Use of Ultra-High Performance Concrete in

G
Geotechnical
h i l andd SSubstructure
b A
Applications
li i

PI: Muhannad Suleiman

Co-PI: Sri Sritharan
Graduate Research Assistant: Thomas L.
L Vande Voort

January 13, 2009

IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

 Research Funding
† Seed funding received from IHRB for a high-
risk, high-reward project that can lead to
substantive advancements in highway
transportation

2
 Objectives

† Demonstrate the potential use of UHPC in

geotechnical applications
† Evaluate the behavior of UHPC piles using
large-scale tests and analytical procedures
 Motivation
†Grand
G d Ch
Challenges
ll iissued
dbby AASHTO 2005:
2005
„ Extending service life of bridges to 75 years with minimal
maintenance
„ Optimizing structural systems using new materials

† Piles made of conventional materials have suffered

damage
 Why UHPC?
Property UHPC HPC Normal Concrete
Compressive Strength 26-30 ksi 12-18 ksi 4-8 ksi
Tensile Strength 1.7 ksi 0.8-0.9 ksi 0.3-0.7 ksi
Elastic Modulus 8000 ksi 4800-6400 ksi 3600-5100 ksi
Durability Up to 400x lower Up to 700x lower
1
elative to

0.8
ncrete

ncrete

ncrete

ncrete

ncrete

ncrete
HPC
06
0.6
Normal Con

Normal Con

Normal Con

Normal Con

Normal Con

Normal Con
Parameter Re

HPC

UHPC
0.4

HPC
HPC
HPC

HPC

UHPC
UHPC

UHPC
0.2
UH

0
Chloride Ion Oxygen Permeabilty Water Absorption Carbonation Depth (3 Reinforcement
Penetration Depth years) Corrosion Rate
 T k
Tasks
‰ Conduct a literature review on the use of UHPC in super
super- and any
sub-structural systems related to transportation structures in the
United States and abroad
‰ Design of UHPC pile section
‰ Conduct comparative driveability study for UHPC and other piles
‰ Conduct laboratory tests on UHPC pile elements
‰ Conduct dynamic tests (PDA/CAPWAP) on UHPC and steel piles
‰ Perform large-scale
large scale vertical and lateral load tests on UHPC piles
 Pile Section Shapes Considered

Simple H-Shape X-Shape Tapered H-Shape

 Final Section Properties

Parameter Steel HP 10 x 57 UHPC Tapered H-Shape

Area 16.8 in2 56.8 in2
Weight/ft 57.2 lb 61.1 lb
Moment of Inertia 294 in4 795 in4
Stiffness Term (E·I) 8.53×106 kip·in2 6.36×106 kip·in2
Construction
b
 Laboratory Testing
Cells

Top Tilt
Gauge

Curvature φ (mm-1)
Curvature,
0.00000 0.00002 0.00004 0.00006 0.00008 0.00010
1000

900 100
String
800
Deflection
kip)

Calculated Response
g
Gauges 700 80
Moment, M (in·k

Moment, M (kN·m)
Lab Test Measured Data
DCDTs 600
60
500

400
40
300

200
20

100

0 0
0.0000 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0025 0.0030
Curvature, φ (in-1)
Field Investigation: US63 Oskaloosa, IA
 Site Soil Profile
SPT Blow Count (blows/ft) Tip Resistance, qc (ton/ft2) Friction, fs (ton/ft2) Friction Ratio, Fr (%) Soil Classification Undrained Shear Strength, su (psi)
0 50 100 0 500 1000 0 2 4 6 8 0% 5% 10% 15% 0 20 40 60 80 100
0 0 0 0
Friction Angle, φ
Clay
20 30 40 50 60
5 5
Sensitive
Fine 2
Grained

10 10

Clay
4
15 15

Depth (m)
Depth (ft)

Sand

20 Sandy Silt 20 6
to Clayey
Silt

25 25
Sand to 8
Silty Sand

30 30
Sandy Silt to
Cl
Clayey Silt Very
Stif f 10
Fine
35 Clay 35
Grained
36
0 50000 0 200 400 600 Gravelly Sand 0 200 400 600
Tip Resistance, qc (kPa) Friction, fs (kPa) to Sand Undrained Shear Strength, su (kPa)
 Field Testing Plan

Reaction Pile Reaction Pile

Reaction Beam

6.5 ft 5.0 ft 6.5 ft

Unit UHPC 1 Steel Pile
4.0 ft
Reaction Pile Reaction Pile

Unit UHPC 2
Driving of UHPC and Steel Piles

Hammer

Leads
Pile

PDA Accelerometer

PDA Strain Gauge

 Driving Logs
C
Cum Bl
Blows

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

0 0
1 Blows/0.3m of Steel HP 10x57
Blows/0.3 m of UHPC 1 5
2 Cum blows for steel HP 10x57
3 Cum blows for UHPC 1 10
h (m)

netration Depth (ft)

4
Penetration Depth

15
5
6 20
7

Pen
25
8
9 30
10
35
11
0 5 10 15 20 25

Blows/ ft
Driving
Vertical Load Tests
 Load-Displacement Relationship
Load (kN) Load (kN)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 0.0 0 0.0
Da
01
0.1 vis 01
0.1
so
4 4 n Pil
0.2 e Ca 0.2

ment (mm)
ment (mm)

ement (in.)

Displacement (in.)
Extrapolation pa
Dav cit
0.3 isso y =1 0.3
8 8 nF 98
Da ai l u
vi sso re C Kip

Displacem
Displacem

n 04
0.4 riter s 04
0.4

Displace
F ai i on
l ur e
12 Cri 12
te r i on 0.5 0.5

0.6 0.6
16 16
07
0.7 07
0.7
Davisson Pile Capacity = 369 Kips
20 20
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Load (Kips) Load (Kips)

UHPC Steel Pile

 Load Transfer
Vertical Load (kN)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 Load (kN)

-1
183.7
0 0
207.8
1 234.4
5 261.7
2 292.0
313.7
3 10 345.2
Depth (m)

Depth (ft)
369.5
4 Ground Surface 396.6
15 425.7
5
451.3
6 477.3
20
502.7
7 529.2
25 554.8
8 616.6
700.3
9 30 790.0
876.7
10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Vertical Load (Kips)

Lateral Load Test
 UHPC Pile Lateral Load-Displacement
Lateral Displacement (in
(in.))

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
110
24
100 22
90 20
80 18

Kips)
Lateral Load ((kN)

70 16 Shear cracks Bundle of wires

ateral Load (K
14
60 (a)
12
50
10
40

La
L

8
30
6
20 4
UHPC 1 Bundle of wires
10 UHPC 2 2
0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 (b)

Lateral Displacement (mm)

UHPC Pile Lateral Load-Displacement
St i ((με))
Strain

0 200 400 600 800 1000

-1
Ground Surface
0 0
1 4
2
8
3
epth (m)

Depth (ft)
15.9 kN 12
4
27.9 kN 16
5
De

40 7 kN
40.7
6 55.9 kN 20
7 68.8 kN
24
8 77.8 kN
92.7 kN 28
9
101.2 kN
10 32
Questions