold climates, the battery charging and
oil pressure warning lights may take several
seconds to extinguish. Similarly, engine
cranking times will also increase; at -30° C the
starter motor may need to be operated
continuously for as long as 30 seconds before
the engine will start. For this reason, ensure
that all non-essential electrical equipment is
switched off.
Warming up
In the interests of fuel economy, it is advisable
to start driving straight away, remembering
that harsh acceleration or labouring the engine
before the normal operating temperature has
been reached can damage the engine.
WARNING
The engine must not be run above fast idle
speed until the oil pressure warning light
extinguishes to ensure that the engine and
turbo-charger bearings are properly
lubricated before being run at speed.
53
WARNING
Exhaust fumes contain poisonous
substances which can cause
unconsciousness and may even be fatal.
• DO NOT inhale exhaust gases.
• DO NOT start or leave the engine running
in an enclosed unventilated area, or
drive with the rear door open.
• DO NOT modify the exhaust system from
the original design.
• DO repair exhaust system or body leaks
immediately.
• If you think exhaust fumes are entering
the vehicle have the cause determined
and corrected immediately.
Switching off
To avoid the possibility of damaging the
turbo-charger bearings through inadequate
lubrication, ALWAYS allow the engine to idle
for 10 seconds before switching off. Turn the
engine off by returning the starter switch to
position ’I’ and then position ’0’ to remove
key.
 Starting & driving
STARTING - PETROL ENGINES
1. Check that the handbrake is applied and
that the gear lever is in neutral.
2. Switch off all unnecessary electrical
equipment.
3. If the engine is cold, pull out the cold start
control (if fitted) and turn it clockwise to
lock (see illustration).
4. Insert the starter key and turn the switch
to position ’II’ and then on to position ’III’
to operate the starter motor. DO NOT
press the accelerator pedal during starting
and RELEASE THE KEY as soon as the
engine is running.
In temperate climates DO NOT operate the
starter for longer than 10 seconds. If the
engine fails to start, switch off and wait 10
seconds before re-using the starter. Please
note that prolonged use of the starter will not
only discharge the battery but may also
damage the starter motor.
In temperate climates, the battery charging
and oil pressure warning lights should
extinguish as soon as the engine is running.
54
In cold weather, or when the battery is in a
low state of charge, depress the clutch pedal
while starting and hold it down until the
engine is running.
Cold climates
In very cold climates, the battery charging and
oil pressure warning lights may take several
seconds to extinguish. Similarly, engine
cranking times will also increase; at -30° C the
starter motor may need to be operated
continuously for as long as 30 seconds before
the engine will start. For this reason, ensure
that all non-essential electrical equipment is
switched off.
Additionally, in very cold climates, use of a
cylinder block heater will improve the engine’s
starting characteristics. Your Land Rover
dealer can advise you about the supply and
use of a cylinder block heater.
Warming up
In the interests of fuel economy, it is advisable
to start driving straight away, remembering
that harsh acceleration or labouring the engine
before the normal operating temperature has
been reached can damage the engine.
NOTE: Remember to turn off the cold start
control once normal operating temperature is
reached.
 Starting & driving

WARNING
Exhaust fumes contain poisonous
substances which can cause
unconsciousness and may even be fatal.
• DO NOT inhale exhaust gases.
• DO NOT start or leave the engine running
in an enclosed unventilated area, or
drive with the rear door open.
• DO NOT modify the exhaust system from
the original design.
• DO repair exhaust system or body leaks
immediately.
• If you think exhaust fumes are entering
the vehicle have the cause determined
and corrected immediately.

Parking
After bringing the vehicle to a stop, ALWAYS
apply the handbrake and select neutral in the
main gearbox before releasing the footbrake
and switching off the engine.
Switching off
Return the starter switch to position ’I’ and
then to position ’0’ to remove the key.

55
 Starting & driving
RUNNING-IN (petrol & diesel models)
Proper running-in will have a direct bearing on
the reliability and smooth running of your
vehicle throughout its life.
In particular, the engine, gearbox, brakes and
tyres need time to bed-in and adjust to the
demands of everyday motoring. It is therefore
essential to drive with consideration for the
running-in process for at least the first 800
km (500 miles) and observe the following
advice:
• LIMIT maximum speed to 80 km/h (50
mph) for 4-cylinder engines and 95 km/h
(60 mph) for V8 engines. Initially, drive
the vehicle on a light throttle and only
increase engine speeds once the
running-in distance has been completed.
• DO NOT operate at full throttle or allow the
engine to labour in any gear.
• AVOID fast acceleration and heavy braking
except in emergencies.
56
EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM
Land Rover vehicles are fitted with emission
and evaporative control equipment necessary
to meet a number of territorial requirements.
In many countries, it is against the law for
vehicle owners to modify or tamper with
emission control equipment, or to sanction
the unauthorised replacement or modification
of this equipment by a repair shop. In such
cases, the vehicle owner and the repairer may
both be liable for legal penalties.
It is important to remember that only Land
Rover dealers are properly equipped to
perform repairs and to maintain the emission
control system on your vehicle.
 Starting & driving

FUEL ECONOMY
Fuel consumption is influenced by two major
factors:
• How your vehicle is maintained.
• How you drive your vehicle.
To obtain optimum fuel economy, it is
essential that your vehicle is maintained in
accordance with the manufacturer’s service
schedule.
Items such as ignition timing, the condition of
the air cleaner element, tyre pressures and
wheel alignment can have a significant effect
on fuel consumption. But above all, the way in
which you drive is most important. The
following hints may help you to obtain even
better value from your motoring:
• Avoid unnecessary, short, start-stop
journeys.
• Avoid fast starts by accelerating gently and
smoothly from rest.
• Do not drive in the lower gears longer than
necessary.
• Decelerate gently and avoid sudden and
heavy braking.
• Anticipate obstructions and adjust your
speed accordingly well in advance.
DRIVE GENTLY - SAVE FUEL!

57
 Starting & driving
IMPORTANT DRIVING INFORMATION
Instruments & warning lights
Before driving, it is important to fully
understand the function of the instruments
and warning lights described in section 2.
NOTE: Red warning lights are of particular
importance, illumination indicates that a fault
exists. If a red light illuminates, always stop
the vehicle and seek qualified assistance
before continuing.
Vehicle stability
Your vehicle has a higher ground clearance
and, therefore, a higher centre of gravity than
ordinary passenger cars. This will result in
different handling characteristics.
Inexperienced drivers should take additional
care, particularly in off-road driving situations
and when performing abrupt manoeuvres at
inappropriate speeds or on unstable surfaces.
Vehicle height
The overall height of your vehicle exceeds that
of ordinary passenger cars. Always be aware
of the height of your vehicle and check the
available headroom before driving through
low entrances. This is particularly important if
the vehicle is fitted with a roof rack or if the
sunroof is open.
58
Power assisted steering
Power assistance is progressively applied the
more the steering wheel is turned. For
example; where manual steering effort would
normally be greatest (at slow speeds on
maximum lock), power assistance is greatest.
Similarly, where only minimal steering effort
would normally be required (at high speed
with the wheels straight ahead), then power
assistance is also minimal, thus enabling the
driver to benefit from apparently consistent
steering effort at all times.
WARNING
Under no circumstances must the steering
wheel be held on full lock for more than
thirty seconds in one minute, otherwise the
steering assembly may be damaged.
NOTE: Power assistance is dependent on the
engine running. If the engine is not running,
greater effort will be required to steer the
vehicle.
 Starting & driving

Tdi engines
If a radiator blind is fitted, it must not obscure
the intercooler section otherwise engine
performance would be adversely affected. If in
doubt, contact a Land Rover dealer.

Auxiliary equipment

WARNING
DO NOT use auxiliary equipment, such as
roller generators, that are driven by one
wheel of the vehicle, as they could cause
failure of the gearbox differential. If the
gearbox differential lock is engaged in an
attempt to avoid damage, the vehicle will
drive itself forward.

59
 Catalytic converter
CATALYTIC CONVERTER - (if fitted)
The exhaust system on some models of the
Defender, incorporates a catalytic converter,
which converts poisonous exhaust emissions
from the engine into environmentally less
harmful gases, thereby reducing atmospheric
pollution.
WARNING
The catalytic converter can be easily
damaged through improper use, particularly
if the wrong fuel is used, or if an engine
misfire occurs. For this reason it is VERY
IMPORTANT that you heed the precautions
which follow:
60
Fuel
• Use ONLY fuel recommended for your
vehicle.
Starting the engine
• DO NOT continue operating the starter if
the engine fails to start after a few
attempts (unburnt fuel may be drawn into
the exhaust system, thereby poisoning the
catalyst) - seek qualified assistance.
• When starting a COLD engine, DO NOT
drive if a misfire is suspected - seek
qualified assistance.
 Catalytic converter

Driving Switching off

• Provided the engine has reached its • DO NOT switch off the engine while a
normal operating temperature, if a misfire forward or reverse gear is selected or
is suspected or the vehicle lacks power whilst the vehicle is in motion.
while driving, it may be driven SLOWLY Vehicle maintenance
(at risk of damaging the catalyst) to a
Land Rover dealer for assistance. • Any engine misfire, loss of engine
performance or engine run-on, could
• NEVER allow the vehicle to run out of fuel seriously damage the catalytic converter.
(the resultant misfire could destroy the For this reason, it is vital that unqualified
catalyst). persons do not tamper with the engine,
• Engines burning excessive oil (blue smoke and that regular systematic maintenance is
from the exhaust) will progressively carried out by a Land Rover dealer.
reduce catalyst efficiency.
• On rough terrain, DO NOT allow the
underside of the vehicle to be subjected to
heavy impacts which could damage the
catalytic converter.
• DO NOT overload or excessively rev the
engine.

WARNING
Exhaust system temperatures can be
extremely high - DO NOT park on ground
where combustible materials such as dry
grass or leaves could come into contact with
the exhaust system (in dry weather a fire
could result).

61
 Fuel
PETROL ENGINES
USE ONLY RECOMMENDED FUEL
4 cylinder engines:
Use 90 RON minimum leaded or unleaded fuel
wherever possible.
V8 engines:
Use 91 - 93 leaded or unleaded fuel wherever
possible.
NOTE: For petrol engined vehicles fitted with
a catalytic converter, 95 RON minimum
unleaded fuel MUST be used - leaded fuel will
seriously damage the catalyst.
The RON value (octane rating) of petroleum
commonly available at garage forecourts will
vary in different countries. The RON value
quoted is the MINIMUM requirement and
whilst this can be safely exceeded, no
advantage in performance or fuel economy
will be gained by using a higher octane fuel.
If heavy engine knock is detected when using
the recommended octane rated fuel, or if
steady engine knocking is present while
maintaining a steady speed on level roads,
contact your dealer for advice.
NOTE: An occasional, light, engine knock
while accelerating or climbing hills is
acceptable.
62
DIESEL ENGINES
The quality of diesel fuel (Derv) can vary in
different countries and only clean, good
quality fuel should be used. It is important
that the sulphur content of diesel fuel does
not exceed 1%; in Europe all supplies should
be within this limit, but in other parts of the
world, you should check with your supplier.
Ensure the fuel filter element is changed and
the fuel sedimenter drained, at the
recommended service intervals.
If good quality diesel fuel is unavailable and it
is necessary to use poor quality fuel, it may be
necessary to drain the fuel sedimenter
regularly.
NOTE: The use of paraffin (kerosene) as a
diesel fuel additive is illegal in the UK.
WARNING
On both petrol and diesel engine vehicles, if
the fuel tank is accidentally filled with the
wrong fuel, it is ESSENTIAL that you contact
your dealer BEFORE attempting to start the
engine!
 Fuel
Fuel filling
WARNING
To avoid any sudden discharge of fuel
caused by excessive air pressure, the cap is
designed to allow the fuel tank to vent
during the first half turn. DO NOT fully
remove the cap until pressure has been
released.
Filling station pumps are equipped with
automatic cut-off sensing to avoid fuel
spillage - only fill the tank until the filler nozzle
automatically shuts off. DO NOT attempt to fill
the tank beyond this point or spillage could
result due to expansion of the fuel.
WARNING
DO NOT fully fill the tank if the vehicle is to
be parked on a slope in direct sunlight or
high ambient temperature - expansion of the
fuel could cause spillage.
63
Empty fuel tank
DO NOT RUN THE FUEL TANK DRY!
In the case of vehicles equipped with a
catalytic converter, running the fuel tank dry
could create an engine misfire capable of
damaging the catalytic converter.
In the case of diesel models, qualified
assistance may be required to prime the fuel
system before the engine can be restarted.
SAFETY ON THE FORECOURT
Petroleum gases are highly inflammable
and in confined spaces are also explosive.
Always take sensible precautions when
refuelling:
• Switch off the engine.
• Do not smoke or use a naked flame
or light.
• Take care not to spill fuel.
• Do not overfill the tank.
 Gearbox & transmission

Clutch
Take care NOT to use the clutch pedal as a
foot rest. To prevent unnecessary wear,
always keep the left foot well clear of the
clutch pedal, except when changing gear.

WARNING
Do NOT select reverse gear unless the
vehicle is stationary.

MAIN GEARBOX
Your vehicle features a five speed main
gearbox and a two speed transfer box. In
addition, a centre differential in the transfer
box distributes the drive to the front and rear
axles, providing permanent four wheel drive.
By using the main gearbox in conjunction with
the transfer gears, ten forward and two
reverse speeds are available.
The gear positions for the main gearbox are
shown on the gear lever knob. Note that when
the gearbox is in neutral, the gear lever is
spring-loaded to automatically align between
third and fourth gear positions.

64
 Gearbox & transmission

Neutral (’N’)
With the transfer lever in neutral, drive cannot
be transmitted to the road wheels, regardless
of the position of the main gear lever. Use
transfer neutral when being towed or when
using winching or power take off facilities.
’Diff lock’ centre differential
Use the ’unlocked’ position for all normal
driving, and use the ’DIFF-LOCK’ position to
improve traction in extreme conditions where
wheel grip could be lost, such as: wet grass,
mud, sand, ice or snow. Return to the
’unlocked’ position as soon as dry, firm,
ground is reached.
DO NOT use the ’diff lock’ unnecessarily!

TRANSFER GEARBOX
The second gear lever is used to select either
the high or low range of gears in the transfer
gearbox and, in addition, also controls the
centre differential (known as the ’DIFF LOCK’).
High range (’H’)
Use high range for all normal road driving and
also for off-road driving across dry, level
terrain.
Low range (’L’)
Use low range gears when moving off from
rest when towing a heavy load, or in any
situation where low speed manoeuvring is
necessary, such as reversing a trailer or
negotiating a boulder strewn river bed; also
use for more extreme off-road conditions
where progress in high range cannot be
maintained.

65
 Gearbox & transmission

USING THE TRANSFER GEARBOX

With the vehicle stationary and the engine
running, depress the clutch and then move
the lever fully forward (or backwards) in TWO
distinct but positive moves - ’high to
neutral’.... ’neutral to low’ (or vice versa).
If there is resistance to the gear engaging, do
not force the lever. Instead, with the main
lever in gear, release the clutch momentarily
and then try again.
Changing from low to high on the move:
Changing from ’L’ (low) to ’H’ (high) can be
achieved without stopping the vehicle, as
follows:
1. Apply slight backward pressure to the
transfer gear lever in preparation for
changing.
2. Then, in three simultaneous moves,
depress the clutch, release the accelerator
and pull the transfer lever into neutral.
3. Release the clutch pedal for approximately
3 seconds before depressing it again and
moving the transfer lever firmly into the
high position.
4. Finally, select a suitable main gear, release
the clutch and continue driving in the
normal way.

NOTE: After a little practice, this operation

can be carried out smoothly and quickly by
using firm, positive moves.

66
 Gearbox & transmission
THE DIFFERENTIAL LOCK
Unlike many four wheel drive vehicles, all
Land Rover vehicles have permanent four
wheel drive. This is achieved by the inclusion
of a lockable differential between the front and
rear drive shafts. With the differential locked,
the drive shafts to front and rear axles are (in
effect) joined together, causing both to rotate
at the same speed. This is a normal feature
with all four wheel drive vehicles and
enhances traction on difficult off-road
surfaces. However, with the differential
unlocked the different running requirements
of the two axles can be accommodated,
thereby enabling Land Rover vehicles to
operate permanently in four wheel drive for
both road AND off-road use.
67
Selecting diff lock
The diff lock can be engaged or disengaged
either with the vehicle stationary, or when
driving at any road speed. However, with the
vehicle in motion it is ESSENTIAL to be
travelling on firm ground, in a straight line,
and without wheel slip.
WARNING
DO NOT engage the diff lock if one or more
wheels are slipping - this could damage the
transmission. If wheels are slipping, ease
off the accelerator before engaging the diff
lock.
DO NOT engage the diff lock from the
transfer neutral position.
To lock the differential:
Briefly ease the throttle and move the transfer
gear lever to the left - from either ’H’ (high) or
’L’ (low) position (the warning light on the
instrument panel will illuminate).
To unlock the differential:
Move the transfer gear lever to the right - to
either ’H’ (high) or ’L’ (low) position as
required; when the diff lock disengages the
warning light will extinguish.
 Gearbox & transmission

When to use the diff lock IMPORTANT INFORMATION

As a general rule, the differential should only
be locked in order to drive off-road on loose
Transmission ’wind up’
and slippery surfaces. ALWAYS unlock the
differential for normal road driving or as soon If the warning light is obviously reluctant
as a hard grippy surface is reached whether to extinguish after the diff lock has been
high or low gears are selected. deselected, some transmission ’wind up’
may be present.
NOTE: A valuable introduction to off-road
Reversing the vehicle for a short distance
driving, which includes many useful
and then going forward will usually
references to the transfer gearbox and ’diff
’unwind’ the transmission and extinguish
lock’, is included in the ’Off-road driving’
the light and the vehicle can then be
section of the handbook.
driven as normal. However, if after two or
three attempts to ’unwind’ the
WARNING transmission the light remains on,
If the vehicle is driven on normal road consult your dealer AS SOON AS
surfaces with the differential locked, the POSSIBLE.
steering will feel stiff, excessive tyre wear
will occur and the transmission will be
’wound up’. This places excessive strain on
the transmission.

Diff lock warning light

The amber warning light on the instrument
panel illuminates when the diff lock is actually
engaged - rather than when it has been
selected. Similarly it will only extinguish when
the diff lock is actually disengaged. This
accounts for a slight delay between diff lock
deselection and the warning light
extinguishing which is quite normal.

