.

~LIFORNIA In This Issue I

lj~OLOGY
.
ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS.
33RD ANNUAL MEETING ' 98
LANDSUDE AND FLOOD POTENTIAL ALONG CACHE CREEK 99
~~ GEOLOGY OF AN AREA IN ALTAMONT HilLS. DIABLO RANGE 107
... PUBLlC"TION OF THE SOURCE MATERIALS FOR EARTH SCIENCE PROJECTS ... ...... 114
OEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION 1989 - SIGNIFICANT EARTHQUAKES . .... 115
DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY
BOOK REVIEWS 116

SI..leoIC.. ,Iclf.... GEORGE OEUKMEJIAN

Governor
MAll ORDER FORM
DMG RELEASES
.
,
CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL MARGIN GEOLOGIC MAP SERIES
"'
120

T.... Resource. Agerocy GORDON K VAN VLECK MAP NO.4 AND MAP NO.6 ..... ,.... 120
Secrerary for Resources CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY SUBSCRIPTION FORM 120
~nmetll a4 C-VIloon RANDALL M WARD
(),eclor
COYtI. P.renn'olly ochWl lond.llde along Srore HlghWQ)' 16 o!ltte Coluso
JAMES F DAVIS Co.ul'lIy·Yolo Counly bo.der The bedrock conSlI1's of shale, mudsrone, and
Stale GeoIoQlSl Inlerbedded sOl'ldstone olltte FISke Creek Formor,on [Upper Cretoeeousl
The onglnol cause 01 the landslIde was from entfenChmenl and undercutting
CALIfORNIA GEOLOGY slall by Coch. Creek Outing heavy rains rock deb..s coverl Stote H,ghwoy 16 at
lhe bose olltte O\Iet1teepened slope and IS soon remoWld by molntenonce
Ed'lor-,n·Ch'et Marye Woods
Ed,lor Oon OUp/liS
cr.....s lrom the CollfornlO Deportment of Tronsporlotlon Note the d,m'nuliv.
Ed,lollal AsSistance Mary EI·Bdour SlZ. 01 rhe removal equIpment 01 rhe bose of lhe slIde. An artIcle oboulltte
GlllphlCS and Design: Bruce Foggy. Iand.llde potent,ol;n lhe o'eo 01 Cache Cr. .k beg,ns on poge 99 Photo by
Peggy Walkel MW Monson.
PublO<:81,ons Supervisor Jell lambert
Depatlmet'l 01 O_el Sfi"",..

~
011<101 Slale Pf'''\JnlI

(l,v,_ l"eMquaflers 11'6 N,nm Street Room 13-'1, AEG 33rd

s.c••mento. CA ~l.
(Tele¢ltlOne 916-445-1825l
P.mIlClIhO'" _ tnl"""""on OUlCe
660 lIe<Cl.Jt Or"". SACfemen10, CA 95ol1U·013t
CAt.lFOAN'I'.GEOLOGY 916-U5·0514
Put*; Inlo<mallon 916-445·5716
Lot Mgoeles 0I11ClI , 07 Sou\ll 6rOlldw,~ Room 1065
lOI MveleS, C.o.1OO12·••02
(Tolepnone 213·620-3560)
P HIli Ollo;e 3&0 C'VI(: Of.... $on,.. 100
Ple nt H". C~ 9.523·1921
(TeJ&pllOne 415-M6-59201
CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY (I$SN 002$ .~l .. p..ICIMIled
monlhly 1:>1' IIIe Depatl....nl or ConservalOlft 01V1SIO<'> or
M,,," and GeoIoqy TlIt RlH;Ofds 011« .. al 172t·201t!
Sir'"' s.cramenro, C~ 95814 5ecorIIfCllon poIl&{11I'
pa'4 at Sacramento CA POlu".,ter S.nd add.. 11
Cft&.11O CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY (USPS 350 8401,
6oJ< 2980 Silerame.lto, CA 95612-2980
RePOfI. conurnmg DIY,.lOn 01 M",el al"lCl GeolOgy
p'Oje<:l,al"lClarrocle. al"lCl_ Ilem.... aNd 10 the a.. ,t!
IC>eno:es'" C&i~Ofn.a ... IncllIOell ,n lila magu..... Con·
ltlbutS'd.,locJes pI'Iolll{llap!lS,_,t_ andgeologocal
- ' " I I .......... ncllm.nlS a.. weIccIrM
THE CONCLUSIONS ANOoPlNI()NS EXPRESSEO IN
ARTICLES ~RE SOlElY THOSE OF THE AUTHORS
AND ARE NOT NECESSARilY ENDORSED BY THE
DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
COfJ"POndance Inould Oe add ..lled 10 Edll0'
CAl.IFORNIA GEOlOGY &6OBetcutO<...... sa",amenlO
CA 9581a-0131 (9161 445-0514
SUOIlC"puon. S1000 PI<,e" S'nore coP!" S' 00
.act! SI!tI<l lI/OkI'.prOlft Older, and CI'Ia. 01
..IOlmatJon to CAUFOI'lNIA GEOLOGY PO 6oJ< 2980
_as.
sac""""IO. CA 95812-2980
CG(OA.3 (5) 91, 120 (1990)
Annual Meeting
fhe ,\ Itel!hen~ ·Ohu' Secllon "f the ,\"".
l·lattUn "f I n1llneerllll:' Gelllu~I,I' IAI:.Gl '" III
h,"l the .11rd Annual Meelln~ uf Ihe '\"IJoCla'
l1"n of I:.nl!llleerrnl! G,,"I0l:'''h on Oclober
I ~. 1l)<J(). In l'lIhhurl:'h, p,'nn,)h"nia Th"
lhem,' "f lhl' nal11ln,,1 meelln!! I' ··"nl:',neer-
Inl! Geol"l:') for Ihe IKl\ ., The p"'j!rarn
Include' lel'hmeal '''''llIn,. ,~mptl'la. anti
,hUrl '·lOur,e,
T,'ehnleal ,e"lOn~ ,,"111 f.II;U' "" applIed
elllironmenla! and l:'eol~leal ",ue' relaled
lUII)IOe wb"denee. hillardou' ,,"a'le, IO\C,II'
l:'"lltln and ."med,al,oll. emlmnrncnlal1leol·
1'1;). l:'fUUntl ,,"aler. ,Iupt' 'Iabllll)·. dam,.
~a"l. and ern"on 5e"u>o) an: bern1l
plannell m lhe area, of dam foundall0n, anll
rehahlilial u>n. appl) m1ll'umpUlcr-ha\CJ tel·h-
nulu!!) lll!an(hhde prohlem,. rod ,lope,:
n\er and la~e·,hure '1;Iblln) anll erO'lun:
h)d"'l:'eol(~) and halardOl" "",,,It,; and
pwolcm' of App"la<hl"n !:,,,ul.'I;)
T"" ')I11I"""a ha\e been ,<'hedulcd On"
')lltpt"IUItl ,,"III Include .12 pape" on Ihe
";lIe-ol-lh('·arl r."di<·lum aoo conlml of
tlllnC 'ub"den,·c The olher ')ltlpt"IUItl "tll
melude.\O p"p"r, add.e)"n!:' "'lie' .e!:,ardrnl:'
Ihc hl'l"ry 1I1. n""d f"r. and currenl 'lalu' "f
pruk"'unal rCl:'''lralllln for !!eUh1l:'''''
hour half-day ,h"n <·"UP."" arc \Chedulcd
,·on.'urrenl ",Ih lhe annu,,1 rneellnl:'. They
PITTSBURGH
~
--
ar" "I:.n, ,runmemal App!I"all"n~ of I:.nl:'l-
nee"n!! GeOllh)'Ic' ": .. ApplIcatIon' of
Mlcrocompul<·r, I" Rud SI"P<' SI;lhilil)
,\nal)",,.: ,. ,\n Imroducliun w Geu') nlh,'I-
'''' S"I('('I;un, l)e\l1ln & Applll'allun, lU
W;"re l'a('illlle,"; anll "SI1<' Chara<·,erl/all"n
for NIKlcar Wa,le D"p">'al ..
On Tue,da). Oelober~. 1990. the l'enn')I-
'ama Geol,,!!i<·al Sutle) and Ihe Allc1lhen)
Olu" See1l0n "f Ih<' A '"Il.·,.•
lllln "f l:n!!lnecr m!!
(ieolulZ"I' "" til 'ptm"" :1 on<'·<.!a) lea<·he~'
""rhh"p In .'''nJune!;on "lIh Ihe "nnual
mectrn~.
The ,\kelin~ ""III feature alt Jo,lnhlll'r..·
1lram "llh O\-;:r 55 eOrnpanle' parlK,pallnl!
The e~hlhrl ar.'a I' cer\lrall) h>calcd 10 all
meclrnl:' and funell"n room,
In addu"", I" lhe lcchm,'al pW1lrall' ,,·he<.!·
Irlc. a full rail!!" "f 1luc" acllVl1le,. 'vcctal
e\enl,. and fldd Irlp' hah' I... <'n planned 10
hrin!! all<'nd,"" IUI!,·lh"r
Ttl rec"'le a b.(\("hurc and ."f"rmatlllll for
rel,'I'lrallun ;lnd ,'~hlbl1' conl;ld
ALG. Mb\-IS
"0 Bu, ~7n
Green,hurl!.I'A 1.'i6(H
(412) 8.\6·681 ,1. (800) 34.\-~ 12'J or
18001 J4!-167J r,n PA) ')01'

98 CAlIFORNIA GEOLOGY lola, 1990

 Landslide and Flood Potential
Along Cache Creek
Lake. Colusa. and Yolo Counties. California
By
MICHAEL W MANSON, Geologist
landslide Hazards Identification Program
Division Of Mines and Geology

ThtS artIcle was adapted from landslide Haz-

ard. o/otlg Ccehe Creek berwe"n Cleof Loke and
Capay Vol,er. tah. Co/u.o. and Yolo COllntfllt$,
(olifo,n,o. DivISIon of Mine. ond Geology Open- UKI....H "
F;la ~flpor189·JO llandslide Hozard Mop No.
19, Kol.12",OOOI. The Iondslide invfl,l'90rion
woo ~rfo.med und", the lon,hl,de Hozord.
Idenhfico!;on Program ILHIp) eslobl,s.h.d in 1983
by the Colilornio legislature to ptovide inlorma_ "
han 10 redu<e landslide hazard. ond property
lon4l1 in cleveloping oreOI. 10 Improve public
"'/ely by identifyIng gre~. ,ubi_ClIO debri. flow"
C1nd 10 d.....elop map' .howing landslide hOlord.
for use by local government planners. The Cache
Creek area" one of more rhon 20 Oreal withon
CalifornIa mopped under this program (lee
Calilornia Deportment of Conservation, 1988;
Monson, 19890).
Tho study COVers geologic cond,tion, related to
slolH' ,tabil,ty along Cache Creek between Clear SANTA ROSA
Lake and Copoy Valley 10 identify IOCOlrllet
whorelondsllde movement could rewl. in block.
og. 01 Coche Creek in on event ,imilor 10 Ih"
1906 landslide blockage ollhe creek.
The .rudy r"sul" can be u..d by local ogenc18'
10 make land·u.. de<:lSlQlll and to prepore lor
mItigatIon 01 landslide hazards Ihot PO" a Ihreal
10 public oolely. The campi.,. repon (OFR 89-
30~ oneluding recommendation, IOf emergency
~redn.tl and planning lor mihgollon 01
Iondslode hazards, will be available soon Irom 0"
o
o
vlllOn 01 MInes and Geology, PublIC Inlo.mol>on,
660 Befcut Onve, Socfomento, CA 95814·0131.
. .c/rtOf
<"

SAN FRANCISCO
~
..
F,gure I. LOCOhOn 01 Cacho Cr"ek and Capay Volley I ,n color) in centro! CoMofMlo Coos, Rang ...

INTRODUCTION

nAt aboYI
~htJ(:k
9 o'dock on the evening of
Tuc~ay. May 1. 1906. a ~lisht
was fell in Capay Valley. California
(Figure 1). The great San Francisco
e:trlhquake had occurred only 13 day~ be-
fore. and nOllOO mueh nt)(ice .... as gh'en
co lhl~ rate~t shock. When the local cili-
lens arose the next morning. however.
they ....ere surprised to find that the WOller
levelln Cache Creek had fallen consider-
ably. Al GUllld... In the C..pay Valley. the
creek 1c\"C1 h:td dropped 5 feet overnight
(Will/l'r$ £.fpr('$$. r906a: WrHH//wld fJlIily
/Jel/1(}<'rtll. 1906).
Due 10 lhe rugged and remme nalure of
Ihe C..che Creek dminage up~Ire..m from
Capay V.. IIcy. the cau:.e of the drop In
w..ter was not known until Thur~ay.
M .. y J. 1906..... hen word W'h received in
Capa) thai a larnbJlde h.uj blocked C..che
Creek below Wlbon Valley (Figures 2
and 3).
The I..ndslide Ihat dammed Cache
Creek was aboul 100 feet high and nearly
500 feet wide on top (Willler.f £lpr/'ss.
1906b). It wa, compo:.ed of debris frorn
lhe Crocl. Canyon Formation (Lo.... er Cre-
taceou~: Lawton. 1956) and impounded
3pproxin13tcl) 12.000 ..cre-feel of water
(SCUll. 1970) In a lal.e that e."cnded
about 4 miles up~treall1. No attempts .....ere
made by local authorities to removc the
ob~truclion due to difficult acccss 10 this
remmc location. I n anticipation of a
flood. most of the fesidelll~ in the upper
C..pay Valley evacualed their homes and
c..mped out on nearby hill~idcs (PhotO I).
When Ihe dam faIled five days after the
I.. ndslide created 11. the re~ulling flood
elllered the Capay Valle) and dcvastated

CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY
thc small toy,n of Rum~) (Figure II.
destroycd sc\ocral buildin¥s. and damaged
lhe count) bridge across Cache CrecL. and
lhe SOUlhern PacirlC ratl facilities. The
f100d-walcr 1C\'c\ reached a height of four
fcci abo\·c the normal high y,alcr mOirl
Fortunately. no one was IOJured Of L.lllcd.
Although the landslide and flood wcre
mentioned 10 lhe summar) reporloo lhe
1906 San Francisco earthquakc (Lay,-.on
:and OIhen.. 19081. il soon faded 1010 ob-
scunty along Y,ilh many other cffecb of
that great e\en!.

The following article by Ed E. Lc<lke.

editor and publisher of the Willlers
£,prt'ss. appeared in the May II. 1906
i5~UC.

WHAT HAPPENED TO CACHE CREEK

The Grear Dam Goe. Out Ea.y and Nobody I.

Hun ... Small Property loss or Rum.ey and lots
01 uc<lemellt All AloI'Ig the Creek.

The grealllide in Coc'" Creek hos gone au!,

ond .... ~ple of Capay "'CIlley hcrve "'tiled
dow-n tel normal conclitson" For fW. days ....
,Mabdonts of t+>al beautiful "'CIlley w.r. unoder
" " - wspen"" ... peding haur+y rho! the dam
wavld gr-. way and Ihou.onck of 10M ol_er
M pre<,polated dawn Ihe creek. .we'9'I'Ig 01
before <l. The ... peeled ond leored happened PhoIO 1. XOI'p of .... 1906 landslide (cenler 01 pftotol_ Cache Cleek os,.,.1 au! 01 view at the ba.. ollhe
'" 0I'lIy a small degree. Sunday noghl abous two difl. AIthovgh rho. slide occ.....red 8.. yea.... ago, .... Korp and slide mou of the Iand1lide on Cache
o'dock .... dam went, cutting away ,n th. c.nltlr Creel< or. shft d.....ncl rhelondslide c~n about 28 ocr.. and originally contoined 3.1 mil50n cvboc:
and I.tt'ng oul the waler .Jowly. 01 coune a "'CI1I yards of motenoilScOIl, 1970) Although !he subsequenl flood and !he damage it caused 10 dow-n-
a_nt of debris wenl dawn w,1h 'I, and Ih. cre1l .lfeom commun,t,., were ..rious topoa. !h.. local c",zen, lound some humor on Ihe .. tuaIlOn. One
01 the Rood was so covered w,th droftwood and Woodland "are ron an ochrertlSemenl ,n !he Daily Democro' during the Wl!ek 01 May 8·1", 1906 lhot
Iree. rho! even or Capay 'I looked like on. could read ,n pan, "DANGER OF flOOD IS OVERl Not balhlng coslume bu, good kn,t underwear" the
H

almo.t walk acrou il. garment now needed. f'tto'os by M.W Man,on

The pronc,pal damage woo done at Rumsey, rhe

head of the yolley. Troyis' hou.e woo wo.hed
away, lhe Earl Fruit Co'slooding shed wrecked,
Ihe Southern Pacific pump hou.e corned up 10
Ihe depol, all the yard track. dellroyed, Lloyd's
barn com&d off, bath approaches 10 the counly
bndge ocrO.. the creek deslfoyed and Ihe ..II.
domog&d, and considerable ,nlury was done to
some orchards. The wOler went ,nto the depot,
bul did no harm. II 0110 corned off J.M. Marron'.
Slo•• and post office and wogon ....d, but .yery·
thol'lg hod been moved OUT, 10 no damage was
know rhe way. Those who hod rhe tnp ro make
under normal cond,llonl followed up Ihe creek
banks, but 0' 'hellood was e.pected 01 any t,me,
nobody wonted 10 go by Ihol roure
IA party of fi.... officlOl. from Yolo County)
hod arrived thol morn'ng from Woodland. and
tokong aU rho o"'CIilobl. ha...... and two or three
.......le'
gUIde. out lor the dam belore the Ifoln
Cache Creek canyon is a mONel 01 nolure's
hand,work. The stream 1I0Wl 01 the bollom 01 a
lremendou. gorg", who... mounlo.n ..d" are
Irom one 10 two IhoulOnd feel high - ....p
mounlo,n rodge. 01 'Irot,fied .Iote, Iy,ng alan on·
gle 01 forty live degree .. and where the surloce
has wfflC"n~y decompo.ed, co....red WIth a
heavy growth of chaparral, monzonlto, scrvb
.......
ook. some P"'01, and On InfiMe YQrle!y Ollhorny

done to .....tock or the ma,l
Jo see IU1I what me conditIOn, w.... before the
break rho ed,1or of the upreu mode lhe Inp 10
.... sc.... of .... olide,leavtng Win'.n F...ooy
fftQmIng at a moment'. nolK•. AI ModiK>rl, J II.
Jones boarded Ihe troon, and soon modeo II
known t+>al he was On the way 10 .... .Jide. Mr
Jones hal much .tock on h.. form thor would be
offecled by a big ""h 01 water, and he wonled to
see what the donger was. So he and Ih. news-
paper I'I\On mode a compact to go 'ogelher
ArriYlng 01 Rumsey, It wo.learned rhar Ih••I,de
waS probably twenty mil.. away, and Ihe counlry
between Inacce."ble mountaIns, II one did nol
Mr Janes e"pec1ed 10 mak. the trip on 1001,
but the dislOnc. was roo greG!. and beong WIOC·
CU1Iorned to horseback nding he decided to go
home Thor left the _spaper man alone, and he
was no' a l,fIle depressed at the oeernmg neces-
.1Iy 01 rna~"'9 !he Inp alone, no _ appeonng
to want to ottempl ,I
Through ,he k.nd..... 01 Mr Co.. Irwon a good
hone was obla,ned, and obo!.oll,ye o'clock a
young Mr. Morfin SOld he wovld go Secunng a
mule "whase nome was Maud.: but was oher.
word ch,,"ened "Dynam.te" for reOlOnslhal WIll
appear, he ond Ihe Kflbe fared lorth
Two hours lro...1brought us foee IQ foee WJIh
the Woodlond tourosll. They hod go... U9 in two
partl.... one on e<ther side 01 the creek. [Yolo
Countyl $I.Irveyor AshIeYs party aNy hod
reached .... slid•. Mr Ashley r.ported Ihot
[Ihe Iondslidel hod formed a complete dam In tne
creek aboullooo leet from bank to bani.. 100
fee' wode< on top end wrrh a bose al~, tooo
feet 'I W01 oboulloo feet h<gh and Its ""me....
bulk and weoghl kepI It from being pI.Ished dawn
stream by the greal _'9ht 01 water ,mpounded
, ... waler was wirh.n I.n feel of me top, n"ng 01
me rate 01 ... ,nches on hour, and could M u·
peeted 10 run oyer In twenty hours, wh,ld the po,.
llb.lity wa. Ihal ,he barrier would glye way In
much Ie.. t,me.

