GREEN MANAGEMENT

“A form of management in which managers consider the impact of their

organization on the natural environment”.

It can also be described as “The recognition of the close link between an

organization’s decision and activities and its impact on the natural
environment.”

DESCRIPTION:
Until late 1960’s,few people(and organization)paid attention to the environmental
consequences of their decisions and actions.However,a number of environmental disasters
brought a new spirit of environmentalism to individuals ,groups and
organizations.Increasing managers have begun to consider the impact of their organization
on the natural environment,which we call as green management.

HOW ORGANIZATIONS GO GREEN(GREEN APPROACHES):

• Legal (or Light Green) Approach

 Firms simply do what is legally required by obeying laws, rules, and

regulations willingly and without legal challenge.

• Market Approach

 Firms respond to the preferences of their customers for environmentally

friendly products.

• Stakeholder Approach

 Firms work to meet the environmental demands of multiple stakeholders—

employees, suppliers, and the community.

• Activist Approach

 Firms look for ways to respect and preserve environment and be actively
socially responsible.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION:
To analyse the GREEN approaches in chronological order by NTPC(National Thermal Power
Corporation)

ABOUT NTPC:
NTPC, India's largest power company, was set up in 1975 to accelerate power development in India. It is emerging as

An ‘Integrated Power Major’, with a significant presence in the entire

value chain of power generation business.
NTPC ranked 317th in the ‘2009, Forbes Global 2000’ ranking of the
World’s biggest companies. With a current generating capacity of 34,194
MW, NTPC has embarked on plans to become a 75,000.

GREEN APPROACHES(SINCE 1980):

 Afforestation (1980)

Maintenance of ecological balance and a perfect environment has been of

utmost importance at NTPC. Environment planning and preservation is an
integral part of its project activities. NTPC undertakes afforestation
programmes covering vast tracts of land in and around its projects in a
concerted bid to counter the growing ecological threat.

The crucial need for conservation and restoration of the degraded

ecosystem and preservation of genetic resources of the country led to the
enactment of the ‘Wild Life Protection Act’ (1974) and ‘Forest Act’ (1980) in
addition to legal acts of air, water and environment.

NTPC's Approach
It has been possible to achieve a satisfactory
combination of environmental quality and techno-
economics through determined efforts at NTPC.
Continuous vigilance is maintained to minimise
pollution. This is over and above the other
environment management programmes that start
simultaneously with start of construction activities.

The appropriate afforestation programme for plant,

township, green-belt and other sites are designed
according to the geographical features. Species are
selected on the basis of their adaptability and
grouped with local representatives. The growth
characteristics, flowering pattern and canopy
(spreading nature) are evaluated in their distribution
over these sites of afforestation. These
considerations not only contribute to the aesthetics
but also go a long way in serving as ‘Sinks’ for the
pollutant emission of the power plant. At times, they
even combat pollution from other industries in the
surrounding area.

NTPC has developed independent Horticulture

Department at its projects headed by experienced
horticulture officers / supervisors.
Saving existing trees, planting right at the beginning
of construction phase, preservation of trees and
advice from State Forest Departments and
agricultural universities are a few general guidelines
followed by NTPC.

Forest Bank
An innovative proposal to create ‘Forest Banks’ in each state was initiated,
wherein the Forest Department of all States / Union Territories should identify
land to start plantations under various programmes of the state. Such areas
would facilitate any power project of either the state or centre to draw necessary
compensatory ‘Afforestation Area’ against the existing balance in the Forest
Bank.