68
 Brakes
BRAKING SYSTEM
As a safety precaution, the hydraulic braking
system operates through dual circuits. If one
circuit fails, the other will continue to function,
but increased brake pedal travel and longer
stopping distances will be experienced.
Servo assistance
The braking system is servo assisted, but
ONLY when the engine is running. Without
this assistance, greater braking effort is
necessary to safely control the vehicle,
resulting in longer stopping distances. Always
observe the following precautions:
• NEVER allow the vehicle to freewheel with
the engine turned off.
• ALWAYS take particular care when being
towed with the engine turned off.
• If the engine should stop for any reason
while the vehicle is in motion, bring the
vehicle to a halt as quickly as traffic
conditions safely allow, and DO NOT pump
the brake pedal as the braking system may
lose any remaining assistance available.
Brake pads
Brake pads require a period of bedding in. You
should avoid heavy braking, except in
emergencies, for at least the first 800 km (500
miles).
Remember that regular servicing is vital to
ensure that the brake pads are examined for
wear and changed periodically to ensure long
term safety and optimum performance.
69
WARNING
DO NOT rest your foot on the brake pedal
while travelling, as this may overheat the
brakes, reduce their efficiency and cause
excessive wear.
NEVER move a vehicle without the engine
running because braking assistance will not
be available. The pedal brakes will still
function, but more pressure will be
required.
ALWAYS take particular care when being
towed with the engine turned off.
If the brake warning light should illuminate
while the vehicle is in motion, bring the
vehicle to a halt as quickly as traffic
conditions and safety permit and seek
qualified assistance before continuing - DO
NOT pump the brake pedal. If the brake
pedal is pumped, the braking system may
lose any remaining assistance available.
Wet conditions
Driving through water or even very heavy rain
may adversely affect braking efficiency.
Always dry the braking surfaces by
intermittent light application of the brakes,
first ensuring that you are at a safe distance
from other road users.
 Brakes

HANDBRAKE
Unlike most other vehicles, the handbrake
operates on the rear propeller shaft, and NOT
on the road wheels. This may result in slight
movement of the vehicle after the handbrake
is applied.
To engage the handbrake, depress the button
and pull the lever up.
To release, pull the lever up slightly, depress
the button and lower the lever.
Always apply the handbrake fully whenever
you park.
When parking on a slope, do not rely on the
handbrake alone to hold the vehicle, park in a
low forward gear when facing uphill and in
reverse gear when facing downhill. For extra
security on steep slopes, move the transfer
lever into low range or engage the diff lock.

WARNING
DO NOT apply the handbrake while the
vehicle is in motion as this could result in
loss of vehicle control and damage to the
transmission.
DO NOT rely on the handbrake to operate
effectively if the vehicle has been subjected
to immersion in mud and water (see
’Off-road driving’).

70
 Towing & load carrying
TOWING
The torque ranges of Land Rover engines
allow maximum-weight loads to be pulled
smoothly from standstill, and reduce gear
changing on hills or rough terrain.
The suspension is designed to cope with a
heavy trailer load without upsetting the
balance or feel of the vehicle.
WARNING
Only fit towing accessories that have been
designed and approved by Land Rover.
Ensure that the gross weight and maximum
rear axle weight are not exceeded.
When preparing your vehicle for towing,
always pay careful attention to the trailer
manufacturer’s recommendations and the
following guidelines.
• Ensure that the towing vehicle tyre
pressures are correct and that the trailer
tyre pressures are as recommended by the
trailer manufacturer.
• With the trailer and vehicle unladen,
balance the combination so that the trailer
draw-bar and the hitch point on the vehicle
are at the same height. Adjust the height
of the hitch point if necessary.
• Check the operation of trailer brakes and
lights.
71
• For maximum stability, ensure that loads
are properly secured and unable to shift
position during transit. Also, position
loads so that most of the weight is placed
close to the floor and, where possible,
immediately above or close to the trailer
axle(s).
• After loading the trailer, check that the
weight on the hitch point (this is called the
draw-bar loading weight, or nose weight),
is in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations.
• When calculating the laden weight of the
trailer, remember to include the weight of
the trailer PLUS THE LOAD.
• Where the load weight can be divided
between trailer and tow vehicle, loading
more weight into the vehicle will generally
improve the stability of the combination.
• A smooth start will be achieved with
trailers over 2000 kg (4400 lb) by moving
off in LOW range, then changing to HIGH
range while on the move (see ’Transfer
gearbox’).
 Towing & load carrying

NOTE: Towing regulations vary from country to country. It is very important to ensure that
national regulations governing towing weights and speed limits are observed (refer to the relevant
national motoring organisation for information). The following maximum permissible towed
weights refer to the vehicle’s design limitations and NOT to any specific territorial restriction.

Maximum permissible towed weights On-road kg Off-road kg

Unbraked trailers ........................................................................ 750 500
Trailers with overrun brakes ...................................................... 3500 1000
4 wheel trailers with coupled brakes
Petrol and Diesel (turbo) ........................................................... 4000 1000
Diesel (non-turbo) ..................................................................... 3500 1000

NOSE WEIGHT VEHICLE WEIGHTS

The recommended trailer nose weight limit is
75 kg (165 lb). The nose weight plus the
combined weight of the vehicle’s load carrying
area and rear seat passengers, must never
exceed the maximum rear axle load or the
gross vehicle weight (as shown in ’General
data’).
WARNING
DO NOT carry unsecured equipment, tools or
luggage which could move and cause
personal injury in the event of an accident or
emergency manoeuvre, either on or off
road.
When loading a vehicle to its maximum (gross
vehicle weight), consideration must be taken
of the unladen vehicle weight and the
distribution of the load to ensure that axle
loadings do not exceed the permitted
maximum values.
It is your responsibility to limit the vehicle
load in such a way that neither the maximum
axle loads nor the gross vehicle weight are
exceeded (see ’General data’).

72
 Towing & load carrying
Coupled braking systems
In order to tow a trailer with a weight in
excess of 3,500 kg, the vehicle must be
adapted to operate a coupled brake system. If
this adaptation is carried out, the vehicle
identification number plate (VIN) must be
changed to show the increased train weight.
Revised VIN plates may be obtained from
Land Rover; these will be issued subject to
satisfactory proof that the vehicle has been
fitted with an approved conversion.
NOTE: Above 300 metres (1,000 feet) the
effects of altitude can adversely affect engine
performance and also cause overheating.
Trailer socket
When the engine is running, power
consumption from trailer socket must NOT
exceed 5 amps.
ROOF RACK
ALWAYS use an approved roof rack and
follow the manufacturers’ fitting instructions
carefully. A full list of all available accessories
is available from your Land Rover dealer.
73
WARNING
ALWAYS consult your dealer for advice
regarding the approval, suitability,
installation and use of any parts or
accessories before fitting.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
• The MAXIMUM roof rack load is 75
kg.
• A loaded roof rack can reduce the
stability of the vehicle, particularly
when cornering and encountering
cross winds.
• All loads should be evenly
distributed, and secured within the
periphery of the rack.
• Always secure the load to the side
rails, not just to the cross rails.
• Driving off-road with a loaded roof
rack is not recommended. If it is
necessary to stow luggage on the
roof rack while driving off-road, all
loads MUST be removed before
traversing side slopes.
• Only fit roof racks that have been
designed for your vehicle. If in
doubt, consult your dealer.
 Emergency starting
Starting an engine with a discharged battery
The ONLY recommended methods of
restarting a vehicle with a discharged battery
are:
• The use of a substitute battery fitted to the
disabled vehicle.
• The use of booster cables to connect the
battery from a donor vehicle to the
discharged battery.
USING BOOSTER CABLES
WARNING
Batteries emit explosive hydrogen gas -
keep sparks and naked lights away from the
battery compartment.
Make sure BOTH batteries are of the same
voltage (12 volts), and that the booster
cables have insulated clamps and are
approved for use with 12 volt batteries.
DO NOT connect positive (+) terminals to
negative (-) terminals, and ensure booster
cables are kept away from any moving parts
in the engine compartment.
Take care when working near rotating parts
of the engine.
74
Always adopt the following procedure when
using booster cables:.
1. If a donor vehicle is to be used, both
vehicles should be parked with their
battery locations adjacent to each other.
Ensure that the two vehicles do not touch.
2. Apply the handbrakes and ensure that the
transmission of both vehicles is set in
neutral (’P’ or Park for donor vehicles with
automatic transmission).
3. Turn off the starter switch and ALL
electrical equipment of BOTH vehicles.
4. Connect the RED booster cable between
the positive (+) terminal of the donor
battery and the positive (+) terminal of the
discharged battery.
5. Connect the BLACK booster cable from the
negative (-) terminal of the donor battery
to a good earthing point on the disabled
vehicle (eg. an engine mounting or other
unpainted metal surface) - at least 0.5m
away from the battery and well away from
fuel and brake lines. For safety reasons,
DO NOT connect this cable to the
negative terminal of the discharged
battery.
6. Check that the booster cables are clear of
any moving parts in either engine, then
start the engine of the donor vehicle and
allow it to idle for a few minutes.
7. Now start the vehicle with the discharged
battery.
 Emergency starting

8. Once both engines are running normally,

allow them to idle for two minutes before
switching off the engine of the donor
vehicle and disconnecting the booster
cables. DO NOT switch on any electrical
circuits on the previously disabled vehicle
until AFTER the booster cables have been
removed.
9. Disconnecting the booster cables must be
an EXACT reversal of the connecting
procedure, ie; disconnect the BLACK
cable from the earthing point on the
disabled vehicle FIRST.

75
 Vehicle recovery

VEHICLE RECOVERY Suspended tow

If it is necessary to recover the vehicle by
towing, always adhere to the following
procedure:
Towing the vehicle (on four-wheels)
1. Set the main gearbox and transfer box in
neutral.
2. Ensure the differential lock is in the
unlocked position.
3. Turn the starter switch to the first position
to unlock the steering and leave in this
position while the vehicle is being towed.
4. Secure the towing attachment to the
vehicle.
5. Release the handbrake.
NOTE: If, due to an accident or electrical fault
it is not considered safe to turn the starter
switch, the battery must be disconnected.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
DO NOT attempt to tow the vehicle unless
the starter switch is turned to position ’I’
(to unlock the steering).
• DO NOT attempt to remove the
starter key or turn the switch to
position ’0’ while the vehicle is in
motion.
• Without the engine running, the
brake servo and power steering
pump cannot provide assistance.
Greater brake pedal and steering
effort are therefore necessary to
safely control the vehicle.
WARNING
Your vehicle has permanent four wheel
drive - the propeller shaft MUST be removed
from the axle to be trailed.
If the front axle is to be trailed ALWAYS
adhere to the following precautions:
• Ensure the four bolts securing the front
propeller shaft to the gearbox are tightly
secured with the appropriate nuts after
disconnecting the propeller shaft -
otherwise serious damage to the gearbox
may occur.
• Unlock the steering.
• Secure the steering wheel and/or linkage
in the straight ahead position - the
steering lock MUST NOT be used for this
purpose.
WARNING
The propeller shaft MUST only be
reconnected by a qualified Land Rover
engineer. Contact your Land Rover dealer
for further information.

76
 Vehicle recovery

Transporter or trailer lashing

Use the towing rings on the front and rear
cross members as lashing points (see
illustration). DO NOT secure lashing hooks or
trailer fixings to any other part of the vehicle.

77
 Ancillary equipment
Winches
A number of different winches, suited to jobs
ranging from vehicle recovery to haulage, can
be fitted to your Defender. For further
information on the types of winch available
and their various uses, contact your Land
Rover dealer.
As winch operation will vary considerably on
different winch units, it is essential that the
manufacturer’s operating instructions are
understood and followed carefully.
Winch safety
WARNING
If used incorrectly, winches can be
extremely dangerous.
ALWAYS follow the manufacturer’s
operating instructions carefully.
NEVER stand near, or astride a winching
cable whilst it is under tension.
ALWAYS wear protective gloves when
handling winching cables.
78
In addition;
• DO NOT attempt to continue winching if
the winch has stalled due to overloading.
• Inspect the winch and cable regularly -
ALWAYS have worn or damaged parts
replaced immediately.
• Only use recommended replacement parts
of the same specification as the original
equipment - failure to do so may not only
damage the winch, but may cause serious
personal injury.
After winching
Whilst wearing thick, protective gloves, clean
and lubricate the cable with a recommended
cable lubricant. For further information,
consult your Land Rover dealer.
WARNING
NEVER allow a cable to kink, coil or overlap.
NOTE: If a capstan winch is used, ensure the
rope is cleaned and dried before stowing.
 Ancillary equipment
Power take-off drives
Your Defender is capable of providing a static
or mobile power source, which can be used to
power generators, compressors, pumps and
other ancillary equipment, mounted on or
under the vehicle, by means of shaft, belt or
hydraulic drive. This is possible by having a
power take-off drive unit fitted to the transfer
gearbox. This provides the basic drive for
several variations of power take-off layouts.
The power take-off capability is an integral
part of the vehicle design and has been tried
and tested under the most rigorous and
demanding conditions across the world. Land
Rover dealers provide a full range of power
take-off drive units and accessories, designed
and built for the Defender.
79
For static operation, select neutral in the
transfer gearbox to disconnect the drive to the
road wheels - it is then possible to operate the
power take-off independently. The forward
gears and hand throttle (if fitted) can now be
used to control the operating speed. To
prevent the transmission from being
overloaded, it is recommended that the
highest gear possible should be used.
The lower gears can be used when lower
operating speeds are required, but they
should only be used for light workloads and
for short periods of time.
If power take-off is being used while the
vehicle is moving, it will operate at a speed in
direct proportion to the road speed of the
vehicle and to the selected transfer gear ratio.
For more information on the use of power
take-off drives and equipment, consult your
Land Rover dealer.
 Ancillary equipment

Operating the hand throttle

HAND THROTTLE
The hand throttle is for use in conjunction
with power take-off equipment (winches,
pumps etc.), when a relatively constant engine
speed is required.
1. Select ’N’ (neutral) in the transfer gearbox.
2. Pull the hand throttle control out until the
desired engine speed is achieved.
3. Twist the control clockwise to lock the
throttle in position.
The accelerator pedal can be used to
temporarily over-ride the hand throttle (to
increase engine speed). Once the accelerator
is released, the engine speed will return to the
level set by the hand throttle.
To turn the hand throttle off, twist the control
fully in (to the closed position).
Ensure the hand throttle is fully closed before
driving.

WARNING
DO NOT attempt to use the hand throttle
when the vehicle is being driven.

80

The long-term safety, reliability and
performance of your vehicle will depend very
largely on how well it is maintained.
Maintenance is the owner’s responsibility and
it is ESSENTIAL that all routine services are
carried out by a Land Rover dealer at the
specified intervals. These are shown in the
Service Portfolio book included in the
literature pack. The Service Portfolio book
also includes service record dockets, which
must be correctly endorsed by your Land
Rover dealer at the conclusion of each service.
This section of the handbook includes
information to assist the owner carry out
those daily, weekly and monthly checks that
are also necessary to ensure safe, reliable
motoring.
81
SECTION 4
Owner maintenance
Section Contents Page
Owner maintenance ................................... 83
Safety in the garage ................................... 85
Bonnet opening ......................................... 86
Engine compartment ................................. 88
Tyres ......................................................... 98
Washer jets & wiper blades ..................... 100
Battery ..................................................... 101
Wheel changing ....................................... 104
Wading plugs .......................................... 111
Fuses ....................................................... 112
Bulb replacement ..................................... 115
Cleaning & vehicle care ............................ 121
82
 Owner maintenance
OWNER MAINTENANCE
In addition to the routine services, which
should be carried out by your Land Rover
dealer at the intervals shown in the Service
Portfolio book, a number of simple checks
(listed below) must be carried out by the
owner or driver on a regular basis.
These are fully described on the pages that
follow.
Daily checks
• Operation of lights, horn, direction
indicators, wipers, washers and warning
lights.
• Operation of seat belts and brakes.
• Look for deposits on the garage floor
which may indicate a fluid leak.
Weekly checks
These should be carried out at least every 250
miles or 400 km.
• Engine oil level.
• Cooling system level.
• Screen washer reservoir level.
• Condition and pressure of tyres.
• Clutch fluid level
• Brake fluid level.
• Power steering fluid level.
83
NOTE: Any significant or sudden drop in fluid
levels, or uneven tyre wear should be reported
to a Land Rover dealer without delay.
The gearbox fluid level should only be
checked by a Land Rover dealer at the time of
a routine service.
All fluid specifications and capacities are
shown in ’General data’.
NOTE: If good quality diesel fuel is
unavailable and it is necessary to use poor
quality fuel, it may be necessary to drain the
fuel sedimenter regularly.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Special operating conditions
When a vehicle is operated in extremely
arduous conditions or on dusty, wet or
muddy terrain, more frequent attention
must be paid to servicing requirements.
For example; if your vehicle experiences
deep wading conditions, even DAILY
servicing could be necessary to ensure
the continued safe and reliable operation
of the vehicle.
Contact a Land Rover dealer for advice.
 Owner maintenance

Planned maintenance Road testing on dynamometers

Regular systematic maintenance is the key to (’rolling roads’)
ensuring the continued reliability and
efficiency of your vehicle. WARNING
The routine maintenance requirements for Because your vehicle is equipped with
your vehicle are shown in the Service Portfolio permanent four-wheel drive, it is essential
book. Most of this necessary workshop that any dynamometer testing is carried out
maintenance requires specialised knowledge ONLY by a qualified person familiar with the
and equipment, and should preferably be dynamometer testing and safety procedures
entrusted to your Land Rover dealer. practised by Land Rover dealers. Contact
Emission control your Land Rover dealer for further
Your vehicle is fitted with various items of information.
emission and evaporative control equipment
designed to meet specific territorial
requirements.
You should be aware that unauthorised
replacement, modification or tampering with
this equipment by an owner or repair shop,
may be unlawful and subject to legal penalties.
In addition, engine settings must not be
tampered with. These have been established
to ensure that your vehicle complies with
stringent exhaust emission regulations.
Incorrect engine settings may adversely affect
exhaust emissions, engine performance and
fuel consumption, as well as causing high
temperatures, which will result in damage to
the catalytic converter (if fitted) and the
vehicle.