100 CALIfORNIA GEOLOGY May 1990


Pholo 2 General topog,aphy 01 the Coche Creek reg,on View loward Ihe eo.l. Cache Creek (bol1om
cenler of pholo) meanders eastward through Ihe narlhern Coosl Ranges from Clear Lake 10 Capay
Volley. Gloncod Mounla,n and Bl..... R,dge [on Ihe lefl and "ghl hOrIzons, re'9"ct,vely) mark Ihe Iran$<-
Ilon from the rugged lerro,n of Ihe Coast Ranges 10 the low rollong h,lI. and ItlYel.xpons.s of Ihe Cen-
lral Volley 11,1$1 beyond Ih. h,1I1 ,n Ihe pholo The obrupl vert'col scarp of a d"',ncl Iondslode can be seen
On GIo..cock Mounla,n, Reocl,volion of Ih'l large slide would impound Cache C'INk otld 11"8Oletl
Slole Highway 16
Now Irovelotlg 01 n'ghl up a conyotl from which
"",ope would be more or Ie.. d,Hicvll.tI doyl,ghl
, ,s no fun, and Ih. tlewlof'Oper mati was tlol 01
oN loUrpmed Ihal h.. compotl'otl atld gu,de, afler
the alum'tlg porty had diooppeo,ed ,n Ihe dark·
nom, should OIltloutlce lhal he 0110 hod bo.o.'tle..
'n Rum.ey. aock he w.nt for home, otld Ihen 'I
wOI up 10 the ollte, fellow 10 go on alone Or re-
Ivrn 10 Rumsey 10' Otlo"", maker of ralh prom.
i...s. COlching up w,th th. [Woodland) parly Ihe,.
wo. found omang Ihem a young man. ""ho hod
s!Drted for the slode bUlla,led 10 reach ", before
th.o1e who d,d, wonled 10 go home Th.s was AI·
berT A. Alletl of Woodlotld. He troded h.. toded
mul.lo, "o,.nomile" ridden by the homewa,d
bound Rums.y mati, and ogom we were OU!'NOrd
bound Th.. was Ih. Ihird componion Ih. hpren
ed"or had been blessed w,lh ,n one day and he
vlle'ed a silen! supplicol,on thaI he m'ghl be a
stoyer He ""01. A. Allon ,tuck 10 lhe mvle until
Ihol pugnoClovs quadruped could no longer
carty h,m, and .ofely mode the ,ound lrop.
Trave~ng on 10 Beo' C'eek, a $!ream o,lo'ge
now as" Pulah C,.ek in summer, we craned 10
the d,,,,de, look up a can of woler, bu,1t a 'OUlOng
fir. by lhe I,ght of whoch we drIed weI slock,ng,
and Ole s.ord,ne. and crockers, and lokong a lurn
in Our nedl,e. we c~mbed On dowtly bed, of
.0'. wilh Ihe YOuhed. 1I0t bede<k.d sky for a
coverl,d and llept vnhl 4 o'clock,. occos,otlolly
gell,ng vp 10 replen..h Ihe fir. and chose Ihe fe.·
I,v. woodtick.
Ago.n desc.tld,ng to the creek bed, winding
bod and fOrlh oeron ,I vnhl Knob's ranch wa,
reached five m,leslrom the .lide, Ihe hour hod
come ""hen ,t seemed foolhordy 10 court dong.t
10000ger, otld we cl.mbed 10 the north "de
mounlo'n.
Choporral eve""",h.,..; mounlo,n ..de olmo,l
100 .Ieep for progr....;'un fiercely hal, nO water;
deep ",",n'" thol could not be croll.d, compel-
ling long detoun Once mare we slid da""n to Ihe
Ilreom and follo>Vfld " vntil w.. lhaughllhe Illd..
bo.oltwo m,l..s o""Oy and Ih..n, c1,mb,ng up Ihe
maunlo,n on Ihe >DuTh ..de agom look up the
","uggl.. w"h chaparral
Thot loll two m,I .., cOnlumed jUIltwO houfl
and at elevetl o'c1ack we slood allhtl tldge of Ih.
barrtltl mounta,n llde f,om which somtl n,ne 0'
ten acres 01 d,rt hod .I,d ,nla Cache C'tlek, ,top·
pong ," Aow a' camplelely o,lh.ough the tlorTh
hod optlntld and Iwollowed up lhe wOler The
dam wa. complete Not a d,op of l,quod oozed
th'ovgh ,I
Here wa. a greol barren .poce an Ihe mOUn·
tam I,de lrom wh,ch th. s.oil hod all.lopptld owoy
The expo,ed ,urfoc. was yellow cloy and 'ock, h
wal olmo,l 01 smOOlh O' the back of on.'. hand,
and 'n many ploc....p"ngs of ""O!er were pou'-
,tlg f,om "
Th. real couse of Ihe .I,de was nol hard 10 lind.
H.. ,e wal a mounlo,n "de s.o .!eep Ihot climbing
woo d,Hkult F,om a hoghe, ,ang" Ihe r".ervo,n
of Winler ro,n. w..'. f..ed,ng .p"ngllhol hod
complelely solu,ol..d lhe f.w feel of ea,lh Ihal
co..ered The cloy and rock,. and then well,ng The
horde, Ivrloce, Ih.. h,ll.,de ocl..d IUlt Ioke Ih ..
""Oy. of a Ih'pya,d II,pp'ng ," bo.orden ,nto Ih.
leD below No earlhqvak.. woo needed. Gro..,ty
and Ih.lack of adhesion did Ihe ""ark.
CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY May 1990
CI..o, ocr01l Ill.. cr....k wenllh...Iide, ca'ty,ng
w,'h " bru.h and trees and ...en a bould.., of
twenly feet Or mo,e in diomele, thaI wo' pu,hed
up on Ih.. tlotlh bank of Cach.. Creek vnhl ,t W':IS
Ih,rty or fony feet high.., thon lhe c..nler of the
dam, which WO' illelf aboul 100 feel h,gh.
Securely ,mp,nged ogolnl! a perpendiculor
blvff 01 ," narlh .nd, wh,le the .ovlh wa. re,n.
fo" ..d by On ,mmen", we'ghl of earth and de.
bri., a dam loy aero.. Ihe creek Ihot ,f The wale,
could be kepI from Row'ng over it. m'ghlllond
fa, agel.
Calm and .erene 01 a .Ieeplng ch,1d a lake of
wale' loy above ,I, wilh lull enovgh MOllOn 10
sugge.I lif.., bo.o! g,..,ng no h,nl of Ihe cruel pawer
" could dilplay .hould 'I be loosed from the
leolh, Oret 1000 feel ave'oge w,dlh, 100 feet
d..ep and .ome .,ghl m,(e. ,n lenglh, he,e woo a
body of wale' lhat set ,n mOI,on wdd .. nly would
wip.. oH Ihe mop Ihe o"ho.d. and forml of a
p,olpe,ou...alley below d.
ICounty) $v,,"eyo' Alhley ofld Olhers of good
ludgement expecled Ihtl worsi 10 happen. The,..
was a chonce Ihal a. the middl. of the dam wal
low.., thon the end., Ihe wo!..r wovld by culI,ng
Ih'ovgh the,e /itst, RoYoo Ilowly and thaI th.. ...,11
body of eorth requ",ng sO much hme to be
washed ovt would hold bock the flood un,,1 if wal
100 Imoll to do ... t..n"..e domog... Th,s is actually
whol happ..ned, and 10 Ihot" due the fact thai
the beoul,ful Capay ..olley,••liN ,nhob'loble
hetybody hod been fully warned Allan the
lowlands hod token to Ihe hilil. h we'. belle.1ho1
many moY..d who need nollhon Ihol any should
.uHe•. Not a Me wo.lo,t and Ihe d..llruc"on of
properly was incon"derobfe compared "",th
whol m,ghl have been
Leo..,ng the .Iode alone o'clock and feeling
confidenl il wovld nol go out befo,.. onolher day,
we eo.ily mode lh. tnp 10 Rumley by floghl fall,
whe,e T.O, Mor"n ga..e ul au' fin. worm meal ,n
forty hours, and pro..ided comfortable bed, on
the hogh g,ound where we slept ,n peoce.
Till: 1906 landslidc:'f100d c:velll ()("-
curred alllllme "hen lhe region "a~
much Ic.. ~ dcn~cJy populalcd Ihan II b
no". A ~imilar landl>hdc flood C\·cnl
lIx1a) In lhe ..rca would be a lhrcallQ
lire and properly.
CACHE CREEK STUDY AREA
The Cache Cred.: slUdy area i~ in lht'
norlhern CO:l~1 Ran£c~ ~eomorphic prov-
mce orCahrornia. apprO'limmel)' 75
rmlc, ntlrth or San Fraoci"Co and ~6
lillie, "esHlorthwe~1 or SacramenlO
IFigure- I: PhOIO 2). The ~lUdy area e~­
lend.. appro~imately 30 miles dO" nSlream
alon~ Cache Creel: rrom lhe Clear L:1I.e
II11poundmg Dam lin lhe Cil)' or Clear
Lal.eJ 10 RumsC) (allhe head OrC:lp;l)
Valley. Figurc 2). Access is by w;'y or
101
 ,
Figu.e 2 Reg,onol geolog,( mop of Coche Creek.1udy OreO Geology Irom JennIng. and Strand (1960). LaWTon (1956), and Wag ..... and Bortugno (1982);
locolly mod,f,ed by Monson 119890)
Fault - .alid where occurot.lr located; da.hed where
opprox,molety Ioco!$d; doned where concealed
o Alluv'um lHoJoce"e)
c>. lond.J,de deposll1(Holoce"e)
0 •• Modesto-Rly_rhonk formOllOns
(orkosic oU'm"m) rPl.','oce..e'
'"
O~
Terrace depoSlI1 (PleIstocene'
Red Sluff Formohon (g.ovel In •• dd"h
SIlty or sandy mol",,) (p1.'lIonn")
CliChe Formallon [Pebbly sandstone,
conglomeral', ..h.lone and tuff)
(Plio-PI,'llon"e)
Clea. Lake volconoes (d-doe,t.;
a-andesl'ft to bo.olhc rock, b-bosolt.
•• rhyolite; Huff and olh,r pyrocJosrle
rocltsllPlio-PI."locene,-Qvotemory
conde' cone D. volcono
T.homo Fa,mOhon (Sand, "b, and
~olconlclo'hc roch)
{Pilocene)
" Copay Formor.on (Monne .ondltone)
(focene)
Slale I-lighwa)'~ 16 and 20, allhough large
pOr!lon, of Ihe ll.e:.1 h:tlf of the Cache
Creel area do not have impro\ed road~
and fell. road." lead directly 10 Ihe creel
it,elf The widlh of the 'lUdy area mnge,
fr"m one 10 lhree mile:.. and relief in lhe
arc:t approache, 2,200 fcel.
The c1ll1lale in lhe :.tudy area i.. chamc-
tented by hOi dry ..ummcn and modemle
\0, mlers. Snow ocea~lonally co\'ers much
of the arca during inten"C \0, mler storlm,
\o'herea.. Ihe :.ummerllrtle lemperature:. re·
fleclthe proximity of the area to lhe hoI
Central Valley. Temperalure e,~lreme~ in
Ihe 'IUd)' area arc greater Ih:lll al Clear
"2
SYM80lS
Conloct
UNIT DESCRIPTION
Pmz Mort,nez FormatIon (Manne q...ort.
ZOIe IOndltonel (Poleocene)
K... Upper CreIOCeO... S (UndifferentIated
mOnne roc..)
Kia Forbe, Formohon (Monne .hole and
.,Ilitone]
Kg G""ndo FormohOn (Monne 1000itone
ond mud.tone)
Kf F... nh Formollon (Man..... sI.ole ond
sandstone)
KI Sites Fo,-mor,on (Monne londilone)
Ky Yolo FormO'llon (Manne shale and
sand.lone)
K~ Venodo Formollon (Manne landllone
and conglomerate)
Luke bee'au:.c II lad" Ihe moderaling
effe~'l,of lhe tal.e. Mue'h of Ihe area
I' to,,~red b) Ihld bru,h con'I'ling
uf chaml..,;', rnanzanlla, and bucklhorn.
The remall1der I' l!ra~:.land \\1Ih :.tlillered
oal Ir('e,
The I'lIh)elaltline, of equal r•.IInfallj
map sho.... , lhe Clche Creel ,Iud) are:1
received an :llemge of 25 10 30 lnehe, of
rJlnfalJ pcr ycar bcl\\een 1906 and 1956
tRanl/. 1971). Lal.e!"lrt, (In lhe \\e,1
margin ofClcar Lal~. r~cell~d an avcr·
u~~ of 30 inche:. pcr )eM From Jul) I.
11.105 10 June 30. 1906, 37,J3 Inehe:. of
r.lln fell on talepor.: all c,llIllaled 96.2
pcrccntllflhl\al110UIll fcil fr"IIIJIII) I \ll
C.... UfORNI .... GEOLOGY May \990
Synclin. +
KI. KI,p lo.....r Cretoceo..., Greol Volley Se·
quence !Mar;ne mud.tone. lond~tone,
ond conglomerate) tKllp - delrltol
I.rpenllne)
KJ ..., KI'P lo....e, Cretoceou.-Upper J... <O"'C
Great Volley Sequence (Manne
m... d~tone, "lIltone. IOnd~rone. and
conglomerate) (KJ.p - delnrol
'erpenhnel
Kif F<onclScan Complex ("·,andllone,
Ihole, conglomerote; cll·chert;
gs·greenslone; mg·metogroywackel
...m SerpentInIzed ultramafic rockl
Jgd Gabbro and diabo~e
April 30 (California DqKtrlmCIll of \Vlller
I{c,ouree,. 1%1. Table.. 2 alld 3).
There arc <.t\cral ~maJl raneh('\ up-
'lream from Ihc Clcar Lale Impounding
Dam. and num('wu, farm, and r.mche\
arc dOl'olhlre:lIll in Capa~ Valle) h'\\, If
an~, PCOIlI~ Ii\e along Cach~ Cr.:el he·
lll'een Ihe ~l;1I11 and Ihe vallc)", MOI,l of Ihe
1:1I1d In lhe 'Iud) arca i\ Slale or Fedeml
property (U.S, Bureau l'f Land Managc·
ll1~nl. 1972). Thc gr.l~ ..land, ;rrc used for
callie llra7l11g. At'ce,s 10 mut'h oflho.' pri·
\atc land III Iho.' arca i\ Cllnlmll~d b)
hUllllng cluh~ lLawton, 1(56), A large
Tule o:Il herd r.JllgC' Ihrough Ihe \lUd)
:Ir~a, and decr arc plentiful.
 STUDY METHOD
Becau"C lhe lerr;Jin in the \lud~ area h
e~tremely rugged. aeri:lll,ho1()', \.Iere
[bell 10 condu{·t a land~Jide mvel1tory
Land~lide~ :lI1d dcbn~ f1o\.l~ typic<llly en."
ale dlslinclive l<lndform~. "uch <l" ~carp~
111 the ~ource :Ire:!" and hcnche~ and elon-
gatcd bulge\ at the toe or do\.l nhill end
(PhOIO 2). Selected :leri:ll photo" \.Iere ex-
:u11Ined for evidenee of land.. lide~ u..ing a
siereoscope and identified l.. nd~llde) \\crc
plolled on a base map hcale I :24.000l.
Exi\lll1g geologic nlllpplllg wa!> al"o l'om-
piled on the base map. Field obM.'rvation
of land~1 ide.. wa... limited to aC('cs..lble
:Jrea~ along Slate lhghway~ 16 and 20.
along Cache Credo bet\\een 1\::lehtree
Cros~ing :md lhe North ForI. nf C;Jche
Creek. and frolll ..e\'Crul visla points along
C:lehe Creel. canyon. Field ,tudles were
made m 1:l1e 1988 alld carl) 1989.
GEOLOGIC SETTING
Rock Units
GeologiC unit.. \.I Ithm the LO\.ler Lake
11.5 nunute) quadrangle (at the \.Ie~t end
of the :>tud) area) include the Cache For-
mation IPho-Plei'iLOeene: R)1llcr. 19711:
19111). -.orne uhmmaflC" and ~ilica car-
bonate rod.. Ihal are part of the Coast
Rangeophiolile' (Brice. 1953). and Cre-
taceous sedimenlary Uilib n{':lr Lower
Lake and MlddlelOwn (Swc and I)lel.ln-
son. 19701. Adjacent parhoflhe Wi!""n
Valley ;Jnd Glav.cod. Mountam (1.5 IIl1n-
utel quadrangles to the e:l<,[ IIH:lude the
Great Valle) Sequence of Upper Jura~-
..ice) and Cretaccou .. ail-c. and other unlh
'uch as the Cache I'orrnalloll (Lawton.
1956). Detailed m:,pplnil- along C:ll'hc
Creek in the vicinlt) of Wilson Valle)
"a~ conducted dunng an investigation of
pro(JO'ed dam~lle' 'ScotL 1970),
The Great V:lllc) Sequence compri'es
,,\'Cral di,tml·t geol0il-Il' formations in the
ca..tern and central por\lon~ of lhe "lUdy
area (Figure 2) Thc\c formations con.."t
of interbedded ..hale. nlUd\lOne. ,and-
"lune and conglomerate strata that dip
)tcepl) ea<,[\.I:mL and arc highly fractured
and JOll1ted. Area.. around CleM Lake that
arc underlam by unih correlated wllh
\Ome oflhe formation, (the Vcnado and
Brophy Canyon Formation,. the Blue
Ridgc Member of the Crack Canyon For-
I1I:U ion. and the .. Unnamed Mud"lone"
Formation: UnIt' Ilk. lila. Ib and 1:1. re-
,pectl\el). of S.... e and I)ickm.."n. 1970)
wcre claS'iifled:l' "Most Su'Ceptlblc" W
land,lidcs and debris flo...... lMlln..on.
1989a). The Cache Formation. \.Ihich un-
ckrlie.. the \.Iestern ponion of the Cache
Creel. qud) :lrell. is an unce11lenled lInd
Pho'o 3. Poorly sorted 10nd ond gro~el 01 ,he
P1io-Pleilloc;ene C<Xhe Creek Formollon 01 ,rl
'ype lo(oilly olong Nil"" Long Volley Rood. Lake
Counly. Vie"" lIra rhe ""e,' PerlOn IS about
°
Sleet. 3 ,nchel loll. The type kKol,ty of rock
lormot,on is the oreo where Ihe 10rmo1<on ""0'
f,",re<:ognized ond deKribed Note ho"" rhe
uncemllnted ond uncon.olldoted led'menlS ho~e
reod.ly eroded Irom rhe runoff 01 ""nte< rOlno.
rel:lti,"ely uncon<.ohdated a..semblage 01
poorly ,orted cobble g.raveI,. 'and ,Ind \lIt
'Photo J). Areas around Clear L:ll.e that
arc underlanl by th" unit life also de\lg-
natcd as "1I-\0\t SU"CCPlihlc" to land~lidc'
and debrrs flows (Man"un. 1989a).
lond$lides
A land..lid... I" ddlned a, a tII:I" of
rocL wil. and debris thaI has becn dl~­
pl:K'"ed do\.l n"lope by ..Iidlng. llo\.ling. or
!'aillng Lllnd..lide, Include eohe'lve blocl.
gild..., ,lI1d dl,rupted ,lump, that ha\C
formcd b) tran!>latlon' or rolallOn· of the
,lope tn:uerial, along one or more plan;Jr
or curl'ipl:lnar ,hp ,urfaces. The Ca,'he
Crecl. land..llde halard Illap ,Ill"", me-
dium and large land..lidC\ lhat :Ire VISible
on the blacl. and "hitc aerial pho(()', u'ol.'d
for tht" "lUdy In addltnJt1 lIIthc\{' land-
\!ide... therc .Ire mnumcrable unmapped
"malll;lnd..lide,. dcbrt.. avalanche ,car...
and mel. F;Jl!s alollil- Cache Crccl. and 11\
trlbut;Jrre~. Due W ,lope 1I1'tablltl) fac-
to('\. both the largc :Ind "mall ..lope fail-
ure, .... 111 {'onltnue III (lCcur (l'holO "I.
Ca(he Creel. IS Jn anlecedent· ,tream.
It maUllaltl' It.. original ea'terl) cour",
through mountatn, th:1I are belllg uplifted
be{'au\C the v:lriou.. geolngll' unlh tnl\-
er\Cd by Cal'hc Cred. erode rclati\'c1y
c:I'lly lI'hotO\ 2-4} M:1I1} of the "lope
failures are trig!:!ered by unden:ul11l1g Jnd
ero~ion of lhe hill,ide ,lope" b} Cuche
Creek and Ih tributaries.
CALIfORNIA GEOLOGY Moy t990
When ,hale and ~and~lOne ullllS an~
steepl) dlpplOil-. thc Ie.... rC"i\tant ~hale
bcd, arc eroded dov.n tn... dip and along
the upper ..urf:lee of lhe n\(lre-resiq:ll1t
";Jnd!>lOl1e beds. The ~llnd..tonc bed~ acl
a.. pa\ernenh Oil the dip ..Iopc\ lth<.l'ol.'
,lope, lhat are parallcilO the direction of
beddmg till) Thc luud..lone ...hale. :lnd
'<lnd!>tol1e layer.. that arc 'tmtlil-rJphicall~
above the "paIement" bed~ are eroded b)
unden:ulling on the llnlldlp· ~lopC\ (Fig-
ure 4). and. therefore. arc highly suscep-
tible 10 Illnd~liding and debris f10W'i
CKadhrueh and Weiler. 1963). Well-dC\'cl-
oped jointll1g or fmcturing weakens the
~tr..t:l and inlensiflc, ,"~eeplibllll)' 10
landsliding. JOlllt~ 10 the rocl." provide a
palh for il-ruundwater infiltration and mI-
gration. wll1ch reduces coOe'lon of the
sedllllenh Researcher' h:l\'e found thlll a~
man) a, 90 pen:ent of act IV{' slope fail-
ure, de\elop on alUldlp ,lopes in tilted.
rCil-ularly Jointed ~dllnenlllr)' rock,
{Koger,. 1986. p. 25}.
Other ,lope failure) are trlgil-ered by
IIIcreascd pore-water prcs~ure (pressure
exerted by groundwater \I ithm Ihe ,"oids
between mineral grams in ..oiL alluvium.
:lIlll bedrod.) due 10 lhe infiltration of
rall1water. The re~ulllng deereaM.' of ..hear
'trength (internal resIstance 10 dcfornw-
110n by \he:lrll1g) can cau!>C "lope failure.
Thc le,"cl of the water table (depth 10
groundwater beneath thc land ..urface)
\'arie, \\ Ith the amount of mtnfa!1 for the
area. During the \.lInter. the water lable
and pore-waler prc....ure ri-e becau,e of
Itlereascd rainfall. and during the ,umlller
and fall month.. the \.later t;Jble and pore-
\.later pres~ure drop becau.'oC ra1l1fall i..
negligible. If r:llnfalll" hIgher than a\er-
age durmg the .... intersca~on.the water
table will be h,ghcr lhan :t\'ct"Jj!c on a hill-
slope alld ground\\<ltcr prc....urC"l ma) be-
("ome d:tngerou~ly hiil-h Under lhe..e
condUltm". hilbide mO\clllent could be
:lcll\Jtcd hy an e:lrthqual.c. or {)\'CfS:llUra·
tlon of \CuI b~ ad<.htlonal minfal!. or \j-
br.Ltlon" from c~pIO\ion.. for road
{·on'lruction.
Numerou\ "ludies ha\e ..hown a corre-
lation bet.... een large earthquake, and in-
cident' of land~lide~. Land..lidc.. that
were lriil-gered b) ..0 hi<.tori<"al e;Jrlh-
qU:lke, ha\'e been documented (Keefer.
Jl)l(4). The magnllude 7.1 Loma Prietll
carthqu:ll.e of (ktober 17. 1989 activated
many land~lide, 111 Santa Crul County
(Manson and olhers. 1989~ Spittler and
olhe,...,. 19891. A landslide ncar La
lIunda. 111 S;Jn Mateo County. California.
which occurred 33 lillie" away from the
epicenter. was probabl) triggered by lhe
~lorgan Hill (M 6.1) earthquake of 1984
103

