Telekomunikacione

tehnologije
2
3
 Definicije

• Telekomunikacije
– komunikacija na daljinu
– prenos poruka posredstvom određenih tehničkih
sistema
• Telekomunikaciona služba
– organizovan sistem za pružanje usluga korisnicima
• Telekomunikaciona mreža
– tehničko sredstvo kojim se realizuje sistem pružanja
usluga korisnicima, t.j. telekomunikaciona služba
4
 Primeri
• Telekomunikaciona • Telekomunikacina
služba mreža
– telegrafija – telegrafska mreža
– telefonija – telefonska mreža
– televizija – televizijska mreža
– radio difuzija – radio mreža
– prenos podataka – mreža za prenos
– ... podataka
– ...

5
• Bearer - provides a "transport system" for
exchanging information.
• Teleservice - "complete" in the sense that it
includes functions for connection, and a uniform
"language" for communication.
6
 STANDARDI
Since March 1993, the ITU is divided into three sectors
Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R)
Development Sector (ITU-D)

7
Developments in switching

8
switching

9
Mreže na bazi komutacije kola

10
Mreže na bazi komutacije kola

11
Mreže na bazi skladištenja i
prosleđivanja

12
Mreže na bazi skladištenja i
prosleđivanja

13
Komutacija paketa metodom
datagrama

14
Komutacija paketa metodom
virtuelnog kola

15
Komutacija paketa metodom
virtuelnog kola

16
Komutacija paketa metodom
virtuelnog kola

17
Connections to the local exchange

18
Packet-node structure

19
Different connections in dedicated
networks

20
Integrated subscriber line and node

21
Full integration in B-ISDN

22
23
 TROSLOJNA ARHITEKTURA
MREŽE
• okosnica (backbone) mreže
• ivični deo mreže (edge - deo mreže koji
povezuje okosnicu sa pristupnim delom
mreže)
• pristupni deo mreže (access)

• INTEGRACIJA I SIGNALIZACIJA

24
Transport of information

25
 Basic concepts
• bandwidth (analog and digital);
• transmission media;
• carriers;
• modulation and baseband transmission;
• two-wire, four-wire, and hybrids;
• simplex - duplex; asymmetrical transmission;
• amplification - regeneration;
• line coding; and
• multiplexing.

26
• The usable frequency range of a connection is called
bandwidth.
• The three most important transmission media:
– copper, which is used in two main types of cable: paired cable
and coaxial cable;
– glass fibre, which is used in optical fibre cable; and
– radio waves, which are used in terrestrial point-to-point systems
or area coverage systems (such as mobile telephony), and for
point-to-point or area coverage communication via satellite.
• Carriers - carry waves of some kind: light waves or
electromagnetic waves.
• Modulation - By allowing the transferred information to
manipulate the carrier in some way the information can
be perceived by a receiving exchange or terminal.
Baseband transmission – transfer information without
carrier.

27
28
• Two-wire, four-wire, and hybrids

• Simplex - duplex; asymmetrical transmission

• Amplification - regeneration

• Line coding
• Multiplexing (FDM, TDM, WDM)

29
Transmission methods - an overview

30
Trunk and access circuits

31
• Signalling
in circuit-switched networks

• Signalling in packet-switched networks

• Signalling
in cell-switched networks

32
Operation and maintenance

33
34
telecommunications management network (TMN)
simple network management protocol (SNMP)

35