Usulan Topik Skripsi dari Bpk. Wong F.T.

1. Pengembangan Elemen Balok Timoshenko Berbasis Kriging Bebas Locking

untuk Masalah Stabilitas dan Frekuensi Getar Alami dari Balok yang Dibebani Gaya
Aksial (Development of Locking-free Kriging-based Beam Element for Stability and
Natural Frequencies of Axially Loaded Timoshenko Beams)
Background and Rationale
Kriging interpolation (KI) is a well known mathematical tool in geostatistics for spatial
data interpolation. It has been employed in the framework of finite element method (FEM)
as an alternative approximation function to the conventional polynomial interpolation
(Plengkhom and Kanok-Nukulchai, 2005). This new method, i.e. the FEM with KI, is
named Kriging-based finite element method (K-FEM). With K-FEM, the accuracy and
smoothness of finite element solutions can be enhanced in a very convenient way, without
adding nodes or any change to the element connectivity.

The K-FEM was initially applied to solve 1D bar and 2D elastostatic plane-stress /plane-
strain problems. Recently, Syamsoeyadi (2009) developed the K-FEM for static and free
vibration analyses of Timoshenko beams. The test results showed that the element with
cubic basis function has very good performance both for static and free vibration analyses.
Shear locking can be eliminated by using the selective reduced integration (SRI) technique
as well known in the conventional FEM. Thus, the natural research progress is to enhance
the developed element for other types of analyses.

While the SRI technique could effectively eliminate the shear locking, the shear force
resulting from using this technique, however, is only accurate at the location of the
integration sampling point for shear force stiffness term, i.e. at the middle of the element.
Moreover, it has been proven that the SRI technique is not applicable for Kriging-based
triangular plate bending element based on Reissner-Mindlin theory (Wong and Kanok-
Nukulchai, 2006). Therefore, a new technique to eliminate shear locking that can produce
accurate shear forces and be extendable to the Kriging-based Reissner-Mindlin plate
element is desired.

Objectives and Scope

The objectives of the Final Project are first to test a novel technique proposed by Wong
(2007). Second, to enhance the Kriging-based Timoshenko beam element (Syamsoeyadi,
2009) to analyze stability and natural frequencies of axially loaded beams, following the
work of Kosmatka, J.B. (1995).

References:

Plengkhom, K. and W. Kanok-Nukulchai (2005). ‘An Enhancement of Finite Element

Methods with Moving Kriging Shape Functions’, International Journal of
Computational Methods, 2, 451-475.

Syamsoeyadi, H. (2009). Pengembangan Elemen Balok Timoshenko Berbasis Kriging

untuk Analisis Statik dan Getaran Bebas, Skripsi Universitas Kristen Petra,
diterima. Surabaya, Indonesia.

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Wong, F.T. and W. Kanok-Nukulchai (2006). ‘On Alleviation of Shear Locking in the
Kriging-based Finite Element Method’, in I. Muljati, P.S. Wulandari and Antoni
Eds., Proceedings of International Civil Engineering Conference “Towards
Sustainable Engineering Practice”, 25-26 August 2006, Surabaya, Indonesia, Petra
Christian University, pp. 39-47.

Wong, F.T. (2007). A personal unpublished note.

Kosmatka, J.B. (1995). ‘An Improved Two-Node Finite Element for Stability and Natural
Frequencies of Axial Loaded Timoshenko Beams’, Computers and Structures, 57,
141-149

2. Pengembangan Elemen Balok Timoshenko Berbasis Kriging Bebas Locking

untuk Analisis Dinamik (Development of Locking-free Kriging-based Timoshenko
Beam Element for Dynamic Analysis)
Background and Rationale
Kriging interpolation (KI) is a well known mathematical tool in geostatistics for spatial
data interpolation. It has been employed in the framework of finite element method (FEM)
as an alternative approximation function to the conventional polynomial interpolation
(Plengkhom and Kanok-Nukulchai, 2005). This new method, i.e. the FEM with KI, is
named Kriging-based finite element method (K-FEM). With K-FEM, the accuracy and
smoothness of finite element solutions can be enhanced in a very convenient way, without
adding nodes or any change to the element connectivity.