•
LN
Conglomerate bed. 0 0 0 0 0 . 00 (> 0 " 0 00
Foult _ greater ,hon 4,200 f....1
Unit contoc!
landslIde' Arrows "'ow directIon of ~
downolope movement ~ yellow·brown sand.tone, w,lh ,nle'-
SYMBOL UNIT DESCRIPTION
001 AllUVIUM IHoloceneJ: Depo.." of
groYe~ sand, silt ond cloy along Ihe
oc""'e ~Ireom c"onnels; ,nclude, smoll
polch... of older bedrock locolly.
Q" LANDSLIDE DEPOSITS (Holocene
ond lale Pleistocene): Include' land·
,I,de, mapped by pre",ous ....orker>;
many ol"er smoiliondslide, ex,~1 bu'
Ore nO! s..o.... n; orrow~ ,ndicate gen-
eral direchon of moyemenl. landllid.,
Ihot curren,ly oppear'o b. ,table can
reod,ly become remobilized by
,ncrealed predpito!ion.
TERRACE DEPOSITS (Holocene and
PlelSlocenej: Uncon~o!ido'ed to semi-
consolidaled ollu"ium depos,led
mo,nly by slreom" ....,th m,nor lokebed
depos,,, of "Ils'one and mudstone; el.
eyaled obo"e pre~ent ~tream cllonnel~
and la~e bo"ns,
KJ",m LITTLE VAllEY FORMATION, ROUND
MOUNTAIN MEMBER (Lo....er Creta·
ceou~l Predom,nontly lig"l.groy 10
bro....n sllole and ~Ity ,hole, ...." .. m'-
nor mud,lone, ,nlerbedded sonc!,'one
and some limestone, conla,n~ detnlol
serpenhn"elocolly. Conformably oy-
etlo,n by ,"e Baldy Maunlo,n member
of ,"e Doy;s Canyon Formollon, ond
conformably Oyerl,es the leesy,lle
member of tile l,lIle Volley Formo',on
""
29- 01.
\ hlghl) dl\rupted lanlhlidc~ from steep
Kccgc
\ III 19Otl. arc common at MM VIIKcefcr.
Klvj"\-
UMIl tf"ckness in the ,tudy 0.80"
''''' LHTLE VALLEY FORMATION, LEES-
VIllE MEM8ER (low•• Crelaceous):
PredomInantly huH, light-g.oy or
bedded .hale and silly shale ond
occaSIonal conglomerate. Un" ,s 600
to 1,800 f.elll·"d, and ,est. can-
la.mobl.,. upon the "Gnzzly Creek
member" of the "C.ock Canyon
Farmol,on H
Kccgc CRACK (ANYON FORMATION,
GRIZZLY CREEK MEMBER (lower
((fIlaceousl Predom'nonliy .hale, sihy
lhole, ol\d mudstone, ","th oc:co..onol
londllone ond .eve.ol conglomerote
len.el; conla,nllh,ck Ie"... of detrrtQI
"'P'"'tn,telocolly. Un,llh,dne.. OJ
3,200 '0 4,600 feel
Kccbr CRACK CANYON FORMATION,
BLUE R'DGE MEMBER Ilow.. Crekl·
ceou~): Conglomerole ond sond~lone
....,th some ,nle,bedded mud~tGIMI.
Conformably oyetl.. ~ Sulphur CrH~
formatIOn (lOWIOn, 1956; S....e ond
DIC~,nson, 1970j Un,t th'c~nen ,n
the ~Iudy areo,~ opprox,motely
2,100 fHt
KJo UNNAMED MUDSTONE FORMA_
TION lUpper Juro~~c·lo....er Creto-
ceo~l: Domlnanlly mudltone .... '1..
m,nor sond,tone ond conglomerate,
''',n-bedded cheri ond ptl.o.... lo"a~
pr.,ent neGr bo~e of un,l. S"ole ,s
medium'o don bro.... n or gray; sand·
"one ,s green"h gray 0' brown. In·
clude, Knoxy,lIe Forma"on (Broce,
1953), Sulphur Cree~ Formalton (lo....·
,on, 1956, S....e ond D,ck.nsan, 1970)
CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY May 199(1
. . figure 3 Geolog,c mop of '''e 1906 Cache C,,!e~
landslide locolity (from Manson, 1989b, mad,f,ed
from la....'an, 19S6),
(Wieoorcl and Kcefcr. 19H7). The Jl)(}6
C<I<.:hc Crcell:H1d~lldc m:lY h;l\'e been 1111-
tiated hy the nmgnnude H,:!5 S,ml·r.ln-
('l~('lle;lrth4Uale of Apnl Ifl. 1906,
although lhe epicenter w..\ about IB Inile\
\oulh Oflhc c.lchc Crel'l arca (Real and
mhcr\. 1(78), The 1906 San t·r.H1C1"C1l
canh4uale oc(-urrcd <It the end of a .... In-
ter Ih:1I had higher Ihan norm;11 rJtnfal1.
The ~h:lking Inlen\lly fur Ihc region ~ur­
rounding Ihe C<lche Crecl. lamhlide 1\
1 e\lllU;lled III h<l\'C been V_VI on thc
~ltxl1l'ied ~krcalli (MM) !>Calc durmg the
It)(X, c<lrlh4uake ISl'OIl. 1970), Shall".....
\h}J)C\, \Ul'h a~ ocl'urrcd at Clchc Creel
11)114. p, 420), Ahhough the 1906 Coche
\
Creclland~llde wa~ nOI in~lanlaneou~jy
trig1.!cred by Ihe earllKju"ke, the a~soci­
alcd ground milt ion may h,lVC opened in-
clplenl f.. ilurc Ill<lnc~ in Ihe ~Iide nm.\~
;llong which groundw<ller pcrcolatioll
l'au~ed hydrc)!,talil' pore pre~~lIre to in-
l'rea'-C. rc\ultmg in ~1"Jl'C failure 12 d<lY~
later (Scolt, I1J70. p. (5),
The 1906 Cache Creellamhlidc mowd
WIth such velocity thai a boulder 20 fCCI
111 di"meter wa\ c..rried :l(;ro~~ the can)·tm
:,nd lifled more Ihan 30 fCCI abllI!C thc
main tna\~ of the dam. Thc Ircmor fcll III
C:lP;IY V:Illey on Ihc 11Ighl of May I eould
h:lve been cau'-Cd hy thl' 1l11p;!CI of Ihe
laml\1idc (Scot I. 1970l, Allhough thl\ 1\
\ery pt)!,~lble. an altern..u\'e h)'pt)(he~l\ is
th<lt .. \lIIall eanhquale did Ol'Cur locally
and triggered Ihe lan(hlidc. No local
carth4uale of magnllud;: 4 or largcr 1\
h~t;:d for Ihat dale nllpptllad.. and olhcr\,
1(78). Onc earllKjuale wa~ reported at
9:.10 p.m. on thai dale near GuerneVille.
Sonoma Coullly. appro'wn:llcly .Ut mlle\
we\t of Cap;ly V.. llcy. 111\ 11\led ;I~ MM
Itllcn~l1y VI (fell hy all pcr-.on\).
Belwccn 1969 ,IIUJ 1984 Illore tlwn 36
..mall earlh4uakes (magnitude 1.0 til 2.1J)
necurred m lhe region betwecn Ihe I'xx,
Cll'he Creelland~lide ltx:alily .. nd Lalc
Bcrr)'C\\a, :lpprOltlt11,ucly I') mllc\ Wille
\<luth. One C;Lrlh'lual.c epiel'ntcr w..\ only
:! l1tilcs WC\t \)f the I:md.,lide (U,S. Gen-
lug leal Survey, !lJlS5), The ~allJe <llllnunt
lit micro~ci\l1tieity Itwy have occurred lit
the rcglon til 1906, but bccauM: there
wcrc nn in\lrUmcltl\ ,'arablc of re"ordlng
,Iny \tt1:111 earth4u..lc\ ncar Cache Creel
;11111..1'1ItIC.;1 hypo'hclicai "triggerin.!:!"
earthquake would nol h..vc been
reeordcd

Photo. Exposu,. of n.orty ....rTlColly d'pplng
11<'(110 of the Fisk. Cr.ek Fo,mo~OfI roc:u. Greo!
Volley Sequence, olong SlOt. Hoghway 16 KlUth
of C>lo1.Koc:k MounlO.... View,s 10 th. IOVIh. Th.
debns lhol foils off th. outcrops, slKII gS from
lIeo'7 ro,ns, _es downslope wllere ,t eyenlu·
glly reoc:lles Ille Coc:he Creek chonnel. Tile
gmgunt gf debns Ifgnsporled by tile llreom de·
pen~h on Ihe omounl ond ....Ioc:,ry of tile wgler·
flow. With 'ncreased llreom flow c1gy ond sill ore
'rgnlporled firsl, followed by ""nd, pebbles. cgb·
bles tllen boulders. F,ner sediments gre cOrrled in
wsperll,on gnd gel gl on obros,ve slurry glong
tile length of the chgnnel.lorger c1gstl are
bounced and roll"d along Ihe channel bed by
wOI.r oclion. When the Ilr"om has remoyed gil
of Ih, led,menllrom lhe bed lood, eros,ve forces
'hen begin 10 scour tile chonnel, downcun'ng ,nto
the bedrock. Teclonic upl,ft of Ihe Coall Ronges
produced dromot,c fold'ng and foulhng and
~oused tile entrenchmenl 01 Coclle Creek.
SUMMARY
I)MG land'lidc pro~mm 'laff madc the
foUo-.- mg tOIlc1U'lOn, from d:l1:1 galhered
durmg the Cache Cree!; land~hde
m\'c:.llgatlon:
I. Nurnerou' land~hde~. bolh aetivc and
dormant. arc pre\.C1lI alon~ Cache Crt.ocl.
Nexablc Jarl(hlidc~ an: located at GI:L'>~·
coe!; Mountam. Round Mountain. and
along the South Fori. (maUl braoch) of
Cache Creek upstream from Il~ eonnu·
elll.'e \\ Ilh the North Fori. The 1906
Cache Creel. land~hdc. located along
Cache Creel. acfU'>~ from Round /I.'loun·
tam. I~ ea.'ily idcnllfied on air phot".. and
In the field du.: to the large htllslde '>Car
and II:) rclall\'CI) fre;,h appcaraocc_
,
2. Landslide :K'uvlly m Ihe arc" .... 111
occur in the future. Some of the Illrj:.er
existing Illndslidc~ could bloc!; lhe l·reel.
If the) \lere rellc\l\'ated A lanthhdc
l'omple:\ locllted on lhe 'Outh face of A
Glasscock Muulllain althe ea,tern end
of the stud) area coold blocl. both Stale
Iligh\l";ly 16 and Cache Creel. If II "
reactl\Olh:d.
J. A fe.... eXl~lIng Illtllhl,oc, along the
South ForI. of Cache Creel. .... Ilhm one B
mile of lhe Clear Lal.e Impoundm!:! Dam
arc located in areas \lhere the creel. clluld
be bloeLed if one or more of lhem be-
come reactl\...led and dammed the creel.
The ImpoulKk--d ...."atcr would flood Clcllr
Lale bobln.
4. The "IOO} area l~ a tel'loolCall} acll\'C
regime \lherc upllftl~ occurnng. Thl'
pr-occss leads 10 the O\'C.....teepcnmj? of
~lopc~ along Cache CflOCl.. Ihu~ mcrea~mg
their in~tahllity. The Eocene, P"dlcoccne. o
and Cretaceous rocL: unll~ In the llrell
eonslst of :.hale, nlUdS/one. -.an(htone, FIg"re. Four stages SIloWlng /he developmenl
and conglomerdtc ~Irdla Ihal are ~leepl)' of volleys w,th olternottng >hole (shl ond ""nd·
dipping and highl} fr,ll"tured. The Pho- slOn" {.s) Ilroto (offe. Rodbruch ond We'ler.
Pleistocene Cache Formallon "uneon~ll­ 1963. Figure 7).
wled and unl-elllCnted Althoogh ~alllplc,
ofthcsc rock units \lere nOlte'ted III a A. Gully formed ,n lOInTed _lined slloles (top).
laborJtOf}. Ihey can be expeeled 10 ha\'e II Roy,ne formed by enlarge....nl of the gully,
relatively low shear 'trength. In add ilion dlHllo e,osion down t+oe dip of t.... mor" ••sillonl
the\C rod unit, arc rc!atl\ely e;I~Ily ""ndslone .lr01O by undercun,ng the sllgles.
eroded. C. Conl,n"ed erOSl<)n down dip resull'l ,n formo·
loon of 0 volley w,th sand~lone gnd shale beds
5. Thc geoll'lorpholugy uf lhe :lrCll al-o e"posed on both s,d"s.
contributc~ to landslide aCtlvil)'. The ell.'I- D. A Jorge' volley w,th ""ndslone ond shole e,,·
ward trend and lIleandcrinj:.Il:111ern of poled on bolh s,dei-. Th" ""ndstone slroto lho.
d,p ,n the opposile d"ecrion 10 the votley lid. foil
Cache Creek formcd prior 10 the uphft 01
when Ihe 5110le 'nte,beds wosll gwoy. Th" sand_
the pre~cnt-day fllounlllin~. Due to the rel- stone bed. the d,p in 'he lame direction os the
lIli\'C e:L~e of CHlloion of the ,urmunding
volley s,de erode more slowly than the shol",
rocb. Cache Creek maintained it~ form,ng ridges thgt <><;1 as bunreslel for Ihe 5hgle
cour~e. O\'er time the cree!; cut deep inll' beds.
lhe ri~ing terrain. 'lilday Cache Creel. is
confined by ~lecp banb. Undefl1l1nillg of IhreOlened overflow and would hove prevented
the ~teep ri\'emanh by latcml ero~ilJll III ony Icore 10 Ille peopl" living ,n Copoy Volley.
the creel. l:hanncllm' lIt:ldc thcm UII- Ngw tho. ";1011 Oyer il seem. eo.y "nough tg e"·
~tahJc and sU'>Ccpl Ible to f;Iilurc. plo'n Ihot lhe danger wos not s"rious. bUI while
Ihe wgters were gathering in Ihe conyon beh'nd
Ihe b'g emOOnkmenl coused by the londslide the
A LESSON lEARNED .es,dents of the volley below were nol ,n 0 pos..
t,on to toke a pMosophicol yiew of the moner
Thot W05 why some of Illem gOI Kored ond look
10 the lIi"s w,th lheir h<wsellold goods and more
The folio-.- lilt; llrtlcJe I' lal.en fmlll the
voIuoble belong'ng5.
5mnlllll'/lW U'lilJl! of Ma) 10, 1906.
CACHE CREEK flOOD HAS A LESSON
People of Copoy Volley Find Out Thot Prompl ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Adlon Is Needed Under Such Cw<;umlfOnces.
I \I I,h to thanl.. Ralph ScOIl. of the C.al-
GUINDA. Mer 9119061_ The IMson Ieo.ned Ifornla Department of Water Resource,.
by lbe people of Copoy Volley f.om re<:enl expe-
nenc. WIth lbe Ior>dlJode ... !he Coc:he Cr_~ <;on, Red lUuff ofnee, for pro\'idin~ data COll-
cernlng the 1906 C:tChe Creel.. land~hdc
)'On wbi<:h Ihreoler>ed greol domoge to property
on !he volley IS thai such obstruct-.s shovld be dOO flood. Th(" 51',fflll/('/I1O Union and
deered owoy ommeOiotely II IS bel-.d thai lbe \\//11"1";1 f;"lpr'''U !!enerou"l} grantt"d per·
hmely use of 0 wfficenl quontlry of dynorrute ml\~l(Jn to CALlRJRNIA GEOLOGY 10
would ho.... OOvooIed aI !he donger hom ..... repflnlthelr articles.
CAliFOiNIA GEOlOGY 105