84
 Owner maintenance
SAFETY IN THE GARAGE
Whenever you carry out maintenance on
your vehicle, the following safety
precautions should be observed at all times.
• ALWAYS keep hands, tools and items of
clothing clear of all drive belts and pulleys.
• DO NOT touch exhaust or cooling system
components until they are cool.
• DO NOT touch electrical leads or
components with the starter switch turned
on.
• NEVER leave the engine running in an
unventilated area - exhaust gases are
poisonous and contain carbon monoxide,
which can cause unconsciousness and
may even be fatal.
• DO NOT work beneath the vehicle with the
wheel change lifting jack as the only
means of support.
• Ensure sparks and naked lights are kept
away from the engine and battery
compartments.
WARNING
Remember; cooling fans and air
conditioning system condenser fans (if
fitted), may continue to operate after the
engine is switched off. Always wait until the
fans have completely stopped moving before
working in the engine compartment.
85
Poisonous liquids
Most liquids and lubricants used in motor
vehicles are poisonous and should not be
consumed, or brought into contact with open
wounds. These include: battery acid,
anti-freeze, brake and power steering fluid, as
well as petrol, diesel, engine oil and
windscreen washer additives.
For your own safety, ALWAYS read and obey
all instructions printed on labels and
containers.
Used engine oil
Prolonged contact with engine oil can cause
serious skin disorders, including dermatitis
and skin cancer. ALWAYS wash thoroughly
after contact.
It is illegal to pollute drains, water courses or
soil with toxic chemicals such as used engine
oil. ALWAYS dispose of vehicle liquids and
lubricants, at authorised waste disposal sites
or at garages which provide facilities for the
receipt of discharged batteries, used engine
oil and toxic chemicals. If in doubt, contact
your Local Authority for advice.
PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT!
 Bonnet opening

WARNING
Ensure the wipers are switched off and have
returned to the parked position before
opening the bonnet.
On vehicles with a bonnet mounted spare
wheel, the bonnet will be heavy to lift - DO
NOT allow it to drop.

Lift the safety catch lever (as illustration) and

raise the bonnet.

Prop stay

Pull the bonnet release handle.

Release the bonnet support stay from the

underside of the bonnet and fit the stay in the
corresponding hole in the bonnet locking
platform.

86
 Bonnet opening

Scissor action stay

Raise the bonnet until the stay fully extends.

Release the bonnet, ensuring that the stay
locks into position.
Closing the bonnet
After closing the bonnet, check that the lock is
fully engaged by attempting to lift the front
edge of the bonnet. This should be free from
all movement.

87
 Engine compartment

Tdi - Right hand steering

1. Diesel fuel filter. WARNING

2. Cooling system reservoir. Ensure that sparks and naked lights are kept
3. Brake fluid reservoir. away from the engine compartment.

4. Clutch fluid reservoir.

5. Engine oil filler cap.
6. Engine oil dipstick.
7. Fuse box - engine compartment.
8. Washer reservoir.
9. Power steering reservoir.

88
 Engine compartment

V8 - Right hand steering

1. Cooling system reservoir WARNING

2. Brake fluid reservoir. Ensure that sparks and naked lights are kept
3. Washer reservoir. away from the engine compartment.

4. Engine oil dipstick.

5. Engine oil filler cap.
6. Power steering reservoir.
7. Clutch fluid reservoir.

89
 Engine compartment

V8 petrol engine 4-cylinder petrol engine

ENGINE OIL LEVEL-CHECK & TOP-UP

Check the oil level at least every 400 km
(250 miles) when the engine is HOT and with
the vehicle resting on level ground.
Switch off the engine and let the vehicle stand
for five minutes to allow the oil to drain back
into the sump. Withdraw the dipstick and wipe
the blade clean and then fully reinsert the
dipstick and withdraw again to check the level,
which should NEVER be allowed to fall below
the lower mark on the dipstick.
To top-up, unscrew the oil filler cap and add
oil to maintain the level between the UPPER
and LOWER marks on the dipstick.

Tdi diesel engine

90
 Engine compartment

DO NOT OVERFILL!
As a general guide, if the level on the dipstick:
• is nearer to the upper mark than the lower,
add no oil.
• is nearer to the lower mark than the upper,
add half a litre of oil.
• is below the lower mark, add one litre of
oil and re-check the level after a further
five minutes.

NOTE: If it is necessary to check the oil level

when the engine is cold, DO NOT start the
engine. Follow the procedure detailed above,
but re-check the oil level as soon as the
engine has reached its normal operating
temperature.
Oil specifications
It is essential to use an oil suitable for the
climatic conditions in which the vehicle is to
be operated. Precise specifications are shown
in ’General data’. If in doubt, contact your
Land Rover dealer.

91
 Engine compartment

COOLING SYSTEM TOP-UP Top-up with a 50% mixture of anti-freeze and

water so that the surface of the coolant is level
with the seam on the side of the tank. Ensure
the cap is tightened fully after top-up is
completed.
DO NOT overfill. This may result in damage to
the radiator.
If the level has fallen appreciably, suspect
leakage or overheating and arrange for your
dealer to examine your vehicle.

V8 models

WARNING
NEVER remove the filler cap or radiator filler
plug when the engine is hot - escaping
steam or scalding water could cause serious
injury.
The coolant level in the reservoir should be
checked at least weekly (more frequently in
high mileage or arduous operating
conditions). Always check the level WHEN
THE SYSTEM IS COLD.
Unscrew the filler cap slowly, allowing the On V8 models, as well as removing the
pressure to escape before removing reservoir cap, carefully unscrew the radiator
completely. filler plug (illustrated above), allowing
pressure to escape before removing
Never run the engine without coolant. completely.
Top the radiator up, if necessary, with a 50%
mixture of anti-freeze and water to maintain
the level at approximately 12 mm (0.5 in)
below the radiator filler neck. Ensure the plug
is tightened fully after top-up is completed.
DO NOT OVERFILL!

92
 Engine compartment

Anti-freeze
Anti-freeze contains important corrosion
inhibitors. Ensure the 50% anti-freeze/water
solution is maintained and topped up all year
round (not just in cold conditions). Failure to
do so may cause corrosion of the radiator and
engine components.
Use an ethylene glycol based anti-freeze
(containing no methanol) with non-phosphate
corrosion inhibitors suitable for use in
aluminium engines. The specific gravity of a WINDSCREEN WASHER TOP-UP
50% anti-freeze solution at 68° F (20° C) is The windscreen washer reservoir also
1.075 and protects against frost down to supplies the rear screen.
-33° F (-36° C). Check the reservoir level and top-up with a
mixture of water and an approved screen
WARNING washer solvent to approximately 25 mm (1 in)
below the bottom of the filler neck. In cold
Anti-freeze is poisonous and can be fatal if
weather, to prevent freezing, use a screen
swallowed. If accidental consumption of
washer solvent containing isopropanol.
anti-freeze is suspected, seek medical
attention immediately. Operate the washer switches to check that the
nozzles are clear and properly directed.
Prevent anti-freeze coming in contact with
the skin or eyes. If this occurs, rinse
immediately with plenty of water. WARNING
Anti-freeze will damage painted surfaces. DO NOT use an anti-freeze solution in the
washer reservoir. Anti-freeze will damage
NEVER top-up with salt water. Even when
painted surfaces.
travelling in territories where the water
supply contains salt, always ensure you
carry a supply of fresh (rain or distilled)
water.

93
 Engine compartment

FUEL SEDIMENTER - diesel engines FUEL FILTER - diesel engines

(if fitted)
The sedimenter is located on the chassis side
member, near the rear wheel.
To drain:
Slacken off the drain plug (arrowed in
illustration), to allow any water to drain off.
Retighten the plug as soon as pure diesel is
emitted.
The filter is located at the front of the engine
compartment.
To drain:
Slacken off the drain plug (1), to allow any
water to drain off. Retighten the plug as soon
as pure diesel is emitted.

NOTE: If your vehicle is fitted with two fuel

tanks, it may have two sedimenters - one on
each side of the vehicle.

94
 Engine compartment

WARNING
Clutch fluid will damage painted surfaces;
clean up any spillage immediately and rinse
with plenty of water.
If clutch fluid should come into contact with
the skin or eyes, rinse immediately with
plenty of water.

CLUTCH FLUID TOP-UP

Wipe the filler cap before removing, to prevent
dirt from entering the reservoir. Check the
fluid level and top up if necessary, maintaining
the level approximately 10 mm below the top
of the reservoir, using fluid meeting FMVSS
116 DOT 4 specification. Ensure dirt does not
enter the reservoir while filling.
Use only new fluid from a sealed container
(old fluid from opened containers, or fluid
previously bled from the system must NOT be
used).

DO NOT OVERFILL!
If significant topping up is required, a leak is
indicated - consult your dealer immediately.

95
 Engine compartment

Topping-up
Wipe the filler cap clean before removing to
prevent dirt from entering the reservoir, then
top up to the ’MAX’ mark using FMVSS 116
DOT 4 fluid.
Use only new fluid from an airtight container
(old fluid from opened containers, or fluid
previously bled from the system must NOT be
used).
DO NOT OVERFILL!

WARNING
Contact your dealer immediately if brake
travel is unusually long or if there is any
appreciable drop in brake fluid.
WARNING
DO NOT drive the vehicle with the fluid level
below the ’MIN’ mark.
Brake fluid will damage painted surfaces;
clean up any spillage immediately and rinse
with plenty of water.
If brake fluid should come into contact with
the skin or eyes, rinse immediately with
plenty of water.

BRAKE FLUID CHECK

The fluid level will fall slightly during use as a
result of brake pad wear, but should not be
allowed to fall below the ’MIN’ mark. Any
substantial drop in fluid indicates a leak in the
system, in which case the vehicle must NOT
be driven and you should contact your dealer.
With the vehicle on level ground, check the
fluid level at least every week (more frequently
in high mileage or arduous operating
conditions). Check the level visually through
the side of the transparent container without
removing the filler cap.

96
 Engine compartment

WARNING
DO NOT start the engine if the fluid level has
dropped below the dipstick - severe damage
to the steering system could result.

POWER STEERING TOP-UP

ONLY check the fluid level with the engine
switched off and the system cold, and ensure
that the steering wheel is not turned after
stopping the engine.
Wipe the filler cap to prevent dirt from
entering the reservoir.
Remove the filler cap and, using a lint-free
cloth, wipe the dipstick clean. Refit the cap
fully and remove it again to check the fluid
level. Ensure the fluid level is between the
UPPER mark and the end of the dipstick. If
necessary, top up with a fluid meeting
Dexron II D specification, ensuring no dirt
enters the reservoir.
DO NOT fill above the UPPER mark on the
dipstick.

97
 Tyres
WARNING
Never drive your vehicle if the tyres are
badly worn, cut or damaged, or if the
pressures are incorrect.
Incorrectly inflated tyres wear rapidly and
seriously affect the vehicle’s safety and road
handling characteristics.
Caring for your tyres
Always drive with consideration for the
condition of the tyres and frequently inspect
the tread and side walls for signs of distortion
or damage (in particular, look for lumps, cuts
and bulges).
Tyre pressures
Tyre pressures should be checked at least
once a week with normal road use, but should
be checked DAILY if the vehicle is used
off-road.
Check the pressures - including the spare -
when the tyres are cold (air pressure naturally
increases in warm tyres). The recommended
pressures are shown in ’General data’.
WARNING
If the vehicle has been parked in strong
sunlight or is used in high ambient
temperatures, DO NOT reduce tyre
pressures; instead, move the vehicle into
shade and allow the tyres to cool before
checking.
98
Tyre wear
Some tyres fitted as original equipment have
wear indicators moulded into the tread
pattern. When the tread has worn down to 1.6
mm (1/16 in) the indicators start appearing at
the surface of the tread pattern, producing the
effect of a continuous band of rubber across
the width of the tyre.
A tyre MUST be replaced as soon as an
indicator band becomes visible or the tread
depth reaches the minimum permitted by
legislation.
Tread depth must be checked regularly (at
every maintenance service, or more
frequently). Always replace a tyre before the
tread reaches a remaining depth of 1.6 mm
(1/16 in). DO NOT drive with tyres worn to
this limit, the safety of the vehicle and its
occupants will be adversely affected.
NOTE: After off-road use, check to make sure
there are no lumps or bulges in the tyres or
exposure of the ply or cord structure.
Valve caps
Keep the valve caps screwed down firmly to
prevent dirt from entering the valve.
Replacement tyres
Wheel rims and tyres are matched to suit the
handling characteristics of the vehicle. For
safety, ALWAYS check that replacement tyres
comply with the manufacturer’s original
specification and that the load rating shown
on the side wall is the same as that of the
original equipment for a particular territory.
Contact your Land Rover dealer for further
information or assistance.
 Tyres
WARNING
ALWAYS use the same make and type of
radial-ply tyres front and rear. DO NOT use
cross-ply tyres, or interchange tyres from
front to rear.
• If the wheel is marked ’TUBED’ an inner
tube MUST be fitted, even with a
tubeless tyre.
• If the wheel is marked ’TUBELESS’, an
inner tube must NOT be fitted.
NOTE: Tyre sizes and pressures are shown in
’General data’.
WARNING
Do not replace wheels with any type other
than genuine Land Rover parts.
Wheels and tyres are designed for both
off-road and on-road use and have a very
important influence upon the correct
operation of the suspension system and
vehicle handling.
Alternative wheels which do not meet
original equipment specifications should not
be fitted.
99
Snow chains
Land Rover approved snow chains are
designed for on-road use in extreme snow
conditions only, and are not recommended for
off-road use. Always observe the following
recommendations:
• ONLY Land Rover approved chains may
be fitted to the front wheels, or fitted to all
four wheels. Non-approved chains can be
fitted to the rear wheels ONLY.
• Ensure the gearbox differential is locked.
• Always adhere to the snow chain fitting
and retensioning instructions and the
speed limit recommendations for varying
road conditions. Never exceed 30 mph (50
km/h).
• Avoid tyre damage by removing snow
chains as soon as the road is free of snow.
NOTE: Snow chains are not available for
265/75 R16 tyres.
For more information or assistance, consult
your Land Rover dealer.
WARNING
DO NOT fit unapproved snow chains to the
front wheels - this could damage brake
components.
 Washer jets & wiper blades

WASHER JETS
To adjust a washer jet, insert a needle into the
jet orifice (see inset) and lever gently to
position the jet.

WIPER BLADE REPLACEMENT

To renew a windscreen or rear screen wiper
blade, lift the wiper arm away from the
windscreen, press the retaining clip (arrowed
in illustration), push the blade away from the
arm and then unhook the wiper blade.
Locate the new blade assembly on the arm,
hook it to the swivel bracket and push into
engagement until the blade is retained by the
clip.
Always fit wiper blades that are identical to the
original specification.

100
 Battery
The battery is located underneath the left-hand
front seat. Pull up the front of the seat base to
release it from its retaining clips and pull it
forward. Release the buckle on the front of the
battery compartment and slide off the lid.
When refitting the seat base, insert the rear of
the base first and then push down firmly to
re-engage the retaining clips - ENSURE the
seat base is secure before driving.
101
WARNING
Batteries contain sulphuric acid. If the acid
comes in contact with the eyes or skin, wash
immediately with cold water and seek
medical advice.
During normal operation batteries emit
explosive hydrogen gas - ensure sparks and
naked lights are kept away from the battery
compartment.
To reduce the risk of a short circuit, remove
all metal wrist bands and jewellery before
working in the battery compartment and
NEVER allow the battery terminals or
vehicle leads to make contact with tools or
metal parts of the vehicle.
 Battery
Battery maintenance
The battery fitted to your vehicle requires
minimal attention as follows:
• In temperate climates check the electrolyte
level once every 3 years. In hot climates
check the level annually.
• Occasionally wipe the battery casing to
remove dirt and grease.
• Keep the battery terminals clean and free
from corrosion by occasionally smearing
them with petroleum jelly.
Checking the electrolyte level
Gently prise off the vent covers (or unscrew if
vent plugs are fitted) and inspect the
electrolyte level of the centre cell. This should
be no lower than 1 mm (0.04 in) above the
top of the plates. If necessary, top up with
distilled water to a maximum of 3 mm (0.12
in) above the plates.
102
Battery removal and replacement
Your vehicle may be fitted with a battery
backed-up sounder, which operates as an
anti-theft siren if the main battery is
disconnected.
If it is necessary to remove the main vehicle
battery, it is ESSENTIAL to adopt the following
procedure before disconnecting the terminals
in order to prevent the siren from sounding:
1. Turn the starter switch ’on’ and then ’off’.
Then remove the key.
2. Disconnect the vehicle battery WITHIN 15
SECONDS (if it is not disconnected within
15 seconds, the back-up siren will sound
immediately the battery terminals are
disconnected).
ALWAYS disconnect the negative (’-’) terminal
first. When replacing, connect the positive
(’+’) terminal first.
If the siren sounds when the battery is
reconnected, it CANNOT be turned off in the
normal way (ie. by operating the handset
buttons). To deactivate the siren, disarm the
alarm system with the handset and turn the
starter switch to position ’II’.
 Battery
WARNING
To avoid damaging the vehicle’s electrical
system, ensure correct polarity when
refitting the battery.
ONLY fit a replacement battery of the same
type and specification as the original. Other
batteries may vary in size and have different
terminal positions, capable of creating a
potential fire hazard if the terminals or leads
were to come into contact with the battery
clamp assembly.
DO NOT use a high speed battery charger as
a starting aid.
DO NOT let the engine run without the
battery connected.
103
Battery charging
Batteries generate explosive gases, contain
corrosive acid and supply levels of electric
current high enough to cause serious burns.
Before charging, ensure the battery is properly
topped up, and ALWAYS observe the
following precautions while charging the
battery:
• Always remove the battery from the
vehicle.
• Make sure the battery charger is
disconnected from its power supply before
connecting the leads to the battery
terminals.
• Make sure the charging leads are securely
clamped before switching on the charger,
and DO NOT move the clamps while the
charger is switched on.
• Shield your eyes or avoid leaning over the
battery.
• Keep the area around the top of the battery
well ventilated.
• Keep naked lights clear of the battery
(batteries emit inflammable hydrogen
during and after charging).
• When charging is complete, switch off the
charger before disconnecting the charging
leads, and then leave the battery for an
hour BEFORE reconnection to the vehicle.
 Wheel changing

IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Before jacking the vehicle always observe
the following precautions!
• Park your vehicle away from the
thoroughfare, and make your
passengers wait in a safe area
AWAY from the vehicle.
• Switch on the hazard warning lights
to alert other road users.
• ALWAYS engage the differential lock
before jacking (warning light on
fascia illuminates).
• Apply the handbrake and engage 1st
gear in the main gear box and select
’L’ in the transfer box. Turn off the
starter switch and remove the key.
• NEVER jack the vehicle with
passengers inside, or with a caravan
or trailer connected!
• NEVER work beneath the vehicle WARNING
with the jack as the only means of
support. The jack is designed for Always chock the wheel diagonally opposite
wheel changing only! the one to be removed - chocking the front of
a front wheel or the back of a rear wheel,
using the chock provided.
Using the Wheel Chock

WARNING
NOTE: The wheel chock is stowed in a
Before raising the vehicle, it is ESSENTIAL compartment under the left-hand front seat
to chock one of the road wheels; the (see ’Battery’ for details of access).
handbrake acts on the transmission, not on
the rear wheels, and therefore may not hold
the vehicle when raised.