 Ash Utilisation (1991)

Gainful and sustainable ash utilization is one of the key concerns at NTPC.
Ash Utilization Division, set up in 1991, strives to derive maximum usage
from the vast quantities of ash produced at its coal based stations. The Division
proactively formulates policies, plans and programmes for ash utilization. It
further monitors the progress in these activities and works for developing new
segments of ash utilization. At each station, its own Ash Utilization cell handles
ash utilization activities and makes efforts for gainful and sustainable ash
utilization.
The quality of fly ash produced at NTPC’s stations is extremely good with respect
to fineness, low unburnt carbon and has high pozzolanic activity and conforms to
the requirements of IS 3812 – 2003-Pulverized Fuel Ash for use as Pozzolana in
Cement, Cement Mortar and Concrete. The fly ash generated at NTPC stations is
ideal for use in manufacture of Cement, Concrete, Concrete products, Cellular
concrete products, Bricks/blocks/ tiles etc. To facilitate availability of dry ash to
end – users, fly ash evacuation and storage system have been set up at coal
based stations. Further, at NTPC-Rihand facility for loading fly ash into rail
wagons has been provided so that fly ash can be transported in bulk quantity
through railway network. Such facility is also being provided at all new up
coming thermal power stations.
As the emphasis on gainful utilization has increased, the usage over the years
has also increased. Over the years, the Ash Utilization level from meagre 0.3
million tons in 1991 – 1992 has reached to robust 27.61 million tonne in 2009-
10.
The various segments of ash utilization currently include Cement, Asbestos –
Cement products & Concrete manufacturing industries, Land development, Road
embankments construction, Ash Dyke Raising, Building Products such as Bricks/
blocks/tiles, Reclamation of coal mine and as a soil amender and source of micro
–nutrients in agriculture.

Use of ash in agriculture, as a soil modifier and source of micronutrient has been
successfully demonstrated in the farmers’ fields at many of NTPC stations. For
this “Show case projects”in association with Agriculture Research Institutes have
been carried out in the farmers’ fields. Various crops of different seasons have
been grown and harvested and increase in crops yield is given below:
1
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To demonstrate use of ash in construction of railway embankment research

study was carried out in association with Central Road Research Institute
(CRRI), New Delhi. The design of railway embankment developed by CRRI was
validated by conducting Centrifuge model tests at IIT, Bombay. Construction of
railway embankment of NTPC’s Merry Go-Round (MGR) track for coal
transportation is planned at Kahalgaon and Talcher –Kaniha.
Use of fly ash in the manufacture of pre-stressed railway concrete sleeper
demonstrated in association with IIT Kanpur. Research Studies also have been
taken up to explore use of ash in HDPE and Polypropylene products.
From time to time, NTPC Ash Utilization Division is bringing out literature on use
of ash in various applications in the form of books & promotional brochures and
documentary films to create awareness among the prospective users &
entrepreneurs for use of ash.

Advertisements:
For awareness of the public, creation advertisements in National dailies are
released from time to time on various application of fly ash such as:
Year 2008-09

 Use of Fly ash for various applications

 Use of Fly ash in road embankment construction
 Use of Fly ash in manufacture of building products
Year 2009-10

 Use of Ash in mine filling

 Use of Ash in Agriculture.
 Fly ash –A Versatile & Environment Friendly Material for various usages

 CenPEEP - Centre for Power Efficiency &

Environmental Protection(1994)

Towards the reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission from Indian

thermal power plants, NTPC has been promoting and deploying efficient
power generation technologies and practices from design stage to
operation stage and building local institutional capacities for continuously
striving for eco-friendly technologies.
NTPC established Centre for Power Efficiency & Environmental Protection
(CenPEEP) in collaboration with USAID with a mandate to reduce GHG
emissions per unit of electricity generated by improving the overall
performance of coal-fired power plants. The centre functions as a
resource centre for acquisition, demonstration and dissemination of state-
of-the-art technologies and practices for performance improvement of
coal fired power plants for the entire power sector of India.
Win-win Approach for Global Climate Change
NTPC has adopted a win-win strategy at CenPEEP by achieving synergy
between environmental concerns and utility needs. We have initiated the
Comprehensive Performance Optimisation Programme thereby
successfully balancing the dual objectives of reducing carbon-di-oxide
emissions that contribute to climate change and facilitating higher
efficiency of power generation.