ontetedent .Ireom: 0 slreom lhot moonlolnllls
originol tourse during 10<:01 uphll Or
delormallon
gntidip slope: a hill shope d,pplng.n Ihe oppo·
lite d"edlon 10 the d.p 01 loxolstrolo Or loll 01
the lond .urloce.
8r1ce, JC~ 1953, Geology 01 lowe' loke 115')
quod,ongle, Col,fo,noo Col,lo,nlO O,VIt,on 01
M'neo 8ullehn 166. 72 p.. 3 plates, tcole
162.500.
CoMornoo Oeportmenl of Conservohon. O,V'''O''
of MJ"et ond Geology, 1988. lo"cftllde Hor-
o,d Ident,licohon f,og,om, An"uol Repon.
8,
Col,lo,"1O Deportmenl 01 Waler Resources. 1961.
C1eor loke·Coche C,uk botr" l"vetl>9OI>on
8ullelln 90. 265 p" 3 0PgendlCet, 55 lobles.
19 p1oles.
JennIngs, C W, o"d Stro"d, RG~ 1960. Sonto
ROIO Shut Colllor",o DiviSIon of MIne. and
Geology, GeologIC Allot of Cohlo,",o, Kole
1250,000
Keefer, 0 K.• 1984,lo"dlhdel couted by eorth-
quakes GeologICal Soc, ely 01 Ameflco 8ulle·
11n, v. 95, no. 4, p. 406·A21
lowso", A.c., ond othef'1. 1908, The Col,lo,,,io
eorthquoke 01 AprollB, 1906; Repon of Ihe
Stole Eorthquoke Inve.tlgot,o" Commluion,
Co,negle Inllllule of Wosh'''gton Pubhcotlon
84. v I, ports I and II, 4S2 p., 01101.
Lowlon, JE., 1956, Geology 01 Ihe north hall 01
the Mo'gon Volley [15') quod,ongle, and Ihe
loulh holl of the Wilbu, Springl [15'1 quod-
,ongle Unpublished Ph,D. diSienolion.
Sloniord Unlve,Slty, 223 p., I plole. scole
148,000,
Monson, M.W., 19890, londshde hozo,d. ," the
e<ltle'n Cleo' Loke oreo, loke County, Col<-
for",o Cohforn,o Deporlment 01 Conse",o-
t,on. Div,,,on of M,nes ond Geology Open.
file Report 89.27 (Londslide Hozord Mop
No. 16), 4 plates, Kol" 1-24,000
Monson, M.W., 1989b, londillde hazord. along
Coche Creek between Cleo' Loke ond Copoy
Volley, loke, Colvso. on<! Yolo counhes. Col,.
lorn,o Col,lo'nia Depo,tment of Conlervo·
!>on, Div,..on of MInes and Geology Open.
File Report 89·30 lLondil,de Hozo,d Mop
No. 19), 124,000.
Monson, M.W., Kefe', OK" ond McK.""d. M.A~
comp,lef'1. 1989, Prehmlnory ,econno,nonc:e
locollon mop 01 londshdes and othe' geo·
logIC leotu,e. ,eloled to eorthquoke .hokIng
,n the Sonto Cruz Mounlolns, Col,lorn,o, 'e·
lulling I'om Ihe Lama Prieto eorthquoke 01
'06
Glossary
ophiolite, 0 g'O\,Ip of mol«; ond ult,omal..::
'9neou. 'cxks tho! formed dunng the eo'fy
phole 01 0 de.-elopong OXe<ln boSln
uh,omolit 'otk: '9neou. 'cxk thot II comprIsed
maonfy of mo',c (do", tolored) mlnerols.
REFERENCES
CXtobe, 17, 1989 Col,lorn.o Depo"men' 01
Conlervol.on. Div'lion of M,nel ond Geology
Open·F,le Report 89.29 lin preIS)
Ilodb'uch. DH., and We.ler, LM., 1963, Prehml·
nory ,eport on londlhdes In a port of Ihe
O,indo Fo,mohon. Conlro COtlO Counly,
Col,lo,nlo U.S. Geolog.col Survey Open.Flle
Report, 49 p
Ronlz, S E., 1971, Mean onnuol preclp,tOllon ond
preClpitohon depth-du,otlon.f'equency dolo
for the Son F,onClKo 80y reg,on, (olilo,nlO
U.S Geolog,col Survey. Son f,onClKo 80y
Region Env"onment ond Resources Plonn.ng
Study 801M: 0010 Conl"buhon 32, 5 p. 1
plote, Kole 1250,000
Reo1, C.R .• Toppozodo. TR.• ond Po,ke, 0 l. 1978,
Eonllquoke epocenler mop 01 Co"'o,nlo-
1900 th'ough 1974 COMO'fllO Div'llon 01
Mlnel ond Geology Mop Sheet 39, scale
1;1,000,000
Roge.., JD.. 1986, londll,de p,ocesses 01 Ihe
Eost 80y HoUI FIeld T"p Gu,debook 10< tile
29th Annual Meellng 01 tl.e AISOC'OhOfl 01
Eng,neerong GeologISts, Octobe, 5·10, 1986
Son f,ont<lto Auoc,ot,on 01 Eng,nee"ng
Geolog..!s, 90 p
Ryme', MJ.. 1978, St'oh9'ophy 01 Ihe Coche for-
matIon !plooxene ond PlelSloceflef ,n Cleo'
Loke be"n, Lake Coun!)', Cololo,",o U5
GeologICal Survey Open·file Repo,,78·924,
109 p., I plole, Icole 1 24,000_
Ryme" M.J., 1981, S!rolo9roph,c ,ev,s,on 01 the
Coche Fo,mohon (Phocene ond Ple'ltocenel.
loke County, Col.lo,n,o US Geologicol
Survey 8ulleton 1502·C, 35 p
ScK,omento UnIon. 1906, (oche C,eek flood hal
o lesson _ people 01 Copoy Volley find out
Ihot prompt odion ,t needed ~nde' luch ci,.
cumtton<es Moy 10, 1906, p. 6
$coh, RG. 1970, Londlhdes In CCKhe Canyon
downllreom Irom the W,lson Volley Dom,,'es-
Col.forn,o Deportmenl 01 WOler Re~ourcel.
Norlhern DIStrict, unpublIShed Memo,ondum
Reporl, 28 p, 4 plotes,
$con, RG., 1971, 'I.e '06 Iandshd" on Coche
C'eek (olltlroctl· AssoclOhon of Eng'nee"ng
GeologISts 14th Annuol Meellng, P'og,om
ond Abllroctl, p. 35
CALIFORNtA GEOLOGY Moylt90
translational slide, downilopll dllploument 01
.Iope molenol along a planar .I,p lurlo<;e
rototionol slide: downllope dloploumenl of
llope molenal along 0 tu",.plonor tl,p
",riCKe
Splllle'. T.E., ond Horp, EL~ compile.., 1989, Pre·
I,mlnory mop 01 Iondsr.de leotu,es and co·
le,~mlC fissu'el t,igge'ed by the Lomo PrIeto
eo,'hquoke 01 Oclobe, 17, 1989 Col,lorn,o
Deportmenl 01 (onse",ollon, O,v",<on 01
Mine. ond Geology Open·flle Report 89·28,
Kole 14800 [in pressl.
Swe, W" ond Dickinlon. WR_. 1970. Sed,mento-
toon ond Ih'uston9 01 lole Me.ozo,c 'oxkl.n
the Coost Rongel neo, Cleo' loke, Colilorn,o
Geolog,coI50c,ety of Arnerico 8ullel.n 81,
no. I, p. 165·188, 8 figu'es.
Toppozodo, TR., Parke, D,L., o"d HIggIns, CT.,
1978, St,,~mlC<ty of Colllo'nio 1900_1931. (01-
Ilo,n,o O,v't.on of M,nel ond Geology Spe·
clol Report 135. 39 p
US 8u,eou of Lond Monogemenl, 1972(19751.
Surloce monogement .'o'us, Heoldsbu'g
quod,ongle, stole 1100,000.
US Geolog,col SUNey, 1985, CAlNET eorth.
qvoke doto (preltminoryl_
W.A.C Co,po,ot,on. 1984. block ond wh,te 0"
photos. se"es WA(-84C, photos 4·80-
4·83,6·83 - 6-86, 6·251- 6-254, 9·68
- 9·72, 9·196 - 9-201, 10·52 - 10·5A, 11·
81 - 11-85, Kale 1 31,680
Wogne,. DL. ond 80rtugno. E.J.. 1982. Sonto
floso qvo,ongle D,v,sion 01 MIne. ond Geol-
ogy, ReglOnol GeologIC Mop Senel 2A, scale
1250,000,
Wieczorek, GF., ond Keele" 0 K., 1987, forth-
quoke·troggered londt!ide at La Hondo, Col,.
lo,n,o ,n HOOle, S.N, edlto" The MOfgon H,II.
Col,fo,n,o. eorthquoke 01 Ap,il 24, 1984 US
GeologlCol S~",ey 8~lIehn 1639. p. 73.79
Winters Express, 19060, Took to the hlU~ - bIg
land srrde ,n Cache C'eek domt Ihe wole'
and tco,ellhe people Moy 4, 1906. p. 3
Winters Exp,ell. 1906b. Whol hoppened to
Coche (reek - The greol dom goe~ out eOly
ond nobody" h~rt - ,moll property lOll at
Ilumsey and loll 01 exc,tement oil olong the
ueek,Moy 11, 1906, p 1.
Wood/ond Do,1y Oemcx'ot. 1906. (oche C'eek
loll. rop,dly _ cou.e unknown Woodland,
CA Woodland Dooly Democ,o" Moy 3, 1906,
pl_ ~
 Geology of an Area in Altamont Hills,
Diablo Range
Alameda and San Joaquin Counties
By
ALBERT L lAMARRE, DAVID W CARPENTER. MICHAEL J. lAFfEY, AND NEil B. CROW
lawrence livermore Notionolloborotory
livermore, California

PrOll,en ,n unde..tondong the complu geol-

ogy of the Coost Ranges physiographIC provInce
,nvolves a step-by·,"p approach in Ii",
comp,e-
hending the geology of smaller oreOI wltho" thIS
prov,nce By pUKing logethe' the knowledge
9cuned Irom these smalf,r oreal, a c1eorer pic-
lure of the Coost Ranges geology;s emergmg
Th, follow,ng an,d, describe, Ill. geologIC sludy
010 portIon 01 the Altamont Hill. that was con-
ducted as port of the grOl,lnd water Invesltgot.on
01 lowrenu Lvll.more NatIonal LaborolDry
lo<;,6"fl. e>difOl"

INTRODUCTION

I n 1953 officials of lhc Lll.... rcncc Li\'CT-

more Nallonal Laboratory ILLNL) 10
LI\crmorc. California. selected a nearb}
area 10 te~t high e"l:plosi\'es associated
\111lh nuclear weapons research (Fig.ure I).
Illgh e"l:plo;.l\"cs tCl>ling began 10 1955 and
ha~ continued: parttck beam· fC..earch i..
al,o "urrenlly being eonducled Ihere.
Th" 'lie. !..nown as "S,le 300:' I' :lboUI
••\.... Site 300

11 'qu:lre mile, in area :lnd I~ 18 ro:ld

nule, ,outhe:l~l of Livermore 111 lhe
'p;lr,ciy popul:lted Allamanl Uill, of lhe
Diablo Range. Aboul five-l>ixlhl> of Itll~
'lie i, .... ilhin we.lern San JO:lquin
Counly: Ihe remainder lic~ in Alamed:1
Pacilic Ocean

'\
Coullly. Since 1982. LLNL l>Ciel1li'l~
, Mil. .
10 15 20
have "onducted groond water 'Iudles
benealh the Slle al> an IIllep111 part of I i I I I
Iho: gcologit· 1O\'eStigallon.

The 'Ill,' lopogrdph} includes '\Oulhea~­

lerl}'lrendlng ndges and canyon!> of mod-
erato: relief Ele\"3llOn al the -"lie \":lncs
from aboul 500 feel at lhe cnlrance on
Corral 110110'01 Creel... to O\l:r 1.700 feCi
ncar tlK' north\locst corner. Well dewl-
oped stream drainage on the ~lle allO\\,>
nunwater 10 draIn Into Corral Hollt)\ll'
Creek located adpcenllo Ihe <;()Ulhern
boundar) of Ihe l>lIe.
REGIONAL GEOlOGY
S,le 300 is on Ihe eal>lern l>lde of Ihe
Allamonl Hitb. a pari of Ihe Diablo
Rangl' wllhin Ihe Coa:.l Range' phy,lO-
Figure 1. Regoonol \.en,ng allowrence l;"ermo,. Not,onoIlaborCl!Ol'y and S'le 300. AlIomorll H~1s,
o.oblo Range, Alomedo and Son Jooq",n COUl'ltlel, Caillornoo
graphi<' prO\ lnee. bel\locen Ll\'crmore- filled \lollh laIC Terliar} 10 Holocene sedl'
Amador and S.. n Joaqum \'alleys (FigufC menls. malOl} dcri\'cd from lhe surround-
2). TIx: Cool>t Range phy"ographle prm· 109 mounlalOS.
inee consists of a sy...lcm of norlh-north-
wcstlrcndmg. faull·bounded anticlinal The pre.-.eol ph}'l>olograph) and geology
mounlam range'. and "foclillal \'alle}'s. of lhe Coo~t Rangel> arc Ihe result of de·
Bedrock coos"IS of 19oeol.h. metamor- formation and depol>itiona[ processe,
phIC. and sedllllentary roc!"s Ihat range :llong the teclome boundary belwcen lhe
III age from Jura~l>lc to Plc"locene. The Norlh American plate and Ihe P'dCllic
mouotalll mngel> arc cOIllJXll>Cd of Jurassic p[;l1e (.. nd ils predecessors. Ihe Juan Dc
to Terlillry age rock" and locally may ex- Fuca. lhe Farallon. and Ihe Kula plales)
cecd e1evallon, of 4.000 fecI. Valleys llre (I)..Jgc. 1982).

CALlFOI1NIA GEOLOGY May 1990 107

....
 Rod., e"po~eu in the region ~llrround­
ing thi, ,ile lll'IY be cl;t~~ified into threc
general grollP~:
(I) Late ·!crtiary-Qllaternary. 5 million
year, ago (myal-Hol,x'ene - alluvium
and 'emi-('on'olidated ,edimenl~ of
mainly ('ontinental origin;
(2) Early to late lcrtiary. 65-5 mya -
Neroly. Cierbo, and Te~la Formation~;
~hallow m;trine and continental M::uimen-
tary and voleanicla'tie roeb; and
0) Jur'I~~ic-Cretaceou~, I KO·65 mya -
Great Valley Sequence, m.trine sedimen-
tury rorb: Fmncbcan Comple;\;. imen~ely
sheared and deformed l11etamorphlY.>ed
M:dimemary and igneou~ rock~.
The generalizcd regional di~tribution of
these unils is presented in Figure 2.
lote Tertiory-Quoternory Units
The youngest stratigraphi(' units in the
San Francisco Bay area arc predomi-
nantly non-marine sediments that vary
from Pliocenc to Holocene in age (Dib-
blee and Darrow, 1981), Older portion~
of thb sequence may be scmi-lithified;
)'ounger ~trata arc largely uneonM)lidated
alluvial deposib. These ~trata arc lIlCally
deformed and even Holocene sediments
may be off~et acrlY.>~ major. active B;ty
area f;tull.'.
Eorly to late Tertiory Units
Tertiary marine and volcanicla~tic
rock~ are present in the immediate vicin-
ity of Site 300. These Tertiary rtlCks arc
mainly sandstones ,llld ~h,Llcs with "orne
eonglomcrates and tuff beds. Source, of
the volcanic a,h and detritu~ were :lIlciem
"oleolnic eenter~ located where the SierrJ
Nevad;l now ~tand, (Lerbc"mo. 1956) or
closer "olcani,' center.-. in the Berkeley
Hill, ;lnd to the south (Dickinson and
Snyder. 1979).
The Tertiary rocb have been moder-
;ltely to imenscly deformed :IS;l result of
re('urring f;lulling lllld volcanic activity in
thi, region (Figure 2; Table 1). The major
Bay llrCa faull zone, influem:e the di,tri-
bution of the Tertiary roe"s within the
llrea. Numerou, faull~ eutlhe Tertillry
'>Cquence.
Jurossic·Cretoceous Units
The Grellt Valley Sequence underlie,
the Tertiary ~e(luenee ~tr.ltigf:lphieally
<lnd for the 1110,t pari ~tructurally. :lnd
in the vicinity of the 'lUdy arellthe ~e-
108
Paetllc OeMn
i
LEGEND
Late Tertiory-Quoternory
Alluvium and conlinental.ediment>
Tertiory
Sediment> ond volconics Ilocolly non_
marine) including Plio-Pleistocene
F'gure 2. Generalized geolog,c mop of the Son Francisco 80y area showing th" locotion of Sir" 300.
Key to symbols: S8, Solon,on 810ck; SAF. Son Andreas fault; HFZ, Hoyword fault zone; EBH, Eosl 80y
Hilt.; CFZ, Colovero' fault zone; MD, Mount Dioblo; GFZ, Greenville fault zone; AH, Altamont Hill.;
TOFl, Te.lo·Ortigolilo foult zone; LV, lovermor,,·Amodor Volley lodopted from Rober and Corpenler.
19831.
quenee i, cOI11pt)M::d of two form:ttion.,;
the MorellO Shale ,Lnd the Panoehc For-
m<ltion. The Great Valley Sequence con-
~iSb of Illarine .'>CdinK'ntary da~tie rocks
that h.l\,e been folded and faulted but only
slightly metamorphrn.cd. In the vicinity
of Site 300. the'i.C rocb :lre ellpmed on
the f1anb of the Di;tblo Range and
Mount Diablo. and form the core of the
Altamont Hil h nOrlh·northwe~t of the ,ite
(Figure 2). Great Valley Sequence l'I)(.'j,;,.
aho underlie the San Jo'lquin Valley
nOrlhe:l~t of the ~tudy area.
The eonlarl between the Great V"Uey
Sequence and the underlying FmnciM'<ln
Comple.~ is eon~idered to be:l falill. re-
ferred to as the Coast Range thrust (Dick-
inson, 1965). Structural re1ation~hips
:llong the Coa,t Range thru~t arc C(lI1lPk.~
uue to later reactivation of the thm't by
high-angle normal and 'trikc-~Iip fault
nUl\'cmelll. The Tesla and Ortig'Llila f,lulls
are ellample~ of ~uch stru..:tur.tl compl ica-
tion~ thlU oc..:ur in the vicinity or the
study are;t (Raymond. 197J).
C"t1FORNI" GEOLOGY MO~ 1990
Juronic-Cretoceous
1m Greot Volley Sequence
c=J Fronciscon Comple><
~ Me,azoic Gronite
The Fmnci\Can Complcll b eompo~cd
of v;lriably metamorphosed ~edil11ent:lry
rods that r:mge in cOlllposition from
:lrgillite to eonglol1lef:ltc and mafic
igneoll~ rod~. The~e HlCk, form <ll>lruc-
tur.llly emllplell and heterogenous unit.
The Fr.sn('i.,can Complell forms the base-
ment rod in llllY.>t of the eentr.sl Califor-
nia C{)il~t Range, lmd, in the vicinity of
Site 300. i.~ ellpo\Cd in the core of the
Oi,Lblo R'lIlge to the ~{)U1h and at the
Mllunt Diilblo picrcement to the north-
we.~t. Where expo.'>Cd "Outh of thi~ \itc,
thcM:: rcx:b ,Ire ~tfOngly deformed gmy-
wac"e, grcen~tone, and chert. .... ith Ic~~er
alllLJunh of sh:lle and phyllite. The rocb
are Ilrk'nted ncarly "ert iclllly or dip
~tecply 10 the north-northeast. OeclUse of
it, CIJIltplellity. no :!C('ur.sle stratigmphi(,
thickncss lor the Frand-.can Com pie", h<l'
been e'tilllated.
SITE GEOlOGY
Site 300 i~ IlK'ated within;l ~erie, of
'teep canyon, and hilb. Bedrock b CO\1\'