104
 Wheel changing

Removing the spare wheel

1. Remove the nuts securing the wheel cover
using the wheel brace supplied in the tool
kit.
2. Remove the nuts securing the spare wheel
to the carrier and lift off the wheel.

WARNING
DO NOT use the spare wheel securing nuts
in place of the road wheel nuts.
The wheels are extremely heavy. Take care
when lifting and particularly when removing
the spare wheel from its mounting position
on the bonnet, bulkhead or rear door.

105
 Wheel changing

WARNING
Ensure the jack is positioned on firm, level
ground.
DO NOT use the jack to raise the vehicle
until you have carefully read and understood
’Positioning the jack’ later in this section. If
in doubt, consult your dealer.
Care must be taken to avoid accidental
contact with any underbody parts, especially
the hot exhaust system components, likely
to cause personal injury during raising or
lowering of the vehicle.
VEHICLE JACKING Ensure that the space under and around the
One of two types of jack will have been vehicle is free from obstruction as it is
supplied with your vehicle - either a bottle jack lowered.
or pillar jack. The operation of each type
differs greatly and it is important to read the
appropriate operating instructions that follow.
The bottle jack (if fitted) is stowed in a
compartment under the left-hand front seat
(see ’Battery’ for details of access). The jack
handle and tools (or pillar jack - if fitted) are
stowed in a bag behind the front seat in
’Pick-up’ and ’Hard-top’ models and under the
bench seat in ’Soft-top’ and ’Station Wagon’
models.
Operating the bottle jack
Slot the jack lever together, ensuring that the
spring clip protrudes from the engagement
slot where the two parts join (see inset). Close
the jack release valve by turning it fully
clockwise and insert the lever into the socket
where shown. Pump the lever up and down to
raise the jack.
To lower the jack, withdraw the lever and slot
the notched end over the the pegs on the
release valve. Slowly turn the release valve
anti-clockwise allowing the weight of the
vehicle to lower the jack.

106
 Wheel changing

Positioning the bottle jack

Always position the jack from the front or rear
of the vehicle directly in line with the jacking
points.

WARNING
NEVER use the jack from the side of the
vehicle.
Always use the complete, two piece, jack
lever throughout to minimise any accidental
contact with a hot exhaust system.
ONLY jack the vehicle using the jack
location points described or damage to the
vehicle could occur.
Rear jacking point:
Push the mud flap up over the tyre to allow
clear access (return it to its correct position
when the wheel change is complete). Position
the jack so that, when raised, it engages with
the rear axle casing immediately below the coil
spring and as close as possible to the shock
absorber mounting bracket.

Care of the jack

Front jacking point:
Position the jack so that, when raised, it
engages with the front axle casing
immediately below the coil spring. The jack
cradle must locate between the flange at the
end of the axle casing and the large bracket to
which the front suspension members are
mounted.
Occasionally, clean and grease the moving
parts (particularly the ram/pillar) to prevent
rust.
The bottle jack oil level should be checked at
normal servicing intervals and if necessary
topped up with an hydraulic oil with a
viscosity to BS 4231 grade 32 and ISO proof
32.
To avoid contamination, the bottle jack should
always be returned to its fully closed position
and must always be stowed upright.

107
 Wheel changing
Operating the pillar jack (if supplied)
For any wheel:
1. Remove the rubber plug (1) from the
jacking tube corresponding to the wheel to
be changed.
2. Insert the jack pillar into the base (2).
3. Fit the handle (3) to the pillar and adjust
the height so the jacking peg (4) can be
inserted into the jacking tube.
NOTE: The jack handle operates as a ratchet -
one side raises the jack, then turn the handle
over to lower the jack.
108
WARNING
ENSURE that you are familiar with operating
the jack BEFORE using it to raise a vehicle.
ONLY jack the vehicle using the jack
location points described or personal injury
or damage to the vehicle could occur.
DO NOT use the jack without the base fitted -
the vehicle would not be properly supported
and could cause personal injury.
ENSURE that the peg is FULLY engaged in
the jacking tube.
ENSURE that the pillar is vertical NOT at an
angle.
 Wheel changing
Changing a wheel
Before raising the vehicle, ensure that all the
precautions listed at the beginning of this
section have been observed. Also, ensure that
the wheel chock is correctly positioned, as
described previously.
In some markets, vehicles fitted with alloy
wheels have one locking wheel nut fitted to
each wheel. Refer to ’Locking wheel nuts’ later
in this section before changing an alloy wheel.
• Use the wheel brace to slacken the wheel
nuts half a turn anti-clockwise.
• Raise the vehicle until the tyre is clear of
the ground, and remove the wheel nuts
and wheel (DO NOT damage the surface of
alloy wheels (if fitted) by placing them face
down on the road).
• On vehicles fitted with alloy wheels, use an
approved anti-seize compound to treat the
wheel mounting spigot to minimise the
tendency for adhesion between the wheel
and the spigot. Ensure that no oil or
compound comes into contact with the
brake components. If, due to an
emergency situation, this treatment is not
practicable; refit the spare wheel for the
time being, but remove and treat the wheel
at the earliest opportunity.
• Fit the spare wheel and lightly tighten the
wheel nuts, ensuring they are firmly
seated. DO NOT fully tighten whilst the
tyre is clear of the ground.
109
WARNING
When fitting a wheel, ensure that the mating
faces of the hub and wheel are clean and
free from rust - an accumulation of dirt or
rust could cause the wheel nuts to become
loose and result in an accident.
• Lower the vehicle and remove the jack and
wheel chock.
• Fully tighten the wheel nuts. DO NOT
OVERTIGHTEN by using foot pressure or
extension bars on the wheel brace, as this
could overstress the wheel studs.
• REMEMBER to disengage the differential
lock and change to ’H’ (high range) before
driving.
• Finally, check the tyre pressure and wheel
nut torque at the earliest opportunity, see
’General data’.
WARNING
After wheel changing, always secure tools,
chock, jack and spare wheel in their correct
storage positions.
 Wheel changing

LOCKING WHEEL NUTS

In some markets, vehicles fitted with alloy
wheels are equipped with a locking wheel nut
on each wheel. The locking wheel nut covers
are visually very similar to standard wheel
nuts but can be identified by a concave indent
on the surface. The locking wheel nut and
cover can only be removed using the special
tools provided, as follows:
• Push the extractor tool (1) firmly over the
stainless steel nut cover (2).
• Pull the extractor tool squarely away from
the wheel to remove the nut cover and
reveal the locking wheel nut (3).
• Fit the metal key socket (4) securely over
the locking wheel nut (3).
• Fit the wheel nut wrench onto the key
socket and unscrew the nut in the normal
way.

A code letter is stamped on the face of the key

socket. Ensure the code letter is entered in the
space provided on your Security Information
card - you will need to quote this letter if
replacement components are required. Keep
the card in a safe place away from the vehicle.
For security reasons, store the key socket and
extractor tool out of sight, in a secure place in
the vehicle.

NOTE: If the extractor tool has been

inadvertently pushed onto a standard wheel
nut, it can be removed ONLY by first undoing
and removing the nut; slide the wheel nut
wrench down the centre of the extractor and
onto the wheel nut.

110
 Wading plugs

WADING PLUGS

WARNING
For safety, DO NOT work underneath the
vehicle unless it is safely parked with the
wheels chocked, or is supported by heavy
duty stands.

NOTE: On some models, to access the

wading plugs, it will be necessary to remove
the front and rear engine undertray access
panels - see ’Engine undertray’, in the
’Workshop maintenance’ section of this Flywheel housing - 300 TDi
handbook.
Under severe wading conditions, the timing
cover and flywheel housing must be sealed to
prevent the ingress of mud and water. Fit the
plugs, supplied in the tool kit, as illustrated.
Remove the plugs immediately after wading,
or periodically if the vehicle is required to do
prolonged wading or very muddy work.

Engine front timing cover - 300 TDi

111
 Fuses

Fuses are simple circuit breakers which Fuses are colour coded to help identify their
protect electrical equipment by preventing the amperage, as follows:
electrical circuits from being overloaded. TAN 5
Always remove the starter key and switch off BROWN 7.5
the affected circuit before removing a fuse. RED 10
Press the fuse extractor (located on the inside BLUE 15
of the main fuse box cover) onto the head of YELLOW 20
the fuse and pull to remove. Fit a new fuse of GREEN 30 (air conditioned models
the same rating. If the replacement fuse fails only)
immediately, contact your local Land Rover The main fuse box is fitted in the centre of the
dealer and have the circuit checked. dashboard, in front of the main gear lever.
Remove the cover by releasing the fixing
WARNING screws.

Fit only replacement fuses of the same A label in the fuse box cover shows the
rating and type. Always rectify the cause of circuits protected, the fuse ratings and their
a failure before replacing a fuse. Seek locations. They are also listed on the following
qualified assistance if necessary. page.

112
 Fuses

MAIN FUSE BOX

Fuse No. Value (amps) Electrical circuit

1 15 Hazard warning lights
2 20 Interior light, horn
3 15 Wipers & washers - rear
4 15 Wipers & washers - front
5 15 Heater
6 7.5 Rear fog guard lights
7 5 Radio/cassette player
8 15 Heated rear window
9 10 Cigar lighter
10 20 Alarm sounder
11 7.5 Headlight - RH, dipped beam
12 7.5 Headlight - LH, dipped beam
13 7.5 Headlight - RH, main beam
14 7.5 Headlight - LH, main beam
15 5 Side lights - LH
16 5 Side lights - RH
17 15 Stop & reverse lights
18 20 Air conditioning
19 5 Air conditioning
20 5 Alarm system

113
Fuses

ENGINE COMPARTMENT FUSE BOX

A second fuse box, containing four main fuses
is located on the left side of the engine
compartment attached to the bulkhead.
The circuits protected, their locations and
their ratings will vary from model to model in
the vehicle range.

WARNING
Fit only replacement fuses of the same
rating and type. Always rectify the cause of
a failure before replacing a fuse. Seek
qualified assistance if necessary.

114
 Bulb replacement

REPLACEMENT BULBS Watts

Headlights ........................................................... 60/55 (Halogen H4)
Front side lights ................................................... 5
Side repeater lights .............................................. 5
Stop lights ........................................................... 21
High mounted stop light ...................................... 21
Tail lights ............................................................. 5
Direction indicator lights ..................................... 21
Number plate lights ............................................. 4
Reversing lights ................................................... 21
Rear fog guard lights ........................................... 21
Interior lights ....................................................... 10

NOTE: All bulbs must be rated at 12 volts.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Before replacing a bulb, always switch off

the starter switch and appropriate lighting
switch to prevent any possibility of a
short circuit. Only use new bulbs of the
same type and with the same
specification.

115
 Bulb replacement

HEADLIGHT UNIT
Light unit removal
To replace the headlight bulb, remove the light
unit as follows:
• Remove the screws (1) retaining the side
and direction indicator lights (2), release
them forward and disconnect the plugs.
• Remove the screws (3) and withdraw the
plastic finisher.
• Remove the headlight retaining screw (4),
rotate the headlight clockwise to
disengage and lift out the headlight.

116
 Bulb replacement

Headlight bulb
Disconnect the multi-plug (5) and remove the
rubber cover. Unhook the spring clip and
withdraw the bulb.
Replace the bulb (the larger of the three tabs
uppermost) and secure the spring clip.
Replace the rubber cover, pressing the centre
firmly to seal around the electrical contacts of
the bulb, then refit the multi-plug.

NOTE: Do not touch the bulb glass with your

fingers. If necessary, clean the bulb with
methylated spirits.

WARNING
ALWAYS fit headlight bulbs and light units
with the same Watt value as the original
specification (see ’Replacement bulbs’).
Fitting a higher rated bulb may result in
damage to the ’dim-dip’ system.

117
 Bulb replacement

Side repeater light

Side, tail, stop and direction indicator bulbs
Remove the retaining screws and withdraw
the unit.
Twist the lens anti-clockwise to release the
bulb unit.
Push and twist the bulb to remove.
Push the lens firmly to the right, lift the left
edge and withdraw the light unit from the
wing.
Twist the bulb holder to release and pull out
bulb.

118
 Bulb replacement

High mounted stop light

Remove the screws from the cover, withdraw
the cover and twist to remove the bulb holder.
Push and twist to release the bulb.
Number plate lights
Remove the securing screw, remove the cover
and pull out bulb.

Interior light
Prise the lens from the unit. Spread the bulb
Reverse and rear fog guard lights
holders to release the bulb.
Remove the retaining screws and withdraw
the lens, then push and twist to release the
bulb.

119
 Bulb replacement

Instrument illumination lights

Warning lights
Disconnect the battery (see ’Battery removal
and replacement’).
Remove the screws (2) and withdraw the
warning light module from the instrument
panel.
Disconnect the appropriate multi-plug (3),
twist and pull out the bulb holder and pull out
bulb.
Disconnect the battery (see ’Battery removal
and replacement’).
Remove the four screws (2) and ease the
instrument panel out.
If necessary, the speedometer drive cable can
be disconnected to improve access.
Twist and pull out the bulb holder (3) and pull
out bulb.
NOTE: Remember to reconnect the battery
after replacing a bulb.

NOTE: Remember to reconnect the battery

after replacing a bulb.

120
 Cleaning & vehicle care
WASHING YOUR VEHICLE
Wash your vehicle frequently using a clean,
grit free sponge and generous quantities of
cold or lukewarm water containing a car
shampoo. Rinse and dry off with a chamois
leather.
• Do not use hot water!
• Do not use detergent soap products or
washing-up liquid!
During winter months when salt has been
used on the roads, use a hose to wash the
underside of the vehicle. Pay particular
attention to wheelarches and panel seams,
and to removing accumulations of mud.
Similarly, after off-road driving or wading in
muddy or salt water conditions, use a hose to
wash underbody components and other
exposed parts of the vehicle.
When using a hose, do not direct the jet into
the Turbo air intake (if fitted), heater air intake
ducts, or through the wheel trim apertures
onto the brake components, or at the door,
window or sunroof seals, where water
pressure could penetrate the seals.
WARNING
Some high pressure cleaning systems are
sufficiently powerful to penetrate door or
window seals and damage rubbing strips
and locking mechanisms. Never aim the
water jet directly at components that might
easily be damaged.
121
Steam cleaning
Before steam cleaning the engine
compartment, cover the brake reservoir and
power steering reservoir (if fitted) to prevent
contamination. After steam cleaning, ensure
that metallic components are carefully
rewaxed, especially the steering column,
engine water pipes, hose clips and the ignition
coil clamp to prevent corrosion.
Getting rid of tar spots
Use white spirit to remove tar spots and
stubborn grease stains from paintwork. Then
wash immediately to remove all traces of
spirit.
Body protection
After washing, inspect the paintwork for
damage. Treat paint chips and scratches with
touch-up paint to prevent corrosion, and
occasionally protect the paint surface with an
application of car polish.
Glass & mirrors
Clean the rear window with a soft cloth to
avoid damaging the heating elements. DO
NOT scrape the glass or use an abrasive
cleaning fluid.
Mirror glass is particularly susceptible to
damage - DO NOT use abrasive cleaning
compounds or metal scrapers.
 Cleaning & vehicle care

LOOKING AFTER THE INTERIOR Clock and radio

• Clean with a dry cloth only! DO NOT use
WARNING cleaning fluids or sprays.
DO NOT use water to clean the dashboard, Seat belts
damage to the fuses and switches could • Extend belts, then use warm water and a
occur. Instead, clean sparingly with a damp non-detergent soap to clean. Allow to dry
cloth and approved upholstery cleaner. naturally, and do not retract until
completely dry.
• DO NOT bleach or dye the webbing.
• Clean plastic-faced or cloth covered
surfaces with diluted upholstery cleaner.
RECOMMENDED CARE PRODUCTS
• Steering wheel and trim features should
(Available in the UK)
be cleaned with a damp cloth moistened
with undiluted upholstery cleaner. Leave De icer STC 717
for five minutes, and then repeat the Alloy wheel cleaner STC 718
operation using a clean cloth and water - Glass cleaner STC 719
but avoid flooding the area! Dry and polish Shampoo STC 722
the trim with a dry, lint-free cloth. DO NOT Wax polish STC 723
use petrol, detergents, furniture creams or Screen wash STC 8249
polishes!
• Sweep carpets with a brush or vacuum
cleaner and clean with diluted nylon
upholstery cleaner.

122
 SECTION 5
Workshop maintenance

Section Contents Page

Workshop maintenance ........................... 125
Engine undertray ..................................... 129
Engine oil renewal .................................... 132
Engine oil filter renewal ............................ 133
Fuel filter renewal .................................... 134
Fuel sedimenter cleaning ......................... 136
Air cleaner element renewal ..................... 137
Spark plug check/renewal ........................ 140
Ignition wiring & HT lead check ............... 140
Distributor ............................................... 141
Drive belts ............................................... 142
Main gearbox oil renewal ......................... 150
Transfer gearbox oil renewal .................... 151
Axle oil renewal ........................................ 152
Steering swivel housing oil renewal ......... 153
Brake pad/disc check ............................... 154
Handbrake check/adjustment ................... 155
Propeller shaft lubrication ........................ 155

123
124
 Workshop maintenance

WORKSHOP MAINTENANCE Servicing schedules

This section covers workshop maintenance
for the V8 and Tdi engines only. Maintenance
of 4-cylinder petrol models should be referred
to a Land Rover dealer.
It is recommended that the maintenance
procedures covered in this section of the
handbook, should only be carried out by
qualified personnel in a fully equipped
workshop; preferably an authorised Land
Rover dealer. However, if the vehicle is being
operated in a remote area, where full
workshop facilities are not available, some
maintenance can be carried out, provided that
it is completed in safe conditions by
experienced personnel.
WARNING
DO NOT carry out any maintenance in dusty,
damp or dirty conditions.
In normal operating conditions, servicing
should be carried out at intervals of 10,000
km (6,000 miles) or every six months,
whichever is sooner.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Special operating conditions
When a vehicle is operated in extremely
arduous conditions, or on dusty, wet or
muddy terrain, more frequent attention
must be paid to servicing requirements.
For example; if your vehicle experiences
deep wading conditions, even DAILY
servicing could be necessary to ensure
the continued safe and reliable operation
of the vehicle.
Contact a Land Rover dealer for advice.

