COLD--FORMED STEEL

COLD
IN
CONSTRUCTION
 Steel,, The Material

~ Is recyclable, using old cars, buildings,

bridges steel cans
bridges, cans, etc
etc.
~ Steel is the world’s most versatile material to
recycle
~ Yearly, steelmakers recycle about million tons
of steel world
world--wide
~ It takes 6 old cars to produce enough steel to
frame a basic residential dwelling
~ Recognized Green Building Material
The Environment

~ The average landfill consists of approximately 60%

~ Less than 6% of landfill is steel - such as staples, nails
in wood and steel rebar inside concrete chunks
~ Every ton of steel recycled conserves 2,500 pounds of
iron ore, 1400 pounds of coal and 120 pounds of
limestone.
~ Debris from a typical wood-
wood-framed home accounts for
50 ft3 off landfill
l dfill waste,
t compared l 2 ft3 from
d tto only f a
steel--framed house
steel
 Advantages of Steel

~ Consistent Material Quality

~ Superior
S i S Seismic
i i P Performance
f
~ Non
Non--Combustible Material
~ Dimensionally Stable in any
Climate
~ Insect Resistance
~ Steel will not Rot
Advantages of Cold
Cold--Formed Steel

~ High Strength to Weight Ratio

~ Ease of Handling and Transportation
~ Ease of Fabrication and Mass
Production
~ Speed of Erection
~ Flexibility in Design
~ Engineering Not Required for
Common Residential Houses
(Prescriptive Method, IRC)
 What is Light Gauge, or more
accurately,
t l “Cold-
“Cold
“C ld-Formed”
F d” Steel?
St l?

Cold Formingg is a p
process where steel members are
manufactured by rolling or shaping the steel after it is cold.
This process makes the steel stronger.
 What Is Cold Formed Steel?

 It is a recycled
rec cled  The steel is then rolled
material produced by into a shape.
a steel mill in coils
coils.
 Shapes And Profiles
Most Common
~ Surface
Surface--Panel Material such as
Siding,
g, Roofing,
g, Composite
p Deck
~ Individual Members used as Purlins,
Girts,, Studs and Joists

Other Geometric Shapes

~ Such as Perforated Sections
~ Built
Built--up Sections
~ Endless Geometric Possibilities
 Common Uses of Cold-
Cold-Formed
Steel Studs as Framing Members
 Non--load bearing interior partition walls
Non
 Residential
 Commercial
 Non-load bearing exterior wall systems (wind
Non-
and seismic out of plane loads only)
 Commercial ceilings
 Residential load bearing wall studs
 Single Family
 Multi--Family
Multi
 Commercial load bearing wall studs
 Commercial trusses
 Commercial roof and floor framing
 Practical Uses For Cold Formed
St l
Steel

Sheathed Floor Systems Concrete Floor Systems

Roof Systems Exterior Wall Systems

Residential-- Load Bearing – Single Family
Residential
Institutional-Load Bearing
Institutional-
Multi--Family
Multi
Commercial Load Bearing
 Mid--Rise Load-
Mid Load-Bearing
 An 8--story gravity
8
load--bearing wall
load
system
 15,000 PLF at first
floor bearing walls
55” metal pan deck
and concrete floor
system
 Loads uniformly
distributed
 Non-Load Bearing
Non-
E t i St
Exterior Stud
d Walls
W ll
Studs are clipped
pp to the floor and roof
levels with vertical slip clips to isolate
the wall system from floor level gravity
loads to p
prevent cracking g the exterior
finish system.
Steel Properties and Identification

(industry standards)
Generic Cold-
Cold-Formed Steel
Members
Cold--Formed C
Cold C--Shape
p
 Designators
600 S 162 - 54
6” Member 1-5/8” Min. base metal
Stud or Joist Flange in
Depth in thickness in mils
with Stiffener 1/100 (.054 = 54 mils)
1/100 inches inches
Example - Product Identification
 Studs
 Structural studs
 Carry Axial loads
 1-5/8” flanges and 1/2” return
lips
lips.
 Thickness from 33-
33-97 mil
 G60 galvanized coating
 Non--structural studs
Non
 Not expected to carry loads
 1-1/4” flanges and 1/4” return
lips,
p typical
yp
 Thickness often less than 33 mil
 G40 galvanized coating

2” x 4” Wood Steel Stud

 Track
web

Studs made
to fit in tracks

Flange: 1-1/4”
(Typical)
Floor/Ceiling
g Joists and Roof Rafters
 Same elements as studs
 Webs typically 6”
6,88”, 10
10”,
or 12” flange

lip
web
 Cold-Rolled
Cold-
Channel

used for wall bridging

and fits through web
punch outs in studs and
joists
Furring (“Hat”) Channel

 Similar to purlins in metal

buildings
Straps

bridging lateral bracing

Bracing and Blocking
 Specialty Connectors
(used in accordance with manufacturer’s
manufacturer s
specs.)

Strap
p Tie strap
p Joist hanger
g Beam Holdown
hanger
COLD--FORMED STEEL
COLD
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
AND
STANDARDS
 AISI S100-
S100-2007
N hA
North American
i S
Specification
ifi i

D i S
Design Specification
ifi ti ffor All C
Cold
Cold-
ld-Formed
F d
Steel in Construction
 AISI Framing Standards
 General Information:
 AISI S200
S200--07: General Provisions
 AISI S201-
S201-07: Product Standard
 Code of Standard Practice,, 2006 Edition
 Design Standards:
 AISI S210-
S210-07: Floor and Roof System
y Design
g
 AISI S211-
S211-07: Wall Stud Design
 AISI S212-
S212-07: Header Design
 AISI S213
S213--07:
07 LLateral
t lD Design
i
 AISI S214-
S214-07: Truss Design
 Prescriptive Methods:
 AISI S230-
S230-07: Prescriptive Method for One and
Two Family Dwellings
AISI Code of
Standard
Practice for
Cold-
C ld-Formed
Cold F d
Steel
Structural
Framing
Prescriptive
p Method