Plloto I. Aenot ~,ew of Lowrence Lovermore Not'onol Loborotory SlIe 300, frOM on olhtvde of 15,500
feel. Photo 'oken October 10, 1988. North .. 10 Itle top. Corral Hollow Creek, which cronel the center
of 'h. pllo'o from left to ngllllorms the southern boundory olthe s'le.ln'erilote H'9l1woy 580 and
o por' of tile Cenlro! Volley are 01 the upper "9hl PfIoto by Air Flight Servoces, Santo Cloro, CoJr/orn,o.
po..ed of Plto·M t{)l.'cnc vO!c3nicla..ltC
ruck, Crclaceou, '>C(lirneIll3ry rock, and
underlyin!; Ju......, ..iC-CrClaCCOll' ba~I1lCnl.
Alluvium III lhe :lre:l is prcdonlln:uuly
lerr.ll:e dcpo..il\. collu\ium, .mll rJvine
fill. The gel)logic ..lrUClUre 1" comple;l(
becau\C \C\er..11ll3jor fold, and \C"crJI
faull\ occur bencath the ,tiC (Figurc 31.
The geology of Stte 300 t.. based on re·
ginnal geologic mapping. b) lIuey JJWK).
Raymond (IWJ9). :!nd Dibblee (19KOa. b.
c. and dl...upplemented b) ob'>Crvatioll~
made durll1g detaileo.l hydrogeologIc "lUd~
ies of portIons of the ,ill' c\)uducted in
recenl yea.... b) LLNL (Raber and Car~
l>enter. 1983: Carpenter and others. 19K);
Buddemeier. 1985: Carpenter and other"
19K6; and Carpellier lllld \Jlher.. , 19881.
Phol" I " ,III aerial \ Ie.... of LuwrelK"e
Liverillore NallOflal L..borJlury Site
i()}, 1:lken from an .1Iltludc of 15,500 fecI.
Strolograph)'
Uncon.."lidatcll (!epn"t' III lhe 'Iud)
urc:! lIre 1'le"'lOccnc IIJ lIolucclle In age
and con"..t of collu\'iulll. allu\ lum, :1I1d
ravine fill IQa); land,ltllc dept"'lh (Qh);
ano.l tcrrJce or nl(ler .Illt" IUIll, IQnal (l-tg.
urI' ,\), Colluvium. :lllu\ tum. and rJ\ IIlC
fill material, \~o.lf) from ..iltyda) .. 10 ,til)
gra\eh; thtt'kne'M:' l)pically '<Iry frolll
I.cro :tlbedrod.. tlut,'rops III 1.1.5 feet
TerrJce depo"lh arc lllO'ot e;l(ten\llC III the
llOUthcrn part nflhe SIlC norlh ofCorr.J1
CALlfQl!NtA GEOLOGY Moy 19'90
lIullO\\ Crc...L and ("onsl'l uf ,andy ,tl1...
<lnd clay.. gr.lding downward to sand, :tIld
locally \·o:tr'>C cubble·.lIld·boulder·bcartng
gr.J\el... Thc'>C lermee, range from 3 to 30
feet thick
An unn.lIned Pliocene unit (Tps) con·
..t-r.. uf non·marine conglomcr;ll"'~ wilh
cobble, of angular grJywade and chert.
":Inll..lnne" and red. green, and !;.....y
d:l)' Thi, unit occur.. on Iwlaled hillhlP"
a, remnanl\ of a once t·ontinuou.. blankel
uf ~dIl11cnt. II .. 1'>0 has been ell("ountered
in Ihe ..ub..urf:!(:e beneath lhe .'>tlUtherly
P:lrt of lhe ,ne. Crcr....-bedded ..;lmblOnes
of lhe Tp, unil oceur near Building 834 til
the s(lUlhcaM porI ion of the ..lie (Photo 2).
The bedrock underlying most of the
,tully area con'*" chiefly of the conli·
nenl:!1 and eSlu:lrine. largely vO!c;lnlc!:ls,
ItC. :.cdimentary roel: of lhe Miocene
Neroly Form:!tion (Tn). The Neroly For·
m'llion. up to 450 fcetlhicl:, IS composed
of disllnctlve blue·we;llherlng .sandslones
;tnd ..iltslOnes. coar~ conglomer.Ltes of
well·rounde(l andc,itie and ba..allic peb-
bles :md eobbles. and interbedded luffa·
ceous sh:lles. Fraclures afe common. II
view of lhe Neruly Formalion ~tr.Jli·
gmphic ~ction ncar Building 826 iii
shov.n 111 Photo J. Above the Neroly For~
m:niol1 is lhe Pleistocene ·lillar... Forma-
lion (QIl) ~:lnd..lonc, A '11I:t1l outcrop
occur, imllledi:llel) cast of lhe site. Con·
fornl:lbly underlying the Neroly Form:.·
tlon arc illlerbeo.l(led. coarsc-j!r..mcd.
friable ...and'lones. earbonaceou... brown
..hale.... and luff.. of lhe m:!rine. lowcr
Mioccne Clcrbo Form:ttion (Tms,j. Sand-
..tones of thl' Cierbo Formallon cum·
monly appear yello" 10 browni'h gr.ty
til borclmle cUllings. The~ nueaceou:..
quarl/-fll'h. :lnd p)rtltc ...1ndsloncs arc
char.M:teril.ed by a high degree of sorttllg
and lhe pre'\Cnce of wcll'rounded chert
l;lCbblc,. The formal ion ha.. an :!verage
Illldne.... of 300 feel in lhe 'ludy area.
The Eocene Te'ila Fllrlll;l!tO (TI.lI) I' e.~­
~d ">QUlhwe..t of Site 300 and along lhe
"OUlhcrn l11<lrgin of the ..tte. It uncon-
fortlwhly underlie.. Ihe Cierbo Formation
:md rrobabl) underlie' other parIs uf the
..He at dl·pth. The li:,I:I Formation i:. <l
heterogenou, '>Cqucnce of bruckish I'o.:llcr
and marillc ,e(limenlaf) mels of lalL' Pa·
INK·enc tn e:lrly I::ocene age. The unll i~
1.200 10 1.500 fcetthiek "here e"po-.cd
~Juth \Jf the 'ludy area, III lhe northern
area of the 'lie. Cicrbo Forrnatiou rock,
arc directly underlain b) Great Valley
nx:J:...; thu, the Te,la I·orlllatlou h:l~
pmehed OUI or 1m, been eroded frulll rh"
area.
109
 The Upp.::r Crcl:lceClu, Gn:al Valley Se-
quence \lndcrlie~ Site 300 'II depth and i,
(-{)mp'(I~cd of the Moreno Shale and lhe
P:lI'lol:he Formation. Rocb correlaled
with the l:>;lIloche Formallon arc eXJl'O'Cd
locally in lhe northern and .... e'tern I>;!rl'
ufthe ~ite. The Moreno Shale ha~ nul
been recogllll.ed within Site 300 ibdf
On a reg,onal hasi" lhe Upper Crcl.leeoU'
Moreno Shale (Km) i" cornpoo;cd prnnar·
il) of poorly bl:dded. crumbl). green-to-
gr.ly ,hale or mudstone of manne origin.
and comformably o\'erlle~ the P·.l.noche
Formation (Kps). The lhid.ne,~ of the
Moreno Shale 1Il the vicllllty of the 'lUdy
area is Inferred 10 be in exces~ of 1.000
feel. The Panoche Formalion I' a thicL
turbidite M:quencc of intercalaled arLo,ie
sandslOne. micaceous ~hak. and local
lenses of cobble conglomerale. It, lhlcL-
ne!t~ benealh the !tile is unLnown.
The Jur.l.!t~ic-Crelaceous Frnnci,can
Complex (fs) i~ e"pm.cd in the Diablo
Range soulhwest of the 'lUdy are<l and
I' composed of graywacke. grcen~lOne.
cherl, and lesser <lmount~ of ~hale and
phyllilC. The rocks arc intensely folded.
fractured. and ~hcarcd.
Structurol Relotion$hip$
The bedrod. ~lrueture al the site i,
dominaled by lhe Pallerson amicline.
whIch trend, west·norlhwestleasl·SOUlh-
caM where 1\ crosses lhe ccntr.l) portion
of the ~tudy area (Figure 3). The Terllary
TABtE 1 FAULTS ADJACENT TO SITE 300 (Rober ond Carpenler. 1983) •
o.ltonc:e Probable
from S,te JOO 'eng'"
fault mile, m.lel
Bloc. Bune , 11.8
Callahon
Corral Hollow
0.'
0.1
",.,
Mldwoy 1.1 '.0
0.'
Poller$on Pall
T'ulo 0' "
18.0
Unnamed·· 0.' 51
·c.... ~ I;I~ R..... f,.I" --L..........s 1..11 ., S~o "10 ... .I1... ~'<oc<lI.. 'M k" • ..J ... _
• °Th" I t, " .IlftO".' r",,,, I.....,l nIC<I t.._" ot S~. 'OlI
110
, ~~
.....
..
. . . .~ ... ~, ,0
.~- "~ -:.~.
I
'"~
"
, '"
.,. .- -'
-
"
.'
,~
,
~
.
'"~ . .'• ,
Photo 2 View 01 Cro$s·bedded sondllones of Ihe unnamed Pliocene (Tptl ul'llt View II to 'M nOrlheosl
at BUIldIng B34 of 'he EnVironmental Telt Area Photos by Neil B. Crow. October 1989, ...cep' as na,ed
'>Cdimenlar) rocL~ dip gently to moder- bedrock <;/,."<Jucnee dips tov.ard~ Corral
alely lhroughoutthe "lte except for lhe Hollow. North of Ihe ridge cre~l. bed" dip
area ~)uthwe"l uf lhe CarnegIe fault al 1000ard Ihe northeast an a\lCrag~ of 10
the <;()ulhwc'l parI of the ~lte \,\ here lhe degrees inlo lhe trough of a ,ub~ldlary
orienlation of the beuT<l\:L -.cquence syncline thaI crosse<; the northe<lstern
r.lnge<; from ~~rt,c.sl 10 locall) mer- portion of lhe ~it~. The anticlinal <lnd
lUrneu. South of the anllehnal riuge. lhe synclinal axes plunge soulheast.
Summory des",plian
ThruSl fault, offsets Plell'ocene Tulare Formation. concealed by younger alluYium. No ear1hquake ep,cenler
data available.
Zone 01 small faults. grades into Calc'le·cemenTed 10fnts WITh nO dilplocements. concealed by Iand'llide and
alluYlal depoltls. No olloc,a'ed selsm'Clly.
Offsellsyncline contaln,ng Pl,ocene strata 0.4 mIles right lateral. buried by alluYlal depo$itl w,th,n COffal
Hollow, PrOlecTed into Livermore Valley by early wor.ers. confined to area northeast of acti"" Greenville
fault by athefl. No assoc,aled SeISmICIty
Reported to have offset of a PleIstocene eroSIon surlace a"oSl.t and calculaled low geologIC Iltp rOle of
0.05 mm/yr ba$ed on lhe obse.....ed offsel Thll is on order of magnItude tower Ihan $lip roles !hal have
be"'n eSllmaled lor aCllve faults olong lhe ealle.n ma'g,n of lhe Livermore·Amador Volley well of S,te 300,
and II two 10 three orders of mog""vde leSilhan lhe geolog.c $lip rOle lor the Son Andreol fault Iyslem A
few of .he diffu'e seISm,c ..... nts delec'ed by Ellswar1h and olhers. 1982, dum.g the peflod 1969_1981 we'e
centered near The MIdway laull No Slgnlficanl h,stonc eo"hquohs have be.n closely ossoclaled wl,h lhe
Mldwoy fault.
Bedroc. fault WIth,n Altamont HIlls, NE lKle up No olloclO1ed leltmlclty
Separate. franCIscan Compl.... COfe of Ooablo Range Irom Gre01 Volley Sequence and younger rach ,n
Altomont Hills; probable remnanl 01 CoolIRonge lhrUlt Truncaled by oclrve Greenville fault at welt end;
IntersecllOn WIth oc/lve O"'9O'ilO loul, ollOUlheol1 end 1$ lhrough comple~ $e"el of foulll wllh varying ori·
en'allon$ and lectonic styles. Regorded 01 ochve but nat spatIally allocoated WIth earthq\lOke adlv,ty mani.
tored from 1969 10 1980.
Normal bedrac. fault wlll"n AI'amonl H,li" NE side up. cOl'>Cealed by olluv,al depoSlII 01 POllerson Pass
Rood. No a$socoale<! leismicity
""".I I. r.t>k I
CALIFORN'A GEOLOGY Moyt99Q
 1, ... _
II .....
"""'001I f "."11IO ",,,-
..... \. '"
,
I,
•,
"....
._- ... .. '" '" ._-
.~',
.. -
., Tm...;.-, ~ . "'", ".
~

\"
...,,"'" -:(

..
.....
..,....
.......
".
,. L!!!' i<"
..~
-00.0
T
-2 I(m !!"." I(m po Tpo 7

•"- ""
..t. ~ ~- '"""
•Y-:i,,-'-...!~'N')::: '"~~!i:::::;'~f.k~i;.
':: ~
' ' -!6;'
"._' ';::-,,,,"~.._
·!'~·!"~I-;..;;!=-:r..~"~-;",·!::-;.-:~\";";''''";-..,~;;;?:;;iii··~·i·-;';':
.,__ "__ "__ .' ...._ .,""_ ..,.,.",00;,.. "... _..,'!"~f:_-;~;';"1J..",!.~¢:>';;~',7,::''';;''::!''''''''
" ..._ ,'....... '1.1,._ "."'''' " ...._

,,-----,',-"'--------------------------------------,"
"", EKPlANAT'ON

~
}
Allwlum Contod
Holocene -------------------------------------------
@U Landsl,de deb". Do.hod where g'(IdohonoJ or oppro,,,motely located
Quaternory Fault _
I Q~ I Old". oll\IYjum _ -,;;;.
~ U r ••••••••••••

@D
~
Tulare FormatIon
Nonmanne
} Ple,slocen"
~ D'
Do,hed where ,nlerred; doned where concealed. quefled whe'e e~lsr·
ence doubtful; double arrows Indicote IInke·ll,p movement, U-

~
ledimentary rocks

Neroly FormOllon
}
Pliocene upth,own IIde. D ~ down. thrown SIde, 'elotlyely.

Ax .. of fold
-- -- -- -- -- ---- --
+ - - - - - - _ ont,cl,ne

~
~
Gerbo Form<;lIIon
'edo Formor,on
M>oce"e Tertlory
--------------------t-- sync~ne
Arrow on aXI, IndtCate. d"eetlOn 01 plunge

l
~ Moreno lhale St,i~e ond dIp ol,t'ata
'<..5 ,ndined '<. indined :'5l. oyerlurned
u"'~ 'D
~

IT]
PonCKhe Formo~o"

F,onC'Kon Complex
C,e'oceou.
(Grear Volley
Sequence) }
J",,,,,.
CrellKeou,

'. 1
t,' Ie
(app,oxlmote]

9 ...
,

f,gure 3. Topogroph,c and geologIC mop of S,te 300 and geologIC «OSHec"on AA-AA (modified from C,bbl. ., 19800, Raymood, 1969, and Robe' ond
Ca,penter, 19831, U.S. GeoloQtCol Su ....ey quodrooQles (Ceda, Motlnto,n,lone I'ei! Creek, M>dway. Teslo, ond I'ocyl_