Under NTPC’s effort for betterment of Indian Power Sector, CenPEEP is

also assisting various state electricity utilities in India by demonstration
and dissemination of improved technologies and practices. To increase
outreach to SEBs, 2 regional centres of CenPEEP have also been
established in the Northern Region (Lucknow) and Eastern Region
(Patna).This approach has brought significant benefits to the power plants
and helped in the reduction of emissions.

Technological Interventions
For greater acceptability and assimilation of eco-friendly technologies and
practices, methodology of ‘Technology Acquisition, Demonstration and
Dissemination’ has been adopted. Our focus has been on low cost high
benefit options. We also involve people from local power stations during
demonstration and widespread dissemination.

Methodology & Reach

 Boiler Performance
Optimisation
 Best practices for air-
preheater, etc. condenser
water pressure cleaner
 Condenser helium leak
detection
 Steam turbine performance
assessment & optimisation
 Real time measurements &
balancing of air-fuel ratio
 Cooling tower, condenser
performance optimisation
Predictive maintenance system and
technologies for diagnostics
Reliability Centred
Maintenance(RCM)
Thermodynamic modeling: A tool for
performance analysis
Thermal audit for:- accurate
assessment of degradations
Risk Evaluation & Prioritisation
(REAP)
New overhaul practices
Online CW flow measurement

Partners
Inaugurated by US Energy Secretary in 1994, CenPEEP has grown into a
pioneer National Resources Centre for introduction of several cost-
effective technologies for performance optimisation of power plants and
environmental protection in Indian Thermal Power Sector. CenPEEP
receives technical support for capacity building from US Agency for
International Development (USAID) through U.S. Department of Energy’s
(USDOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Electric Power
Research Institute (EPRI), Structural Integrity Associates (SI), General
Physics, utilities such as Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Reliant
Energy, Mirant Corporation and US utility organisations such as EPRI, US
Energy Association (USEA), etc. CenPEEP has a unique management
structure consisting of advisory board and executive committee. With this
structure, it is ensured that initiatives are relevant to meet sectoral
needs.
In association with JICA and consortium of Japanese utilities, a joint
project was also taken up by CenPEEP for efficiency improvement where
technologies such as pump efficiency assessment using Yates meter, leak
buster test for air-in-leak quantification, simplified efficiency evaluations,
evaluation of SUS scale, boiler simulation, have been demonstrated.

Impact
CenPEEP has demonstrated performance assessment techniques at
several NTPC and 14 State Utilities stations. The tests have demonstrated
heat rate improvement potential even in the best run power stations.
Many demonstrated techniques and practices have been adopted by the
stations. In NTPC alone, over 29 million tones of cumulative CO2 has
been avoided since inception of CenPEEP activities. Some of the state
utilities have acknowledged CenPEEP’s support in reducing their emissions
by over 5.8 million tones in a year. Some utilities have acknowledged
CenPEEP contribution to their efficiency improvement in submissions
before regulators. In effect, it is the largest GHG emission reduction effort
in power utilities in India. CenPEP has developed ‘Heat Rate Improvement
Guidelines’ jointly with TVA and circulated it to all the coal fired power
stations in India. It regularly publishes ‘Performance Optimiser’, a brief on
optimisation experiences.
The centre also organises workshops / training programmes to train
power sector professionals.

ACTIVIST APPROACH(DARK GREEN)

Participant in Asia Pacific Partnership(APP) on Clean Development
and Climate
The Ministry of Power (Government of India) and Central Electricity
Authority (CEA) have recognised NTPC/CenPEEP as an important agency
involved in GHG reduction efforts and the success achieved in this area
and have entrusted CenPEEP with technology demonstration activites in
Indian Utilities under APP multilateral program. Through demonstration of
performance assessment technologies in 3 state utilities, substantial CO 2
savings have accrued at 3 Stations of state utilities and a annual potential
of over 300,000 tonnes of CO2 reduction has been identified.