NOTE: Some of the servicing procedures

require specialised knowledge and equipment,
and therefore MUST be carried out by a
qualified person, familiar with the
maintenance and safety procedures practised
by Land Rover dealers. These NECESSARY
procedures are NOT covered in this handbook
and should be referred to a Land Rover dealer.

125
 Workshop maintenance

Emission control Road testing on dynamometers

Your vehicle is fitted with various items of (’rolling roads’)
emission control equipment, designed to meet
specific territorial requirements. WARNING
You should be aware that unauthorised Because your vehicle is equipped with
replacement, modification or tampering with permanent four-wheel drive, it is essential
this equipment by an owner or motor vehicle that any dynamometer testing is carried out
repairer, may be unlawful and subject to legal ONLY by a qualified person, familiar with
penalties. the dynamometer testing and safety
In addition, engine settings must NOT be procedures practised by Land Rover
tampered with. These have been established dealers. Contact your Land Rover dealer for
to ensure that your vehicle complies with further information.
stringent exhaust emission regulations.
Incorrect engine settings may adversely affect
exhaust emissions, engine performance and
fuel consumption, as well as causing high
temperatures, which will result in damage to
the catalytic converter (if fitted) and the
vehicle.
Replacement parts
It is essential that only Land Rover parts are
used, safety features embodied in the vehicle
may be impaired if other, non-approved parts
are used. In certain territories, legislation
prohibits the fitting of parts not to the
manufacturer’s specification.

WARNING
The fitting of parts of inferior quality, or the
carrying out of non-approved alterations or
conversions, may be dangerous and could
affect the safety of the vehicle and
occupants. It could also invalidate the terms
and conditions of the vehicle warranty.

126
 Workshop maintenance
SAFETY IN THE GARAGE
Whenever you carry out maintenance on
your vehicle, the following safety
precautions should be observed at all times.
• ALWAYS keep hands, tools and items of
clothing clear of all drive belts and pulleys
whilst they are in operation.
• DO NOT touch exhaust or cooling system
components until they are cool.
• DO NOT touch electrical leads or
components with the starter switch turned
on.
• NEVER leave the engine running in an
unventilated area; exhaust gases are
poisonous and contain carbon monoxide,
which can cause unconsciousness and
can be fatal.
• DO NOT work beneath the vehicle with the
lifting jack as the only means of support.
• Ensure sparks and naked lights are kept
away from the engine and battery
compartments.
• DO NOT use any lubricants, solvents or
sealants etc, without first reading any
warnings and instructions supplied with
these substances; they could be harmful if
improperly used.
WARNING
Remember, cooling fans and air
conditioning system condenser fans (if
fitted), may continue to operate after the
engine is switched off. Always wait until the
fans have completely stopped moving before
working in the engine compartment.
127
Fuel system safety
Fuel vapour is highly flammable and in
confined spaces, is also very explosive and
toxic. When fuel evaporates, it produces 150
times its own volume in vapour and when
mixed with air, becomes an easily ignitable
mixture; consequently even a small spillage is
very dangerous.
It is recommended that you always have a
FOAM, CO2 GAS, or POWDER type fire
extinguisher close at hand when working with
fuel or the fuel system.
ALWAYS disconnect the battery negative lead
BEFORE carrying out work on the fuel system.
WARNING
It is imperative that the battery is
disconnected BEFORE and not during any
work on the fuel system, as arcing at the
battery terminal could ignite fuel vapour in
the atmosphere.
Whenever fuel is being handled, transferred
or stored, or when carrying out work on the
fuel system, all forms of ignition MUST be
extinguished or removed, any lighting being
used MUST be flameproof and kept clear of
the fuel.
 Workshop maintenance

Poisonous liquids
Most liquids and lubricants used in motor
vehicles are poisonous and should not be
consumed or brought into contact with open
wounds. These include; battery acid,
anti-freeze, brake, clutch and power steering
fluid, as well as petrol, diesel, engine oil and
windscreen washer additives.
For your own safety, ALWAYS read and obey
all instructions printed on labels and
containers.
Used engine oil
Prolonged contact with engine oil can cause
serious skin disorders, including dermatitis
and skin cancer. ALWAYS wash thoroughly
after contact.
It is illegal to pollute drains, water courses or
soil with toxic chemicals such as used engine
oil. ALWAYS dispose of vehicle liquids and
lubricants at authorised waste disposal sites,
or at garages which provide facilities for the
receipt of discharged batteries, used engine
oil and toxic chemicals. If in doubt, contact
your Local Authority for advice.
PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT!

128
 Workshop maintenance

ENGINE UNDERTRAY • Remove the four bolts securing the

propellor shaft to the front axle and
reposition the shaft to prevent it from
fouling the undertray during removal.
• Remove the two bolts (2) securing the
undertray to the front crossmember.
• Remove the two nuts (3) securing the
undertray to the bump stop front fixing
bolts, on either side of the vehicle.
• Remove the two bolts (4) securing the
front and rear undertray together.
• Lower the undertray until it clears the
steering box and pull rearwards over the
axle to remove.
Refitting the undertray is the reverse of the
removal procedure, but take care to ensure
that the flanges of the undertray are properly
located in the rear undertray. Tighten the bolts
(2, 3 & 4) to a torque rating of 14 Nm
(10lbf/ft). Tighten the bolts securing the
propeller shaft to the frontaxle to a torque
rating of 47 Nm (35 lbf/ft).
Undertray removal
Front section:
The front undertray (1) can be removed to
gain access to the engine oil filter.
• Raise the vehicle on a ramp and position a
suitable support under the chassis front
crossmember.
• Lower the ramp slightly to improve
clearance between the axle and the
undertray.

129
 Workshop maintenance

Undertray removal
Rear section:
The rear undertray (1) can be removed to
enable access to the gearbox drain and filler
level plugs.
• Raise the vehicle on a ramp.
• Remove the two bolts (2) securing the
rear and front undertray together.
• Remove the two bolts (3) securing the
rear undertray to the chassis
crossmember.
• Remove the bolt (4) securing the
undertray to the right hand side of the
chassis.
• Pull the undertray rearwards to disengage
from the front undertray and remove.
Refitting the undertray is the reverse of the
removal procedure, but take care to ensure
that the flanges of the front undertray are
properly located. Tighten the bolts (2, 3, & 4)
to a torque rating of 14 Nm (10 lbf/ft).

130
 Workshop maintenance
UNDERTRAY ACCESS PANELS
Front:
The front access panel can be removed in
order to fit the engine timing cover wading
plug.
• Remove the five bolts securing the front
access panel to the undertray and
withdraw the panel.
• When refitting the access panel, tighten
the bolts to a torque rating of 14 Nm (10
lbf/ft).
131
Rear:
The rear access panel can be removed in
order to fit the flywheel housing wading
plug and to access the engine oil drain
plug.
• Rotate the panel anti-clockwise to
disengage the locking flanges, then
withdraw the panel from the undertray.
 Workshop maintenance

ENGINE OIL RENEWAL (all engines) NOTE: On some models, to access the engine
NOTE: For engine oil check & top-up see oil drain plug, it will be necessary to remove
’Owner maintenance’. the rear undertray access panel - see ’Engine
undertray’, earlier in this section.

WARNING With the vehicle resting on firm, level ground,

DO NOT attempt to drain the engine sump if
the engine has been running for some time,
the engine oil will be hot and may cause
severe scalding.
run the engine for a few minutes so that the
oil will drain more easily. Turn the starter
switch to position ’0’ and disconnect the
battery negative lead.
Remove the oil filler cap and position a
suitable container under the oil drain plug (4)
to collect the used oil.
Remove the drain plug and its washer and
allow the oil to drain completely.

NOTE: If, by necessity, this procedure is

being carried out in dusty or sandy
conditions, refit the drain plug as soon as the
main bulk of the oil has drained.
When the sump has fully drained, clean the
draining plug and the surrounding area of the
V8 engine
sump and refit with a new copper washer.
Refill the sump with fresh oil of the correct
specification (see ’General data’). Refit the
filler cap and let the vehicle stand for five
minutes to allow the oil to drain back into the
sump. Check the oil level using the dipstick
(as described in ’Owner maintenance’) and top
up until the correct level is obtained.

• DO NOT use oil previously drained from

the engine.
• DO NOT OVERFILL!

Tdi engine

132
 Workshop maintenance

ENGINE OIL FILTER RENEWAL

To prevent any possibility of air locks in the oil
pump, it is recommended that filter renewal is
carried out AFTER the engine oil has been
changed.

NOTE: On V8 engines, to minimise the risk of

V8 engines
Tdi engines
NOTE: On some models, to remove the oil
filter, it may be necessary to remove the front
engine undertray - see ’Engine undertray’,
earlier in this section.
draining the oil pump, ensure that the oil is at
the correct operating level before removing
the filter.
• Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and
disconnect the battery negative lead.
• Clean the area around the head of the
filter.
• Place a suitable container beneath the
filter.
• Using a strap wrench, unscrew the filter
(6) and discard it safely.
• Half fill the filter and smear the rubber
washer (7) of the new filter, with clean
engine oil of the correct specification (see
’General data’).
• Screw the filter on clockwise until the
rubber washer touches up against the
machined face, then tighten a further half
turn using hand pressure only. DO NOT
OVERTIGHTEN.
• Connect the battery negative lead and run
the engine at a fast idle for five minutes.
• Check the filter for leaks.
Stop the engine and let the vehicle stand for
five minutes to let the oil drain back into the
sump. Check the oil level (see ’Owner
maintenance’) and top up if necessary.

133
 Workshop maintenance

FUEL FILTER RENEWAL

Petrol engines
Before carrying out any work on the fuel
system, it is essential that you have read and
understood the precautions listed at the
beginning of the section (see ’Fuel system
safety’).
The fuel filter is located next to the fuel pump
on the right hand side of the chassis (when
viewed from the rear).
• Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and
disconnect the battery negative lead.

• Unscrew the centre bolt (2) and withdraw

NOTE: On 110 models the fuel filter is located
behind a protective cover (as illustrated
above). To remove the cover, unscrew the
three bolts (1).
the filter bowl (3).
• Remove the small sealing ring (4) and
withdraw the element (8).
• Remove the large sealing ring (5) and
discard the old element.
• Clean the filter bowl with clean fuel, ensure
the centre and top sealing rings (7) are in
good condition. Replace if necessary.
• Fit the new element (small hole
downwards) and refit the small and large
sealing rings (4 and 5).
• Replace filter bowl and tighten the centre
bolt.
• Connect the battery negative lead.
• Start the engine and check for leaks.

134
 Workshop maintenance

Tdi engine
• Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and
disconnect the battery negative lead.

• Clean the area around the filter head (1)

and place a container under the filter.
• Using a strap wrench, unscrew the filter
(2) and catch the fuel released in the
container.
• Wet the seal of the new filter (3) with
diesel fuel and screw the filter into
position and tighten.
• Ensure that the drain tap (4) at the base of
the filter is closed.
• Connect the battery negative lead.
• Start the engine and check for leaks.

135
 Workshop maintenance

FUEL SEDIMENTER CLEANING • Fit new seals (4) and re-assemble the
(diesel engines - if fitted) sedimenter unit.

NOTE: The fuel sedimenter should be drained
before removal; this process is covered in
’Owner maintenance’.
The fuel sedimenter is mounted on the
chassis rear side member, near the rear
wheel.
• Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and
disconnect the battery negative lead.
• Slacken off the drain plug (5) until pure
diesel is emitted, then re-tighten.
• If necessary, prime the system.
• Connect the battery negative lead.
• Start the engine and check the sedimenter
for leaks.

• Disconnect the fuel inlet pipe from the

sedimenter and raise the pipe above the
level of the fuel tank. The pipe must be
kept at this level to prevent the tank from
draining.
• Whilst supporting the sedimenter bowl
(1), unscrew the bolt on the top of the unit
(2) and then remove the bowl.
• Remove the sedimenter element (3) and
clean all parts with kerosene.

136
 Workshop maintenance

AIR CLEANER ELEMENT RENEWAL

V8 engine
Engine performance will be seriously
affected if the air cleaner element becomes
choked with dust and other airborne
particles.

• Unscrew the wing nut and washer (5).

• Remove the filter seal (6).
• Remove the element (7) from the canister.
• Discard the old element, DO NOT attempt
to clean it.

• Unscrew the two retaining nuts (1).
• Disconnect the air cleaner hose (2).
• Remove the engine breather hose (3).
• Withdraw the air cleaner canister (4).
• Insert the new element and secure with
the wing nut and washer.
• Fit the air cleaner canister.
• Fit the breather hose.
• Fit the air cleaner hose.
• Secure with the retaining straps and nuts.
NOTE: Check the dump valve (8) (see ’Air
cleaner dump valve check’).

137
 Workshop maintenance

Tdi engine • Release the two retaining clips (1).

Engine performance will be seriously
affected if the air cleaner element becomes
choked with dust and other airborne
particles.
• Raise the air cleaner slightly from its
cradle to improve access to the element.
• Unscrew the wing nut (2) and remove the
end cover.
• Unscrew the wing nut (3) and withdraw
the element.
• Clean the interior and exterior of the
casing and cover.
• Fit a new element, seal first, into the
casing.
• Secure the element with the wing nut.
• Fit the end cover and align the two arrows
(4).
• Position the air cleaner in its mounting
cradle and secure the two clips (1).

138
 Workshop maintenance

Air cleaner dump valve check - all engines

The dump valve (8) is situated on the
underside of the element housing.

• Squeeze open the dump valve (as

illustration) and check that the interior is
clean. Renew the valve if perished.

139
 Workshop maintenance

SPARK PLUG CHECK/RENEWAL IGNITION WIRING & HT LEAD CHECK

(petrol engines) Check the HT leads for insulation cracking, or
corrosion at end contacts. If the HT leads are
damaged, replace with new leads of the same
specification.

NOTE: Ensure leads are reconnected in the

correct order or the engine will misfire.

V8 engine
• Remove the HT leads from the spark
plugs.
• Remove the plugs using a spark plug
socket and ratchet.
• If they are in poor condition, replace with
new plugs of the correct specification (see
’General data’).
• Set the spark plug gaps to the correct
setting (see ’General data’).
• Fit the spark plugs and washers - DO NOT
OVERTIGHTEN.

NOTE: Fitting incorrect grades of spark plug,

may lead to piston overheating and engine
failure.
• Refit the HT leads in the correct order (as
illustration), ensuring that the leads are
firmly seated onto the plugs.

140
 Workshop maintenance

DISTRIBUTOR
V8 engines

WARNING
ALWAYS disconnect the battery negative
lead before carrying out any maintenance on
the ignition and electrical systems.

The internal operating parts of the distributor

are protected by a plastic insulating cover (1)
and are pre-set during manufacture - they do
not require maintenance.
• Clean the outer surfaces of the distributor
WARNING cap to remove dirt or grease.

DO NOT remove or tamper with the plastic
insulating cover.
• Unclip the cap and check it for cracks.
Clean the inside of the cap with a dry, lint
free cloth.
• Remove the rotor arm and check it for
wear - replace if necessary.
• Apply a spot of clean engine oil to the top
of the rotor spindle (2).
• Fit the rotor arm and distributor cap,
ensuring that they are properly located.
Secure the distributor cap with the two
clips.

141
 Workshop maintenance

DRIVE BELTS DRIVE BELT - 300 Tdi engine

Driving belt tension The 300 Tdi engine uses a ’serpentine’ type
All pulleys and belts should be examined drive belt, which drives all the ancillaries
regularly for any damage, deterioration or except for the air conditioning compressor
fouling (grit, mud, oil etc). Replace or clean and 24 Volt alternator (if fitted).
where necessary.
After every off-road session, the drive belts
should be inspected for cuts and possible
damage caused by stones. If a belt has
jumped, reposition it correctly and, if
necessary, replace it at the earliest
opportunity.

WARNING
Before checking or adjusting any drive belt;
to prevent the possibility of serious injury,
disconnect the battery negative lead to
prevent the engine from being started.
An automatic drive belt tensioner keeps the
belt at the correct tension, thereby eliminating
the need to manually check the belt deflection.
Under normal highway use, the belt must be
changed at 160,000 km (96,000 mile) or eight
year intervals (whichever occurs first), but
should be examined regularly for signs of
wear, splitting or oil contamination and
replaced accordingly.

142
 Workshop maintenance
ALTERNATOR DRIVE BELT
V8 engine (without air-conditioning)
Check the belt deflection with thumb pressure,
mid-way between the alternator and
crankshaft pulleys. Movement should be
approximately 12 mm (0.5 in). If adjustment
is necessary;
• Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and
disconnect the battery negative lead.
• Loosen bolts (2).
• Loosen the adjustment bolts (3).
• Pivot the alternator away from, or towards
the engine, to increase, or reduce tension.
• Tighten the UPPER adjustment bolt (3).
• Tighten the LOWER adjustment bolt (3).
• Tighten both bolts (2).
• Connect the battery, run the engine for five
minutes at a fast idle and then switch off.
• Re-check belt tension.
143
V8 engine (with air-conditioning)
Check the belt deflection with thumb pressure,
mid-way between the steering pump and
alternator pulleys (arrowed (1) in illustration).
Movement should be between 4 and 6 mm
(0.16 and 0.25 in). If adjustment is necessary;
• Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and
disconnect the battery negative lead.
• Slacken the adjustment link clamp and
pivot bolts (2).
• Slacken the two alternator pivot bolts (3).
• Move the alternator towards, or away from
the engine to decrease, or increase
tension.
 Workshop maintenance

WARNING
DO NOT use a lever to move the alternator.
ONLY apply hand pressure to the alternator
body when adjusting drive belt tension.

• Tighten the adjustment link clamp and

pivot bolts (2).
• Tighten the alternator pivot bolts (3).
• Connect the battery, run the engine for five
minutes at a fast idle and then switch off.
• Re-check belt tension.