CAlIfORNtA GfOtOGY May 1'1'90 111


Pholo 3 V_ of MIocene Neroly Fo,moroon .r,ohgrophic: 1e<llon neo' BUIlding 826 01 _tIl·cenlrol
porl of Sole 300. View IS to tile nor1t>.
Two prindpal faults occur within Site
J<X): the Elk Ravine f:lUlt in the north
central p:lrt of the site. and the Clrnegie
fault which erOlol>CS the l>Outhwestern part
of Site 300. The Elk R:tvine fault trends
l>outheaslCrly :lIld. :lllhough a detailed
l>tudy has not been performed. it appears
to terminate to the soulhcasl. Localized
fault splays and cro!>l>-f:lUltl> wcre idenli-
fied by trenching and field mapping at
the northwestern end of the fault (lloff-
man. 1988. Taffet and other!>, 1989). The
fault olT!>Ctl> beds of the Neroly Formation
:11 Site 300. T"'o trenches across the fault
uncovered no evidence of faulting in the
alluvial fill and no olher eyidencc of Hol-
OCCIlC dlsplaccmcnt (Carpenter and Pei-
fer. 1983; Hoffman. 1988), 1III,.'Iplcnt soil
profiles de\"elopcd o\'cr the fault indicate
thlltthe mmimum agc of displacement IS
bctwcc.n 11.000 and 20.000 ycar!>, The
Carnegie fault merges north.....est wllh the
Tesla-Qrt1gahta fault (Figure 3). and with
the Corral Hollow fault southeast of Site
300 (Dlbblee. 198Ob). Trenchmg. map-
pmg. and Joggll1g of late Tertiary !>Cdl-
mcnt:IfY rocls and Quaternary allu\ ial
deposllS In a location 31.-ross the Carnegie
fault did not re\eal any features to Indi~
os« ,""""
111
eate faulting in the Quaternary allu\ lum
Thc lack of such fealurcs indll;atcs an
absence of l>lgnifieant actiYlty along lhe
Carnegie fault since al lcast late Plelslo-
cene time (Carpenter and I)eifer, (983).
A short unnamed fault tre1llh approxi.
m:uely north-south through the MJulhe:lst
part of the site (Figure 3). Less th:m 25
feet of verticalmo\"emenl has nct'urred
along this fault in beds of the Neroly
Formation. Thh faull has no geomurphJ(~
expression and is buned by Quaternary
allu\'i:tl dcposits, indicallng that 11 has
been inactive slnee late Tertiary tlllle
(Raber and Carpenter. 19IB). A ,m:tll
thrust fault cUIs the Neroly 1'lInnallon:1l
the >;outhcast part of Slle 300 IPhtJlo 4).
Seismicity
SIte JOO 1\ 1000:tted on the ea\tern edge
of the M:lsmieall) -31.'11\'(' San FrJocil>C'o
8a) area. 1I0000c\"Cr. the fault~ at Sue.300
..hoY. no cvidence of Iloloecne dlspl:Ke-
menl. and thus lhe ~Ite 1<' 1'01 \Iolthll1 a
Spcci:tl Stooles Zone undc~ the Alqulst-
Priolo ACI (Slate of California. 19721.
Map faulls of the San Andreas s)stcm
haw rcccntl)·actl\e sc1!menl\ In thc Bay
-,...
area; the nearest of these to Site 300 IS
CAUfOll:N1A GEOLOGY
the Grecn\llie fault. located about 5 111IIes
"cst of Site 300. Thus. the pnn('lpal scis-
rille hazard atlhe l>lte would be strong
ground shal1l1g caused by an earthquale
on the Greenville fault. A strong earth·
qual';: eM , =5.8) occurred OfT Januar) N.
1980. on this fault. This earthquake ....~J,
strongl) felt at Sile J<X) but did not result
111 an) structural damagc to "Ite faellllle!>
and non-\trueturJI damage was negligible
IRabcrand Carpenter. 1983).
In the surroonding. regKm there arc
M:\'en faulK Two of thc!.c faults -the
Tesla and Midway faults - arc consid-
ered 10 be potentiall) acti\'C (Raber and
Carpenter. 1983). II0000e\'er. no signlfi-
canl historic earthqualeo> ha\e been asso-
CIated .... Ith the Tesl:t or Mid.... a) faults
!Table I). TheM: faults are of linllted
exlenl and ha\'e dl'placed M:dllncnb of
Plio-Pleistocene age. Hov.c\'('r. there 1<'
no C\ ldence thatthc) displace Iiolocene
dePOSIlS In the area.
Distribution of Regionol Soil Types
Soils at Sile 300 are c1assined as "soils
O\<er bedrocl in the hill) and mountainous
area," (Cole and others. 19·U). Three
pnocipalwilt)pcl>. :tIl members of the
Linne senes. occur hcre: (I) Linne adobe
clay (In): (2) LinllC clay loam. roclout-
tTOp pha'iC (Ler): and (3) Linne adobe
cia). steep phaJ>C (LOl). AII three soil
types arc typically d:trk bro.... nbh-gmy
and calcareous. The linne adobe c1:t)
and Linne clay loam rock outcrop ph:ll>C
have al>OlIIcwhatlighler. strongly calcar-
eOUl> subsoil, suggesting some .'tOil profile
development.
HYDROGEOLOGY
Ground water il> present beneath Site
300 in l>C\'CrJI hydrogeologic:tl sellings.
Scvcmlshallow. perched water·bearing
zone!> of limitcd Imeml and vertical e~len1
have been identified during engineering
and elwironmel1lal studies. These perched
lOnc!> occur within channel deposit.\. of
10100' to moderJte permeability present
wlthll1thc Pliocene to Iiolocene non-
manne SI.-qucnce and within frotetured
rocl\ of lhe late Miocene 'COI} FormatIon
These perehed lones ~ kid little water to
observation wells and do nol constItute
poIentlal .....aler-suppl} source....
T.... o deeper aqUifers exist maml) be·
neath the >;outhcrn part of the ~IlC, Thcse
Con~ISt of3 water-table aquifer* 111 sand-
stone" that COlhlllutc the lOIOoer portion of
the Ncrol} f-ormation. and a deeper. con-
fined aqulfe~ that currentl) prO\ ides the
....-ater suppl~ for the LlNL faelht)

°
PhOlO 4. View of .mollthrvst foult cutting on out-
cropofNeroly Formolion. View is To the north neor
Building B79 ,n the Generol Services oreo.
SUMMARY
Much of the ea~tcrn Coast R'l1lgc
between Subull Straits and Coalinga b
underlain by b:I.'>Cmcnt rocks of the
Frunci~an Complex and GrC:11 V.tlley
Sequence: bceOluse of deform:llion, the
geology of these rock unit~ is difficult 10
intcrpret. The study areOl is underlain by
extellsivc bedded Terti.lry M:dimemary
rock~ in which open folds havc developed.
Thus, local str..atigraphy and structural
geology can bc inlerpreted more e:l~ily
th:1Il in many other CO:L~1 Range loca-
tions. The inve~tigations were dc~igned
primarily to determine the horizonlOll al\(I
vcrtieal extent of any possible contamina-
tion in ground water from operations at
Site 300. In order to under~tand the ~ub­
surface structure, it wa~ necessary to
study the regional geologic sclling and
dewils of the geology of the site.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thc author~ th:lIlk the following indi-
vidual~ who l'Ontributcd to the unJcr-
~lanJing of Sitc 300 geology and to the
preparation of thi~ report: Penny Web~lcr­
Scholten of LLNL and field gCill()gi"l~ of
Wei.\s ASM>Ciates for their proficient geo-
logic logging of borcho1c~: Willi.un
Dugan of San J~ State Uni\'er~ilY for
mapping the Elk R<I\'ine falJh: J.lllC WIth-
erell of K irk-Ma)'er. Inc. for editorial
~upport: Kim l-IeywarJ and Chris John"Oll
of LLNL for drJfting ~upport: Donna
Harms of LLNL and Jan Tweed of Bendix
For clerical assistance: and Bern QU:II·
heim of LLNL and Ken Toney of Broym
and Caldwell Engineers For eomputeril.cd
preparJtion of borehole geologic logs. We
also wish to thallk Fredric Hoffman :.Ind
William MeConaehie of LLNL for their
overall guidancc and dir<,ction for our
study of Site 300, and their peer review
ufthi~ article. Eugene Dr-liley, J:lllle~
L:lI1c. and M:lrjurie GOIJl.alC/ of Site 300
.t1so provldcd ,uppurt of our I'ffllrt~.
This work was performed under the
'lUspjce~of the U.S. Department uF
Energy hy L:lwrenee Lll'ermOre National
L;Jboralory under cum met No. W-7405-
Eng-48.
Glossary
canfined aquifer: 0 permeoble body of rock
bounded above and below by impermeoble
beds.
water-Iable aquller: a permeoble body
of rock bounded below by impermeoble bed,.
partide beam: .ubotom,c part,des, ,vch os
el«lrons, pOSllrons, ond proton.. ore occeler-
oted to high energies ond velocities and
focused inlo beams. Such beoms ore meosured
in terms of billion, of electron volts,
REFERENCES
Buddeme,er, R.W., Rugg,ero, M.R., Corpenter,
D,W., ond Young, OJ., 1985, Investigation of
lritium in groundwater 01 Site 300: low renee
livermore Notionolloborotory, livemore,
Coli/ornio (UClD·206oof.
Corpenter, D.W., ond Peifer, D.W., editors, 1983,
Supplementory Ooto Report, sae 300,
Chemical ond Hydrogeological Assessment:
lawrence livermore NationolloborOIOry.
livermore, Colifornio IUCID·19801).
Corpenler, D.W., Slone, R., Rogoini, R.C.,
McConochie, W.A. Crow, N. 8., ond Elwood,
R., 1983, Assessment 0/ the edent of Trichloro_
elhylene contominohon of soil ond WOler 01
lowrence livermore Notionolloborotory
Site 300, lowrence livermore Nationollob-
orolory, l,vermore, Colifarnia IUCID·t994S),
Corperoter, D.W., Elwood, R.. ond Gro.., l.G.,
1986, Assessment of lhe e~tent of Trichloro·
ethylene in so,1 ond woter 01 lowrence
l,vermore Nationolloborotory, Site 300
(Report 0/ Progress in Investigolions):
lowrence livermore Nolionallabarolory,
livermore, Colifornio (UCIO·20n 41.
Corpenler, D.W.. lomorre, A.l., Crow, N.B., ond
Sweorengen, P.M., 1988, Closure pion lor the
Decomm,ssioned H,gh bplos,.es Rinse_
Water logoons or low renee lovermore
NOhonolloborolory S,le 300, lowrence
livermore Nohonolloborolory, livermore,
Col%rnio (UCID·11369)
Cole, R.e., Koehler, l.F•. Eggers. Fe., ond Goff,
AM., 1943, Soil.urvey, lhe Trocy orea,
Coloforn,o: U.S. Departmenl of AgrICulture,
Wosh,nglon, D.C., Series 1938, No.4, 95 p.
D,bblee, TW., Jr., t98Oo, A preliminory mop of
The M,dwoy quodrongle, Alomedo ond Son
Jooquin counhes, Coliforn,o U.S. Geolog,col
Survey Open_File Report 80·535.
D,bblee, lW., Jr. 1980b. A prelim,nory mop of
the Cedor Mounto,n quadrangle, Alomeda
and Son Jooqu,n covnlies. Colifornio: U.S.
Geolog,col Survey Open·File Report 80-8S0,
CALIFORNIA GfOlOGY May t990
D,bblee, lW., Jr. 1980c, Prelomonory geolog,c
mop of the lone Tree Creek quodroogle, Son
Jooquin County. Coli/ornio: U.S. Geologicol
Survey Open.Fjle Report 80·S66.
Dibblee, lW., Jr., 198Od, A prellm,nory mop of
the Midway quodrongle, Alomeda and Sao
Jooqu,n counl,es, Colifornio: U.S. Geolog,col
Survey Open.File Report BO-535.
Dlbblee, lW., Jr.. ond Dorrow. R.l., 1981, Geol-
ogy of the northern Dioblo Ronge ond lover_
mOre Volley Orea in Geology of centrol ood
northern Dioblo Ronge, Californ,o, Frizzell,
V., editor, Pocific Section of SOCIety of Eco-
nomIC Poleootologists ond Minerologrst1,
lo, Angeles, Coliforn,o. p. 77·112.
Dick,n,on, W.R., 1965, Folded thrust conroct be-
tween Fronc05con rocb and Ponache Group
in lhe D,oblo Range of centrol Coliforn,o;
Geologicol Society of Americo, Speciol
Poper 81, p.148·249.
DICk,nson, W.R., ond Snyder, W.S., 1979. Geome-
Iry of Tripfe Junctions relOled to Son Andreos
tron,form: Journol 01 Geophysicol Reseorch,
•. 84, p. S61·S71.
Ellsworth, W.l., Ol.on, JA, Shijo, LH., ond Mor*',
S.M., 1982. Seismicity ond active faults in the
eosTern Son Froncisco Boy Region in Horl,
E.W., Hirschfield, S.L and Schulz, S.S.,
editorl, Proceedings 0/ the Conference on
Eorthquoke Hozard. ,n the Eoslern Son Fron·
cisco Boy Areo: Colifornio Division of Mines
ond Geology, Speciol Publico~oo 62, p. 83-92,
Hoffmon, F., 1988, Foult Investigolion 01 Pitl,
llNl Site 300: feller to Michoell. Higgin.,
Regioool WOler Quolity COnlrO! Boord·
Cenrrol Volley Reg,on, December 15, 1988.
Huey, A.S., 1948. Geology of the Teslo quodron.
gle, Coli/ornio: Colilornio Divisioo 0/ Mine.,
Bulletin 140, 75 p.
lerbekmo, J.F., 1956, The chorocter ond origin
of lote Tertiory Blue Sond.lone. in centrol
Coli/ornio: Ph.D. dissertat,on, University of
Coli/ornio, Berkeley, Coli/ornio.
Poge, B,M.. 1981, Sequenliolgeologic ,ndicotors
of plote interoctions. cenlrol Colifornio: E.O.S.
Tron.oct,on. 0/ the Amerlcon Geophysicol
Union, v. 63, no. AS, p. 911.
Rober, E., ond Corpenter, D.W., ed,tars, 1983, An
evoluotion of the hydrogeology ond ground
woler chemistry ossoc,oled wirh londfills 01
llNl's Site 300: lowrence livermore No·
tionolloborotary, livermore, Col,fornio
(UCRl-53416j.
Roymond, LA, 1969, The Slrotigrophy and
strvcturolgeology of the northern tooe Tree
Creek ond southern Trocy quodrongle" Colo·
lornio: M.s. TheSIS, Soo Jose Stote College,
Son Jose, Coliforn,o, 143 p.
Roymond, l.A., 1973, Teslo·Ortrgol,to /oult, Coosr
Ronge thrust foult ond Fronciscon meto·
morph"m, northweslern Dioblo Ronge,
Col,forn,o, GeologiCol SOCIety of Americo
8ulleton 8A, p. 3547·3562.
Srale 01 Cahlorn,o, 1971, Speciol Studies Zones
Act: Coliforn,o Publ,c Resources Code,
Secllon 161 ond follow,ng.
Taffel, M.J., lomorre, A.L, ond Mctlvnde, WA,
1989, llNl Site 300, Env"oomentollnve.t,·
gor,ons Quorterly, Jonuory·Morch 1989:
lowrence lIVermore NOlionollabororory,
llverrnore, Californ,o (UCAR·l0194·1·89!.
1lJ
A Page for Teachers
Source Materials for Earth Science Projects
Each year thousands of students in the Uniled Stotes prepare science projects to be entered in science fairs. Many source books and articles
ore available in libraries to help teachers and students in planning and orranging science fair projects. Some reference materials for preporing
projects are listed in brood categories. A brief annotation is included,
GENERAL SCIENCE
Gutnik, Mortin J., 1980, How to do 0 leience projecl and report Fronklin
Waus Inc., New York, 63 p. An excellenl discul"an of Ihe IcienTific
melhod
Loiry. William, 1983, Winning wilh Icience: loiry Publishers, Sorasolo.
Florida. A gu,de for junior and .enior high Ichool Sludents ,nvolved ,n
science fair competitionl. Liltl programl Igranls, Iripl, and employment)
available in lhe Uniled States and abroad.
Nal,onal Science leochers Associat,on, 1985, Science fairs and proillcts:
Washington, D.C. A collection 01 artides orig,nolly published ,n Science
and Child,en and SCIence Teache.
Saul. Wendy, ond Newman, Alan R., 1986, Sc,ence fore: on illustrated gu,de
and catotog 01 toys, books, and octivities for kids: Harper & Row
Publoshers Inc., New York. Coverage indude, museum programs and Ici-
ence lairs and compelitions. A guide de,igned for leochers and porent,
who adVISe ,tudents.
Science act,vitie,. quarterly pe"odicot, v. 1. June 1969 to datil: Hllld,lIf
Publtcahon" 4000 Albermale Street, NW; Wa,hinglon. D.C. 20016
A ,ource of expe"ments, &xploralion, and prolect. ,n the biological,
phYlical, ond behavioral.c'ence'.
Science lair project index, 1981·1984, 1986, edited by Cynth,o B..hop and
Deborah Crow&: Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New 1e"ey, 686 p. A sub·
IIKI index to books and magoz,nel lor student. and teoche.. covenng
earthquake., volcanoes, erosion,lossil., glocie... rocks, sond, and ,lap&1
lphylicalgeology).
Tocci, Salvatore, 1986, How to do a science 10" prolect: franklin Wanl Inc.
New York. 128 p. hcellent information on chOOSIng a topic, doing
library releorch, wril,ng a science reporl, and presenhng lhe prolect.
GENERAL EARTH SCIENCE
Chollond, Helen, 1982, Act,v,tie. in Ihe earth SC,enCe.: Childrens Press,
Chicogo, Illinois, 93 p. A book 0178 ..mple octivilie. that demon,trote
earth science concepls. Grode. 5 and up.
Cvoncara, Alan M., 1985, A lield manual for the amateur geolog"t, 1001,
and ochiliel lor exploring our planet: Prentice·Holllnc., Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey. 258 p. Teoche. how to observe and .nterpret rocks.
Mops, mu.eum., and geologic feature. 01 not, anal pork, are ,ncluded
High schoollhrough odull readers.
Garon, Marri., 1967, Experimenral earth sciences: Howard W. Sam. &
Company, Indianapolis. Indiana. Sixty .imple experimenl' illu.rrare ba.,c
principles 01 meleorology, oceanography, and geology.
lambert, David, 1981, Act,ve earth: lorhrop lee, and Shepord Books. New
York. homlne. the 10rce.thoT have .haped earth. Include. ochit,e. and
experimen15.
lambert, David, and the D,agram Group, 1988, Field gu,de 10 geology
Focls on File Inc., New York, 256 p. An excellent basic reference ra rhe
lield 01 geology. Comprehensive ,n coverage and h'ghly illu.traled to
help readers quickly grOlp concepts.
Soolin, Harry, and Soohn, Lauro. 1965, Thll young expe"menter'. won:·
book, treOlure. of the earth: W,W, Norton & Compony, New York. 59 p.
More rhan 50 experiments "sing .imple, ,nexpen.ive equ,pmenr are
pre,enled. Grode. 2 thro"gh 6.
Slone, Harris, and Ingmon.on, Dole, 1969, Rock and rills: a look 01 geology
Prenllce·Hall Inc., Englewood Cliff., New Jersey, 70 p. Pre.ents article'
and exerCISe, on varying o.pects of geology: geology and chemlSlry,
melt" abra,ion, permeability, and superimpOltrion, poro.ily, and
hydrol,on.
Taylor, Fronk D., and Artuso, Allred A, 1989, hplor;ng Our env"onmenl,
science tasks: love Publi.hing Compony, Denver, Colorado, Section. on
rocks.•oil., mineral" and falSi Is, as well as on 0", eleclricily, heal, lighl,
so"nd and water,
lyler, Ro,e, and Ames, Gerold, 1970, Secrets ,n .tone: Four Winds Press,
New Yon:. Inlormoloon on the compo,ition of .Iones, C'V"ol., and
h"nl,ng lor fo,,,t•.
'"
CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY
FOSSILS AND DINOSAURS
800th, Jerry, 1988, The big bealt book: dino.ours and how they gollhol
way. Brown Bag ,e"es: Liule, 8rown and & Company, Bo.ton, 117 p.
An inlrod"ction 10 dina lOurs wilh in.truction. for related project•. For
elementary grades
MocFolI, Russell P., and Wollon, Joy C, 1983, 2nd edir,on, Foss,l. for omoleurs:
a guide to collecting and preparing invertebrate lossil.: Von No,trand
Reinhold, New York, 374 p. General diSCUlSion of poleonlolagy, plul
gu,delines for p1onn,"9 fiekllnps; u.;ng topographIC and geological mop.;
and collection, pre poring. deoning, catolog,ng, and di,ploying lo"ils.
Moody. Richard. 1986, Fo"as: how 10 lind and identify over 300 genera.
Macmillan Publi.hing Compo ny, New York. 1986, 192 p. Step·by-.tep
approach to 10",1 colllKl,"g. High schoolleve!.
Rydell. Wendy, 19B4, D,scove"ng fo"ill: Troll Publishers. Mawhon, New Jer-
.ey, 32 p. S"mmanZel how man first come 10 understand the importance
of 10",1. and how scienlists dole lo"il, and identify mOlChing rock layers.
Describes how to lind lo"il" the 1001. lhot will be needed, and how 10
identify fossils thai are found.
ROCKS AND MINERALS
Brown, V,n,on, Dov,d, Allan, and Stork, Jomel, 1987, Rocks and mineral. of
Colilornio. Jrd ed,lion, Nal"regroph P"blt.~ers Inc., Happy Camp, Col,·
fornio Pravide. inlormolmn On rock and mineral collechng. Quadrangle
mops .haw,ng rock and minerollocarions are ,nclvded. High school level.
Fichter, George S., 19B2, Rod. and mineral.: Random Ho"se Inc., New
York.tdent,fie. cOmmOn rocks and minerals. Early elemenlary grade.
Gon., Ramo, 1984, Rod collecling' Thoma, Y. Crowell and Compo ny, NISW
York.lllu.lroted book on rock colle Cling. Eony elementary grade•.
Gilbert, MJriam, 1971, The science·hobby book 01 rock, and minerals: Lerner
Pubhcahons, M,nneopolil, Minnesota, 47 p. Tip. on ,Iorage and record
keep,ng for a collect,on 01 rocks and m,neral•. Grode, 6 I~ro"gh h,gh
school.
Kindle., Coral E., 1986. Dig ii, a dIChonory of fee·bom rock colilScl,ng .ite.
open to omote".., 71~ edil;on, C.E. Kindler Company, Philadelphia, PA.
J8 p. Desc"be...Ie. w"ere colleclors can ~unr lor rock. and minerai.
for a fee, incl"del "'e. in Coliforn,o
McGowen, lorn, 1981, Album 01 rock. and minerals: Rand McNally Corn·
pony, Chicago. Delailed d"cu",on 01 55 m,nerol •. lIIu.traled relerence
sechon. G.ode. 4·7
Podendorl, 11I0, 19B2 Roch and mineral.: Ch,ldrenl Press, Chicago, 1982.
InlroduCl,on 10 Ihe formal,on and ,denr,licot,on 01 a varIety of rock. and
m,nerol•. Early elementary grade•.
lenn,,,en, Anthony, 1971. Colorful m,"eral ,denl,lier: Sterling Publi.h,ng.
New York. A baSIC introduchon to m,nerology. Can be u.ed to qUICkly
ident,ly common m,nerol,. Gradel 10 and up
MISCELLANEOUS
Cooper. Elizabeth K., 1970, Science in your Own backyard: Harcourt, 8roce
& World, Inc. New York, 192 p Incl"des .ecttons on lossils, ,0,1 and
rocks, water, otmo.phere o. well 01 flowers, graSl, and snails.
S.mon, Seymour, 1982, How 10 be a space S"lSnt"t ,n your own home: J,8
L,pp,ncotT Compony, New York. A collect,on 0124 expe"menh ""ng
,nexpen.ive mOleriol•. Grode. 9·12.
S,man, Seymour, 1988, How to be on ocean scienllsl in your own home
J,B. lipp,ncon Compony, New York. InformaT,on on Ilem. ,uch O. how 10
make Ire.h waler Irom <eowoter, lime and tide., making wove. ,n Ihe
balhtub, and mak,ng wove, in on oquari"m.
Updegraff, Imlllda, and Updegraff, Rober!, 1980, Eorthq"okes and volcon·
oel; Penguin 800ks. New York Examine. Ihe cou.e. and effects 01
earthquake, and volconoe,.tncl"de. a leclion of I,mple experiments
and OCh,he•.
Updegraff. Imelda, and Updegraff, Roberr, 1980, R,vers and lake" Pengu,n
Bookl, New York. Sections on I,mple experiments and ocl,v'tie•. Elemen.
tory grades,. Compiled by Mary ff_BdOllr. ~
1990
May
 Significant Earthquakes
1989
A llhough the magnitude 7.1 LOIII;L
Pneta canhqualc that 'lrucl-the
Sama (ru," 1I.lollnlain~ of California on
rhe ~tmnp."llremordnd lhc only
"grc;.l1" c;lfIhquale recorded during
1989 \la, a magnllude It] c:lrthqu:lkc 1111
cal Sur\ey loe:llC' from 10.000 to 12.000
caflhqu:tle~ per )'ear \lhlch h:we magni-
tude, of ah\)ul 1,0 to 8,0 IIr morc. Sevcral
October 17. [989. made cit'l.en, of the \1:1) 23 In the Suuth P:tcific ncar the million earlhquakc~ (x'cur cach )'ear. bUI
L'mlcd SI:lLC\ parliclllarl~ eunhqualc .... n· \lJt:quaric hlal1lh aooul midway betwccn rnll~l arc ~o ~m:l1J or (x'cur in ~och remOle
'line. then: \lcre actuatt~ .. llghtl~ fcllocr Au,trJlia and Ant;lI'\:trc:I A gre:ll earth- :HC:l' Ihal they lire undetccted b) even lhe
'Ignirlcant carlhquakc~ .... orfd\\idc Junng qU;lke l~ one wllh ,I magnitude of B.O or nUN ,cnSlti\e in~trumcn". Data lin cllrth-
1989 than the ;l\cragc of the pa" [\It) l:lrger. Prror to Ihl' Iremor III lhe Suulh quake, prO\ide~ informallOn for U'-C 0)
u,:cadc\ I'acilic, JI month, lall'cd wllhoul a grC:lI carlh <,<:ienli!>l!> III fcdcrill. 'laIc, and local
e;lrlhqual.... gmernl1lcnl~. :lnd prrvale Indu!>lr) 10
1;lfl~.II\C \Ignlficum carthqu:tl;c, "cre ~luJ) eau'-C~, occurrence, and rcduclllln
recorded throughout the \lurid durlllg U!>lll,!t d:lla rmm 'l'I'llmgraph 'tatltm, oflhc hazards of carthqllake~ U.S
1'J1l9 Thl\ number.\ ,jx 1cs, 'him the throughoulthe \lurid. the U,S. Gelliogi- Gf'oloXi,(I! SlIn'f'\ -"nt's Re!etlf('.
\Igmficanl earthquake' fcpuTted in 1981L
Since the J970, \\ hen {'omprchcn'lvc
rcconl-kccpll1g ho:gan. about 60 ...ignific:mt
carthqualc\ h:J\c Ix:currcd "at'h year. 011
Ihe ;l\a:lgc. A \Ig1llfkill11 carlhquillc i\
une Ih1l1 ro:gl\[;,'r, at lca-t 6.5 Rkhll'r
magnnudc or a ..limiter magnlludc lhal
C;Ill'C' ca,u:IIIIC' or clJn~ider.tble d~mage