Environment Policy and Environment Management System:

Driven by its commitment for sustainable growth of power, NTPC has evolved a powerful
environment management policy, and sound management practices for minimizing environmental
impact arising out of setup for power plants and preserving the natural ecology.

National Environment Policy:

At the national level, the Ministry of Environment and Forests had prepared a draft environment
policy (NEP) and the Ministry of Power along with NTPC had actively participated in the deliberations
of the draft NEP. The NEP 2006 has since been approved by the Union Cabinet in May, 2006.

NTPC Environment Policy:

As early as in November 1995, NTPC brought out a comprehensive document entitled “ NTPC
Environment Policy and Environment Management System” Amongst the guiding principles adopted
in the document are company’s proactive approach to the environment , optimum utilization of
equipment, adoption of latest technologies and continual environment improvement. The policy
also envisages effective utilization of resources, thereby minimizing waste, maximizing ash utilization
and providing green belt all around the plant for maintaining ecological balance.

Environment Management, Occupational Health and Safety Systems:

NTPC has actively gone for adoption of best international practices on environment, occupational
health and safety areas. The organization has pursued the Environmental Management System
(EMS) ISO 14001 and the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment System OHSAS 18001 by
reputed national and international Certifying Agencies.

Pollution Control Systems:

While deciding the appropriate technology for its projects, NTPC integrates many environmental
provisions into the plant design. In order to ensure that NTPC comply with all stipulated
environment norms, various state-of-the-art pollution control systems/devices as discussed below
have been installed to control air and water pollution.

1. Electrostatic Precipitators:
The ash left behind after combustion of coal is arrested with high efficiency
Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) and particulate emission is controlled well within
the stipulated norms. The ash collected in the ESPs is disposed to ash ponds in slurry
form.

2. Flue Gas Stacks:

Tall Flue Gas Stacks have been provided for wide dispersion of gaseous emissions
(SOx, NOx, etc ) into the atmosphere.

3. Low Nox Burners:

In gas based NTPC power stations, NOx emissions are controlled by provision of low
NOx burners (dry or wet type) and in coal based stations, by adopting best
combustion practices.

4. Neutralization Pits:
Neutralization pits have been provided in the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) for pH
neutralization of the effluents before discharge into Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
for further treatment and use.

Concerns relating to pollution and the disposal of the large amount of ash from coal based power stations, which are the
mainstay of India�s power generation, are being addressed through strategies to promote environmentally sustainable
power development.

NTPC Environment Management

Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) for Afforestation

Fly Ash Utilisation Action Plan

Initiatives for improving the environmental performance of coal based stations

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

ISO 14001
 

Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) for Afforestation

A Special Purpose Vehicle is being set up jointly by NTPC and other Central Power Sector Undertakings as a Registered
Society to take up afforestation and environmental measures in order to reduce the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The
objectives of the Society shall be to:

 Undertake fruitful channelising of investments by members to increase the national forest cover.

 Identify suitable lands for afforestation for power projects of NTPC and other members through Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MOEF) which will coordinate with the State Forest Departments/District Rural
Development Authority etc.

 Facilitate quick procurement of forest clearance for the forestland proposed to be acquired by NTPC and other
members for the future projects to be set up.

 Interact with MOEF to score off the necessary compensatory afforestation required for projects of NTPC and other
members, which needs diversion of forestland.

It is noteworthy that NTPC has already planted over 1.45 crore trees, which is one of the biggest afforestation efforts in
the country. In fact the ambient temperature around the Ramagundam Station of NTPC has come down by 30 Celsius due
to the afforestation done by NTPC as revealed in a study by the National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad.

Fly Ash Utilisation Action Plan

All the coal based power stations put together generate around 90 million tonnes of fly-ash per annum. The Fly Ash
Mission of TIFAC has made several useful recommendations for utilisation of fly-ash in the manufacture of cement,
bricks, pavement materials, floor tiles, wall panels etc., and in agriculture, road construction, land-filling and back-filling
of mines.