144
 Workshop maintenance

POWER STEERING PUMP DRIVE BELT WARNING

V8 engine
(without air-conditioning)
Check belt deflection with thumb pressure
mid-way between the crankshaft and steering
pump pulley. Movement should be between 4
and 6 mm (0.16 and 0.25 in). If adjustment is
necessary;
DO NOT lever, or apply pressure to the pump
body to tension the belt, as damage to the
pump may occur.
• Tighten adjustment clamp bolt (3).
• Tighten the two pivot bolts (2).
• Connect the battery, run the engine for five
minutes at a fast idle and then switch off.
• Re-check belt tension.

• Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and

disconnect the battery negative lead.
• Slacken the two pivot bolts (2).
• Slacken the pump adjustment clamp bolt
(3).
• Move the pump in the required direction to
obtain the correct tension.

145
 Workshop maintenance

POWER STEERING PUMP DRIVE BELT

V8 engine
(with air-conditioning)
Check the belt deflection with thumb pressure,
mid-way between the crankshaft and steering
pump pulleys. Movement should be between
4 and 6 mm (0.16 and 0.25 in). If adjustment
is necessary;

• Slacken the two steering pump pivot bolts

(4).
• Move the steering pump in the required
direction to achieve the correct tension.

WARNING
DO NOT lever, or apply pressure to the pump
body to tension the belt, as damage to the
pump may occur.

• Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and

disconnect the battery negative lead.
• Slacken the alternator adjustment link
clamp and pivot bolts (2) (see ’Alternator
drive belt - V8 engine with
air-conditioning’).
• Slacken the steering pump adjustment
clamp bolt (3).
• Tighten the pump adjustment clamp bolt
(3).
• Tighten the two pump pivot bolts (4).
• Adjust the alternator drive belt (see
’Alternator drive belt - V8 engine with
air-conditioning’).
• Connect the battery, run the engine for five
minutes at a fast idle and then switch off.
• Re-check both steering pump and
alternator belt tension.

146
 Workshop maintenance

AIR CONDITIONING COMPRESSOR

DRIVE BELT
Tdi engine
Correct belt tension an only be achieved using
a suitably calibrated torque meter.

• Slacken the 3 bolts (1) securing the

tensioner.
• Apply a clockwise torque of 35 Nm to the
square drive (2) of the tensioner and
tighten the bolts to 25 Nm.

147
 Workshop maintenance

AIR CONDITIONING COMPRESSOR WARNING

DRIVE BELT
V8 engine
Check the belt deflection with thumb pressure,
mid-way between the compressor and
fan/water pump pulley. Movement should be
approximately 4 mm to 6 mm (0.16 to 0.25
in). If adjustment is necessary;
DO NOT lever, or apply pressure to the
compressor, as this could cause permanent
damage.
• Tighten the clamp bolts (3).
• Tighten the pivot bolt (4).
• Check tension.
• Connect the battery, run the engine for five
minutes at a fast idle and then switch off.
• Re-check the belt tension.

• Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and

disconnect the battery negative lead.
• Slacken the two compressor mounting
bracket clamp bolts (3).
• Slacken the pivot bolt (4) in the centre of
the bracket.
• Move the compressor towards/away from
the engine, to decrease/increase the
tension as required.

148
 Workshop maintenance

FAN BELT
V8 engine (with air conditioning)
On vehicles fitted with air conditioning, a
tensioner pulley is fitted. Check the belt
deflection with thumb pressure, mid-way
between the fan and crankshaft pulleys, on the
side opposite the tensioner pulley. Movement
should be approximately 4 mm to 6 mm (0.16
to 0.25 in). If adjustment is necessary;

• Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and

disconnect the battery negative lead.
• Slacken the tensioner pulley pinch bolt (2).
• Move the pulley to the left/right to
increase/decrease tension.
• Tighten the pulley pinch bolt.
• Connect the battery, run the engine for five
minutes at a fast idle and then switch off.
• Re-check the belt tension.

149
 Workshop maintenance
MAIN GEARBOX OIL RENEWAL
WARNING
For safety, DO NOT work underneath the
vehicle unless it is safely parked with the
wheels chocked, or is supported by heavy
duty stands.
Extreme care should be taken when draining
gearbox oil, it may be hot and cause severe
scalding.
Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, level
ground and chock the wheels. Place a suitable
container under the gearbox to catch the used
oil.
NOTE: On some models, to access the main
gearbox drain and fill plugs, it will be
necessary to remove the rear section of the
engine undertray - see ’Engine undertray’,
earlier in this section.
150
• Clean the area surrounding the drain plug
(2) and filler level plug (3), to prevent
contamination of the gearbox.
• Remove the drain plug (2) and allow the
oil to drain completely.
• Clean and refit the drain plug.
• Remove the filler level plug (3) and inject
the correct grade of oil (see ’General data’)
until it begins to run from the hole.
WARNING
Use only NEW oil - DO NOT use oil
previously drained from the system.
• Clean and refit the filler level plug.
• Wipe any surplus oil from the area and
remove the wheel chocks.
 Workshop maintenance
TRANSFER GEARBOX OIL RENEWAL
WARNING
For safety, DO NOT work underneath the
vehicle unless it is safely parked with the
wheels chocked, or is supported by heavy
duty stands.
Extreme care should be taken when draining
gearbox oil, it may be hot and cause severe
scalding.
Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, level
ground and chock the wheels. Place a suitable
container under the gearbox to catch the used
oil.
• Clean the area surrounding the drain plug
(2) and filler level (3) plug, to prevent
contamination of the gearbox.
• Remove the drain plug (2) and allow the
oil to drain completely.
151
• Clean and refit the plug with a new
washer. Tighten to a torque of 30 Nm (23
lbf/ft).
• Remove the filler level plug (3) and inject
the correct grade of oil (see ’General data’)
until it begins to run from the hole.
WARNING
Use only NEW oil - DO NOT use oil
previously drained from the system.
• Clean and refit the filler level plug. Tighten
to a torque of 30 Nm (23 lbf/ft).
• Wipe any surplus oil from the area and
remove the wheel chocks.
 Workshop maintenance

FRONT/REAR AXLE OIL RENEWAL • Clean and refit the drain plug.
• Remove the filler level plug (3) and inject
WARNING the correct grade of oil (see ’General data’)
until it begins to run from the hole.
For safety, DO NOT work underneath the
vehicle unless it is safely parked with the WARNING
wheels chocked, or is supported by heavy Use only NEW oil - DO NOT use oil
duty stands. previously drained from the system.
Extreme care should be taken when draining
axle oil, it may be hot and cause severe
scalding. • Clean and refit the filler level plug.
• Wipe any surplus oil from the area and
remove the wheel chocks.
NOTE: A front axle is illustrated, but the
procedure is the same for both axles.
Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, level
ground and chock the wheels. Place a suitable
container under the axle to be drained to catch
the used oil.

• Clean the area surrounding the drain plug

(2) and filler level plug (3), to prevent
contamination of the axles.
• Remove the drain plug (2) and allow the
oil to drain completely.

152
 Workshop maintenance

STEERING SWIVEL HOUSING OIL RENEWAL WARNING

WARNING
For safety, DO NOT work underneath the
vehicle unless it is safely parked with the
wheels chocked, or is supported by heavy
duty stands.
Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, level
ground and chock the wheels. Place a suitable
container under each swivel housing to catch
the used oil.
Use only NEW oil - DO NOT use oil
previously drained from the system.
• Clean and refit both the filler and level
plugs.
• Wipe any surplus oil from the area and
remove the wheel chocks.
• Repeat the procedure on the other swivel
housing.
NOTE: On later models, both the level plug
and filler plug have been deleted. The
assembly is injected with grease at
manufacture and is maintenance free.

• Clean the area surrounding the drain plug

(2), level plug (3) and filler plug (4), to
prevent contamination.
• Remove the drain plug (2) and filler plug
(4) to allow the oil to drain completely.
• Clean and refit the drain plug.
• Remove the level plug (3) and inject the
correct grade of oil until it begins to run
from the hole.

153
 Workshop maintenance

BRAKE PAD, DISC AND CALIPER CHECK

If the vehicle is being operated in arduous
conditions, especially when deep mud and/or
wading situations are regularly encountered,
the condition of the brake pads, discs and
calipers should be checked at least weekly, if
not even more frequently.
Hydraulic disc brakes are fitted to the front
and rear wheels, they are self adjusting and
therefore, no provision for manual adjustment
is made.

• Check the thickness of the brake pads,

which should not be less than 3mm
(0.125 in).
• Check for uneven brake pad wear.
• Check for oil contamination on the brake
discs and pads.
• Check condition of the brake discs for
wear and/or corrosion.
• Check the brake calipers for any leaking
brake fluid.
If necessary, any replacement or rectification
of discs, brakes or calipers, should be carried
out by a Land Rover dealer.

154
 Workshop maintenance

HANDBRAKE CHECK/ADJUSTMENT • Finally, slacken the adjusting bolt by

WARNING
For safety, DO NOT work underneath the
vehicle unless it is safely parked with the
wheels chocked, or is supported by heavy
duty stands.
turning it 1.5 turns anti-clockwise.
The brake drum should now be free to rotate,
and the brakes shoes correctly adjusted.
PROPELLER SHAFT LUBRICATION

Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, level

ground and chock the wheels.
If the parking brake movement is excessive,
adjust as follows:
• Raise one rear wheel clear of the ground
and ensure it is supported securely with
an axle stand.
• Release the handbrake.

• Clean all the grease nipples on the front

and rear propshaft universal joints (1).
Charge a low pressure hand grease gun
with the recommended grade of grease
(see ’General data’) and apply to the
grease nipples (2).

WARNING
Any additional greasing of the propshaft
MUST be carried out by an authorised Land
Rover dealer.

• Tighten the adjusting bolt (3) until brake

drum will not rotate (by hand).
• Further tighten the adjusting bolt to a
torque of 25 Nm (18 lbf/ft) to ensure that
the brake drum is locked - if this is not the
case, consult a Land Rover dealer.

155
156
 SECTION 6
General data

Section Contents Page

Lubricants & fluids .................................. 159
Capacities ................................................ 161
Engine data .............................................. 162
Steering ................................................... 164
Electrical system ...................................... 164
Replacement bulbs .................................. 164
Dimensions ............................................. 165
Off-road performance .............................. 166
Towing weights ....................................... 167
Vehicle weights ........................................ 167
Fuel consumption .................................... 170
Wheels & tyres ........................................ 171

157
158
 General data

LUBRICANTS AND FLUIDS

Recommendations for all climates and conditions.

COMPONENTS AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ° C

Specification SAE -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Petrol engine sump

Oils must meet 5W/30
RES.22.OL.G4 or 5W/40, 5W/50
ACEA A2:96 10W/30
or API service levels SG or SH 10W/40,
10W/50
10W/60
Diesel engine sump 5W/30
5W/40, 5W/50
Diesel oils meeting
RES 22.OL.PD2 or 10W/30
ACEA B2:96 (or API CE) 10W/40
10W/50
15W/40
Main gearbox
ATF Dexron II D
Transfer gearbox
MIL-L-2105 or 90W EP
MIL-L-2105B, C & D 80W EP
Final drive units, swivel pin housings
MIL-L-2105 or 90W EP
MIL-L-2105B, C & D 80W EP
Power steering
ATF M2C 33 (F or G) or L
ATF Dexron II D

159
 General data

Lubrication nipples (hubs, ball joints, prop. shafts, etc.)

NLGI-2 Multipurpose Lithium based grease
Battery terminals
Petroleum jelly. DO NOT use silicone grease
Brake and clutch reservoirs
Universal brake fluids or any brake fluid having a minimum boiling point of 260° C
(500° F) and complying with FMVSS 116 DOT4
Windscreen washers
Screen washer fluid
Engine cooling system (petrol & diesel models)
Ethylene glycol based anti-freeze (containing no methanol) with non-phosphate corrosion
inhibitors suitable for use in aluminium engines. Use one part anti-freeze to one part water
for protection down to -33° F (-36° C)
Air conditioning compressor
Nippondenso ND-8 or Unipart ND-8
Door locks (anti-burst) and inertia reels
DO NOT LUBRICATE. These components are lubricated for life during manufacture.

160
 General data

CAPACITIES
The following capacities are approximate and provided as a guide only. All oil levels must be set
using the dipstick or level plugs as applicable.

Fuel tank - usable capacity

- rear (110 & 130 models) ................................................... 79,50 litre (17.50 gall)
- side (except 110 SW) ........................................................ 68,20 litre (15.00 gall)
- side (110 SW only) ............................................................ 45,50 litre (10.00 gall)
- side (90 models) ................................................................ 54,58 litre (12.00 gall)
Engine sump
- Tdi models ......................................................................... 5,80 litre (10.15 pt)
- V8 petrol models ............................................................... 5,10 litre (9.00 pt)
- 4-cylinder petrol models .................................................... 6,00 litre (10.56 pt)
Additional capacity after fitting new oil filter
- Tdi models ......................................................................... 0,85 litre (1.50 pt)
- V8 petrol models ............................................................... 0,56 litre (1.00 pt)
- 4-cylinder petrol models .................................................... 0,85 litre (1.50 pt)
Main gearbox ............................................................................. 2,38 litre (4.19 pt)
Transfer box .............................................................................. 2,30 litre (4.00 pt)
Front differential ......................................................................... 1,70 litre (3.00 pt)
Rear differential
- (90 models) ....................................................................... 1,70 litre (3.00 pt)
- (110 models) ..................................................................... 2,26 litre (4.00 pt)
Cooling system,
- Tdi models ......................................................................... 11,10 litre (20.00 pt)
- V8 petrol models ............................................................... 12,80 litre (22.50 pt)
- 4-cylinder petrol models .................................................... 10,80 litre (19.00 pt)

161
 General data

Engine - Tdi
Bore ....................................................................... 90,47 mm (3.562 in)
Stroke .................................................................... 97,00 mm (3.819 in)
Number of cylinders .............................................. 4
Cylinder capacity ................................................... 2495 cc (152 cu in)
Compression ratio ................................................. 19.5:1
Firing order ............................................................ 1, 3, 4, 2
Injection timing ...................................................... 1,54 mm lift at T.D.C.
Tappet clearance, inlet ........................................... 0,20 mm (0.008 in)
} Engine hot or cold
Tappet clearance, exhaust ...................................... 0,20 mm (0.008 in)
Valve timing (No. 1 exhaust valve peak) ................ 109°
Engine - diesel (non-turbo)
Bore ....................................................................... 90,47 mm (3.562 in)
Stroke .................................................................... 97,00 mm (3.819 in)
Number of cylinders .............................................. 4
Cylinder capacity ................................................... 2495 cc (152 cu in)
Compression ratio ................................................. 21.0:1
Firing order ............................................................ 1, 3, 4, 2
Injection timing ...................................................... Set
Tappet clearance, inlet ........................................... 0.25 mm (0.010 in)
} Engine hot or cold
Tappet clearance, exhaust ...................................... 0.25 mm (0.010 in)
Valve timing (No.1 exhaust valve peak) ................. 106° to 109°

162
 General data

Engine - V8 petrol
Bore ....................................................................... 88,90 mm (3.500 in)
Stroke .................................................................... 71,12 mm (2.800 in)
Number of cylinders .............................................. 8
Cylinder capacity ................................................... 3528 cc (215 cu in)
Compression ratio ................................................. 9.35:1
Firing order ............................................................ 1, 8, 4, 3, 6, 5, 7, 2
Sparking plug type ................................................. Champion RN9YC
Sparking plug gap ................................................. 0,72 to 0,88 mm (0.028 to 0.035 in)
Distributor ............................................................. Electronic
Ignition timing, dynamic; ....................................... 4° BTDC ± 1° with vacuum pipe disconnected
Engine - 4-cylinder petrol
Bore ....................................................................... 90,47 mm (3.562 in)
Stroke .................................................................... 97,00 mm (3.819 in)
Number of cylinders .............................................. 4
Cylinder capacity ................................................... 2495 cc (152 cu in)
Compression ratio ................................................. 8.0:1
Firing order ............................................................ 1,3,4,2
Sparking plug type ................................................. Champion N9YC
Sparking plug gap ................................................. 0,72 to 0,88 mm (0.028 to 0.035 in)
Distributor contact breaker gap ............................. 0,35 to 0,40 mm (0.014 to 0. 016 in)
Ignition timing, dynamic; ....................................... 16° BDTC ± 1° with vacuum pipe disconnected

163
 General data

STEERING (lock to lock)

Manual ................................................................... 4.3 turns
Power assisted ...................................................... 3.38 turns
Camber angle ........................................................ Zero
Castor angle .......................................................... 3°
Swivel pin inclination ............................................. 7°
Front wheel toe-out ............................................... 0 to 2 mm
Turning circle between kerbs:
90 models:
- 750 x 16 tyres ..................................................... 11,7 m (38.4 ft)
- 205 x 16 tyres ..................................................... 11,7 m (38.4 ft)
- 265/75 x 16 tyres ................................................ 12,65 m (41.5 ft)
110 models:
- 750 x 16 tyres ..................................................... 13,41 m (44 ft)
130 models:
- 750 x 16 tyres ..................................................... 15,24 m (50 ft)

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Type ...................................................................... Negative earth
Voltage .................................................................. 12
Battery
- Tdi models .......................................................... 380/120/90
- petrol models ...................................................... 210/85/90
Charging circuit ..................................................... Alternator
Ignition system
- petrol models ...................................................... Coil

REPLACEMENT BULBS
Headlights ............................................................. 60/55 W Halogen bulb
Front side lights ..................................................... 12 V 5 W
Side repeater lights ................................................ 12 V 5 W
Stop lights ............................................................. 12 V 21 W
Tail lights ............................................................... 12 V 5 W
Direction indicator lights ........................................ 12 V 21 W
Number plate lights ............................................... 12 V 4 W
Reversing lights ..................................................... 12 V 21 W
Rear fog guard lights ............................................. 12 V 21 W
Interior lights ......................................................... 12 V 10 W

164
 General data

DIMENSIONS
90 models
Overall length:
- Soft top & Pick-up ............................................... 3722 mm (146.5 in)
- Hard top & Station wagon ................................... 3883 mm (152.9 in)
Overall width .......................................................... 1790 mm (70.5 in)
Overall height:
- Soft top ............................................................... 1965 mm (77.4 in)
- Pick-up & Station wagon ..................................... 1963 mm (77.3 in)
- Hard top .............................................................. 1972 mm (77.6 in)
Wheelbase ............................................................. 2360 mm (92.9 in)
Track front/rear ...................................................... 1486 mm (58.5 in)
Width between wheel boxes .................................. 925 mm (36.4 in)

110 models
Overall length:
- Soft top & Pick-up ............................................... 4438 mm (175 in)
- High capacity pick-up .......................................... 4631 mm (182 in)
- Hard top/Station wagon & County ....................... 4599 mm (181 in)
Overall width .......................................................... 1790 mm (70.5 in)
Overall height ......................................................... 2035 mm (80.1 in)
Wheelbase ............................................................. 2794 mm (110 in)
Track front/rear ...................................................... 1486 mm (58.5 in)
Width between wheel boxes:
- High capacity pick-up .......................................... 1090 mm (43 in)
- all other models ................................................... 925 mm (36.4 in)

130 models
Overall length ......................................................... 5132 mm (202 in)
Overall width .......................................................... 1790 mm (70.5 in)
Overall height ......................................................... 2035 mm (80.1 in)
Wheelbase ............................................................. 3226 mm (127 in)
Track front/rear ...................................................... 1486 mm (58.5 in)
Width between wheel boxes 1090 mm (43 in)

165
 General data

OFF-ROAD PERFORMANCE
90 models
Max. gradient (EEC kerb weight) ............................ 45°
Approach angle:
- Soft top & Pick-up (EEC kerb weight) ................. 48°
- Hard top & Station wagon (EEC kerb weight) ...... 51.5°
Departure angle
- Soft top & Pick-up (EEC kerb weight) ................. 49°
- Hard top & Station wagon (EEC kerb weight) ...... 53°
Wading depth ........................................................ 500 mm (20 in)
Min. ground clearance (unladen):
- Soft top & Pick-up ............................................... 191 mm (7.5 in)
- Hard top & Station wagon ................................... 229 mm (9.0 in)

NOTE: Departure angles do not account for the addition of a tow hitch.
110 & 130 models
Max. gradient (EEC kerb weight) ............................ 45°
Approach angle (EEC kerb weight) ......................... 50°
Departure angle (EEC kerb weight)
110 models ............................................................ 35°
130 models ............................................................ 34°
Wading depth ........................................................ 500 mm (20 in)
Min. ground clearance (unladen) ........................... 215 mm (8.5 in)

NOTE: Departure angles do not account for the addition of a tow hitch.