During 1989 a [(jlal of 526 people \.Ierc

hclie\ed 10 ha\c died \.Iorld\.l Ide from
carlhquale, Thl' number 1\ 'Iglllfleantl)
lo\.ll,'r lhan the :m:r.tge t'igure of IO,{)(X).

Si\ of the world\ ~ignificant carth-

4uale~ during 1989 occurred In Ihe
Cniled Sl,lle, or neilrb) .... :ller' In C:lli-
fornl:l ,lxl)'I\.lO pcoph.' died III lhe Octo·
ber 17 Lorna Pnela earthquale: more
lhan 3.500 v.ere IIlJun:d, :lnd propert)
damage I~ e~lImaled al 55,6 bilhtlO
Other California earthquake, occurred on
Augu'l 8 (magnilude 5.3 ncar LO'> Ga1O')
and Oil J:lIluar) 19 CmagnllUde 5.2 III
Y.C'1 LO!> Angele,). [0 southern Ala,la
a ma!:!nilude 6,9 earthqualc cenlered
on,hore III lhe Pacific Ocean wa' felt by
rc,idcm, of coa'tal area,. bUI cau,cd no
damagc. On October 7. a magnllude 6.7
lremor occurred In lhe Andrcanof 1~land,
III lhe A!cullan l'land~.

The mo,t de,trul'tive eanhquake world·

1\ldc during IWI9 .... a' a magnitude 5.3
tremor Ih:!l ,hllolthe Tajil region of the
SOl leI Union 1)11 J:HlUary 22, lriggering
land, lid...., Ihat buricd ,everal \lillage~ and
lllteJ:1Il e'lIm:lled 27-1 per-on'. The '-CC-
ond I11ml dC;ldly ,el,mic e~ent of 1989
\\ .., II lIlaglllludc 5,7 carthqullle In Iran
on Augu,t I that I' bclie\ed to haw liJled
1l1lea~1 90 people and lllJured 15 \I hen
\ illage, \lere 'lruel b) land,lldc, cau!>Cd Damage 10 bock·faced store In Sonta Cruz from the Of:lober 17, 1989 Lama Prieto quake.
b) the earthqu:lle. Phalo by ~""ard Holden

(AIIFORNI .... GEOLOGY Mey 19'10


KCt)'oh gre PQpo,tlor croft on the nv<l' PhotOI courte')' of Eric Peocn, PARe.
Tllh Ai\lI:IHCAN RIVER N"nh. ,\lId·
dle. & South Furl.' \\I,men ..nd cdllcd b)
Slcph:m,c Manlkl. 01" \\Iullan. Terry
Wrl~llI. Em: Peach. Stan PadillJ. and Illlll'f'
198" I'rule'"l Al1lnlcan R,"cr Can)OIh
II'ARC}. Il(l~ 9.112. Auhurn. CA 9S6O-J.
Sl-l YS. pave.IMc\..
< hloltlg":al dl\'Cr'Il). and !""ul,,!,,)
The Western Stolel lOO·mlle Run;1 rouled olong Ihe MIddle Fori; Amerlcon R,vet" Runnen negotlotethe
Greenwood B"dge ford dUring hIgh woler flow In thOl $Cene
'\6
Book Reviews
Booh '",,,,we<! ,n ,h,s .eellon Ore
P WleC( AmeTlc~n It'\.:r Canyun, I'
pwfll. c<locallunal (lr~~nIlall"n h3>("U In Au-
burn. California, n("ar the c~n)(lnlanu~ (If the
AmerK;,n R,ver II ,"J~ rounded In Ihe 1970-
10 pre'enc tile nalUrdl and (uhurdl hcnla~c
of the Amcm'an R'H" canyon'
Thl' Amerlcan R"cr,~ an ("a"ly ac<:c",'blc
",ldcrnc~\ fUf hiler,. Jtlt:gcr\, hon.cb<l.1.
Tide". mUUnlJln b,ler,. antl "hlle "aler
C.4tlfORNI... GEOLOGY
rw! aVo liable lor purchase from OMG.
a nun r~fl"r,. The ean)unland, arc nch ,n h"I<I')
Jlld '" ddMe
WrlHcn ur I:'HnplkJ.! from many \uuree"
lite "'I:I I'Hl~ uf Ihe buuk de,erlbe Ihe unll.Jue
nJlur.ll re""uree, oflhe rI'...,r"anlllll~ Th"
area I' Ih" 'lie ,)( imernalwnal e'''''Ill' - Ihe
lh" Cup IJur"" Race and Ihe We\l<lrn Siale,
11X1-nllk Run - "'hK"h allra,"1 hundred, "f
,,~fl"'I"~IlI' and lhou'~nd~ of 'pecl~l"r,
The lr:lIh \CCIIl.Hl pro\lde' II1forl11~ll0n abuul
IrJII, and Ihelr <'cell"r)". h"h.ncal \lll.",
A mlk-h)-mlle gUld" Itl lhe rJpld, and
I,
rut:\..) of thl' Ihrl'l' fnr\.., oflh.. r1\l'r pr<l'
\Cnt<ld III the !>C"ond »Cl-llun Thl' 1!eol,,~y "I
,h" ar"a I' l'mpha'l,,,d Thl' N'lflh I·orl. "f
Ih" A mai,'an R""l'r I) dl''>Cnbe<.J a, J "" lid
rl'er "'hid can he run b) rJrl. ,'an"e, or
lapl. 111 '" IIlter lind 'pnn!! "" hen ",alcr f1,,,,,
e~c<led, 900 cubIC f"cl per "'HlIld Ilcauly
and d:lngcr" pnll11I'Cd In Ih" Mlddll' hnl.
The Soulh I'url. "de\.(.'nbcd a, onc uf Ihe
m'''1 pupular rit'c" IIllhe "e,1 fur raftlllg
SlOrle, and ,ong' ff<)111 N:lIIW AmerKall'
:lnJ frum Ih" Ilold ru,h cra Jr" prc'Cnl.. d In
Ihe Ihml 'Cl:llOn The fln:ll '1:'1:1 Inn on r""cr
ec"lollY ,laIc' lhatlhe \Cllelm1tm "Ihe r.:,ult
uf pa'l Jynallll<: chanlle, of ~·lllnalc. 10M'
mphy. geoh'IlY. anJ h'''11C [:lctor" ,oeh a'
'OIl COI111',,)III0I1 DetaIled Informallun"
prOt Ided un Ihe planl and animal life Ihal
ahuund, In Ihl' are:1
l'hOlUl"raph" mal". and ,I.eldle, arC IrIlcr·
,pcr'Cd throughoul Ihe b"ul. Tllc Informa·
lion pmvidcd "" Ithln Ihc t'<)II"nc '" III IIdp :Ill
10 unl.kT\land :lnd appr"e':'lc Ih.. beauly :U1J
re'lIUH'e, ofthc American Itt""r
 A/o.1EIOCAN lOVER RECREATION
AREA (Map No. I,. By Mimi JCnlrd and
DianI' Kra£c, 1911S, Available from Fnend~
of Ihe River. 909 I 2lh SI reel. 11207. Sacra-
mCnlO. CA 95814. (916) 442-3155. 1\·lap
54,00; rn"p and de~eropl"'e leXI un une ,heel.
30 melle, x 21 Inehe,. Map ,calc: I Inch =
I l1ule

T hl~ Inlerprelive Irall anJ £ulde map W Ihe

r,,'cr and eanyons of Ihe American River
Reeremi()n arca depieh rapid,. river mile"
dIrt-road" Iralls. reereallon Mea boundarle,.
['Icnle area, and "anous Olher fealUres fur Ihe
Nurth Furk and Middle ForI. oflhe Ameriean
R,vcr. The area IS m;lIlaged by Ihe California
Departmenl of P-Mk~ and Recrealion.

Indian grinding rac~ hales in bedrock. Native ...

Americans ground acorns, seed., and nul. 10
meal in thell! bedrock morlor>. The preporolion
of lood involved mony hour> of persiSlent grind·
ing_ which woo only one pho.e 01 the process.

• -
•

,
MOine Bar, 1858. Miners loilto e~lroCl gold w,th pock, .hovel, and wheelbarrow alongside the "hurdy-gurdy," 0 plocer mining dev,ce. This placer
mln,ng .,Ie,~ on Ihe Middle Fork Americon R,ve.. . .. more book reviews