The K-FEM was initially applied to solve 1D bar and 2D elastostatic plane-stress /plane-
strain problems. Recently, Syamsoeyadi (2009) developed the K-FEM for static and free
vibration analyses of Timoshenko beams. The test results showed that the element with
cubic basis function has very good performance both for static and free vibration analyses.
Shear locking can be eliminated by using the selective reduced integration (SRI) technique
as well known in the conventional FEM. Thus, the natural research progress is to enhance
the developed element for other types of analyses.

While the SRI technique could effectively eliminate the shear locking, the shear force
resulting from using this technique, however, is only accurate at the location of the
integration sampling point for shear force stiffness term, i.e. at the middle of the element.
Moreover, it has been proven that the SRI technique is not applicable for Kriging-based
triangular plate bending element based on Reissner-Mindlin theory (Wong and Kanok-
Nukulchai, 2006). Therefore, a new technique to eliminate shear locking that can produce
accurate shear forces and be extendable to the Kriging-based Reissner-Mindlin plate
element is desired.

Objectives and Scope

The objectives of the Final Project are first to test a novel technique proposed by Wong
(2007). Second, to enhance the Kriging-based Timoshenko beam element (Syamsoeyadi,
2009) to analyze forced vibration of Timoshenko beams.

References:
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Plengkhom, K. and W. Kanok-Nukulchai (2005). ‘An Enhancement of Finite Element
Methods with Moving Kriging Shape Functions’, International Journal of
Computational Methods, 2, 451-475.

Syamsoeyadi, H. (2009). Pengembangan Elemen Balok Timoshenko Berbasis Kriging

untuk Analisis Statik dan Getaran Bebas, Skripsi Universitas Kristen Petra,
diterima. Surabaya, Indonesia.

Wong, F.T. and W. Kanok-Nukulchai (2006). ‘On Alleviation of Shear Locking in the
Kriging-based Finite Element Method’, in I. Muljati, P.S. Wulandari and Antoni
Eds., Proceedings of International Civil Engineering Conference “Towards
Sustainable Engineering Practice”, 25-26 August 2006, Surabaya, Indonesia, Petra
Christian University, pp. 39-47.

Wong, F.T. (2007). A personal unpublished note.

Wicaksana, C. (2006). Dynamic Analysis Using Kriging-based Finite Element Method,

Asian Institute of Technology Thesis, No. ST-06-15. Bangkok, Thailand.

Chopra, A.K. (1995). Dynamics of Structures, Theory and Applications to Earthquake

Engineering, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall.

3. Pengembangan Penghalusan Jaring Elemen Segitiga Konstan Secara Adaptif

(Development of Adaptive Mesh Refinements for the Constant Strain Triangle
Element, together with Mr. Pudjisuryadi, P.)
Background and Rationale
The constant strain triangle (CST) element is the simplest and earliest finite element for
analyses of plane-stress/plane-strain problems. The accuracy of this element depends on
the degree of the mesh refinement and the mesh arrangement. Ideally, the mesh should be
fine enough in the regions with high stress gradients and be relatively course mesh in the
regions with low stress gradients. However, in real practice it is not easy to create an ideal
mesh since an analyst may not know apriori which parts of the structure have high stress
gradients.

One method to obtain an optimal mesh structure is to use an automatic adaptive refinement
procedure. In this method, an analyst begins with an automatically-generated simple
course mesh and inputs a maximum error index expected. The analysis is performed.
Subsequently, the elements on which the error indices are greater than the specified
maximum error are divided into smaller elements. The analysis and mesh refinement is
repeated until the error indices in all elements are less than or equal to the given error
index.

Objective and Scope

The objective of this Final Project is to develop a computer program in Matlab for
implementation of an automatic adaptive mesh refinement procedure. The program will be
tested using various plane-stress/plane-strain problems.

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References:
Cook, R. D., D.S. Malkus, M.E. Plesha and R.J. Witt (2002). Concepts and Applications
of Finite Element Analysis, 4th edition, pp. 326-331. Madison, University of
Wisconsin, John Wiley and Sons.

Zienkiewicz, O.C. and R.L. Taylor (2000). The Finite Element Method, Volume 1: The
Basis, 5th edition, Chapter 15: Adaptive finite element refinement. Oxford,
Butterworth Heinemann.