166
 General data

TOWING WEIGHTS On-road Off-road

- Unbraked trailers ............................................ 750 kg (1653 lb) 500 kg (1102 lb)
- Trailers with overrun brakes .......................... 3500 kg (7716 lb) 1000 kg (2204 lb)
- 4 wheel trailers with coupled brakes* ............ 4000 kg (8818 lb) 1000 kg (2204 lb)

Nose weight ........................................................ 75 kg (165 lb) 75 kg (165 lb)

NOTE: * Only applies to vehicles modified to accept coupled brakes.

NOTE: All weight figures are subject to local restrictions.

VEHICLE WEIGHTS
90 models Standard High load
Max front axle weight ...................................... 1200 kg (2645 lb) 1200 kg (2645 lb)
Max rear axle weight ........................................ 1380 kg (3042 lb) 1500 kg (3307 lb)
Gross vehicle weight ........................................ 2400 kg (5291 lb) 2550 kg (5622 lb)
110 models Levelled Unlevelled
Max front axle weight ...................................... 1200 kg (2645 lb) 1200 kg (2645 lb)
Max rear axle weight ........................................ 1750 kg (3858 lb) 1850 kg (4078 lb)
Gross vehicle weight ........................................ 2950 kg (6503 lb) 3050 kg (6724 lb)

130 models
Max front axle weight ...................................... 1580 kg (3483 lb)
Max rear axle weight ........................................ 2200 kg (4850 lb)
Gross vehicle weight ........................................ 3500 kg (7716 lb)

NOTE: Axle weights are non additive. The individual maximum axle weights and gross vehicle
weight must not be exceeded.

167
 General data

EEC KERB WEIGHT

90 models Standard High load
Soft top:
- 4-cyl petrol .................................................... 1636 kg (3606 lb) 1640 kg (3615 lb)
- V8 petrol ....................................................... 1627 kg (3587 lb) 1627 kg (3587 lb)
- Tdi ................................................................. 1695 kg (3736 lb) 1699 kg (3745 lb)
Pick-up:
- 4-cyl petrol .................................................... 1636 kg (3606 lb) 1640 kg (3615 lb)
- V8 petrol ....................................................... 1627 kg (3587 lb) 1627 kg (3587 lb)
- Tdi ................................................................. 1694 kg (3734 lb) 1698 kg (3743 lb)
Hard top:
- 4-cyl petrol .................................................... 1683 kg (3710 lb) 1687 kg (3719 lb)
- V8 petrol ....................................................... 1672 kg (3686 lb) 1672 kg (3686 lb)
- Tdi ................................................................. 1746 kg (3849 lb) 1750 kg (3858 lb)
Station wagon:
- 4-cyl petrol .................................................... 1701 kg (3750 lb) 1705 kg (3758 lb)
- V8 petrol ....................................................... 1690 kg (3725 lb) 1690 kg (3725 lb)
- Tdi ................................................................. 1793 kg (3952 lb) 1797 kg (3961 lb)
EEC kerb weight = Unladen weight + Full fuel tank + 75 kg driver.

168
 General data

EEC KERB WEIGHT

110 models Levelled Unlevelled
Soft top:
- 4-cyl petrol .................................................... 1805 kg (3979 lb) 1815 kg (4001 lb)
- V8 petrol ....................................................... 1806 kg (3981 lb) 1816 kg (4003 lb)
- Tdi ................................................................. 1872 kg (4127 lb) 1882 kg (4149 lb)
Pick-up:
- 4-cyl petrol .................................................... 1815 kg (4001 lb) 1825 kg (4023 lb)
- V8 petrol ....................................................... 1815 kg (4001 lb) 1825 kg (4023 lb)
- Tdi ................................................................. 1880 kg (4144 lb) 1890 kg (4166 lb)
H.C. pick-up:
- 4-cyl petrol .................................................... 1853 kg (4085 lb) 1863 kg (4107 lb)
- V8 petrol ....................................................... 1853 kg (4085 lb) 1863 kg (4107 lb)
- Tdi ................................................................. 1917 kg (4226 lb) 1927 kg (4248 lb)
Hard top:
- 4-cyl petrol .................................................... 1840 kg (4056 lb) 1850 kg (4078 lb)
- V8 petrol ....................................................... 1840 kg (4056 lb) 1850 kg (4078 lb)
- Tdi ................................................................. 1913 kg (4217 lb) 1923 kg (4239 lb)
Station wagon:
- 4-cyl petrol .................................................... 1943 kg (4283 lb) 1953 kg (4305 lb)
- V8 petrol ....................................................... 1944 kg (4285 lb) 1954 kg (4307 lb)
- Tdi ................................................................. 2018 kg (4448 lb) 2028 kg (4470 lb)
County S.W:
- 4-cyl petrol .................................................... 1979 kg (4362 lb) 1989 kg (4385 lb)
- V8 petrol ....................................................... 1980 kg (4365 lb) 1990 kg (4387 lb)
- Tdi ................................................................. 2054 kg (4528 lb) 2064 kg (4550 lb)

130 models
Crew cab & H.C. pick-up
- V8 petrol ....................................................... 2012 kg (4435 lb)
- Tdi ................................................................. 2086 kg (4598 lb)
EEC kerb weight = Unladen weight + Full fuel tank + 75 kg driver.

169
 General data

FUEL CONSUMPTION
The fuel consumption figures shown below have been calculated using a standard testing
procedure (the new EC test procedure from Directive 93/116/EC), and produced in accordance
with The Passenger Car Fuel Consumption (Amendment) Order 1996. Under normal use, a car’s
actual fuel consumption figures may differ from those achieved through the test procedure,
depending on driving technique, road and traffic conditions, environmental factors, vehicle and
load conditions.

URBAN EXTRA-URBAN COMBINED

mpg l/100km mpg l/100km mpg l/100km

90 models:
300 TDi 24.2 11.8 32.5 8.7 28.8 9.8

110 & 130 models:

300 TDi 22.7 12.5 32.4 8.7 27.9 10.1

Urban cycle
The urban test cycle is carried out from a cold start and consists of a series of accelerations,
decelerations and periods of steady speed driving and engine idling. The maximum speed attained
during the test is 31 mph (50 km/h), with an average speed of 12 mph (19 km/h).

Extra-urban cycle
The extra-urban test cycle is carried out immediately after the urban test. Approximately half the
test comprises steady speed driving, while the remainder consists of a series of accelerations,
decelerations and engine idling. The maximum test speed is 75 mph (120 km/h) and the average
speed 39 mph (63 km/h). The test is carried out over a distance of 4.3 miles (7 km).

Combined
The combined figure is an average of the urban and the extra-urban test cycle results, which has
been weighted to take account of the different distances covered during the two tests.

NOTE: These figures should not be compared with the figures produced using the ECE/EEC
procedure previously required by The Passenger Car Fuel Consumption Order 1983. Because of
the changes in test procedure, even the urban figures would differ if the same car were subjected
to both tests.

170
 General data

TYRE SIZE AND PRESSURES

90 models: Front Rear

Normal - all load conditions
205 R16 radial ................................................ 1,9 bar 2,4 bar
& 265/75 R16 radial (multi-terrain) 28 lbf/in2 35 lbf/in2
2,0 kgf/cm2 2,5 kgf/cm2
750 R16 radial ................................................ 1,9 bar 2,75 bar
28 lbf/in2 40 lbf/in2
2,0 kgf/cm2 2,8 kgf/cm2

WARNING
Tyre pressures must be checked with the
tyres cold, as the pressure is about 0.21 bar
(3 lbf/in2) 0.2 kgf/cm2 higher at running
temperature. If the vehicle has been parked
in the sun or high ambient temperatures, DO
NOT reduce the tyre pressures, move the
vehicle into the shade and wait for the tyres
to cool before checking the pressures.
WARNING
ALWAYS use the same make and type of
radial-ply tyres, front and rear. DO NOT use
cross-ply tyres, or interchange tyres from
front to rear.
• If the wheel is marked ’TUBED’, an inner
tube MUST be fitted, even with a
tubeless tyre.
• If the wheel is marked ’TUBELESS’, an
inner tube must NOT be fitted.

171
 General data

110 models: Front Rear

750 R16 Radial
Normal - all load conditions ............................. 1,9 bar 3,3 bar
28 lbf/in2 48 lbf/in2
2,0 kgf/cm2 3,4 kgf/cm2
130 models:
750 R16 Radial
Normal - all load conditions ............................. 3,0 bar 4,5 bar
44 lbf/in2 65 lbf/in2
3,1 kgf/cm2 4,6 kgf/cm2

WARNING
Tyre pressures must be checked with the
tyres cold, as the pressure is about 0.21 bar
(3 lbf/in2, 0.2 kgf/cm2) higher at running
temperature. If the vehicle has been parked
in the sun or high ambient temperatures, DO
NOT reduce the tyre pressures, move the
vehicle into the shade and wait for the tyres
to cool before checking the pressures.
WARNING
ALWAYS use the same make and type of
radial-ply tyres, front and rear. DO NOT use
cross-ply tyres, or interchange tyres from
front to rear.
• If the wheel is marked ’TUBED’, an inner
tube MUST be fitted, even with a
tubeless tyre.
• If the wheel is marked ’TUBELESS’, an
inner tube must NOT be fitted.

172
 SECTION 7
Parts & accessories

Section Contents Page

Parts & accessories ................................. 175
Electrical equipment ................................ 175
After sales service .................................... 176
Travelling abroad ..................................... 176

173
174
 Parts & accessories
PARTS AND ACCESSORIES
Your vehicle has been designed,
manufactured and proven to cope with the
most rigorous driving conditions. As such,
fitting parts and accessories that have been
developed and tested to the same stringent
standards is essential to guarantee the
continued reliability, safety and performance
of the vehicle.
To augment the vehicles’ already awesome
ability, a comprehensive and versatile range of
quality spare parts and accessories are
available to fulfil a wide variety of roles, both
enhancing and protecting the vehicle in the
many tasks to which it can be applied.
Genuine Land Rover Parts are the ONLY parts
built to original equipment specifications AND
approved by Land Rover designers - this
means that every single part and accessory
has been rigorously tested by the same
engineering team that designed and built the
vehicle and can therefore be GUARANTEED for
twelve months with UNLIMITED MILEAGE.
A full list and description of all available
accessories is available from your Land Rover
dealer.
Always consult your dealer for advice
regarding the approval, suitability, installation
and use of any parts or accessories before
fitting.
175
WARNING
The fitting of parts and accessories of
inferior quality, or the carrying out of
non-approved conversions, may be
dangerous and could affect the safety of the
vehicle and occupants and invalidate the
terms and conditions of the vehicle
warranty.
Always consult a Land Rover dealer before
fitting accessories, and before commencing
any conversion or alteration to the vehicles’
original specification.
Electrical equipment
WARNING
It is extremely hazardous to fit or replace
parts or accessories whose installation
requires the dismantling of or addition to
either the electrical or fuel system.
Fitting inferior quality parts or accessories,
may be dangerous and could invalidate the
vehicle warranty.
 Parts & accessories

After sales service

The After Sales Parts service is of paramount
importance, both in the UK and across the
world. In the UK there are over 100 authorised
Land Rover dealers, all computer linked for
rapid ordering of parts and accessories.
In addition, with franchised representation in
over 100 countries worldwide, Land Rover are
able to support your vehicle wherever you go.
A full list of Land Rover dealers is included in
the literature pack.
Only Land Rover dealers are able to provide
the full range of recommended parts and
accessories that meet our rigorous standards
of safety, durability and performance.
Travelling abroad
In certain countries, it is illegal to fit parts
which have not been made to the vehicle
manufacturers’ specification.
Owners should ensure that any parts or
accessories fitted to the vehicle while
travelling abroad, will conform to the legal
requirements of their own country when they
return home.

176

This section of the handbook is devoted to
your vehicle’s superb off-road driving
capabilities.
Before venturing off-road however, it is
absolutely essential that inexperienced
drivers become fully familiar with the vehicle’s
controls, in particular the transfer gearbox,
and also study the off-road driving techniques
described on the following pages.
177
SECTION 8
Off-road driving
Section Contents Page
Basic off-road techniques ........................ 179
Driving on soft surfaces & dry sand ........ 183
Driving on slippery surfaces .................... 184
Driving on rough tracks ........................... 184
Climbing steep slopes .............................. 185
Descending steep slopes ......................... 186
Traversing a slope ................................... 187
Negotiating a ’V’ shaped gully .................. 187
Driving in existing wheel tracks ............... 187
Crossing a ridge ...................................... 187
Crossing a ditch ....................................... 187
Wading .................................................... 188
178
 Off-road driving
WARNING
Off-road driving can be hazardous!
• DO NOT take unnecessary risks.
• Be prepared for emergencies at all
times.
• Familiarise yourself with the
recommended driving techniques in
order to minimise risks to yourself, your
vehicle AND your passengers.
• Always use a seat belt for personal
protection in all off-road driving
conditions.
• DO NOT drive if the fuel level is low -
undulating ground and steep inclines
could cause fuel starvation to the engine
and consequent damage to the catalytic
converter (if fitted).
• Driving off-road with a loaded roof rack
is not recommended. If it is necessary to
stow luggage on the roof-rack while
driving off-road, all loads MUST be
removed before traversing side slopes.
BASIC OFF-ROAD TECHNIQUES
These basic driving techniques are an
introduction to the art of off-road driving and
do not necessarily provide the information
needed to successfully cope with every single
off-road situation.
We strongly recommend that owners who
intend to drive off-road frequently, should
seek as much additional information and
practical experience as possible.
179
Gear selection
Correct gear selection is possibly the single
most important factor for safe and successful
off-road driving. While only experience will tell
you which is the correct gear for any section
of ground, the following basic rules apply:
1. NEVER change gear or de-clutch while
negotiating difficult terrain - the drag on
the wheels may cause the vehicle to stop
when the clutch is depressed and
restarting may be difficult.
2. Generally, and especially where slippery or
soft ground conditions prevail, the higher
the gear you select the better.
3. When descending very steep slopes
always select 1st gear in LOW range.
Inexperienced drivers are advised to stop the
vehicle and carefully consider which gear will
be most appropriate for each manoeuvre
before continuing.
Slipping the clutch
Use of excessive clutch slip to prevent the
engine stalling will result in premature clutch
wear. Always select a gear low enough to
enable the vehicle to proceed without the need
to slip the clutch.
DO NOT drive with your foot resting on the
clutch pedal; driving across uneven terrain
could cause you to inadvertently depress the
clutch, resulting in loss of control of the
vehicle.
 Off-road driving

Transfer gears Steering

High range gears should be used whenever
possible - only change to low range when
ground conditions become very difficult. The
DIFF LOCK should be engaged whenever there
is a risk of losing wheel grip, and disengaged
as soon as firm, level, non-slippery ground is
reached.
Braking
As far as possible, vehicle speed should be
controlled through correct gear selection.
Application of the brake pedal should be kept
to an absolute minimum. Harsh braking on
wet, muddy or loose surfaces could prove WARNING
dangerous.
DO NOT hold the steering wheel with your
NOTE: If the correct gear has been selected, thumbs inside the rim - a sudden ’kick’ of
braking will be largely unnecessary. the wheel as the vehicle negotiates a rut or
boulder could seriously injure them.
Use of engine for braking
ALWAYS grip the wheel on the outside of the
Before descending steep slopes, stop the
rim (as shown) when traversing uneven
vehicle at least a length before the descent,
ground.
select neutral in the main gearbox, engage
LOW range and then select first or second
gear depending on the severity of the incline.
Survey the ground before driving
While descending the slope it should be
Before negotiating difficult terrain, it is wise to
remembered that the engine will provide
carry out a preliminary survey on foot. This
sufficient braking effort to control the rate of
will minimise the risk of your vehicle getting
descent, and that the brakes should not be
into difficulty through a previously unnoticed
applied.
hazard.
Accelerating
Use the accelerator with care - any sudden
surge of power may induce wheel spin and
result in loss of control of the vehicle.