Armed with the findings of the national laboratories that flyash is superior in strength and durability as compared to
conventional products, the Ministry of Power is taking steps to make the use of flyash products mandatory in road and
bridge construction, and construction of Government buildings as is being done in the developed countries and to provide
fiscal incentives initially to supplement the market mechanism for taking up production and promotion of fly ash products.

Initiatives for improving the environmental performance of coal based stations

i. NTPC has achieved ISO-14001 standards for 11 plants owned by it and 2 more, being managed by it. The Company is
in the process of achieving the same in case of its balance power plants.

ii. Improvement of Heat-rate is a continuous exercise in NTPC, which has yielded significant benefits. NTPC officials
have been asked to submit a detailed action plan for the next five years for heat rate improvement not only in NTPC
but also in power stations of State Electricity Boards.

iii. Sipat Super Thermal Power of NTPC will adopt Super Critical Technology for the first time in India. Thereafter,
NTPC has planned to adopt super critical boiler technology for North-Karanpura, Barh, Kahalgaon-II projects.

iv. With regard to setting up a commercial scale demonstration plant based on IGCC technology, NTPC has sent coal
samples to the Department of Energy in USA to find out feasibility of IGCC with Indian coal. Thereafter, a team of
officials from NTPC will visit the concerned laboratory as well as IGCC plant under operation in USA.

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

To address increasing concerns related to the environment and to improve environmental performance, the services of
Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI) have been engaged for providing consultancy services to the Ministry of Power on
 CDM. The terms of reference include project formulation, base line surveys for each project, negotiations with the CDM
parties, identification of the counterpart CDM parties from the developed countries, cost of CO2 monitoring and
verification of CO2 emission reduction and supervision of project implementation.

ISO 14001

Established in November 1975 for nation's Sustainable Power Development, National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd.
(NTPC) is today India's largest power utility with an installed capacity of 21,749 MW (19% of India's installed capacity)
contributing to 26% of total generation in the country, with high availability factor of its power plants. NTPC has plans to
double its capacity. NTPC has recently diversified into the hydro sector and formed for joint venture companies for
distribution, R&M, etc. Environment Management is a high priority area in the company and several Policies have been
formulated to ensure generation of green power. Through persuasion of sound environmental management systems and
practices , NTPC's 18 stations have been accredited with ISO:14001 certification. As a responsible corporate citizen,
NTPC is a member of Global Compact a UN initiative for Corporate social responsibility.

The focus and emphasis in future in the company will be on generation of power in line with global standards and in
complete harmony with the environment and nature.

DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES
NTPC to fund climate research

13 May, 2008, 0121 hrs IST, TNN

NEW DELHI: Flagship generation utility NTPC will plough 0.5% of its distributable profit - roughly Rs
30 crore - every year to fund in-house or institutional research programmes for developing 'clean coal
technologies', even as the company has identified three merchant bankers for acquisition of coal
acreage in Indonesia. 

Minister of State for power minister Jairam Ramesh said NTPC will set up a dedicated group at its
technology centre in Noida for spearheading the research work. "NTPC is burning 125 million tonnes
of coal a year now. This will double in the next five years or so. Since we don't have gas, most of the
new capacities will be coal-fired. There's just no alternative to developing clean coal technologies," he
said. 

TOI had first reported NTPC's green move on Monday. Ramesh said such initiatives "have major
implications for India's energy strategy that has to reckon seriously with international concerns on
global warming arising out of expanding coal use". R K Pachauri, India's Green Guru and the author
of the initiative, said research could include development of coal gasification technology for
commercial use, reducing cost of harnessing solar energy, LED lighting and methods to improve
efficiency of power stations. 

Western environmentalists have identified old plants of generation utilities burning coal in surging
economies such as India and China as major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions and blamed
them for rapid deterioration in air quality. Coal-fired units account for nearly 65% of India's generation
capacity, forcing utilites struggling to keep pollution under check from domestic coal with 35-40% ash
content. The initiative will help develop cheap technology. 
NTPC chairman R S Sharma said the company was committed to controlling carbon dioxide
emissions per unit of power generation, infuse state-of-the-art technology with thrust on renewable
sources, develop one million square feet of 'green building space' within NTPC premises by 2017 and
spearhead environment awareness campaigns. 