CALIFORNIA GEOlOGY M01 1990 117

• More Book Reviews
nIl:. .1I1l9 SAN FRANCISCO l:.ARTlI-
QUAKl:.. PORTRAITS OFTRAGI:Ill' A:\I>
COliRAGl:.. By the ~1:aU of the L,., Anl(f'/n
Timt's (pholo edllor Larr) Arm~tron~. le\l
cull'l( Cr,ll! Turncr). 19119 lol. An~e1(',
Time_. Time> i\lIrror SqUiIIll:. Lo" An~cl(').
CA 90053 96 p. 59 95. p<tpcrb;\d
Th., bool.. one of loC,'cr,,1 fcccnt booh lile
II. 'l'n"C,:., an OUblandmt! Tecon! and ('Onl-
mentar) on the human "de urlhe Lurna
l'ncla earthquake of Octobcr 17. 1111\9 ,n lh...
Santa Crill M.»!ntam,. II con\',,)", the nle,·
,age uf the dt"qrllCll"c fon-e: of the carlh-
"lllalc and the re'lhence of Ihe wrvl\'ors
thruugh Il-l compdJlIlg color phUIOIlr.lI,h,
(VI IIh Cal)!It"" and no''';'') :ll1d U brief 'lO-
ne> The ,1Orle, and pliolO carllon' :ll'pcar
to ht: 1.1ke" from the pagc~ of the I.m
,j".e"It'.i Tillll'S.
rOlhe trJlncd eye. wnw of the pholo-
~raph, al", tell a ,tory aboullhc Iype of
'UltClurl.') and ground condlll0n) lhal cannol
.... Ilh,tand a major C'anhquake and Ihe rcla·
llon)hlp bC'1 ....een failed ~round and falleO;!
bllIldln~' rhotOl!r"ph,. npIlOn). and C'),:a)~.
all b) lhe' .laff of the Los AIl~('f('s T,m('s. IC'II
lhC' \lor) of InC' C'Jrlhqu:akC") df«b
Mo""'9 Induofl'y
TOOt\Y'S TECHNOLOGY fOR THE
\IINING ANI> METALLURGICAL IN·
nUSTRIES. Papers Presented allhe MMIJ
IMM JOlnl SymposIum. 1989 In'WUllon of
\lIning and Metaltu"!y. oW Purlland Place.
LonoJon. WIN 41~R. Englalld 623 p
$13500. wflcO\'Cr
A colletll"n ofsc>'cnly papers pre""nlC'd at
Ii'll' JOlnl Sympo!oium of Ihe M ming and Ma·
lerlal. l'nlCc"mg Inslitule of Japan (MMlJ)
Illld the In.tltulion of ...., Inln~ and ~klallurgy
(IMMJ makc up this volume. 1'1'11' paper,
cO"cr a .... Ide range of actlvilie. _ nllncral
cconomlC) and new Icchnology in eAplora·
IIl>n. rock engmecnng. h)drornC1allurg). and
Ihe rccenl dewlopmenl of ne.... malenal. pro-
tes"ng III Jap;an The IOPIC) alw rcflecllhe
Inlcre~1 IIllhe developmenl of nc ....' field, of
re<carch and productIOn IIllhe mlnlllg and
meullu,,!K::lllndu,lrlCs,
QUANTITATIVE DYNAMIC STRATIG-
RAPHY By T,"lOIhy A Cross. 1990 PrC'n·
lice Ihll. PrC'nlice Hall BUIlding. I:'.ngle ....·oooJ
CMf). NJ 07632. 625 p H:ard cover
Sll1lllgnphy IS Ihe study of layered rods.
IReorporal,ng many IOPICS lradillonally con-
SIdered lhe domaln~ of indiVidual sublh""I'
pllne~ wllhln Ihe earth science,. Quaniliallvc
dynamic ,trar,graphy i, Ihe appllc3l1on of
malhemallcal quamitallve procC'dure. II) Ihe
analy,,) of geodynamic. qrallgraphlc .•edl-
menlol0l:\Ic. and hydrauhc allnbules of ",dl-
118
menlary baSin). ucallng IhC'm as fealurC's
produced by Ihe Inlera<:llOn) of dynamiC
procesSoCS ,
1'1'11) book I' lhe prodUCl ora .... ori,)hopon
quanl1lau,'e d}namK: sll'al1graph) held In
Fcbn.llry 1988 The ...·orbhop .....:as sponsored
by Ihe American AS!iOC'I..I\Oft of Pcuoleum
GcolOl!Isls. Ihe Colorado School of Mines.
lhe Gas Re\OC'.rch Instllule. Ihe NatlOn..1 Sci-
ence Foundallon. the U.S DepUlnlCnlOf
Ene"!y. and Ihe U,S Geological SUH'C'Y·
Papc::rs wllhln lhe volume summarize and
provIde examplC's of Slale-of-lhe-art ap-
proachC's 111 quanhlallvt ~nal)'~ls of scdlmen-
lary bUlI1s. Siraligraphic proce~!>C's of
sedimentary ba~lns al all scales - from gco-
dynamics. to straugraphlc fill and flUid flo......
10 ,edlmenltransporl- arc analyzed In lhls
tCXI Thc quanlilativc approach to under-
standing Ihese procc)Sts IS accomplished
Ihrough computer mooellng which II has Ihe
potential of proVIding even more accurate
assessment, dCSCrlpllon. and predICtiOn of
scdlmenlary basIR paramcters Inlhe future.
Included arC' p:lpeni OR mettlOds of model
eonSlrUCllon~ gC'od) namlc formallon and evo-
IUlion of basll"s; SlratlgraphlC and sedlmenla-
lion models; hydrocarbon maturation and
sedlmenl dIageneSIs modcls~ dynamiC ocC'an
CIrculation and c1lmale modcls~ palcOl!eo-
graphic reconslnK:hons USlnll a mass-balance
approach; rC'solullOll of geoloilK: lime from
lilhooilr:lllllraphy. blOSlrallllraphy. and chem-
ICal Slratl!rlIphy~ dala bases and methods for
e>""lualing basin modcls; and eompull:r pro-
llDms Ihat Slmulale -liedllnl:nl fill and .sedl-
menllr.tl'isporl
aua"er!y Journal
GEMS ANI) GI:MOLOGY. thc qU3ncrl)
Journal of the Gemological In'IIlUl" of
America. 1660 Sle"'art Street. 1'0. I~ox
2110. Sama Mnnll·a. CA 'J0406 U.S:
539.95 per year 14 ;'.ue.); $9J 95. thrcc
year,. EI.e.... here $49.00. onc year; SI24.00.
three years
The Gcmologll'al InQllute of Amenca
(GIA)I' :I nonprofLl educallonal organlzallon
for Ihc JC"'elr) Indu~lr) ThIS }OUrnal SPO"'
wrcd by Ihe In)htule fe.. ture. comprehensl''C'
arllcles on l!em,lone "jcntlfIC31IOR. ne....
gem)IOnes. ne ..... 1n)lrUnlCnt. and IdC'nlifica·
tion Icchnl'llK'). ') nlhellcs and 'Imtllam~.
gem locallllc_. JC.... clr) ans. and ,mporl.. nl
collectIOnS RC~lIlar fUlures Incilldc currenl
ne.....s Ilems. gC'm IradC' lab noles. and ab-
stra<:b orart,cle~ Inlhe fIeld of 8emo~)
The Spring 1989 ISSIIC' (\·olumc 25. no.
eonlalns arhCk'~ :about IhC' Slnkanku Llbrar)
I'
al lhe GIA. Santa MonK:a. Callforma; Ihe
GUJar K Ilh emerald deposll In PaklSlan;
Ber)1 gC'm l'Iodule) from Ihe Ibnanal mine.
BraZIl; and OpalltC' pla)tlc IInl1.Ltlon opal
"L1h Iruc play of col'lf SomC' facts aboUI a
fla" les_ 7.6 ClOr.Ll hcnlloltc \tone. lhc Slate
gem ofCahfornla. arc rewaled In thc l::dllo-
rial Forum Secllon
Full·color pIHJlugraph.:1' .....cll.L. cwellent
articles glvc th" Journlrl a d"hncll>'c quality
CAlIFORNtA GEOLOGY May 1990
lJI:.LT.\ SLllSlDl:.."'CI:: 1"'\ I:.STIGA
1'10.... PrOl\'re" Reptlfl for fl...:al 'ear-
19116-19811 1989 SlaleofCahf"rnl~.
I)ep;irlmenlol \\;ucr RewuRc•. PO IJ,,~
qJ28\6. S:6l;r.. menlO. CA 9JB6.(1(J()1 ~11 P
SJ ~(). f'aper cover \lake dleck\ pa)abk to
IhC' Dcp;irlment uf \\aler Resoun·c.
In Jul) 1911!i Ihe Celll11l1 DI.mcl uflhe State
l>Cparlm"nt of \\'~l~'r RC')</ul\'e) beg.. n a pro·
~.r.Lrn to d"lermmc Ihc cau",. alld r"tl·' uf
.uh'ldence In the SaCr.Ll1lenlO-San J"aqum
della at the ,.. "nflucnce of 11'11." Sacrarnemu and
S~n loJqu11l rI'er .ptern. The dclta 1\ a
CUll1l'lcA net .... lIrk of 1.land. and IntcretlnneCl-
mg .I"u~h. 1'1'11. re~lllll on'uf'lc. murc lhan
7011.()OU acre. and Inc IudI.', 60 Ie"eeo;! "land.
an<l ""cr 7(J(J 11111<" uf ":Iter.... a). '\'11"1 uf the
<leila I. r<·cL.lIm<·d I1IM.hbnd th.Lt I' cnher
ne.Lr .ea I....cl or.L' much a, _'0 fecI helu"
>ca Ie,cl A nel .....,rk of allout I. IOU rnlle.
01 Ie'ee. " nC'ce"ar) ro prol..-cllhe I\land.
and Ira.:r. a~all1'1 Ooodll1f
Sedlmenl def'O'lllon m lhe rel!It," uf 11'11'
dclla hcj;Jn aboul 175 million )Car-. :.go. In
~cncr.L1. <c,Jm,ent accumulauon dunnl! IhC'
pa\1 millIOn )C':.r. oceurrC'd durm~ allcrnate
e)dC'. of deJlO'>UI,," and crO)Ion Delta f'C'''''
be~an 10 (orm aboul 11.000 )C;lr...go durlOl!
a !Iobal n-e In -ea lewl O\'C'r lhc IRleT\..-n·
mg. centur"". IhC're .... 3. an aln""l conl,"II"u,
f..rmatlQn and .ubrncr~ence of peat Submer·
gencC' uf thC' peal prC'\"Cnled natural dc,'om·
f'O'II10n throul;h O~Idallon Tn" lack of
O\Idallon enabled >eg.C'lauOR 10 accumulalc
and form a peallhld.nes) of PC'al
Agneullllr.. 1de'elopmenl )lncC IhC' 1850\
ha" .ub-equcnll) o'ld'r.ed rhe organic '011).
nu"nl! acr"b,c dccompl}'>ll,on. and rc.ullll1g
IR .ubsldence SlOce 1980. 2J delta 1,land,
ha"c f100dcd bccau.c man)' of Ihe prOlecling
levee. failcd due 10 un.table organl<: wlh and
.ub>tdence nf the l~land). Signifrl':lnt .ub'ld·
ence of the "land. cau~e. Increa.cd h)dro-
.ralrC pre"ure on the Ic'ee. and comrlbule.
to le'ec fallurc
The Centrall)"trict bcl:'an thc I)cll.L Sub-
'Idence In\'C.tl~atlon 10 revlc ....· dala. conlact
OIhcr conccrned agencle •. and oulllne a pro·
Ill1lm 10 d"crnllnc \'au-e~ and ralC\ of ,hal·
10'" and deep ,uo--Idcnce TheSe' ,Jala .Ire
Imptlllanl for makmg decI)lon) regardmg
land man:agement mea.ure. 11'1:'1 cOllld ~IO'"
.ul»ldencc
The fUlurc of the Delta depend. he:,vII) on
Ihe e ..lentlo .... hK:h IC\=s arc mamlalned,
and )l.It",del'K'C' "a eonuoJllnll factor ,n IhC'
amount and t) PC' of malnlenance reqUired
linder'landll'il!- thC' prOCC'SloC' of )ul»ltJence
"nll,nl .... hen allempl1n~ 10 maml310 Ihe
IC'\'C'C' )·.tem
The 1986-1988 pha<c of the )ub'lden,C'
lO'e.tlgallon Included lI1)1alla"on of I.... U
eXIcn""UM:ler .lallO.\) Icomp;KlIon 1\'C(Il'dC'r.,.
e.labll.hment of a baloChne Globall.....llIon-
mg S).tem net"orkto determ,ne IJn<l \urface
clC".Ltlon. compllallon and e'.Lluatlon of
l>clla !la. field prodllclLon. and a )une) of
l)ella ground "alcr u•.: Thc.c mca)ure\. a.
pan 01 ~ long-term program ..... 111 provI,Je

STOR'I\\AT£R Dl:.il:.'T10l\ fa'!' [)Q,ln·
I~C. "'aler Qualll). and CSO \Ianafl.'tMnl
Ii) Pl:ll.'r Stahle: and Ben Crona' 1990 Prell-
lice Ihll. l',enllce HJlll~ulldlntt. I.nflt.... ood
Cliff,. NJ 07632 3Jll p. hard c~r
In Ihe la'i 25 )'car, 'Iorm"alcr mana!;cmcn'
till' becumc un I(llpl'rlanl pafl of walel re-
'\lURe, eRlllnC,'rlnl! anJ nlanagclllcnt In the
1'>110.. Ihree conccrn~ emerged - ,Iurm",llcr
quall1~. the development of rnmhcnHlllclil
model, Itl "muble ~lOrm"alcr. and the U'>C
of Uclcnllon 'IOr.I!!C DclcnllOl1 'lor.ljlC plan-
"mil and Ik~ll!n In\olvC') til dl.'tcnllon of
(Iood "iller and 1211hc trealment oflhc qual-
n) \.( '1('1\'",,,,:11«\ When pl"OfK'rl) applied,
,\0.. m",31(r maul!rmcnl can rc-dl,l<;c lilt ad-
'tr~ ImJIXb of :ICl."clcr.llcd )Iorm... atcr lun-
off from lImanllcd l:ands b) sJO'Io Inll lhe
ruooff and b) U'fnO\ ,nl! polhmlnl' from
urban rul'Mlff
Tt\l~ '(lllalll(' prC'Stnb the 1M«) .. nd pr3(-
IKC of U~lnJ! lklcnllon !>lonp- In ~tl... m"llIC'
mlln1l~mcnl It I~ d1\ Mkd Into four ~nlOll~
• I) JlC" of ~tonJ!c fXlln K"i. flcoto K~ulltlOtl.
c"lmlllln~ !>lon~c \olumc'. and )torm""lcr
qUllhl) cnh""Cemenl The bool. "11' .. rmen
for the prat'tKlRj! cnJ!tnter. \lorm"'1I1e, m<ln
agel. or I ) I ll':\lboot< III urban \torm"'"te,
cn~1ncennJ!
.... ....naI VIeW 01 0 pon>on 01 the De/to regtOn.
obout Molen I'bIel well of Siockton. Col.forll>O.-
The o.bo IS formed by the two ITlOfOr '-ton'll 01
tlte Cen/fol ....,. _ the Sacramen.o and the Son
JooqIiIn R''''!!n - OS they merge "to. _ ~
ond Row th.ough Su<sun Boy ond Corqlllnn
Slra,llIllO the Son F.on<.<SCo kry Art,lH;tOll<IvHs
hove be.n bu'" on the naturol chonnel banh ro
ptolectthe r>e:h ogncultv<ollat>d ol.he Oelro ".
lands frOft'l fIood,ng The flood,ng ol.helaw land
eleYoI,onl of Ihe ,slands, os seen," .he lo.e·
g'O\It>d. iU"'lrolet Ihe dependence 01 'he Delro
Islonds on .h.e I...ee syslem ond Ih.e ,,"poetlhO!
tubl<dence WO\lk! hoye on the delICate Iond·
wole. tnlerlo<. PItolO by J C DoIWg U S ~
and , , _ Resources 5e""'Ce
....................................................................................................................
MAIL ORDER FORM
Complete oddrou 1_ on next page
Indicate .......... of copoel
•
8ULlETINS
_ _ 5207 Geology 01 CoLiOlnoa canllMflto! mor,... 1987 S 1500
_ _ 5208Zeoa..s on Colilomoa.. 19881_1 "00
SPECIAL REPORTS
_ _ SR1J2 Mtnerolland clollflic:ohOll portland c _ 1 concr.'e·grade aggregate ,n th.
Yuba Clty·Moryt",ne ptoducl'O<HOIlwmpllOll <eglOn. 1988 (_) 5 8.00
_ _ 5RIJ6 MU'lllhd,ng and mudflows of Wnghtwood, Son 5ernordu.o CO\Inty. 1979 5 100
_ _ 51/155 510bll<zahon ollondll!del eHedlol yo"o..s chemICols on Ihe Ioboratory
sheor strenglh of on ewponllY.~, 19B. 5 J 2S
_ _ 5RI56 M,n.ralland clali,IKOltOn 01 portlond c.menl concr.'e·grode agg.egale
Socrom.nto.Four..ld 1988 (n.w) 51800
_ _ SRI 58 M,n.rallat>d dOIS,lic:ahon oggrego•• ft'I<I"nol"n Itl. Fresno
produc:hon·COllwmphon r"9lOn. 1988 (new) 51000
_ _ SRI59 Mln.ralland CIa."fN:atI01l aggregal. matenok 1ft .... Palm Spnngs
ptoduc:'IOn-COnIUmpllOn 'eg,OIl 1989(_)
_ _ SRI6J s..rfoc. ond groundwat•• ft'l<lnoge ......, 1ft wrioc. mlMd-land.edomahon.
19891_) , 1000
REGIONAl GfOPHYSlCAl MAP SERifS (scale 1250.000)
_ _ Mop No ID ....romognelK map of !he Soc._to quadrangle. 1988 '600
~_ Mop No 10 ~nelK mop of !he Sonta Roso quodrongle 1988 .600
_ _ Mop No .DAerontognelK mop 01 the Weed qo,oodra• . 19B8 '600
CAlIFOlNIA CONTINENTAL MARGIN GEOLOGIC MAP SERifS (scole 1250.000)
_ _ Mop No • Geology of .....th-c.nt.al Colilornoa con""'.nto! mor",n. 19871_1 5 IS.OO
_ _ Mop No 6 Geology 01 north-centro! Co~lomIO (onl1,...,101 morg,n, 19871_1 51500
CAliFORNIA GEOlOGY
_ _ I yeo. (12 "wesl S 1000
~ _ _ 2 yeon(2' nwesl 52000
_ _ Iloc. _ (Spooly yo!ume and ft'I<InthJ Ind...<dual 'lwei 5100 eoch 5 100
TOTAL AMOUNT ENClOSED 'i__
PAYMENT MUST BE INCLUDED W1TH ORDER
' , , , . . ..
, , ,
11.
CALIfORNIA GEOlOGY
-""
 STATE OF CAl.f'(R<AA SIECOND ClASS POSTAGIE PAID
THE RESOJRCES AGENCY AT SACRAMIENTO. CALIFORNIA
QEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY
CALIFORNIA DIVISION OF
MINES AND GEOLOGY
POBOX 29EIO
SACAAMENTO. CALIFORNIA 95812
USPS 3150_
ADDIIUS CORRIECTION RIEQUIESTED

DMG RELEASES
Map No.6. Geology oflkt' Norlh- Callfornia.Qrcgon border and from the
CAliFORNIA CONTINENTAL MARGIN
GEOLOGIC MAPS Centr.al California Contl~ntal MargIn. California. coostll~ west 10 lne edge of
Arc~ 6 (of se'o~n ar~). 4 ~celS folded the: conllnenla.1 margin. The DlViston of
CALIFOR IA CONTINE.'lTAL In ~n\'~Jope SIS 00 MII'IO and GeoIog:y. the CalJfornla
MARGI GEOLOGIC MAP SERIES. Coosl31 CommISSKWl. and the U,S Ge0-
EdUl'<l b) H.G. Greene and M P Ken- The DI\ ISIOO of Mmcs and Geolog) has logical SUf\'q' coopcrntcd 10 lhe: prcpal1ll-
ned)', 1987. PlanmlClric map shcel". released Map No.4 and Map No.6 of the lion of these maps.
~ale 1:250.000. Cahfornlll Contmenlal Margin Gcologlc
f.'lap !>Cries, Map Nos, 1.2. al1d 3 111 thiS The .-.even-part series is a refcrence for
Map No.4, Geology of South CelllrJI ~T1e" ha\'c been released pre\ lou~ly. The e",pIOT:llionis15. planners. and de\'dopcr~
Cahforn13 COni menta] M3rgm, Area. 4 <.erie~ ConSISb of scwn offshore maPli 'II a Intercsted 10 the gcological. geophysical.
(of se'o~n areas) 4 sheeb folded In en\'C- scale of 1250.000. The area CO\'ffCd IS and 'iClsmological aspcc15 of lhe Califor-
lope. SI5.oo. from the Cahfornia-Mc\ICO bonkr to the ma conllnenlal maf];10 Each Ofl~
~~n ma.ps 1lo111 conlaln foor plates
............................................... - . II) gcxIIO@:). (2) carlhquale ~ter!> and
·\DDRESS fOR\l FOR ALL ORDJRS sciccled faull-plane M.llulJon~. 0) gravity
Please pllnl Of 'ype and m3gnetic anomallcs O\"Crprlfltcd on
screcned geologic hackground. alld
PAYMENT Musr BE INCLUDED WlrH ORDER
(4) offshorc oil and ga~ wells. trdelilfle,.
NAME _ and data M.lUrce Data are pnmarily 11l
plal1lmclflc form
ADDRESS _
Bullcl1n 207. Geology of the C01lifornla
CITY _ ContlllCnlal Margm EXPU\NATION 01'
TIlE CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL
STATE ZIP _
MARGIN GEOLOGIC MAP SERIES. by
MM.·hac1 P. Kennedy. H. Gary Gr«nc.
TOTAL AMOUNT ENCLOSED $ _ and Samuel I!. Clarlc a compalllon pub-
IU::lIl1l1l. conlaln- an c",planallon of 10-
CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY SUBSCRIPTIONS tcrprell\~ IIIcthod~. s)'lllbols . .\lrJtlgrJphlc
Unlb. and a blbliograph)
o 1 yr $1000 o 2yr $20.00 (lnchvlduallssoes are $1 00 each)
Sc\~r.all.:lnds of remQte.loCn 109 dcvtccs
o NEW SUBSCRIPTION Allow 60 days 101" delivery of 'lISt rssue Ilocre u.\oCd to 1O\~\tl!!atc and ~ather d:Jta
3houl lhe geology of the Cahfor0l3 Conti-
o RENEWAl' To receive your magazine continuously. send In renewal 60 days belOl"e nental margm for thiS map SCrlCS Thc:!.c
eKPJratlOO date shown on your address label. (Example. EXP9012 means da.la lOc1ude high resolutlOfl reflection
thaI lhe subscnphon eKplres on receipt of December 1990 ISsue) Please
profilc... g:llhered \l,llh echo sounder.
enclose address labellrom pasllssue.
sparker. :Jnd mcchanical pUlslOg S)'.\IClm.
and IOlermcdllltc· to dcep-pcnetrJtioo
_apUl_
CAlIfORNIA GEOlOGY _ only 10' .......,.....1l0Qn """'1'0'" _flQ ..... ()t alla<;tla
profile... g3lhered wl1h sparler. lIlr gun.
and ll.:Jlcr gun s)'!>tcm~.
L~'D~.~'~;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;. _ _.;EX~P:::IR~.~D~A:.:T.;E~--_ _ ACCl ':;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;_
oGIFT: (Gift card 'rom _
The 1113p§ 10 the serlCS nl<l) be pur-
chased for SI500 each at lhe D1VI~)Ofl
of Mutes and Geology PubhcallOO and
o ADDRESS CHANGE: send us an old address label and your new address. Information omce If\ S3CramenlO or
Allow 60 days for address change. ordcred by mall ('ICC Mail Order Form).
Bullelln 207 is avail:Jble for purch3sc for
You, o,der subSCriptIon cannot be p,ocessed unles. correct .mounl IS remilled All Foreign and $15.00. Thc map "heelS and Bullellll 207
Canadlln Ofdefs muSI M paid With an International Money Ofda, Of [)fart payabla 10 UfIIled SUl'es a.re 1\':lIll1blc for reference at thc Divisioo
funds Addreu al OIderS 10 DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOlOGY, P 0 Bo~ 2980, SacrarnenlO.
Call1Of",, 95812·2980
of M Illes and Geology offiCe!> 10 Sacn-
mento. Plc:ilS01nllhll. and Los Angelcs. ~

12' CAUfORNIA G£OlQGY

_.... • 1'J811