180
 Off-road driving

Ground clearance Loss of traction

Don’t forget to allow for ground clearance If the vehicle is immobile due to loss of wheel
beneath the chassis, axles, and under the grip, the following hints could be of value:
front and rear bumpers. Note that the axle • Avoid prolonged wheel spin; this will make
differentials are situated BELOW the chassis matters worse.
and are positioned slightly to the RIGHT of the
centre of the vehicle. Note also that there are • Remove obstacles rather than forcing the
other parts of the vehicle which may come vehicle across them.
into contact with the ground; take care not to • Clear clogged tyre treads.
ground the vehicle. • Reverse as far as possible, then attempt
Ground clearance is particularly important at an increased speed approach - additional
the bottom of steep a slope, or where wheel momentum may overcome the obstacle.
ruts are unusually deep and where sudden • Brushwood, sacking or any similar
changes in the slope of the ground are material placed in front of the tyres will
experienced. improve tyre grip.
On soft ground the axle differentials will clear
their own path in all but the most difficult
conditions. However, on frozen, rocky or hard
ground, hard contact between the differentials
and the ground will generally result in the
vehicle coming to a sudden stop.
Always attempt to avoid obstacles that may
foul the chassis or axle differentials.

181
 Off-road driving

IMPORTANT INFORMATION
After driving off-road
Before rejoining the public highway, or
driving at speeds above 40 km/h (25
mph), consideration should be given to
the following:
• Wheels and tyres must be cleaned of
mud and inspected for damage -
ensure there are no lumps or bulges
in the tyres or exposure of the ply or
cord structure.
• Brake discs and calipers should be
examined and any stones or grit that
may affect braking efficiency
removed.
Servicing requirements
Vehicles operating in arduous conditions,
particularly on dusty, muddy, or wet
terrain, and vehicles undergoing frequent
or deep wading conditions will require
more frequent servicing. See ’Owner
maintenance’ and contact a Land Rover
dealer for advice.

In addition:
After wading in salt water or driving on
sandy beaches, use a hose to thoroughly
wash the underbody components and any
exposed body panels with fresh water.
This will help to protect the vehicle’s
cosmetic appearance.

182
 Off-road driving
DRIVING ON SOFT SURFACES & DRY SAND
The ideal technique for driving on soft ground
and dry sand, requires the vehicle to be kept
moving at all times - soft ground and sand
causes excessive drag on the wheels,
resulting in a rapid loss of motion once
driving momentum is lost. For this reason,
gear changing should be avoided.
• Engage the DIFF LOCK.
• Select the highest suitable gear and
REMAIN in that gear until a firm surface is
reached. It is generally advisable to use
LOW range gears, as these will enable you
to accelerate through worsening
conditions without the risk of being unable
to restart.
• Disengage the DIFF LOCK as soon as firm
ground is reached.
183
Stopping the vehicle on soft ground, in sand
or on an incline
If you do stop your vehicle, remember:
Starting on an incline or in soft ground or
sand is almost impossible. Always park on a
firm level area, or with the vehicle facing
downhill.
To avoid wheel spin, select second or third
gear, and use the MINIMUM throttle
necessary to get the vehicle moving.
If forward motion is lost, avoid excessive use
of the throttle - this will cause wheel spin and
tend to dig the vehicle into the sand. Clear
sand from around the tyres and ensure that
the chassis and axles are not bearing on the
sand before again attempting to move.
If the wheels have sunk, use an air bag lifting
device or high lift jack to raise the vehicle, and
then build up sand under the wheels so that
the vehicle is again on level ground. If a
restart is still not possible, place sand mats or
ladders beneath the wheels.
 Off-road driving
DRIVING ON SLIPPERY SURFACES
(ice, snow, mud, wet grass)
• With the DIFF LOCK engaged, select the
highest gear possible.
• Drive away using the MINIMUM possible
throttle opening.
• Drive slowly at all times, keeping braking
to a minimum and avoiding violent
movements of the steering wheel.
• Disengage the DIFF LOCK as soon as a
non slippery surface is reached.
184
DRIVING ON ROUGH TRACKS
Although rough tracks can sometimes be
negotiated in normal drive, it is advisable to
lock the differential if excessive suspension
movement is likely to induce wheel spin.
On very rough tracks, engage LOW range to
enable a steady, low speed to be maintained
without constant use of the brake and clutch
pedals.
Always disengage the DIFF LOCK when
smooth, firm ground is reached.
 Off-road driving

CLIMBING STEEP SLOPES 5. Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle

Engage the DIFF LOCK and ALWAYS follow
the fall line of the slope - travelling diagonally
could encourage the vehicle to slide broadside
down the slope.
Steep climbs will usually require the LOW gear
range. If the surface is loose or slippery, use
sufficient speed in the highest practical gear
to take advantage of the vehicle’s momentum.
However, too high a speed over a bumpy
surface may result in a wheel lifting, causing
the vehicle to lose traction. In this case try a
slower approach. Traction can also be
improved by easing off the accelerator just
before loss of forward motion.
in order to negotiate obstructions, DO NOT
apply the brake or clutch pedal during the
descent.
6. If the vehicle begins to slide, accelerate
slightly to allow the tyres to regain grip.
When the vehicle is back on level ground or
where traction can be regained, a faster
approach will probably enable the hill to be
climbed. However, DO NOT take unnecessary
risks, if the hill is too difficult to climb, find an
alternative route.
WARNING

If the vehicle is unable to complete a climb, do The engine must be restarted before
not attempt to turn it around while on the reversing down the slope, as there will be
slope. Instead, adopt the following procedure no servo assistance to the brakes unless the
to reverse downhill to the foot of the slope: engine is running.

1. Hold the vehicle stationary using both foot

and hand brakes.
2. Restart the engine if necessary.
3. Engage reverse gear LOW range.
4. Release the handbrake. Then release the
foot brake and clutch simultaneously, and
allow the vehicle to reverse down the
slope using engine braking to control the
rate of descent.

185
 Off-road driving

DESCENDING STEEP SLOPES C. Once level ground is reached, unlock the

A. Stop the vehicle at least a vehicle length differential and select a suitable gear for
before the slope and engage first gear the next stage of your journey.
LOW range with the differential locked.
B. Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle WARNING
in order to negotiate obstructions, DO NOT Failure to follow these instructions may
touch the brake or clutch pedals during cause the vehicle to roll over.
the descent - the engine will limit the
speed, keeping the vehicle under control
provided the front wheels are turning. If
the vehicle begins to slide, accelerate
gently to maintain directional stability - DO
NOT use the brakes or attempt to change
gear.

186
 Off-road driving
TRAVERSING A SLOPE
Before crossing a slope, ALWAYS observe the
following precautions:
• Check that the ground is firm and not
slippery.
• Check that the wheels on the downhill side
of the vehicle are not likely to drop into
any depressions in the ground and that the
’uphill’ wheels will not run over rocks, tree
roots, or similar obstacles that could
suddenly increase the angle of tilt.
• Ensure that passenger weight is evenly
distributed, that all roof rack luggage is
removed and that all other luggage is
properly secured and stowed as low as
possible. Always remember; any sudden
movement of the load could cause the
vehicle to overturn.
• Rear seat passengers should sit on the
uphill side of the vehicle or, in extreme
conditions, should vacate the vehicle until
the sloping ground has been safely
negotiated.
NEGOTIATING A ’V’ SHAPED GULLY
Observe extreme caution! Steering up either
of the gully walls could cause the side of the
vehicle to be trapped against the opposite
gully wall.
187
DRIVING IN EXISTING WHEEL TRACKS
As far as possible allow the vehicle to steer
itself along the bottom of the ruts. However,
always keep a light hold of the steering wheel
to prevent it from spinning free.
Particularly in wet conditions, if the steering
wheel is allowed to spin free, the vehicle may
appear to be driving straight ahead in the ruts,
but in actual fact (due to the lack of traction
caused by the wet ground) is unknowingly on
full right or left lock. Then, when level ground
is reached, or if a dry patch is encountered,
the wheels will find traction and cause the
vehicle to suddenly veer to left or right.
CROSSING A RIDGE
Approach at right angles so that both front
wheels and then both rear wheels cross the
ridge together - an angled approach could
cause traction to be lost through diagonally
opposite wheels lifting from the ground at the
same time.
CROSSING A DITCH
With the DIFF LOCK engaged, cross ditches at
an angle so that three wheels always maintain
contact with the ground (if approached head
on, both front wheels will drop into the ditch
together, possibly resulting in the chassis and
front bumper being trapped on opposite sides
of the ditch).
 Off-road driving
WADING
WARNING
The maximum advisable wading depth is
0,5 metre (20 in.).
Severe electrical damage may occur if the
vehicle remains stationary for any length of
time when the water level is above the door
sills.
If the water is likely to exceed 0,5 metre (20
in.) while the vehicle is moving, the following
precautions MUST be observed:
• Fix a plastic sheet in front of the radiator
grille to prevent water from soaking the
engine and mud from blocking the
radiator.
• Fit a drain plug to the flywheel housing
and diesel engine timing cover - Tdi
engines only (see ’Owner maintenance’).
• Ensure that the silt bed beneath the water
is firm enough to support the vehicle’s
weight and provide sufficient traction.
• Ensure that the engine air intake is clear of
the water.
• To prevent saturation of the electrical
system and air intake, avoid excessive
engine speed.
• With the DIFF LOCK engaged, select a low
gear and maintain sufficient throttle to
prevent the engine from stalling. This is
particularly important if the exhaust pipe is
under water.
• Drive slowly into the water and accelerate
to a speed which causes a bow wave to
form; then maintain that speed.
At all times, keep all the doors fully closed.
188
After wading
• Drive the vehicle a short distance and
apply the footbrake to check that the
brakes are fully effective.
• DO NOT rely on the handbrake to hold the
vehicle stationary until the transmission
has thoroughly dried out; in the meantime,
leave the vehicle parked in gear.
• Remove the timing cover drain plug
(where fitted) and also any covering
material from the front of the radiator
grille.
• If the water was particularly muddy,
remove any blockages (mud and leaves)
from the radiator to reduce the risk of
overheating.
• If deep water is regularly negotiated, check
transmission oils for signs of water
contamination - contaminated oil can be
identified through its ’milky’ appearance.
In addition, check the air filter element for
water ingress, and replace if wet.
• Vehicles required to undergo frequent or
deep wading conditions will require more
frequent servicing. See ’Owner
maintenance’ and contact a Land Rover
dealer for advice.
• If salt water is frequently negotiated,
thoroughly wash the underbody
components and exposed body panels,
with fresh water.
 Index
A Clutch ........................................................ 64
Access code .............................................. 16
Accessories ............................................. 175
After sales service .................................... 176
Air cleaner element renewal ..................... 137
Air conditioning ......................................... 43
Air filter .................................................... 137
Air recirculation ......................................... 45
Air vents .................................................... 40
Alarm ......................................................... 13
Anti-freeze ....................................... 93 & 160
Anti-theft alarm .......................................... 13
Anti-theft alarm indicator light ................... 14
Anti-theft precautions .................................. 4
Ashtray ...................................................... 47
Axle oil renewal ........................................ 152
Axle weights ............................................ 167
B Drive belts ............................................... 142
Battery ..................................................... 101
Battery charging ...................................... 103
Battery disconnection ................................ 20
Blower control ........................................... 41
Bonnet opening ......................................... 86
Booster cables ........................................... 74
Brake fluid check ....................................... 96
Brake fluid specification ........................... 160
Brake pad/disc check ............................... 154
Brake pads ................................................. 69
Brakes ....................................................... 69
Braking system .......................................... 69
Breakdown safety ........................................ 5
Bulb replacement ..................................... 115
C Engine immobilisation ............................... 15
Capacities ................................................ 161
Care products .......................................... 122
Catalytic converter ..................................... 60
Child restraints .......................................... 26
Child-proof locks ....................................... 12
Chocking a wheel ..................................... 104
Cigar lighter ............................................... 47
Cleaning ................................................... 121
Clock ......................................................... 28
189
Clutch fluid specification .......................... 160
Clutch fluid top-up ..................................... 95
Cold start control ....................................... 54
Controls ....................................................... 9
Cooling system top-up .............................. 92
Crossing a ditch ....................................... 187
Crossing a ridge ...................................... 187
D
Defrosting .......................................... 42 & 46
Demisting .......................................... 42 & 46
Descending steep slopes ......................... 186
Diesel fuel filter .......................................... 94
Diesel fuel sedimenter ............................... 94
Differential lock .......................................... 67
Dimensions ............................................. 165
Distributor ............................................... 141
Driving ....................................................... 56
Driving on rough tracks ........................... 184
Driving on slippery surfaces .................... 184
Driving on soft surfaces & dry sand ........ 183
Dynamometers (’rolling roads’) ................. 84
E
Electrical equipment ................................ 175
Electrical system ...................................... 164
Emergency starting .................................... 74
Emergency towing ..................................... 76
Emission control system ........................... 56
Engine ..................................................... 162
Engine compartment ................................. 88
Engine data .............................................. 162
Engine oil ................................................... 90
Engine oil (renewal) ................................. 132
Engine oil (used) ........................................ 85
Engine oil filter renewal ............................ 133
Engine oil top-up ....................................... 90
Engine undertray ..................................... 129
 Index
F I
Fan control ................................................ 41
Fluid specifications .................................. 159
Fog lights ................................................... 36
Fuel ............................................................ 62
Fuel consumption .................................... 170
Fuel economy ............................................ 57
Fuel filling .................................................. 63
Fuel filter .................................................... 94
Fuel filter renewal .................................... 134
Fuel gauge ................................................. 28
Fuel safety ................................................. 63
Fuel sedimenter ......................................... 94
Fuel sedimenter cleaning ......................... 136
Fuel tank capacity .................................... 161
Fuel tank changeover ................................. 37
Fuses ....................................................... 112
G
Gearbox ..................................................... 64
Gearbox oil change .................................. 150
Ground clearance ..................................... 181
H Locking wheel nuts .................................. 110
Handbrake ................................................. 70
Handbrake check ..................................... 155
Handset ............................................. 13 & 18
Handset battery ......................................... 18
Handset resynchronisation ........................ 18
Hand throttle .............................................. 80
Hazard warning lights ................................ 36
Headlight adjuster ...................................... 33
Headlight levelling ..................................... 33
Headlights ................................................. 32
Heated rear window ................................... 36
Heater ........................................................ 40
Height (of vehicle) ..................................... 58
High range gears ....................................... 65
High tension leads ................................... 140
Horn .......................................................... 32
HT leads .................................................. 140
190
Ignition ...................................................... 51
Indicators .................................................. 32
Instruments ............................................... 28
Interior lights ............................................. 47
Interior protection ...................................... 15
Interior trim ............................................. 122
J
Jack (’bottle’ type) ................................... 106
Jack (’pillar’ type) .................................... 107
Jack (wheel changing) ............................. 106
Jacking .................................................... 104
Jacking points ......................................... 107
Jump starting ............................................ 74
K
Key access code ........................................ 16
Keys ........................................................... 11
L
Light switches ........................................... 32
Lights ........................................................ 32
Load carrying ............................................ 71
Locks ......................................................... 11
Low range gears ........................................ 65
Lubricant specifications ........................... 159
M
Main gearbox oil renewal ......................... 150
Maintenance ........................................ 3 & 83
O
Off-road driving ....................................... 179
Off-road performance .............................. 166
Oil .............................................................. 85
Oil change ................................................ 132
Oil filter renewal ....................................... 133
Owner maintenance ................................... 83
P
Park brake check ..................................... 155
Parts & accessories ................................. 175
Poisonous liquids ...................................... 85
Power steering .......................................... 58
Power steering top-up ............................... 97
Power take-off drives ................................. 79
Propeller shaft lubrication ........................ 155
 Index
R T
Radiator blind ............................................ 59
Rear fog guard lights ................................. 36
Rear seats .................................................. 22
Rear window heater ................................... 36
Rear window wash/wipe ............................ 35
Replacement bulbs .................................. 164
Rolling roads (dynamometers) .................. 84
Roof rack ................................................... 73
Running-in ................................................. 56
S Transmission ............................................. 64
Safety in the garage ......................... 85 & 127
Safety on the forecourt .............................. 63
Seat belt safety .......................................... 24
Seat belts ................................................... 24
Seats ......................................................... 21
Security ....................................................... 4
Security information card .......................... 16
Sedimenter ................................................ 94
Sedimenter cleaning - diesel .................... 136
Service portfolio book .......................... 3 & 83
Service voucher ........................................... 3
Sidelights ................................................... 32
Snow chains .............................................. 99
Spare wheel ............................................. 104
Spare wheel (removing) .......................... 105
Spark plug renewal .................................. 140
Speedometer ............................................. 28
Starter switch ............................................ 51
Starting ...................................................... 52
Starting with a discharged battery ............. 74
Steam cleaning ........................................ 121
Steep slopes ............................................ 185
Steering ................................................... 164
Steering lock .............................................. 51
Steering swivel housing oil renewal ......... 153
Steps ......................................................... 48
Sunroof ..................................................... 39
Switches .................................................... 36
Switching off ............................................. 55
191
Taildoor ..................................................... 12
Temperature gauge .................................... 28
Total distance recorder .............................. 28
Towing ...................................................... 71
Towing for recovery ................................... 76
Towing weights ............................... 72 & 167
Trailer socket ............................................. 73
Transfer gearbox ....................................... 65
Transfer gearbox oil renewal .................... 151
Transmission ’wind-up’ ............................. 68
Transporter or trailer lashing ..................... 77
Travelling abroad ..................................... 176
Traversing a slope ................................... 187
Trip recorder .............................................. 28
Trip recorder reset button .......................... 28
Tyre sizes and pressures ......................... 171
Tyre wear ................................................... 98
Tyres ......................................................... 98
V
Vehicle care ............................................. 121
Vehicle height ............................................ 58
Vehicle identification number ....................... 4
Vehicle recovery ........................................ 76
Vehicle weights ........................................ 167
Ventilation ................................................. 40
VIN .............................................................. 4
W
Wading .................................................... 188
Wading plugs .......................................... 111
Warning labels ............................................. 3
Warning lights ........................................... 29
Warnings ............................................. 3 & 29
Warranty information ................................... 3
Washer ...................................................... 34
Washer jet adjustment ............................. 100
Washing your vehicle .............................. 121
Weights ................................................... 167
Wheel changing ....................................... 104
Wheel chocks .......................................... 104
Wheels ....................................................... 99
 Index

Wheels & tyres ........................................ 171

Winching ................................................... 78
Windows ................................................... 38
Windscreen washer ................................... 34
Windscreen washer top-up ........................ 93
Windscreen wipers .................................... 34
Wiper blade replacement ......................... 100
Wipers ....................................................... 34
Workshop maintenance ........................... 125

192