The company is undertaking massive afforestation around its projects and till date has planted more
than 18.37 million trees. As a result of pursuing sound environment management systems and
practices, all NTPC stations have been certified with ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 by reputed
national and international certifying agencies. 

Sharma said with its priority of generating clean power, the long-term focus areas of NTPC shall cover
re-powering and replacement of old units, introduction of ultra super critical technology, modifying the
fuel portfolio with higher share of renewable, clean coal technologies. 

On acquisition of coal acreage, Sharma said three merchant bankers have been appointed but
declined to identify them. 

NTPC is planning to acquire majority stake in coal blocks in Indonesia, Mozambique and South Africa
to make up shortfall from domestic sources. It is looking at coal mines abroad that can give up to 20
million tonnes of coal per annum.

Containing emissions

Power generation is the other area where utilities plan to use technology to build less polluting
plants. State-owned Bhel and NTPC Ltd. Plan to jointly develop integrated gasification combined
cycle (IGCC) plants to convert coal into cleaner fuel that is then burnt to generate electricity.
NTPC, India’s largest generation utility, also plans to work with the Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, to use bacteria for
clean-coal technology and carbon capture and absorption. It also plans to reduce carbon dioxide
emissions from its coal based plants with India’s first photo bioreactor at its Dadri unit in Uttar
Pradesh, also in association with CSIR and The Energy and Resources Institute. It also plans to
develop 1 million sq. ft of green building space by 2017.
It is also pursuing the biological route, using marine algae that are expected to yield 30 times
more than the conventional energy plantation of jatropha and ratanjot to produce biofuels. 

Simhadri thermal plant initiative to restrict carbon emissions

Staff Reporter
Puts in place advanced technologies from U.S. and Japan

Aim is to make the plant a model one in the country, says GM

We want to be eco-friendly in all possible areas, he says

 — Photo: C.V. SUBRAHMANYAM 

 
Exemplary:Greenery at the Deepanjalinagar township of NTPC Simhadri located some 50 km
from Visakhapatnam.

VISAKHAPATNAM: As a commitment towards green initiatives, the NTPC Simhadri Thermal Plant has put
in place advanced technologies from the U.S., Japan and other countries to restrict its carbon emissions.

This will help the public sector coal-fired shore-based power plant to earn carbon credits as per Kyoto
Protocol. “Best environmental practices are being followed by us to make it a model plant in the
country,” General Manager in-charge of NTPC Simhadri D.K. Sood told The Hindu in a recent interview.

The plant, which has two units of 500 MW each and in the process of doubling its capacity, is having a
yearly plant load factor of 97 per cent – considered exceedingly well in the power industry. Zero tripping
is also its hallmark during the financial year due to high maintenance level.

Ambient air quality

Mr. Sood said they were taking meticulous care to remain environment-friendly. Emission parameters
prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board and other authorities are followed on day-to-day
monitoring basis.

The ambient air quality monitoring system was installed for 24-hour monitoring of air quality.

A display board is installed at the gate to inform the public on ambient air quality.

Mr. Sood said the greenery in Deepanjalinagar township as well as the premises of the plant was very
impressive. During the implementation of phase-II expansion, advanced environmental technologies had
been put in place so as to keep green house emissions at minimum level.

Safe environment

“As a company as a whole, we want to be environment-friendly in all possible areas,” he said, stating
that the company was also attaching top priority to safety.

A safe environment is very important and all the employees as well as contract workers are provided
with protective gears like helmets, gloves, shoes etc.

The contractors were told strictly, he said, to have safety officers.

“We are also not hesitating to penalise the contractors if they fail to keep within the right norms,” he
pointed out.