Pudjisuryadi, P. (2008). ‘Adaptive Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin Method with Variable

Domain of Influence in 2D Elastostatic Problems’, Civil Engineering Dimension,
10, 99-108, Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Kanok-Nukulchai (2004). ‘An Adaptive Element-Free Galerkin Method’, the 8th Annual
National Symposium on Computational Science and Engineering, presentation
slides, 21-23 July 2004, Suranaree, Thailand, Suranaree University of Technology.

4. Studi Perbandingan antara Elemen Segitiga Standar dengan Berbasis Kriging

dengan Basis Linear, Kuadratik, dan Kubik (Comparative Study of the Standard
and Kriging-based Triangular Elements with Linear, Quadratic, and Cubic Bases)
Background and Rationale
An enhancement of the finite element method using Kriging interpolation (KI) was
recently proposed (Plengkhom and Kanok-Nukulchai, 2005). This new method, i.e. the
FEM with KI, is named Kriging-based finite element method (K-FEM, Kanok-Nukulchai
and Wong, 2007). With K-FEM, the accuracy and smoothness of solutions can be
enhanced simply by increasing the order of its polynomial basis function (p-refinement)
and number of element-layers. Thus, the accuracy can be improved without any change of
the mesh.

It is interesting to conduct a comparison study of p-refinement in the conventional

triangular element (see e.g. Cook et al., 2002; Zienkiewics and Taylor, 2000) and in the K-
FEM.

Objective and Scope

The first objective of this Final Project is firstly to develop computer programs for running
the conventional triangular elements with linear, quadratic and cubic polynomial bases.
The second objective is to carry out p-refinement studies for the conventional triangular
elements and the K-FEM.

References:
Plengkhom, K. and W. Kanok-Nukulchai (2005). ‘An Enhancement of Finite Element
Methods with Moving Kriging Shape Functions’, International Journal of
Computational Methods, 2, 451-475.

Cook, R. D., D.S. Malkus, M.E. Plesha and R.J. Witt (2002). Concepts and Applications
of Finite Element Analysis, 4th edition, pp. 538-541. Madison, University of
Wisconsin, John Wiley and Sons.

4
Zienkiewicz, O.C. and R.L. Taylor (2000). The Finite Element Method, Volume 1: The
Basis, 5th edition. Oxford, Butterworth Heinemann.

Kanok-Nukulchai, W. and F.T. Wong (2007). ‘A Finite Element Method Using Node-
Based Interpolation’, in Proceedings of the Third Asia-Pacific Congress on
Computational Mechanics (APCOM’07) in conjunction with the Eleventh
International Conference on Enhancement and Promotion of Computational
Methods in Engineering and Sciences (EPMESC XI), 3-6 December 2007, Kyoto,
Japan, APACM and EPMESC, Paper No. PL3-3.

5. Studi Elemen Pelat Lentur Segitiga Discrete Kirchhoff (Study of the Discrete
Kirchhoff Triangular Plate Bending Element)
Background and Rationale
One class of thin plate bending triangular elements is the discrete Kirchhoff triangular
(DKT) element (Batoz et al. 1980; Cook et al., 2002). Some finite element users claimed
that the DKT element is the best one in the category of triangular thin plate bending
elements.

Objective and Scope

The objective of this Final Project is to study the formulation and implementation of the
DKT element and to perform the numerical tests.

References:
Batoz, J.-L., K.-J. Bathe and L.-W. Ho (1980). ‘A Study of Three-Node Triangular Plate
Bending Elements’, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,
15, 1771-1812.

Cook, R. D., D.S. Malkus, M.E. Plesha and R.J. Witt (2002). Concepts and Applications
of Finite Element Analysis, 4th edition, pp. 538-541. Madison, University of
Wisconsin, John Wiley and Sons.

Windy, S. and Gunawan, A. (2005). A Study Of Thin Plate Bending Element, CE72.12
FEM Coarse Project Report. Bangkok, Thailand, Asian Institute of Technology.

Catatan:

Bagi para mahasiswa yang berminat mengambil salah satu topik di atas:

1. Diwajibkan mengambil mata kuliah Metode Elemen Hingga

2. Khusus untuk Topik nomor 1 dan 2, diwajibkan pula mengambil mata
kuliah Pengantar Analisis Dinamik